Flexural Members

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN
FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Design of Flexural Members

Classification of Steel Section: 1. Compact Section 2. Non Compact Section 3. 3 Slender Element Section Stiffened Element supported along two edges parallel to the direction of the compression force. Unstiffened Element supported along one edge, parallel to the direction of the compression force. Co pact Section Compact Sect o bf < 170 (for compression flanges of I Section and Channel Section) 2tf Fy d < 1680 tw Fy (for webs in flexural compression)
Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE
engredgar2k@gmail.com
Non Compact Section bf < 250 (for compression flanges of I Section and Channel Section) 2tf Fy h < 1995 tw Fy (for webs in flexural compression)
Slender Element Section bf > 250 (for compression flanges of I Section and Channel Section) 2tf Fy h > 1995 tw Fy (for webs in flexural compression)
*NOTE: Compact Sections - ALL of its elements must be compact. For sections other than mentioned above, please see Table 5-1-Limiting Width Thickness Ratio for Compression Members (page 194 of Gillesania).
Allowable Bending Stress for I Section & Channel Section Bent About Their Major Axis
1. Members with Compact Section with Lb < Lc ; Lb=braced length
(allowable bending stress in both tension & compression) 2. Members w/ Non Compact Section a. For except that their flanges are non compact (excluding ) ). built up members & members w/
b. For Built Up Members w/
where: if f ,
if
c. For Members w/ Non Compact Section not included above and d ,
3. Members w/ Compact or NonCompact Section w/ a. Allowable bending stress in tension,
b. b Allowable bending stress in compression compression, When
When
For any value of
where:
Reversed Curvature (+)
Single Curvature (-)
Sample Problem 1:
A simply supported beam has an I Section made from 3 A36 steel plates welded together. Flanges are 450 x 20mm and web is 500 x 20mm.
W=?
Calculate the maximum uniform load w that the beam can carry. If the span of the beam is: a.) 4 m c.) 10 m b.) 6 m d.) 16 m
Solution: a.)
Check if the section is compact or not?

Compact flanges : p g ;
Compact web :
Non Compact flange
.: Section is Non Compact
since the section is non-compact with Lb<Lc .:equations on case 2.b. applies.
Thus applying flexure formula,
Substituting:
ans.
Sample Problem 1: Part (b)

Solution: b.) , and section is non compact!
Check case 2.c. Not satisfied! Case 3: members with compact or non compact section with Lb>Lc a. b.
still under case 3.b., solving for Fbc
* Not satisfied! ** Not satisfied also because
***
For any value of
= 229.83 >0.6Fy
.: use
Thus applying flexure formula,
ans.
Sample Problem 2:
Calculate the moment gradient multiplier , for the ff. beams.
1.
2.
3.
4. single curvature
5. single curvature
Allowable Bending Stress, of I Section, Solid Bars, Channel & Plates on Their Weaker Axis.
Members with Compact Sections
Members with Non Compact Sections
Shear Stress on Beams,
Allowable Shear Stress, *When or
*When where: when
or
when
when
when
where:
Sample Problem 3:
From sample problem 1, check the adequacy of the beam against shear.
a. b. c. d.
Solution:
Seatwork 1:
A floor system is supported by W18x158 A36 steel beams 10m long and spaced 3.50m on centers. The beams are simply supported at their ends and are laterally supported over their entire span. Allowable stress for bending and shear are 0.66Fy and 0.40Fy, respectively. Deflection of each beam should not exceed 1/360 of the span. overall depth= 500.9 mm web thickness= 20.6 mm section modulus= 5085.5x103 mm3 beam weight=235.0 kg/m 1. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum floor load without exceeding the allowable bending stress of each beam. a. 11.08kPa b.18.37kPa c. 15.41kPa d. 19.03kPa 2. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum floor load without exceeding the allowable shearing stress of each beam. a.57.83kPa b. 50.31kPa c. 68.49kPa d. 61.77kPa 3. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum floor load without exceeding the allowable deflection of each beam. a. 15.53kPa b. 22.06kPa c. 19.82kPa d.14.87kPa
Design/Analysis of Purlins
AllowableBending Stress Fbx Fby Deflection of Purlins,
Compact Section 0.66Fy 0.75Fy
NonCompact Section 0.6Fy 0.6Fy
Design/Analysis of Purlins with Sagrods and Tierods

a. Sagrods at Midspan of Purlins
b. Sagrods at Third Points of Purlins
Sample Problem 4:
A 28m Fink Truss are spaced at 6m o.c. The purlins are made up of W8X18 sections and are spaced at 1.96m on centers. Roof LL is 960N/m2 of roof surface and roof covering is assumed to be 720N/m2 of roof surface. Determine whether the purlins are adequate to carry such loadings. Sagrods & tierods are placed at midspan. A36 steel is used.
tierod
sagrods
1.96
7m
28 m
W8x18 Purlins
Solution:
Subs. Subs
Substituting,
0.543<1.0
Design of Sagrods:
From the previous problem, design the diameter of the sagrods needed using steel rod with Fy=248Mpa. Sagrods are placed @ midspan of each purlins. Solution:
Tension on gross area,
Design of Tierod:
From the previous problem, design the diameter of the tierod needed using steel rod with Fy=248Mpa. Solution:
Tension on gross area,
WEBS UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD
a. Web Yielding
b. Web Crippling
A. WEB YIELDING
R x N
N+2.5k
N+5k
k k
d
Toeoffillet
R N where: N = length of bearing plate g gp k = distance of toe of fillet from top/bottom flange ( found in the steel manual) R = a beam reaction or any concentrated load
a. For loads applied at or near the end of member Compressive stress =
0.66 Fy
b. For loads applied at a distance x greater than d from the end of member. Compression Stress =
0.66 Fy
B. WEB CRIPPLING
SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load at the center of the wide flange section having a web thickness of 14.7mm. The base plate placed directly on the load is used to prevent web yielding & crippling has a width N of 600mm, k= 31mm, Fy= 250 Mpa a. a Determine the max concentrated load that the base plate can carry carry. b. Determine the minimum length (N) of bearing plate to be placed under supports.
6m
Solution:
6m R= P/2 a. Pmax @ midspan=? Web Yielding, x = 3 x > d ; Case b d = 0.55m ; P = 1831.2525 KN ans. Web Crippling, x = 3 Crippling d = 0.55m 0 55m x > d/2 ; Case a R= P/2
tw = 14.7mm N= 600mm k = 31mm Fy=250Mpa d=550mm tf = 23.6mm
P = 2001.32 KN Pmax = 1831.2525 KN ans.
a. Nmin @ supports=? Web Yielding, x = 0 x < d ; Case a d = 0.55m
; Nsup = 300 mm Web Crippling, x = 0 d = 0.55m x < d/2 ; Case b
Nsup = 510.34 mm .: Nmin @ support = 510.34mm ans.

Flexural Members

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Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Design of Flexural Members

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

b. For Built Up Members w/

c. For Members w/ Non Compact Section not included above and d ,

3. Members w/ Compact or NonCompact Section w/ a. Allowable bending stress in tension,

b. b Allowable bending stress in compression compression, When

For any value of

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Reversed Curvature (+)

Single Curvature (-)

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Check if the section is compact or not?

Non Compact flange

.: Section is Non Compact

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Thus applying flexure formula,

Sample Problem 1: Part (b)

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

still under case 3.b., solving for Fbc

* Not satisfied! ** Not satisfied also because

For any value of

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Thus applying flexure formula,

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Members with Non Compact Sections

Shear Stress on Beams,

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Allowable Shear Stress, *When or

*When where: when

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

AllowableBending Stress Fbx Fby Deflection of Purlins,

Compact Section 0.66Fy 0.75Fy

NonCompact Section 0.6Fy 0.6Fy

Design/Analysis of Purlins with Sagrods and Tierods

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

b. Sagrods at Third Points of Purlins

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Tension on gross area,

Lecture Notes of Engr. Edgardo S. Cruz, MSCE

Mapua Institute of Technology School of CE-EnSE-CEM STEEL & TIMBER DESIGN

Tension on gross area,

WEBS UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD