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Principles and procedures for DNV offshore verification, classification, qualification and asset operation services
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u u u u u u u u u
A: Quality and Safety Methodology B: Materials Technology C: Structures D: Systems E: Special Facilities F: Pipelines and Risers G: Asset Operation H: Marine Operation J: Wind Turbines
ABC DE FGH J
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RP-C205 is an updated and enhanced version of DNV Classification Notes 30.5 Environmental conditions and Environmental loads. CN 30.5 provides key information on main issues related to environmental loads on ships and offshore structures.
- description on wave, wind and current conditions - methods for load prediction on various types of structures
CN30.5 has been widely used in the industry for design of offshore structures The document has also been widely used by DNV in verification and advisory services and it serves as a basic reference for several other DNV rules, standards and recommended practices (RP).
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Establish a Recommended Practice for assessment of environmental conditions and environmental loads on marine structures Establish a common basis for DNVs offshore standards with respect to assessment of load effects
Participants:
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Hydro, Statoil, BP, DNV (funding) Aker Kvrner, Moss Maritime, PGS, PSA (observers)
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Wind conditions
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Definition of wind parameters Wind data and wind speed statistics Wind modelling
- Mean wind speed and standard deviation - Long term probability distributions - Wind speed profiles (logarithmic, power law, Frya)
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Wind turbulence Wind spectra (offshore / over land) limitations/recommendation for use Wind speed process and wind speed field (coherence spectra) Wind profiles and atmospheric stability Transient wind conditions (gusts & squalls)
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Wave conditions
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Wave theories and wave kinematics Short term wave conditions Long term wave statisitics Extreme value predictions
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(+ )
2( ) 2
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Morisons equation
- Combined current and waves - Fixed and moving structures - Normal and axial forces
Governing parameters
Diffraction parameter D/ Reynolds number Re=DU/ Roughness = k/D KC number KC=UMT/D Current flow velocity ratio =
Uc Uc + Uw
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Frequency domain analysis Time domain analysis Forward speed effects Numerical methods (panel methods) Hydrostatic and inertia loads Wave frequency loads
n Mean and slowly varying loads Random wave loads - Difference frequency QTFs Equivalent linearization - Mean drift force Panel mesh requirements - Viscous effect on drift forces Irregular frequencies - Damping of low frequency motions Multi-body hydrodynamic interactions - Viscous hull damping Generalized body modes Shallow water and restricted areas n High frequency loads Moonpool effects - Sum-frequency wave loads (springing) Fluid sloshing in tanks - Higher order wave loads (ringing)
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~1972 designed according to API: Safety margin: 1.5m airgap for 100 yr wave ~1985 subsidence detected ~1993 Kaplans simplified wave-in-deck formulaes 2005 Renewed attention to wave-indeck loads. Lifetime extension of exisiting jackets. Computational Fluid Dynamics for wave-in-deck calculations
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Wave-in-deck load
22o
N
SWL
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Wave period, T
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Crest
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Fluid domain
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Incoming wave
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Wave from NP
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[MN] .
Fz
force
Deck
Fx
4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Time (sec)
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min F z deck
[MN] .
Fz
force
Deck
Fx
4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Time (sec)
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Wetted deck area varies with time Time correlation with jacket load
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 2 -20 -30 -40 -50 3 4 5 6 7 8 . Fx-Deck Fz-Deck Jacket Horisontal loading Jacket vertical loading
Direction: 110
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Time (sec)
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1 Fh = Cd A v 2 2
Cd =
2.5 1.9
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2) Fh head-on waves
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Deck structures
- Box-shaped, 30 m x 50 m - 6 other configurations
15 to 20 analyses
- Varying wave inundation - Rp: 100 year to 10 000 year - Horizontal top of crest velocity: 7 m/s to 12 m/s - Fluid mesh: Horizontal ~0.3 m to ~0.5 m Vertical ~0.2 m to ~0.5 m
3.5
deck girders
Cd API = 2.5
2.5
1.5
Boxshaped deck
0.5
0 0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
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Time (s)
time [s]
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5
2 Fx / 0.5 rho A v x_max [-]
4m 7.6m/s fx 101_11b_non_dim
.
4 3
Cd API = 2.5
30 m by 50 m smooth deck
1.5
2.0
2.5
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2) Fh oblique waves
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Normalized horizontal force curves versus the API method, 2 45 oblique waves
1.8
Cd API = 1.9
1.6
1.4
Boxshaped deck
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
vz bos
1 2 Fv = Cv A v z bos 2
Wetted deck area at the time of maximum impact force
5 Cv = 10
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Wave crest
Lp
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Top view
0 head-on wave
Deck structure, elevation view
vz bos Lp
Wetted length = Lp
Pr
oj
ec
te
Top view
d de ck br ea
le ng th
dt
W et te d
45 oblique wave
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3) Fv head-on waves
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CV DNV= 5
5
Boxshaped deck
2 z-bos
0 0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Time (s)
time [s]
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1.5
2.0
2.5
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3) Fv oblique waves
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Cv DNV = 10
Fz / 0.5 A v z-bos [-] Normalized2 force ( -)
8
Boxshaped deck
0 0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Disturbed kinematics
In Marinteks Wave Impact JIP PIV measurements of fluid velocities will be performed.
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10000 y
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Comet by CD-Adapco
Wave-in-deck loads on regular box with and without girders. Courtesy of Oleg Gaidai, DNV
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Vortex induced hull motions Wind induced vortex shedding Current induced vortex shedding Vortex induced oscillations in waves
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Courtesy of Marintek
Scaling effects
Froude scaling Reynolds number scaling Choice of scale Scaling of slamming load measurements
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