www.jntuworld.

com

CELLULARANDMOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
SOURCE: MOBILECELLULARTELECOMMUNICATIONS BYWILLIAMC.Y.LEE

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

IntroductiontoCellularMobile Systems
WhyCellularMobileTelephoneSystems?

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

LimitationsofConventionalMobile TelephoneSystems
operationallimitations limitedservicecapability poorserviceperformance inefficientfrequencyspectrumutilization.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

LimitedServiceCapability

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

PoorServicePerformance
Inthepast,atotalof33channelswereallocatedtothree mobiletelephonesystems: MobileTelephoneService(MTS), ImprovedMobileTelephoneService(IMTS)MJsystems,and ImprovedMobileTelephoneService(IMTS)MKsystems. Thelargenumberofsubscriberscreatedahighblocking probabilityduringbusyhours. Ahighcapacitysystemformobiletelephoneswasneeded.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

InefficientFrequencySpectrum Utilization
theconventionalsystemdoesnotutilizethespectrum efficientlysinceeachchannelcanonlyserveonecustomer atatimeinawholearea.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

SpectrumEfficiencyConsiderations
limitation availableradiofrequencyspectrum minimalbandwidthbutprovidehighusage andconsumersatisfaction.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

Threemajorapproachestoachieve theidealare
1.Singlesideband(SSB),whichdividesthe allocatedfrequencybandintomaximum numbersofchannels 2.Cellular,whichreusestheallocated frequencybandindifferentgeographic locations 3.Spreadspectrumorfrequencyhopped, whichgeneratesmanycodesoverawide frequencyband

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

ABasicCellularSystem

www.jntuworld.com

amobileunit, acellsite,and amobiletelephoneswitchingoffice(MTSO)

www.jntuworld.com

1.Mobileunits.Amobiletelephoneunitcontainsacontrolunit,a transceiver,andanantennasystem. 2.Cellsite.ThecellsiteprovidesinterfacebetweentheMTSOand themobileunits.Ithasacontrolunit,radiocabinets,antennas,a powerplant,anddataterminals. 3.MTSO.Theswitchingoffice,thecentralcoordinatingelementfor allcellsites,containsthecellularprocessorandcellularswitch.It interfaceswithtelephonecompanyzoneoffices,controlscall processing,andhandlesbillingactivities. 4.Connections.Theradioandhighspeeddatalinksconnectthe threesubsystems.Eachmobileunitcanonlyuseonechannelata timeforitscommunicationlink. TheMTSOistheheartofthecellularmobilesystem.Itsprocessor providescentralcoordinationandcellularadministration.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

OperationofCellularSystems
Mobileunitinitialization. selflocationprocedure Mobileoriginatedcall. Arequestforserviceissentona
selectedsetupchannelobtainedfromaselflocationscheme

www.jntuworld.com

Networkoriginatedcall. Alandlinepartydialsamobile
unitnumber.

Calltermination. Handoffprocedure.

www.jntuworld.com

PerformanceCriteria
VoiceQuality asetvaluex atwhichy percentofcustomers ratethesystemvoicequality(fromtransmitter toreceiver)asgoodorexcellent,thetoptwo circuitmerits(CM)ofthefivelistedbelow.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

PerformanceCriteria

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

PerformanceCriteria
ServiceQuality 1.Coverage. 2.Requiredgradeofservice. 3.Numberofdroppedcalls.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

ServiceQuality
Thesystemshouldserveanareaaslargeas possible. Thetransmittedpowerwouldhavetobevery hightoilluminateweakspotswithsufficient reception,asignificantaddedcostfactor. Thehigherthetransmittedpower,theharder itbecomestocontrolinterference.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

Numberofdroppedcalls.
Ahighdropratecouldbecausedbyeither coverageproblemsor handoffproblemsrelatedtoinadequate channelavailability.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

PerformanceCriteria
SpecialFeatures callforwarding, callwaiting, voicestored(VSR)box, automaticroaming,ornavigationservices

www.jntuworld.com

NOEXTRACOST

www.jntuworld.com

UniquenessofMobileRadio Environment

www.jntuworld.com

Mobile radio transmission model.

www.jntuworld.com

ThePropagationAttenuation
thepropagationpathlossincreasesnotonlywith frequencybutalsowithdistance Thepropagationpathlosswouldbe40dB/dec Thismeansthata40dBlossatasignalreceiverwillbe observedbythemobileunitasitmovesfrom1to10 km.

www.jntuworld.com

whereC=receivedcarrierpower R=distancemeasuredfromthetransmittertothe receiver

www.jntuworld.com

Thedifferenceinpowerreceptionattwo differentdistancesR1 andR2 willresultin andthedecibelexpressionis

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

WhenR2 =2R1,DC =12dB;whenR2 =10R1, DC =40dB.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

A typical fading signal received while the mobile unit is moving(SevereFading)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

MobileFadingCharacteristics

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

DelaySpread
thesignaltransmittedfromacellsiteandarriving atamobileunitwillbefromdifferentpaths eachpathhasadifferentpathlength thetimeofarrivalforeachpathisdifferent. Foranimpulsetransmittedatthecellsite,bythe timethisimpulseisreceivedatthemobileunitit isnolongeranimpulsebutratherapulsewitha spreadwidththatwecallthedelayspread.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

CoherenceBandwidth
bandwidthinwhicheithertheamplitudesor thephasesoftworeceivedsignalshaveahigh degreeofsimilarity

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

NoiseLevelinCellularFrequencyBand
TheIgnitionNoise thevehicleignitionnoise 800MHzEmissionNoise AmplifierNoise

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

MarketingImageofHexagonalshaped Cells

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

AnalogCellularSystems DigitalCellularSystems

www.jntuworld.com