GOLDSMITHS COLLEGE University of London DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AN52004A POLITICS ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL CHANGE (1 course) Autumn and

Spring Terms READING LIST 2008-2009 Course Lecturer: Visiting Tutors: Dr Catherine Alexander Dr Massimiliano Mollona Emma Jayne-Abbots Elena Gonzalez Autumn Term Spring Term

Course Requirements Attendance requirements: The College Regulations state that Students shall attend on all days prescribed for their programme unless the College is officially closed. If you are unable to attend due to illness you must inform the Department Office on the day of the class. Minimum course work requirements for exam entry are the following each term: 1 essay 1 team presentation Students are, however, strongly advised to write two essays each term, a list of essay questions for topics covered in the course is on page 23 of this reading list. Students who fail to meet the attendance and coursework requirements risk being put on probation. Please see the Student Handbook for further information. No essays will be accepted for marking after the end of the Autumn Term. It is recommended that all essays be typed. Mode of assessment: this course is examined by a 3 question, 3 hr Unseen Exam during the summer term. Towards the end of this reading list you will find a guide for writing and presenting course essays and examined reports. Please study this carefully before you plan and write your coursework essays and/or any examined reports.

Aims of this course 1. To introduce you to the core concepts and theories relating to economic and political organisation and the problem of accounting for change, both empirically and theoretically. 2. To familiarise you with a number of empirical contexts in order that you may be able to conceptualise the complex socio-economic processes that are affecting the peripheral areas that have long been the concern of anthropologists. To explore a number of contemporary problems relating to such issues as the apparent contradiction between local or national autonomy and globalisation that do not fit easily into definitions of the "economic" or "political".
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3.

Course Description This one unit course covers the Autumn and the Spring Terms. Through ethnographic examples we explore interactions between changing economic and political structures and how people organise their everyday lives in the world today. Throughout the course we will be using key theorists such as Durkheim, Marx and Weber who have contributed to anthropological debates on economy and society, as well as contemporary re-evaluations of these classic debates. In the Autumn Term we begin by considering some familiar concepts such as the state, money and property. In each case, we will think both about the historical processes that have produced these concepts in the form that we recognise today and alternative ways of organising society and economies through ethnographic examples. The reason for examining these institutions and ideas through both a historical and ethnographic lens is to appreciate how culturally and temporally specific these ideas are. We begin with an overview of the state, highlighting the contingency of its current form and discussing whether or not analyses of the state continue to be relevant in the light of globalisation and changing modes of production. We then discuss property, money and markets, all of which are tied, in particular forms, to ideas of the state and globalisation. In the second half of the term we examine how these concepts are central to the complex socio-economic processes that tend to be subsumed as globalisation. By using particular examples, we will explore how these ideas are implicated and played out in some of the key concerns of our world today: conflicting intellectual and cultural property claims, attempts to address climate change through global economic mechanisms (carbon accounting) that revisit the major divisions of the contemporary world. In the Spring Term, we add the concepts of labour and class to our repertoire and, revisiting some of the topics raised in the Autumn Term through different locales such as factories, we will see these institutions in action by exploring the capitalist labour process, the impact of industrialisation on the peasant economy and political forms of peasant resistance. We think about changed practices of labour through globalisation of capital and flexible production, and drawing together certain themes (such as value and freedom) that have been running throughout all the lectures. We end the first term by looking at contemporary forms of radical politics, with a special focus on anarchism and at its agenda of building societies without states. Course Essay The essay should be about 1.500 words. If two essays are to be submitted per term the first should be handed in by week 3, the second essay by week 7. (See Section 6 of the Handbook). If only one essay is written each term, it must be handed in by Week 7. Team Presentation Every student will be expected to give at least one presentation to their seminar group as a member of a team. Teams will be organized at the beginning of each Term. Teams are encouraged to consider how they will work as a team, and to think carefully about will consider the quality of the presentation (use of overheads, audiovisuals, handouts, etc.) and how well they can engage the audience, as well as the content. Revision Lecture The revision lectures will take place in week 11 of the Spring Term and in the first two weeks of the Summer Term 2005. Course Assessment This course is examined by a 3 hour unseen paper in the Summer Term.

Key Texts
Ong, A 2006 Liberalism as Exception
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Friedman, J Nugent, D Carrier, J. Graeber, D Gudeman S Smith, G. Harvey, D Hart K Marx K Gledhill J Lewellen T Wolf E Hoogvelt A Shanin T (ed) Bloch M & J Parry Mauss M Narotzky S Cheater A (ed) Polanyi, K

Globalisation, the State and Violence Locating Capitalism in Time and Space A Handbook of Economic Anthropology Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value The Anthropology of Economy. Confronting the Present: toward a politically engaged anthropology 2001 Spaces of Capital 2001 Money in an Unequal World. (first pub as The Memory Bank, 2000) [1867] Capital vol 1. 1994 Power and Its Disguises. 1992 Political Anthropology. 1982 Europe and the People Without History. 1997 Globalisation and the Postcolonial World the New Political Economy of Development. 1987 Peasants and Peasant Societies. 1985 Money and the Morality of Exchange. 1990 The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. 1997 New Directions in Economic Anthropology. 1999 The Anthropology of Power. The Great Transformation 2003 2002 2005 2001 2000 1999

Empirical studies or cases of particular interest to the course: Ferguson, J 2006 Global Shadows. Africa in the Neoliberal World. Narotzky, Susana and 2006 Immediate Struggles: people, power, and place in Rural Smith, Gavin Spain Graeber, D 2007 Lost People. Magic and the Legacy of Slavery in Madagascar. Vincent J (ed) 2002 The Anthropology of Politics: A Reader in Ethnography, Theory and Critique. Hutchinson S 1996 Nuer Dilemmas. Alexander C 2002 Personal States: Making Connections Between Bureaucracy and People in Turkey. MacGaffey J 1991 The Real Economy of Zaire. The Contribution of Smuggling and Other Unofficial Activities to National Wealth. Chakrabarty D 1989 Rethinking Working Class History - Bengal 1890-1940. Cheru F 1989 The Silent Revolution in Africa: Debt, Development and Democracy. Feierman S 1990 Peasant Intellectuals - Anthropology and History in Tanzania. Evans-Pritchard, E The Nuer Harvey N 1998 The Chiapas Rebellion: The Struggle for Land and Democracy. Comaroff J 1985 Body of Power Spirit of Resistance. Lan D 1985 Guns and Rain. Taussig M 1980 The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America. Roseberry W 1983 Coffee and Capitalism in the Venezuelan Andes. Mies M 1982 The Lacemakers of Narsapur. Lancaster R 1988 Thanks to God and the Revolution: Political Religious and Class Consciousness in the New Nicaragua. Leach, E. Political Systems of Highland Burma Nugent S 1979 Big Mouth: The Amazon Speaks. Nash J 1979 We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us. Chomsky N 1996 Powers and Prospects. Chomsky N 1999 Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order.
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Kearney M Coronil F

1996 1997

Parry J, J Berman & K 1999 Kapadia (eds) Kapferer B 1988

Reconceptualising Peasantry: Anthropology in Global Perspective. The Magical State: Nature, Money and Modernity in Venezuela. The Worlds of Industrial Labour. (2 chs in CRP & DSLC) Legends of People, Myths of State: Violence, Intolerance and Political Culture in Sri Lanka and Australia.

*** There are also a number of relevant papers that you can download and videos on the website: http://www.rethinkingeconomies.org.uk/. The Post Autistics Economics (PAE) Review website (with easily downloadable papers) is http://www.paecon.net/ Keith Harts website is well worth looking at for thought-provoking papers relevant to the course: http://www.thememorybank.co.uk/ Reading The course entails a weekly series of lectures and seminars focused around a number of key topics, listed overleaf. You should aim to familiarise yourself with each of these topics. Journals American Ethnologist Critique of Anthropology Annual Review of Anthropology Anthropological Theory Today Other Abbreviation: CRP DSLC + Abbreviations (Am Ethn) (Crit Anth) (ARA) (ATT) NGL Not in Goldsmiths Library.

Article or chapter is in the Course Reader Pack Article or chapter is in the Departmental Short Loan Collection, Reception Article or chapter is especially recommended

DSLC Lending System: A student or library card must be left with the Departmental Secretary. All articles borrowed must be recorded in the DSLC Register. Articles can be borrowed to read but must be returned the same day. A maximum of 3 articles may be borrowed at any one time.

Autumn Term 2008-9 Lecture Schedule

Week 1
KINSHIP

INTRODUCTION and THE STATE I: INEQUALITY STATE, CLASS,

Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7

THE STATE II: CONTINGENCY, EMERGENCE, AND DEBATES PROPERTY MONEY MARKETS

READING WEEK: NO LECTURES OR SEMINARS

THE MARKET UNBOUND: NEO-LIBERALISM & GLOBALISATION HAND IN COURSE ESSAYS RESEARCH EXERCISES FOR WEEK 11

Week 8 Week 9

GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Week 10 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WASTE Week 11 DEBATE IN THE GREAT HALL, 10.00 AM 13.00

CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICES CANNOT BE ADDRESSED UNTIL THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HOLDS STATES AND COMPANIES ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND TOXIC WASTES.

AUTUMN TERM (Dr Catherine Alexander) INTRODUCTION and THE STATE I: INEQUALITY STATE, CLASS, KINSHIP We start with a broad sense of the differences between the way (neo)classical economics has approached the study of the economy and the way anthropologists try to engage with it. These differences will be a theme running through all the lectures this term. This week will also introduce the course as a whole and some of the key theorists and problems that the following weeks will explore in more detail. Many of the readings suggested below will thus be of relevance to the rest of the course. Modern anthropology has its origins in the democratic revolutions and enlightenment philosophy of the 18th century. How could the arbitrary social inequality of the old regime be replaced by a more equal society founded on what all people have in common, their human nature? This vision of an egalitarian future seemed to have an analogy in the kinship organisation that preceded societies based on the state and class divisions and could still be observed among contemporary savages. We consider that view of pre-state egalitarianism, moving on to think how the differences between simple and complex societies have been theorised, moving on to different representations / definitions of the state and then how it is experienced in everyday encounters. Alexander C Almond G + Das, V. and D Poole (eds) +Anderson B Arendt H Asad T +Bendix R +Durkheim E Ferguson, J Friedman, J Geertz C Gledhill J +Herzfeld M Navaro-Yashin Y Roseberry, W. Steinmetz G (ed) Thomas Blom Hansen and Finn Stepputat, Taussig, M. +Rousseau J-J +Engels F Morgan L Vincent, A 2002 1988 2004 1991 1973 1998 1966 1984 2006 2003 1980 1994 1987 2002 1988 1999 2001 1997 1984 1972 1964 1987 Personal States: Making Connections Between Bureaucracy and People in Turkey. Oxford: OUP. The Return to the State, in American Political Science Review. 82(3): 853-874 (DSLC) Anthropology in the Margins of the State esp Chapter 1. Imagined Communities. London: Verso On Revolution. (ch 1) Harmondsworth: Penguin Two Images of Non-European Rule, in Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. T Asad (ed) Amherst, NY: Humanity Books Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Berkeley: California UP The Division of Labour in Society. Basingstoke: Macmillan Transnational Topographies of power. Beyond the State and Civil society in the study of African Politics. In Global Shadows. Globalisation, the State and Violence Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth Century Bali. Princeton: Princeton UP Power and Its Disguises: Anthropological Perspectives on Politics. (pp 38-46) London: Pluto Press The Production of Indifference. Chicago: Chicago UP (DSLC) Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton: Princeton UP Political Economy. In Annual Review of Anthropology. 161-185. CRP State/Culture: State Formation After the Cultural Turn. Ithaca & London: Cornell UP (CRP) States of Imagination. Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State. Durham: Duke University Press. The Magic of the State. London: Routledge. Discourse on Inequality London: Penguin Origin of the Family Private Property and the State Moscow: Progress Publishers Ancient Society. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press Theories of the State
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WEEK 1

Week 1 Seminar: What can we learn about power and institutions from studying representations of states? How do Durkheim and Weber respectively account for the key differences between simple and complex societies, and how successful are they in accounting for change? What, according to Rousseau, were the historical causes of inequality? WEEK 2 THE STATE II: CONTINGENCY, EMERGENCE, AND DEBATES Continuing the theme of the state this lecture explores the contingency of the modern nationstate by looking at different historical state formations and different theories of how and why state forms emerge at particular junctures. Despite this contingency, the presence of the state (or how to account for its absence) was a significant theme in early post War political anthropology. We will examine a series of critiques that these studies, in part, provoked. Morgan L +Fortes M & E EvansPritchard (eds) Clastres, P Leach, E Leach, E. +Durkheim E Evans-Pritchard, E. Hutchinson S Goody J Goody J Carneiro R Silverblatt I 1964 1987 1977 1961 1960 1984 1940 1996 1977 1971 1987 1987 Ancient Society. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press African Political Systems. London: KPI in association with the International African Institute Society against the state: The Leader as Servant and the Humane Uses of Power Among the Indians of the Americas, Urizen Books Political Systems of Highland Burma The Frontiers of Burma, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol 3(1) (Oct 1960):pp49-68. CRP The Division of Labour in Society. Basingstoke: Macmillan The Nuer, Oxford University Press. Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State. Berkeley: University of California Press Production and Reproduction Cambridge: Cambridge UP Technology, tradition and the state in Africa 'Cross-Currents in the Theory of the State', in Am Ethn. (14): 756-770 Transformations: The Conquest Hierarchy and Imperial Rule (ch 5), in Moon, Sun and Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class Formation in Inca and Colonial Peru. Princeton: Princeton UP The Matrifocal Family: power, pluralism and politics New York: Routledge

Smith R

1994

Week 2 Seminar: How did Clastres, Leach and Hutchinson each critique The Nuer and African Political Systems and what did they all add to political anthropology? How did Goody critique the classic Weberian understanding of the state?

WEEK 3 PROPERTY Property is nothing but a basis of expectation There is no image, no painting, no visible trait, which can express the relation that constitutes property. It is not material, it is metaphysical: it is a mere conception of the mind. (Jeremy Bentham, Theory of Legislation). We will explore first, what is meant by property in the western tradition and different determinants for rights to or in something and, secondly, the differences with how property rights are understood and enacted in other societies. In Week 8 we will see how these different understndings have affected exchanges with other societies.

+Engels F +Hann C (ed) Alexander C

1972 1998 2004

Hirschon R Hayden C

1984 1998

James, D. Maine H +Myers F

2007 1884 1988

Kagarlitsky B Locke J Rose M Rousseau H +Scott C

2000 1988 1993 1994 1988

Benda-Beckmann F., K Benda-Beckman and M Wiber (eds.) MacPherson, C.B. Le Guin, U.

2006 1964 2006

The Family, Private Property and the State. Moscow: Progress Publishers Property Relations: Renewing the Anthropological Tradition. Cambridge: CUP (intro in CRP) Values, Relations and Changing Bodies: Privatization and Property Rights in Kazakhstan, in Property in Question: Value Transformation in the Global Economy. K Verdery & C Humphrey (eds) Oxford: Berg (CRP) Women and Property - Women as Property. London: Croom Helm A Biodiversity Sampler for the Millennium (pp 173-206), in Reproducing Reproduction: Kinship, Power, and Technological Change. Sarah Franklin & Helena Ragon (eds) Philadelphia: U Pennsylvania Press (DSLC) Gaining Ground Rights and Property in South African Land Reform Ancient Law. London: John Murray (NGL) Burning the Truck and Holding the Country: Property, Time and the Negotiation of Identity Among Pintupi Aborigines (vol 2), in Hunters and Gatherers: Property, Power and Ideology. T Ingold, J Woodburn & D Riches (eds) London: Berg CRP The Twilight of Globalization: Property, State and Capitalism. trans by Renfrey Clarke London: Pluto Press Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge: CUP Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP A Discourse Upon the Origin and the Foundation of Inequality Among Mankind. London: Verso Property, Practice and Aboriginal Rights Among Quebec Cree Hunters, in Hunters and Gatherers: Property, Power and Ideology. (vol 2) T Ingold, J Woodburn & D Riches (eds) London: Berg. CRP Changing properties of property, Berghahn. Intro and 2 chs in CRP The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, OUP. The Dispossessed, Gollancz

Week 3 Seminar: how have understanding of natural property rights changed? Can property exist without the state? How can we recognise property? What has property got to do with social organisation? WEEK 4 MONEY In this lecture we will consider western money and then compare these against alternative money forms and uses. We will look at the effects of introducing standardized units to spheres of exchange, why this happens, connections between the state and some money forms, emerging forms of community money and what happens to money when the state collapses. Appadurai A (ed) +Bloch M & J Parry (eds) Bohannan L & P Bohannan 1990 1989 1968 The Social Life of Things. (intro) Cambridge: CUP Money and the Morality of Exchange. (esp intro) Cambridge: CUP Tiv Economy. Harlow: Longmans
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Buchan J Gregory C + Carsten J

1999 1997 1989

Coronil F + Dalton, G. Dalton G (ed) Hart K +Hart K Humphrey C & S Hugh-Jones (eds) Leyshon A & N Thrift Maurer, B. Seabright P. (ed) Hutchinson S Hutchinson S Origo I Simmel G Zaloom, C Zaloom, C. + Zelizer, V.

1997 1965 1967 2000 1986 1992 1997 2006 2000 1996

1979 1990 2006 2003

Frozen Desire. Picador (NGL: C. Alexander has this if you wish to copy it) Savage Money: The Anthropology and Politics of Commodity Exchange. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publisher Money, Gender and the Symbolic Transformation of the Means of Exchange in a Malay Fishing Village, in Money and the Morality of Exchange. M Bloch & J Parry (eds) Cambridge: CUP The Magical State: Nature, Money, and Modernity in Venezuela. Chicago: Chicago UP Primitive Money. American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 67, No. 1 (Feb., 1965), pp. 44-65. CRP Tribal and Peasant Economies: Readings in Economic Anthropology. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press for the American Museum of Natural History The Memory Bank. London: Profile, See also www.thememorybank.com Heads or Tails? Two Sides of the Coin, in Man. (22): 637-655 (CRP) Barter, Exchange, and Value: An Anthropological Approach. (esp intro) Cambridge: CUP Money/Space: Geographies of Monetary Transformation. London: Routledge The Anthropology of Money, Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 35, October 2006. CRP The Vanishing Rouble, Cambridge: CUP Ch4 Barter in postSoviet societies: what does it look like and why does it matter? A Ledeneva and P. Seabright Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War, and the State. Berkeley: University of California Press The cattle of money and the cattle of girls among the Nuer, 1930-83, American Ethnologist, 19(2) May 1992, pp294316.CRP The Merchant of Prato: Francesco di Marco Datini. Harmondsworth: Penguin The Philosophy of Money. London: Routledge Out of the Pit. Traders and Technology from Chicago to London (Chapter 2) Ambiguous Numbers: Trading Technologies and interpretation in financial markets. In American Ethnologist. 2003 30(2) :258-272 CRP The Social Meanings of Money: special monies, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 95, No. 2 (Sep., 1989), pp. 342-377. CRP

Week 4 Seminar: Does money break down, or connect? Can money exist without the state? Does it make any sense to talk about money as a singular form? How would you go about setting up a local trading scheme (i.e. a community bank)? Does money make everything the same?

WEEK 5 MARKETS Here we consider western theories of the market: how these fit with both western practice and non-western markets, and the assumptions made about human beings and their behaviour that
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underlie classical economics. We think about markets as institutions, physical / intangible places, symbolic arenas, and the morality of markets in different contexts. Agnew J Applbaum, K.. Bestor, T. Bestor, T Nelson J & M Ferber Granovetter M +Thompson E +Polanyi K 1988 2004 2004 2001 1993 1987 1971 1957 Worlds Apart: The Market and the Theater in AngloAmerican Thought, 1550-1750. Cambridge: CUP The marketing era: From professional practice to global provisioning. Chapter in DSLC Tsukiji: The fish market at the center of the world. Supply-side sushi: Commodity, market, and the global city. American Anthropologist. 103 (1):76-95, DSLC Beyond Economic Man: Feminist Theory and Economics. Chicago UP. Ch 3 in CRP: Not a free market: the rhetoric of disciplinary authority in economics Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness, in American Journal of Sociology. 91(3): 481-510 (CRP) The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the 18th Century, in Past and Present. Feb (CRP) The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press. Chapters 12 and 13 in CRP: The Birth of the Liberal Creed and The Birth of the Liberal Creed cont.: class interest and social change. The Moral Economy Reviewed, in Customs in Common. London: Merlin Press The Moral Economy of the Peasant. New Haven, Conn.: Yale UP Whats in a Fair Price? Price Setting and Trading Partnerships in Javanese Markets, in Man. 26(3) Meanings of the Market: The Free Market in Western Culture. Oxford: Berg (intro in CRP) Contesting Markets: Analyses of Ideology, Discourse and Practice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP (intro DSLC) The Market Wheel: Symbolic Aspects of an Indian Tribal Market, in Man. 17(3) The Laws of the Markets. Oxford: Blackwell Higgling: Transactors and Their Markets in the History of Economics. Durham, N.C.: Duke UP Suq: The Bazaar Economy in Sefrou, in Meaning and Order in Moroccan Society. C Geertz, H Geertz & Rosen (eds) CUP In Money and the Morality of Exchange. M Bloch & J Parry (eds) Cambridge: CUP Global microstructures: the virtual society of financial markets. American Journal of Sociology. Onions are my Husband: Survival and Accumulation by West African Market Women. Chicago: Chicago UP Capital, Penguin Books, Chapter 1 The Commodity in CRP Real Time: unwinding technocratic and anthropological knowledge. American Ethnologist. 31(3): 392-405. Economic Anthropology. (Plattners ch) Stanford: Stanford UP Wall Street: How it Works and for Whom. London: Verso, Chapter Renegades in CRP
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Thompson E Scott J Alexander J & P Alexander +Carrier J (ed) +Dilley R (ed) Gell A Callon M (ed) De Marchi N & M Morgan Geertz C Kopytoff I Knorr-Cetina K and U Bruegger. Gracia C Marx, K Riles A. Plattner S Henwood D

1991 1976 1991 1997 1992 1982 1997 1994 1979 1989 2002 1994 2004 1989 2000

Hart, K.

1982

On commoditization, E. Goody (Ed) From Craft to Industry, Cambridge, Cambridge UP CRP

Week 5 Seminar: How useful is the market as an analytical term? Does the market have a morality? What are the preconditions for market exchange? What is the free market? What do studies of marketing tell us? Can the market exist independently from the state? What are the key differences between market exchange, barter and gift exchange? WEEK 6 READING WEEK NO LECTURES OR SEMINARS

WEEK 7 THE MARKET UNBOUND: NEO-LIBERALISM & GLOBALISATION This week examines the resurgence and global extension of neo-liberal principles from the 1970s onwards, a phenomenon that is sometimes misleadingly blurred with globalisation. We start by considering some accounts of the history of globalisation (even if not under that name) and the changing forms of European expansionist capitalism, before turning to the rise of international institutions set up to ensure global stability but which have developed into quite different organizations emphasizing economic restructuring.

See: www.rethinkingeconomies.org.uk/ (first seminar on unequal development)

Wolf, E. Mintz, S. + Stiglitz, J. Hayter T Bello, W. Chomsky, N Harvey, D. De Soto, H Guyer, J. Ferguson, J. Wallerstein, I Hoogvelt, A 1982 1985 2002 1989 1994 1999 2005 2000 2004 2007 1982 1997 Europe and the People without History Sweetness and Power, Globalization and its discontents, Penguin. Ch 1 in CRP Exploited earth: Britains aid and the environment Dark Victory: the United States, Structural Adjustment and Global Poverty Profit over people: neoliberalism and global order A brief history of neo-liberalism, OUP The mystery of capitalism: why capitalism triumphs in the west and fails everywhere else Marginal gains: monetary gains in Atlantic Africa, Chicago University Press Formalities of poverty: thinking about social assistance in neoliberal South Africa, African Studies Review 50(2): 71-86. CRP The rise and future demise of the world capitalist system, in Introduction to the Sociology of developing societies, S. Alavi and T Shanin (eds.) Globalisation and the post-colonial world: the new political economy of development

Week 7 Seminar: How has globalization changed? Why is history it necessary to understand current global inequalities? How has the structure of international lending changed since the second world war and what have the effects been?
** We will also give out and explain the research exercises for Week 11 in Week 7s seminar **

WEEK 8 GLOBALIZATION AND LOCALITY This lecture complements the previous one by considering what anthropology can bring to studying these global processes. This then examines how globalization is experienced, engaged with and understood through specific regions and localities. Ethnographies tend to focus on themes of identity and consumption, incorporation and resistance.
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Cahn, P Kipnis, A Elyachar, J Elyachar, J Hoffman, L., M. DeHart, and S. Collier + Ong, A. and S. Collier Tsing, A. Tsing, A. + Kearney, M Kandiyoti, D. Ong, A. + Massey, D. Sawyer, S.

2008 2007 2006 2005 2006

2005 2000 1995 1996 1988 1994 2004

Lakoff, A

2004

Consuming Class: multilevel marketers in neo-liberal Mexico, Cultural Anthropology, Vol 23(3) pp429-452, CRP Neoliberalism reified: sushi discourse and tropes of neoliberalism in the Peoples Republic of China, JRAI, 13: 383400. CRP Best practices: research, finance, and NGOs in Cairo, American Ethnologist, Vol 33(3) pp413-426. CRP Markets of Dispossession: NGOs Economic Development and the state in Cairo, Duke University Press. Notes on the Anthropology of Neoliberalism, Anthropology News, Sept. 2006, CRP Global Assemblages: technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, Chapter 1 and 7 in CRP (1: Global Assemblages, Anthropological problems ; 7: Time, money and biodiversity) Friction: an ethnography of global connection, Princeton: Princeton University Press. The Global Situation, Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Aug., 2000), pp. 327-360 CRP The local and the global: the anthropology of globalization and transnationalism, Annual Review of Anthropology, 24: 547565. CRP Modernization without the market? The case of the Soviet East. Economy and Society, The production of possession: spirits and the MNC in Malaysia, American Ethnologist, 15 A Global Sense of Place, from Space, place and gender, University of Minnesota Press. CRP Crude Chronicles: Indigenous Politics, Multinational Oil, and Neoliberalism in Ecuador (American Encounters/Global Interactions), Duke University Press (also a chapter in Property in Question (eds.) K Verdery and C Humphrey The anxieties of globalisation: antidressant sales and economic crisis in Argentina, Social Studies of Science 34:2: 247-269. CRP

Week 8 Seminar: How can anthropology make sense of global processes? Has there ever been such a thing as a non-hybrid locality? Does the nation-state still have any role to play? WEEK 9 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS New debates around property rights have been prompted by technological advances (e.g. bioprospecting for pharmaceutical drugs and recording devices), changes in property objects, the form that globalisation has taken over the last two decades and attempts by international bodies to protect local heritage. The western legal fiction of private ownership, as inscribed in patents, is not always commensurate with other understandings and practices of peoples relationship through and to things. Again, local variability in social organisation can have unanticipated consequences for standard legal attempts, however well-meaning, to safeguard knowledges, rituals, images and so on. Copyleft or shareware is the best known example of a challenge to standard intellectual property regimes. + Brown, M. 2004 Who Owns Native Culture?

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+ Brown, M.; J. Barnes, D. Cleveland, R. Coombe, P. Descola, L. Hiatt, J. Jackson, B. Karlsson, D. Posey, W. Powers, L. Rosen, F. Santos Granero, C. Severi, D. Stephenson, M. Strathern, D. Tuzin Kaneff, D. and A. King (eds.) Hayden, C. Woodmansee, M. Barker, J Hann, C. Lessig, L. + Parry, B.

Can culture be copyrighted? And comments. Current Anthropology. Vol. 39, No. 2 (Apr., 1998), pp. 193-222 CRP

Special issue on cultural property, Focaal 2002 When Nature goes public: the making and unmaking of bioprospecting, Princeton University Press. "The Genius and the Copyright: Economic and Legal Conditions of the Emergence of the 'Author.'" EighteenthCentury Studies 17 (1984): 425-48 Dangerous Objects: changing indigenous perceptions of material culture in Papua New Guinea Society, Pacific Science 55(4):359-375. Creeds, Cultures and the witchery of music. JRAI 9(2):223239. The Future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world, New York: Random House Bodily transactions: regulating a new space of flows in bioinformation, in Property in Question: value transformation in the global economy, (eds.) K. Verdery and C. Humphrey, pp29-48. CRP Book review of Who Owns Native Culture? Michael Brown. The Political and Legal Anthropology Review, (PoLAR). Vol 27(2) pp 113-129. CRP Cutting the network. JRAI, 2: 517-535. Ritual as intellectual property, JRAI 27(2): 225-244. High-Tech Guilds in the Era of Global Capital, Anthropology of Work Review, Spring 2001, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 28-32 The Political Agnosticism of Free and Open Source Software and the Inadvertent Politics of Contrast, Anthropological Quarterly 77.3 (2004) 507-519. Available online

2001 2003 2002 2004

Alexander, C., Strathern, M., Harrison, S. Coleman, G. Coleman, G.

2004 1996 2001 2004

Week 9 Seminar / enactment Is it possible to protect local groups from the predations of international profit seeking firms? What are some of the problems with using a one-size fits all approach to protecting intellectual property? What are some of the technological challenges to western ideas of copyright? Is plagiarism copyleft or theft? THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF WASTE Dr Josh Reno This lecture brings together topics discussed in previous weeks in order to examine global economies of waste circulation. The discussion will hinge on how global flows of waste have contributed to the production of geopolitical difference and inequality and, particularly, how in recent decades transnational markets in waste have emerged in productive tension with forms of environmental governance and activism. The main example will come from a large and controversial landfill in Michigan, which at one time received the majority of its waste from Canada, and which demonstrates the unforeseen consequences of global waste circulation. WEEK 10

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Thompson, M. Clapp, J. ONeill, K. OBrien M. Reno, J. Seabrook, J.

1979 Rubbish Theory: the Creation and Destruction of Value. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Ch 3 Rat-infested slum or glorious heritage? CRP 2001 Toxic Exports: the Transfer of Hazardous Wastes from Rich to Poorer Countries. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 2000 Waste Trading among Rich Nations: Building a New Theory of Environmental Regulation. Cambridge: MIT Press. 2007 A Crisis of Rubbish? Rubbish Society. London: Routledge. Chapter rubbish industries in CRP In pressYour Trash is Someones Treasure: the Politics of Value at a Michigan Landfill. Journal of Material Culture 14:1. CRP 2008 American Scrap: an Old-School Industry Globalizes. The New Yorker, January 14th. CRP

Week 10 Seminar: How have trades in waste confirmed or created global inequalities? How do these trades interact with GATT and the 1992 Basel Convention? WEEK 11 DEBATE: CLIMATE CHANGE, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICES CANNOT BE ADDRESSED UNTIL THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HOLDS STATES AND COMPANIES ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND TOXIC WASTES

** Week 11 is a different format. Please note different times and rooms **

10.00-11.00 The Great Hall: Three invited speakers will present on-going research into global warming. 11.00-12.00 Seminar groups will pool their ideas from previous research exercises on different aspects of the debates theme and select a representative to present them to the whole class. 12.00-13.00 The Great Hall: each seminar groups representative will give a 5 minute presentation on the key points from their research. If there is time we will also have questions. Longer presentations from each seminar will be posted on the VLE. MacKenzie, D. 2008 Making Things the Same: Gases, Emission Rights and The Politics of Carbon Markets. The pdf can be downloaded from his webpage: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/staff/sociology/mackenzie_donald "Ecology and Capitalist Costs of Production: No Exit". Paper can be downloaded from: http://fbc.binghamton.edu/iwecol.htm Ecology against capitalism, Monthly Review Press. Ch 1 CRP Pollution and Property: comparing ownership institutions for environmental protection, CUP Ch 5 The theory and limites of free market environmentalism (a private property/nonregulatoy regime) CRP

Wallerstein, I. Bellamy Foster, J Cole, D

1997 2002

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AN52004A POLITICS ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL CHANGE

ESSAY TITLES Refer to at least two ethnographies in your answer
1. Why has the emergence of the state constituted such an important focus of study? 2. How far is it true to say that if there were no state, there would be no inequality? 3. How free is the free market? 4. How does a historical approach enrich anthropological analysis? 5. Discuss how the work of Marx has been variously re-elaborated by anthropologists 6. Does gift giving always unite people? 7. Consider the contrast made between states and stateless societies in the work of three writers. 8. How can anthropology make sense of global processes? 9. What are some of the problems with using a one-size fits all approach to protecting intellectual or cultural property? OR Relativist approaches to intellectual property are all very well, but if there is no standard form for the international community to use there is no means of protecting vulnerable groups from the predations of multinationals. Discuss 10. Show how indigenous cultural forms influence the development of capitalism with reference to two ethnographic case studies. 11. When its local adaptations of global forces we call it creative hybridity; when its big multinational pharmaceuticals, we call it bio-piracy. Discuss 12. Property relations are always tied to specific forms of personhood and social organisation. It is therefore impossible to have generic property rights. Discuss.

Dr Catherine Alexander Dr Massimiliano Mollona August 2008

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A GUIDE FOR WRITING AND PRESENTING COURSE ESSAYS AND

EXAMINED REPORTS These guidelines have been designed to ensure that you are aware of the basic expectations of written coursework and examined reports. In addition to general comments concerning essay structure, they include details about how to reference work and issues regarding plagiarism and overlap. Please note that in the marking of work, both of these issues will be taken into account. 1. General Essay Guidance An essay should present a well-organized argument that responds to a set question. It should include a review and discussion of relevant literature, and should also present an argument for your own perspective. Aim to convince the reader that your angle on the topic is valid, but make sure you demonstrate knowledge of other possible approaches. a. The Introduction You should begin with an introduction setting out the issue to be discussed, and tell the reader how you will approach it. Avoid wasting space on definitions unless a particular question requires them. Make a clear argument and proceed from one point to the next so that the narrative builds on what went before. The Main Body of the Essay Tell the reader where a line of reasoning you refer to is helpful or flawed and, using your own judgment and the work of previous commentators, explain why. Keep the essay focussed on the argument and avoid meandering. Critique is appropriate in an essay but unsubstantiated, moralistic and generalized polemic is not. You can use subheadings to provide structure to the essay and guidance for the reader. Make the sections build on each other. In general, arguments should not be purely abstract or theoretical, but should use examples (from ethnography, history, the media and popular culture, and your own experience, where appropriate). Make sure that the relevance of your examples is clearly stated. Your essay should have a clear and succinct conclusion. c. Footnotes and Endnotes Footnotes may be used for points of amplification, but are not generally necessary. Endnotes are discouraged.

b.

2.

References Sources listed in the reading guide will provide good starting points, but you may introduce other material. You may locate further references through bibliographies in articles and books that you already have, through browsing relevant journals, through library catalogues, or through searching the web. Bear in mind that material on the web, especially, is very uneven in quality: you need to make judgements as to whether data are likely to be accurate, and whether interpretations are justifiable or opinionated. In order to be clear and professional, you should cite and list your sources in a standardized way. In anthropology, the most common system uses author-date citations within the text rather than footnotes or endnotes. General reference to writer/text within a sentence: for example, as Leach (1972) influentially argued as critics of Said have noted (e.g. Clifford 1988) Reference to a specific passage/quotation: all direct quotations must be accompanied by specific page references, for example, Fry and Willis are suspicious of the emphasis they see on traditional Aboriginal artists (1989: 160-62) Myers has suggested that the appeal of the acrylics is the sense of their rootedness in the world (1995: 84).

Any quotation longer than three lines should appear as a separate, indented paragraph, without quotation marks.

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The Bibliography Full references should be consolidated in a bibliography at the end of your essay, not in the form of endnotes. It should be in alphabetical order by author and should include all and only those works cited. It is important that you include all the information for a reference, and not only date, author and title. Although there are a number of set bibliographic styles, we strongly recommend that you use the following form:

Book: Taussig, Michael (1987) Shamanism, colonialism and the wild man: a study in terror and healing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited Book: Karp, Ivan and Stephen Lavine (eds) (1991) Exhibiting cultures: the poetics and politics of museum display. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Article in Journal: Appadurai, Arjun (1990) Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy. Public Culture 2 (2): 1-24. Chapter in Book: Beckett, Jeremy (1998) Haddon attends a funeral: fieldwork in Torres Strait, in Cambridge and the Torres Strait, Anita Herle and Sandra Rouse, (eds) pp. 23-49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Film/Video: Harlan County, USA. (1976) Barbara Kopple. Cabin Creek Films, USA. 103 minutes. [name after date is that of director]. Web Pages: Where appropriate, refer to the specific page, rather than the site in general, and include details of the title and author of specific material, for example: Luttwak, Edward (1990) Capitalism without capital, 3. The Issues of Plagiarism and Overlap In addition to the general rules of plagiarism, as stated in the Student Handbook, you must ensure that the same work is not submitted for more than one examination, and that it does not overlap with other formally assessed work. Please note the Colleges chief concern is that you do not use material in examinations as a means of deception. These guidelines do not therefore stipulate against you making links between courses, or establishing the cross-over of material, or against the answering of an examination question that may partially relate to a coursework essay. Plagiarism is the use of someone elses work - either direct quotation or minor rephrasing - that is not cited, and is passed off as your own work. The form of the original source is irrelevant - for example, it can be from a book, the Internet, or another students essay. Work where the author is unknown should be listed as anonymous. Self-plagiarism is the use of your own work - either direct quotation or minor rephrasing - that has already been submitted to a Department, either in the form of a coursework essay or examination. Self-plagiarism is a particular issue where an essay, or section of an essay, is reproduced completely unchanged through cut and paste facilities. Overlap is the use of the same material in more than one examination, either within this Department or another. In addition to self-plagiarism, overlap can include the use of virtually the same general argument or virtually the same sources of reference material. Note that the College is very strict on these matters, and if found guilty students are likely to be severely penalised. If you have any queries regarding these issues you must contact the Anthropology Examinations Officer.

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