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Dep. de Biologia Vegetal, Ps-Graduao em Fisiologia Vegetal, Univ. Fed. de Viosa, Viosa, MG, 36570-000.
*E-mail: rosilenemesquita@gmail.com
Among the abiotic factors that limit plant productivity stands out the soil water availability. Understanding the mechanisms how plants respond to drought stress is crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change on crop productivity and ecosystem. This study aimed to identify proteins whose change in expression is associated with greater tolerance to drought in soybean and that can provide evidence about physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the response to water deficit in soybean in contrasting genotypes. The plants were evaluated under full irrigation (control) and under water deficit imposed by suspending irrigation until the plants reached a water potential at predawn (am) of -1.0 MPa (moderate) and -1.5 MPa (severe). Plants of the cultivar BRS 16 (sensitive to drought) am reached with an average delay of two days for both levels of deficit in relation to cultivar Embrapa 48 (drought tolerant). These results are consistent with improved water economy in the tolerant cultivar. The proteins differentially expressed in soybean leaves were analyzed by two-dimensional gels associated with identification by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF). Data from the differential proteomic analysis of contrasting cultivars show that there is a modulation in the expression of proteins with emphasis on protein metabolism, such as amino acid synthesis and photosynthesis, which were more abundant in both the tolerant cultivar under irrigated condition as deficits, and under severe stress there was a reduction in the expression of Fe-SOD proteins related to oxidative stress, which confirms the data of higher enzyme activity of this enzyme in sensitive genotype under these conditions. The study of proteome differential tolerant cultivar showed only two proteins with potential roles in signaling in response to water stress. One is annexin 1, expressed at higher levels under moderate stress. The other signaling protein induced in Embrapa 48 under water stress protein is a class of R2R3 MYB transcription factor. This work illustrates the value of combined use of physiological studies related to analysis of proteome differential. Best chain of evidence is obtained, and a lighter selection of potential mechanisms of tolerance can be achieved despite the limited number of proteins of known function identified as differentially expressed. Orgo financiador: FAPEMIG e CNPq
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