48 Part 4

Chapter 18 Concentration of Solutions

A. Multiple Choice Questions = 0.14 mol dm3  0.06 dm3

= 0.0084 mol
1. C. 0.40 M
2. D. 250.0 cm3 2. (a) Number of moles of potassium
3. B. 2. carbonate
4. B. 122.6 g dm3 = Molarity of K2CO3(aq)  Volume
5. A. 0.45 M of solution
6. C. 39.0 250.0
= 2.0 M  dm3
7. C. 90.0 g 1000
= 0.5 mol
B. Fill in the Blanks (b) Concentration of the solution
(g dm3)
1. Molarity = Molarity of K2CO3(aq)  Molar
2. mol dm3 mass of K2CO3
3. molarity = 2.0 mol dm3  (39.1  2 + 12.0 +
4. molarity, mol dm3, solute 16.0  3) g mol1
= 276.4 g dm3
C. Comprehensive Questions (c) Mass of K2CO3
= Number of moles of K2CO3 
1. (a) Concentration of sodium sulphate Molar mass of K2CO3
(g dm3) = 0.5 mol  (39.1  2 + 12.0 + 16.0
Mass of sodium sulphate  3) g mol1
=
Volume of solution = 69.1 g
4.0 g 3.
=
0.200 dm3 Molar
Mass Volume
Number Concen-
Concen-
tration
= 20 g dm3
of of
Substance mass of moles tration
1 solute solution 3 (mol
(g mol ) (mol) (g dm )
(b) Concentration of sodium sulphate (g) (dm3) dm3)
(mol dm3)
(a) KNO3 101.1 7.0 0.050 0.069 140 1.38
 Mass of sodium sulphate 
 
 Molar mass of sodium sulphate 
=
Volume of solution (b) H2SO4 98.1 22.1 0.150 0.225 147.33 1.50
 4.0 g 
 
 ( 23.0  2  321  16.0 4 ) g mol -1 
  (c) NH4Cl 53.5 10.7 0.250 0.2 42.80 0.8
=
0.200 dm 3
= 0.14 mol dm3 (d) Sodium
40.0 7.0 0.200 0.175 35.0 0.875
(c) Number of moles of sodium hydroxide
sulphate in 60.0 cm3 of the solution (e) Potassium
= Concentration of sodium sulphate dihydrogen- 136.1 4.0 0.0145 0.029 275.86 2.0
(mol dm3)  Volume (dm3)
phosphate

Chapter 18 Solutions (EE).doc

 Chapter 18 49

4. (a) Molar mass Na2Cr2O7  2H2O 18.54 g

=
= 23.0  2 + 52.0  2 + 16.0  7 + 0.125 mol
(1.0  2 + 16.0)  2 = 148.32 g mol1
= 298.0 g mol1 Molar mass of X
Number of moles of Na2Cr2O7  = 148.32 – (14.0 + 16.0  3)  2
2H2O = 24.32 g mol1
Mass of Na 2Cr2O7  2H 2O
=
Molar mass of Na 2Cr2O7  2H 2O 6. (a) Sodium phosphate
5.96 g (b) H3PO4(aq) + 3NaOH(aq)
=  Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)
298.0 g mol-1 (c) Number of moles of H3PO4
= 0.02 mol = Molarity of H3PO4(aq)  Volume
Volume of 0.100 M Na2Cr2O7(aq) of H3PO4(aq)
Number of moles of Na 2 Cr2 O 7  2H 2 O
= 500
Molarity of Na 2 Cr2 O 7  aq  = 1.5 mol dm3  dm3
1 000
0.02 mol
= = 0.075 mol
0.100 mol dm 3 According to the equation, the mole
= 0.2 dm3 ratio of H3PO4 : NaOH = 1 : 3.
(b) Concentration of Na2Cr2O7(aq) Number of moles of NaOH
= Molarity of Na2Cr2O7(aq)  Molar = Number of moles of H3PO4  3
mass of Na2Cr2O7  2H2O = 0.075 mol  3
= 0.100 mol dm3  298.0 g mol1 = 0.225 mol
= 29.8 g dm3 Volume of 2.0 M NaOH(aq)
required
5. (a) Concentration of X(NO3)2(aq) Number of moles of NaOH
=
Mass of X(NO3 )2 Molarity of NaOH(aq )
=
Volume of X(NO3 )2 (aq ) 0.225 mol
=
=
18.54 g 2.0 mol dm3
 250.0  3 = 0.112 5 dm3 or 112.5 cm3
  dm (d) Molarity of the salt solution formed
 1 000 
Number of moles of the salt
= 74.16 g dm3 =
(b) Number of moles of X(NO3)2 in the Total volume of the solution
solution 0.075 mol
=
= Molarity of X(NO3)2(aq)  (0.112 5  0.05) dm3
Volume of solution = 0.46 mol dm3
250.0
= 0.50 mol dm3  dm3
1 000 7. (a) Lead(II) chloride
= 0.125 mol (b) 2HCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
(c) Molar mass of X(NO3)2  PbCl2(s) + 2HNO3(aq)
Mass of X(NO3 )2
=
Number of moles of X(NO3 )2

Chapter 18 Solutions (EE).doc

50 Part 4

(c) Because HCl is in excess, Pb(NO3)2 (ii) According to the equation, the
is the limiting reagent. mole ratio of
Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 NaOH : Na2SO4 = 2 : 1.
= Molarity of Pb(NO3)2(aq)  Number of moles of NaOH
Volume of Pb(NO3)2(aq) = 2  Number of moles of
4.0 Na2SO4
= 0.50 mol dm3  dm3
1 000 = 2  0.056 mol
= 0.002 mol = 0.112 mol
According to the equation,  Volume of NaOH required
the mole ratio of Number of moles of NaOH
=
PbCl2 : Pb(NO3)2 = 1 : 1. Molarity of NaOH
Number of moles of PbCl2 0.112 mol
= Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 =
2.0 mol dm-3
= 0.002 mol
= 0.056 dm3
Mass of PbCl2 formed
According to the equation, the
= Molar mass of PbCl2  Number of
mole ratio of H2SO4 : Na2SO4
moles of PbCl2
=1:1
= (207.2 + 35.5  2) g mol1  0.002 Number of moles of H2SO4
mol = Number of moles of Na2SO4
= 0.556 4 g = 0.056 mol
(d) Number of formula units
 Volume of H2SO4 required
= Number of moles of PbCl2  Number of moles of H 2SO4
Avogadro’s constant =
Molarity of H 2SO4
= 0.002 mol  6.02  1023 mol1
0.056 mol
= 1.204  1021 =
1.5 mol dm-3
= 0.037 dm3
8. HKCEE Question
(iii) Molarity of the salt solution
Number of moles of the salt
9. (a) Sodium sulphate =
(b) H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Total volume of the solution
 Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) =
0.056 mol
(0.056  0.037) dm-3
(c) (i) Number of moles of the salt = 0.602 mol dm3
formed
Mass of Na 2SO 4 10. (a) An increase in temperature is
=
Molar mass of Na 2SO 4 measured. Colourless gas bubbles
8.0 g
are formed.
 -1
(b) 2NaOH(aq) + (NH4)2SO4(aq)
(23.0  2  32.1  16.0  4) g mol  2NH3(g) + Na2SO4(aq)
= 0.056 mol + 2H2O(l)
(c) Number of moles of (NH4)2SO4
= Molarity of (NH4)2SO4(aq) 
Volume of (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Chapter 18 Solutions (EE).doc

 Chapter 18 51

25.0 (d) According to the equation, the mole

= 1.5 mol dm3  dm3 ratio of NH3 : NaOH = 1 : 1
1 000
= 0.0375 mol Number of moles of NH3
Number of moles of NaOH = Number of moles of NaOH
= Molarity of NaOH(aq)  Volume = 0.03 mol
of NaOH(aq) Mass of NH3(g)
15.0 = Number of moles of NH3(g) 
= 2.0 mol dm3  dm3 Molar mass of NH3
1 000
= 0.03 mol = 0.03 mol  (14.0 +1.0  3) g mol1
According to the equation, the mole = 0.51 g
ratio of (NH4)2SO4 : NaOH = 1 : 2 (e) Some of the gas dissolves in the
solution.
 0.0375 mole of (NH4)2SO4 needs
0.075 mole of NaOH(aq) for a
11. HKCEE Question
complete reaction. However,
there is only 0.03 mole of NaOH
provided.
 NaOH is the limiting reactant (or
(NH4)2SO4 is in excess).
Number of moles of Na2SO4
1
=  Number of moles of
2
NaOH
1
=  0.03 mol
2
= 0.15 mol
Volume of the solution
= 25.0 cm3 + 15.0 cm3
= 40.0 cm3
 Concentration of the Na2SO4(aq)
(mol dm3)
=
Number of moles of the Na 2SO 4
Volume of Na 2SO 4 (aq )
0.015 mol
=
0.04 dm-3
= 0.375 mol dm3

Chapter 18 Solutions (EE).doc