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Physical problem
Flow over a backward facing step; isothermal and stratied mixed convection problem; tree dimensional ow structures.
Worksheet
Mesh generation mesh.7a: uniform mesh 90x16x1 cells for domine with L=15 mesh.7b: uniform mesh 180x16x1 cells for domine with L=30 mesh.7c: uniform mesh 180x32x1 cells for domine with L=15 use symmetry B.C. to set up a bidimensional simulation use of BCDEFI user subroutine to dene the fully developed velocity prole at the inlet u = 24y(0.5 y) use Wall B.C.(no-slip and adiabatic option) at the top and bottom walls steady state simulation at Ra=800 (UD,MARS) verify that a transient simulation is necessary to reach the steady state solution at Ra=800 with MARS ccalculation of the reattachement lenth for the two dierent domine lenght for variation of dierencing scheme for dierent renement grid Computational domain choice, with particular regard to outlet boundary position, mai be a critical point for the open boundary ow accuracy
Boundary conditions
Solution method
Results
Comments
Worksheet
Mesh generation Boundary conditions use symmetry on midplane y=0 to reduce the computational domain uniform mesh 90x16x20 cells use symmetry B.C. on plane y=0 use of BCDEFI user subroutine to dene the fully developed velocity prole at the inlet u = 1.61(1(|Y 0.25|/o.25) 2 )(1Z/2.5)1???????? 3.6) use Wall B.C.(no-slip) at bounding walls verify that a transient simulation is necessary to reach the steady state solution at Re-800 uses traces to represent streamlines analisys of the three dimensional structures calculation of the reattachment lenght along the domine width 2D trasverse vortices, in wall bounded ow, always induce secondary vortices at sidewalls In transverse vortices, ow curvature at sidewalls increases. Otherwise, in th boundary layer, the pressure gadient would not be balanced by centrifugal acceleration (which decreases, due to velocity reduction in the boundary layer)
Comments
Worksheet
Mesh generation Boundary conditions use nest mesh from Case1 (mesh.5c): uniform mesh 90x16x1 cells for domain with L=15; use symmetry B.C. to setup a bidimensional simulation use Wall B.C. (no slip) and xed temperature at the top and bottom walls use of BCDEFI user subroutine to dene the fully developed velocity prole at the inlet u = 24y(0.5 y) and T = 263.15 + 120.0y use Bousinesque approximation (isobaric density option) and T = 263.15 + 120.0y choice of the reference temperature (T ref = (Tc = Th )/2) and volumet1 ric expansion coecient /beta (/beta = T ref )
Therm. model
CERN Intensive Course on CFD 1st, March 2007 Solution method transient solution at Re-800 with MARS Attention in order to have Fr=16/9 , a new value of gravity acceleration can be calculated to obtain the correct Gr number (g = 232.77m/s 2 ) in order to mantain Re=800 using the same mesh in such dimensional problem you may scale the dimension unit (scale factor 0.012) Results analysis of ow and thermal eld and comparison to the isothermal ow calculation and comparison of the reattachment length Comments Even n apparently quiet and stable conguration, such as stratied ow with cold air at the bottom and hot air at the top, natural convection eect can have a signicant impact in mixed convection ow Stratied backward facing step ow shows a more dened wavy streamline pattern, with respect to isothermal ow
References
Garting, D.K., (1990), A test problem for outow boundary conditions-ow over a backward-facing step, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 90, 953-967. Nonino, C., and Croce G., (1997), An equal-order velocity-pressure algorithm for incompressible thermal ows, part 2: validation, Number. Heat Tranfer, 35, 17-35. Nonino, C., Comini, G., Croce G., (1999), Three-dimensional ow over backward facing steps, Int. J. Number. Meth. Heat & Fluds Flow, 24, 322-333.
Reference results
Figure 1: Isothermal ow, primary reatachement length. Nonino and Croce (1999)
Some results
CERN Intensive Course on CFD C C Sample coding: To specify inlet values for region 1 C IF(IREG.EQ.1) THEN TURINT=.FALSE. U=24*y*(0.5-y) !2D C U=1.61*(1-(abs(Y-0.25)/0.25)**2)*(1-(abs(Z)/2.5)**13.6) !3D V=0.0 W=0.0 C TE=0.0 C ED=0.0 C T=0.0 C SCALAR(1)=0.0 DEN=1.0 ENDIF CRETURN END
BCDEFI user subroutine: Stretiedow, scale factor for model unit 0.012
C************************************************************************* SUBROUTINE BCDEFI(SCALAR,U,V,W,TE,ED,T,DEN,TURINT,RSU,V2P,F2P) C Boundary conditions at inlets C************************************************************************* C* C STAR VERSION 3.24.000 * C* INCLUDE comdb.inc COMMON/USR001/INTFLG(100) DIMENSION SCALAR(50),RSU(6) LOGICAL TURINT INCLUDE usrdat.inc DIMENSION SCALC(50) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT12(001), ICTID ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(002), DENC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(003), EDC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT02(005), PR ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(005), PRC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(009), SCALC(01) ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(007), TC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(008), TEC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(059), UC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(060), VC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(061), WC ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(064), UCL ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(065), VCL ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT04(066), WCL ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT02(070), X ) EQUIVALENCE( UDAT02(071), Y ) Centro Interdipartimentale di Fluidodinamica e Idraulica
CERN Intensive Course on CFD EQUIVALENCE( UDAT02(072), Z ) C C C This subroutine enables the user to specify INLET boundary C conditions for U,V,W,TE,ED,T and SCALAR. C C Set TURINT=.TRUE. if turbulence intensity and length scale are C specied as TE and ED respectively C Set TURINT=.FALSE. if k and epsilon are specied as TE and C ED respectively C C ** Parameters to be returned to STAR: U,V,W,TE,ED,T, C SCALAR, DEN, TURINT C C NB U,V and W are in the local coordinate-system of the C inlet boundary. C C C C Sample coding: To specify inlet values for region 1 C IF(IREG.EQ.1) THEN TURINT=.FALSE. C U=166666.67*y*(0.006-y) U=24*y/0.012*(0.5-y/0.012) V=0.0 W=0.0 C TE=0.0 C ED=0.0 T=263.0+120.0*(y/.012) !T of bottom wall 263.15K, 120K=2(Ttop-Tbottom) C SCALAR(1)=0.0 DEN=1.0 ENDIF CRETURN END
MACROS
!****************** !shear-step-2D.MAC* !****************** ! !***extraction of X componet of the shear force on the bottom wall for reattachement lenght evaluation ! csys 1 sens dele all memo maxprb 1000 greset y getw,SFX cave, all gpost,points,nomap,180,1,0,-0.5,0,15.0,-0.5,0 frame,1,xreg,init,2 frame,1,xtitle,4.3,1.5 X LOCATION frame,1,yreg,init,9 frame,1,ytitle,0.5,5.5 SFX term,,X gdraw,1
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