Data Mining on Source Water Quality (Tianjin, China) for Forecasting Algae Bloom Based on Artificial Neural Network

Los Angeles, California USA March 31-April 02 ISBN: 978-0-7695-3507-4 Jin-Suo Lu Ting-Lin Huang Harmful algae in source water become a very serious problem for water plants in China. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been successfully used to model primary production and predict one-step weekly algae blooms in reservoir. In this study, to avoid selecting inputs randomly during the establishment of feed forward ANN forecasting algae two days later, we use correlation coefficient and index clustering to analyze source water quality parameters totally about 1744 daily measured data from 1997 to 2002 of Tianjin. So twenty-six schemes of input variables are determined and experimented for optimal inputs. Inputs of the final model are chlorophyll-a, turbidity, water temperature, ammonia, pH and alkalinity. The correlation coefficient of output values of the model and real values can reach 0.88 and the prediction accuracy is over 85% -------------------------------------------Safety Radius for Algae Eradication at 200 KHz Spiros Kotopoulis, Antje Schommartz, Michiel Postemasa Abstract: Algae have been proven to be a severe health hazard to humans, aquatic and semi-aquatic animals. Chemical methods available to control the algae have unwanted side-effects. For this reason, ultrasonic algae control has been under investigation. We measured the eradication effectiveness of ultrasound at three typical centre frequencies. At all three frequencies physical damage to the algae was observed. We conclude that it is possible to eradicate blue-green algae in the clinical diagnostic range. Taking into account the geometry, the low attenuation in water, and the NATO Undersea Research Centre Human Diver and Marine Mammal Risk Mitigation Rules and Procedures, even at these low voltages, the safe swimming distance is at least several meters away from the sound source. -------------------------------------------------

A SURVEY OF RATES AND PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN C14O2 ALGAE

R. G. S. Bidwell Canadian Journal of Botany

Abstract
The rates and products of photosynthesis of 14 species of brown, red, and green marine algae have been determined. C14O2 was supplied in a special apparatus which gave a continuous record of uptake.

This apparatus is described in detail. The products of photosynthesis were extracted, separated by paper chromatography, and their radioactivity was determined. The main product was invariably mannitol in the brown algae, floridoside or a glycerol-mannoside in the reds, and sucrose in the greens. Hydrolysis of the insoluble residues released radioactive amino acids, glucose, galactose, and other carbohydrates. Although the soluble products were characteristic of each group, the insoluble products were much the same in all three groups. The rates of CO2 assimilation ranged from 2 to 4mg. of CO2 per hour per gram of fresh plant. No correlation of the rate of CO2 uptake was observed with either the morphology or the taxonomy of the algae. ----------------------------------------

PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: II. GREEN ALGAE

J. S. Craigie, J. McLachlan, W. Majak, R. G. Ackman, C. S. Tocher

Abstract
The photosynthetic fixation of 14CO2 was studied in 10 species of chlorophycean algae and in 9 isolates of prasinophycean algae of the genus Tetraselmis.Green seaweeds had photosynthetic rates of 2.2 to 4.4mg CO2h1g1, accumulated starch, glucose, fructose, and sucrose, and excreted very little recent photosynthate.Dunaliella spp. were distinguished by a high level of organic excretion (to 29.2% of the 14C fixed in 2 hours), the production of glycerol and hydrogen sulfide, and the absence of dimethyl--propiothetin.Tetraselmis spp. excreted relatively small amounts of photosynthate in 2 hours, and produced mannitol and dimethyl--propiothetin but not hydrogen sulfide. --------------------------------------