CYCLONEAILA JOINTUNMULTISECTORASSESSMENT&RESPONSEFRAMEWORK

June2010

 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 2 1 THEDISASTER.................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 2 TheCyclone ........................................................................................................................... 3 TheImpact ............................................................................................................................. 3 BangladeshsCyclonicRiskProfile......................................................................................... 4 NationalEmergencyResponse .............................................................................................. 4 SummaryofGovernmentofBangladeshAssistance ........................................................ 5 SummaryofInternationalDonorAssistance .................................................................... 5 JointMultiSectorAssessmentMethodology ....................................................................... 5

THEASSESSMENT............................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 CurrentSituationAnalysis ..................................................................................................... 6 SectorSpecificAnalysis.......................................................................................................... 7 Education........................................................................................................................... 7 FoodSecurity..................................................................................................................... 8 Health ..............................................................................................................................10 Livelihoods.......................................................................................................................11 Shelter .............................................................................................................................13 WASH...............................................................................................................................15 Movement/InternallyDisplacedPersons......................................................................16

THEWAYFORWARD .....................................................................................................................18 3.1 UNCollectiveResponsePlan ...............................................................................................18

ANNEXURES ..................................................................................................................................37 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 SummaryofInterventionsTargetingPeopleLivingonEmbankments ...............................37 SummaryofCycloneAilaDamagestoSatkhira&KhulnaDistricts .....................................39 Map:AffectedAreaswithSurfaceWater(27May2009) ...................................................40 Map:ImpactofCycloneAilaonKhulna(26May2010) ......................................................41 Map:ImpactofCycloneAilaonSatkhira(26May2010) ....................................................42

CONTACTS .............................................................................................................................................43

INTRODUCTION
A year has passed since Cyclone Aila struck the southwest coast of Bangladesh. In the immediate aftermath of the cyclone there was widespread relief at the relatively low death toll. While the damage was considerable, it was localised and appeared to be well within the capabilities of the GovernmentofBangladeshtorespond. TheGovernmentsresponsemustbenoted.Sincethecyclonestruck,andinspiteofthedeplorable livingconditionsforsome100,000people1whowereforcedintoslumlikesettlementsondamaged and broken embankments, there have been no major disease outbreaks or significant deaths attributed to secondary causes. While the food and water rations people depend on are meagre, they have sustained communities who eagerly await the reconstruction of the embankments necessaryfortheirreturnandrecovery. Theaimofthismultisectorassessmentistoprovideaconcisereviewofthehumanitariansituation in the communities worst affected by Cyclone Aila, together with an analysis of the interventions carriedouttodate,gapsandchallengesastheymovetowardsrecovery.Theoverallobjectiveisto supportdecisionmakersinansweringthequestionwhatnext. The report is based on sectorspecific assessments undertaken over the last 12 months, many recently.UNagencieshavejointlyvisitedtheaffectedcommunitiestoverifyandupdatethisdata, andcontextualise it inlightofthechanging dynamic.Progressonrepairingembankmentsisbeing made,enablingsomecommunitiestobeginthetaskofrecovering.Otherwilllikelyspendanother Monsoon living precariously on the edge of another potential disaster. Others have, and will continueto,migrate. The first section of the report introduces essential information on the disaster and its impact, detailingthecontextinwhichthedisasterstruckandthenationalresponseincludingreliefprovided todate.Anexplanationoftheassessmentmethodologyisalsoprovided. Sectiontwoprovidesanoverviewofthecurrentsituation,followedbysectorspecificanalysisonthe key focus areas WASH, Health, Food Security & Nutrition, Livelihoods, Education and Shelter. In addition,specialattentionhasbeengiventoissuesrelatingtomigration,trafficking,andvulnerable groupsincludingfemaleheadedhouseholds. Thethirdsection,drawingontheanalysisoftheearly sectionandthecurrentcontext,providesa compilation of proposed UNsupported interventions, by agency, under a coordinated and complementaryframework.

JointPositionPaperonCycloneAila:PrioritiesforAction(www.cccm.iom.org.bd)

1 THEDISASTER
1.1 TheCyclone
CycloneAilawasthesecondtropicalcyclonetoformwithintheNorthernIndianOceanduring2009. ThedisturbancethatwastobecomeCycloneAilaformedon21May2009.Overthefollowingdays thedisturbanceslowlyintensifiedintoacyclonicstorm,namedAila,locatedapproximately350kms offshore.CycloneAilabecameaseverecyclonicstormon25May.Thesystemmaintainedacyclonic intensityforapproximately15hoursaftermakinglandfall. Hitting during high tide, the cyclone brought with it tidal surges of up to 6.5 metres, affecting 11 coastal districts. This surge of water damaged and washed away over 1,742kms of embankments, removingtheonlyprotectionavailabletomanypeoplealongthecoast.Thestormlingeredoverthe coast of Bangladesh for a comparatively longer time than Cyclone Sidr (2007), which further increaseditsimpact. Inmanyareasthedamagetothenetworkofembankmentshasresultedinaprolongedcontinuation ofwhataffectedcommunitiesfacedintheimmediateaftermathofthecycloneflooding.Breeches intheembankments,whichbecomesevereduringdailyhightides,andparticularlyduringperiodsof full moon, have prevented the high levels of selfrecovery normally seen in Bangladesh following disasterevents.

1.2 TheImpact
The direct and immediate impact of Cyclone Aila resulted in 190 deaths and approximately 7,100 injuries. In total, over 3.9 million people were affected. Some 100,000 livestock were killed, and nearly350,000acresofcroplandweredestroyed.Italsocausedconsiderableinfrastructurelosses. The damage to the coastal embankment network was severeandhasdirectlycontributedtothecontinuationof the postcyclone scenario (widespread flooding and tidal inundation) currently faced by the worst affected communities.
Sector Households (numberof) Embankments (kilometres) Damage Fully Partially Fully Quantity 243,191 370,587 237

Partially 1,557 South western Bangladesh is a lowlying deltaic flood plain, crisscrossed by hundreds of rivers and channels. Fully 77,486 CropLosses (acres) Communitiesinthisareaaredependentonthe7,500km Partially 245,968 long network of flood embankments for protection from Fully 445 Institutions storms, tidal surges and cyclones. Bangladeshs current (numberof) Partially 4,588 network of embankments dates back to the Coastal Embankment Project of the 1960s. The embankment Fully 2,233 Roads system, which includes polders and sluices, is maintained (kilometres) Partially 6,621 by the central Government, through the Water 157 Development Board. Prior to Cyclone Aila, it was widely Bridges/Culverts Fully Source:DMBSitRep11June2009&BDWB acknowledged that the network of embankments were weakened and vulnerable due to successive cyclone and stormdamageduringtheprecedingtwoyears,includingsuperCycloneSidr,aswellasbystructural damagecausedbytheshrimpindustry,andagenerallackoftimelyandadequatemaintenance.

1.3 BangladeshsCyclonicRiskProfile
Bangladeshscoastalareasandoffshoreislandsarelowlyingandveryflat.Theheightabovemean sealevelofthecoastalzoneislessthanthreemetres.Therangeofastronomicaltidealongthecoast of Bangladesh is so large that storm induced sea levels often become very high. The normal tidal rangeisaboutthreemetresneartheIndianborderinthewest,becominghigherintheeast(central coastal belt) to approximately five metres the mouth of the Meghna estuary. This vulnerability is increasedbyfunnellingcoastlinethatreducesthewidthofstorminducedwavesandincreasestheir height.2 Bangladeshscoastalcommunitiesfrequentlyfacecyclonicstormrisks.InadditiontoCycloneAilain 2009,thesoutheastcoastwasalsoaffectedbyCycloneBijliinApril.InOctober2008,thesouthwest coastwashitbyCycloneRashmi,andinNovemberofthesameyearCycloneSidr,acategoryfour supercyclone,hitthecentralcoastcausingextensivedamageandthelossofover4,000lives.Since 1970, Bangladesh has experienced 36 cyclonic storms resulting on over 450,000 deaths and immeasurableeconomiclosses.

1.4 NationalEmergencyResponse
Following Cyclone Aila, the Government of Bangladesh did not make an international appeal, nor any formal request for external assistance. At the time the relatively low causalities, the localised nature of the affected areas, and the relief resources available resulted in a predominantly Governmentledandresourcedreliefeffort. The Government provided the bulk of relief assistance including food, cash, drinking water, emergency medicine and other nonfood materials to Aila affected communities. Through the GovernmentsVulnerableGroupFeeding(VGF)programmes,infourupazilasofSatkhiraandKhulna districts,atotalof47,810familieshavebeenreceiving20kgricepermonthsinceSeptember2009 andwillcontinuetountilNovember2010.Afurther11,213MTofriceandBDT41.52millionwere distributed through the Governments Gratuitous Relief (GR) programme in four upazilas. The Government also distributed requisite quantity of dry food such as flattened rice, molasses and biscuitsetc.Inaddition,25,000MTofricewasallocatedtosupportembankmentrepair. Under the Governments Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) programme, 4,195 households in twoupazilasofKhulnadistrictand4,720householdsintwoupazilasofSatkhiradistrictarereceiving 30kgricepermonthwhichwillcontinuetillDecember2010.Foodandcashdistributedunderthe GovernmentsVGF,VGDandGRprogrammesaccountforalmost90percentofallreliefassistance. The Government also undertook some emergency repair of embankments to stop sea water inundation, particularly during high tide. Under this 40 day Cash for Work programme, 6,637 householdsintwoupazilasofKhulnaand19,330householdsintwoupazilasofSatkhiraarereceiving taka120perdayfordaylabourwork.ThisprogrammestartedinMarch2010andwillendinMay 2010. Intheagriculturesector,theDepartmentofAgricultureExtension(DAE)providedTAmanriceseed, Bororiceseed,maize,mughbeanseedandfertilizertoaffectedfarmersintwoupazilasofSatkhira district.Todate,theGovernmenthasnotprovidedanysupporttothefisheriesorlivestocksectors.
2

ADPC,CycloneHazardinBangladesh,SirajurRahmanKhan

SummaryofGovernmentofBangladeshAssistance Item Amount GratuitousRice 36,500MT CashGrants 1,288Lakh ShelterGrants(cash) 3,002Lakh FoodAssistance(VGF) 7,649.6MT AgricultureSupport(crop) 3,497Households

1.4.1

Status Completed Completed Completed Ongoing Completed

Source:ReliefDivision,DMB,21April2010&DAEUpazilaOfficers,26May2010

Althoughtherewasanabsenceofaformalappeal,theinternationalcommunityprovidedassistance to a number of international and national organisations and Government agencies working in the mostaffectedareas. 1.4.2 SummaryofInternationalDonorAssistance Donor Amount(USD) Sector(s)/Activity(ies) ECHO 11.93million FoodAssistance,Health&WASH EU 6.63million Shelters DFID 1.58million NFIs,SettlementSupport(throughIOM) SDC 1.31million Livelihoods&WASH GovernmentofSpain .66million FoodAssistance(throughWFP) WFP 18.5million FoodAssistance UNICEF 1.5million/.54million WASH/Education/Health/Nutrition /.75million FAO .5million Agriculture UNDP .25million Livelihoods WHO .10million EmergencyMedicine&WASH TOTAL 44.25million
Date:26May2010

1.5 JointMultiSectorAssessmentMethodology
TheUNCountryTeam(UNCT)agreedon19April2010thatajointmultisectorassessmentwouldbe undertaken on the prevailing situation in the Cyclone Aila affected areas. The objective of the assessment was to provide the UNCT with a concise review of the humanitarian situation in the communitiesworstaffectedbyCycloneAila,togetherwithananalysisoftheinterventionscarried outtodate,currentgapsandaresponseframework.3 The damage and destruction caused by Cyclone Aila is now 12 months old. During this time, a number of UN agencies have supported various sectorspecific damage and needs assessments,4 andthelevelofstatisticalinformation,andotherdata,maintainedandprovidedbytheGovernment andothernongovernmentactors,isconsideredtobelargelyaccuratealbeitdatedinsections. Therefore,themultisectorassessmentfocusedonthekeysectorsofWASH,Health,FoodSecurity& Nutrition, Livelihoods, Education and Shelter. In addition, special attention was given to issues relatingtomigration,trafficking,andvulnerablegroupsincludingfemaleheadedhouseholds.

3
4

CycloneAilaUNRapidAssessment:TermsofReference

UNICEF(WashClusterCollectiveAssessmentApril2010),WFP(FoodSecuritySurveyAug2009),WHO(HealthClusterNeedsAssessment 2009),UNDP(RapidAssessmentJune2009)andIOM(AssessmentSeptember2009).

AttherequestoftheUNCT,UNDPcoordinatedtheassessmentwithotheragenciestakingthelead inthefollowingsectors: Sector LeadAgency Education UNICEF FoodSecurity&Nutrition WFP(withFAO) Health WHO(withUNFPA) Livelihoods FAO(withUNDP) Shelter UNDP(withIOM) WASH UNICEF Movement/IDPs IOM TheworstaffecteddistrictsSatkhiraandKhulnaweretheprimarygeographicalfocus. Given the considerable volume and quality of data available, the assessment drew primarily from availablesectorspecificinformation.Thefollowingmethodswerethenusedtovalidateandupdate thefindings: Primary information sources selected field visits to validate secondary information and baseline; Secondarysourcesofinformationprimarilydrawnfromexistingassessmentswasusedto buildupbaselineinformationonCycloneAilafrombothGovernmentandnonGovernment sources; Qualitative data verification focus group discussions; local government meetings and interviews; community group meetings; guided walkabout observations; and household interviews. The assessment sought to take stock of the current context, local capacities to manage early recoveryprogrammes,andtheneedsofvulnerablecommunitiesvisvisthecontinuationofrelief assistanceandthetransitiontoearlyrecovery.

2 THEASSESSMENT
2.1 CurrentSituationAnalysis
In addition to the concentrated and largescale damage Cyclone Aila caused in various unions, primarily of Satkhira and Khulna districts, the cyclone created disparities across affected communitiesinpeoplesabilitytoworkfromreliefdependencytowardsselfsustainedrecovery.In effect,therearetwodevelopingpostdisasterpictures. Thefirstisofacontinuedandlikelyongoingscenarioofrelianceonreliefandhighvulnerabilityto futuredisastershocks.Thesecommunitiesareunabletocommencetheprocessofselfrecoveryas theyremainontheembankments,withoutsecureaccesstodrinkingwater,sanitation,livelihoodsor sufficient food. Families remain in the precarious situation of living on damaged embankments, exposedtotheelementsandwithoutsecureshelterandarereliantontherepairandreconstruction

of the embankments in order for them to return. In the medium term, these families will need ongoingrelief,withadditionalsupporttopreparethemtowithstandasecondMonsoonseason. Thesecondpictureseesfamilieswhohavereturnedtorecentlyinundatedvillages.Whilethereisa degreeofselfrecovery,externalsupportforthereestablishmentoflocalservicessuchasschools and health centres, as well the reconstruction of locallevel infrastructure such as water and sanitation, community roads and spaces, is needed. Perhaps most importantly, in terms of supporting selfrecovery, is the creation of income generating activities. PreAila livelihoods have beenseverelyaffectedacrossallmajorsectors.Agriculturewillnotbeviableuntilthelevelofsalinity is reduced in the soil, and fisheries, primarily shrimp cultivation, will require the repair and reconstructionofponds. Whileallmembersofthepopulationintheseareaswereseverelyaffected,womenandchildren,the elderly,andthedisabledhavespecificvulnerabilitiesthatmakeitharderforthemtorecoverunless emergencyresponseinterventionsadequatelyaddresstheirspecificneeds.

2.2 SectorSpecificAnalysis
2.2.1 Education According to the Disaster Management Bureau, Cyclone Aila destroyed 445 education facilities/institutions and partially damaged 4,588 across all affected districts, impacting approximately500,000children.Schoolfurnitureandteachinglearningmaterialswerereportedto bebadlyaffectedinallaffecteddistricts. ARapidEducationNeedsAssessment,previouslyundertakenbytheEducationCluster,conductedin the six most severely affected districts of Khulna, Bagerhat, Satkhira, Barisal, Barguna and Patuakhali. The Assessment verified the Government data and found that over 20 percent of institutionswerebeingusedassheltersbyaffectedcommunities. DuringdiscussionswiththeUNAssessmentTeam,UpazilaandDistrictEducationOfficers,teachers andlocalgovernmentofficialssightedthefollowingaskeyimmediateneeds: AppointmentofParateachersforeducationattheparalevel Hygiene,sanitationanddrinkingwatersupportforeducationalinstitutions Smallgrantsforallaffectedschoolstosupportrecoveryefforts Therepairofdamagededucationalinstitutesinboththeformalandnonformalsector Primaryhealthcareforschoolchildren Thedistributionofeducationandcommunicationmaterials Schooldress(functionalforbothinandoutofschool) Nutritionsupportforaffectedstudents Inaddition,educationstakeholdershighlightongoingcommunication/transportationissues,forboth teachers and students, as a major barrier. The health and nutritional status of children was a growing concern, particularly as school facilities were destroyed and are contributing to poor hygiene. While exact figures were not obtainable, particularly as many schools are in transition, therewasconsiderableconcernaroundthenumberofpotentialdropoutsduetoincreasinglevels ofchildlabour.

2.2.2 FoodSecurity PovertyandfoodinsecurityiswidespreadintheCycloneAilaaffectedareasofthecountry.More thantwothirdsofthepopulation(67percent)infourupazilasofSatkhiraandKhulnadistricts(the areasworstaffectedbythecyclone)areoriginallypoor,andconsuming2,122kcals/person/dayor less. More than half (55 percent) are extremely poor and food insecure, consuming 1,805 kcal/person/dayorless. The recent Poverty Estimates, calculated by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, WFP and World Bank, indicates that 65 percent and 58 percent of the population of Shyamnagar and Assasuni upazilasrespectivelyofSatkhiradistrictareextremepoor(belowthelowerpovertyline),andthat forKoiraandDacopupazilasofKhulnadistrictare35percentand60percent. The impact of Aila on household food security is particularly severe as a major percentage of households in those cyclone prone areas were already suffering from high poverty and food insecurityasindicatedabove.Moreover,thesehouseholdsexperiencedtheimpactofCycloneSidr andhighfoodpriceshockin2007fromwheretheyhavenotrecoveredfully. Thetwomajorlivelihoodsintheaffectedareas,farmingandfishing,sufferedsignificantdamageand loss due to continuous inundation of paddy fields and shrimp ghers/ fish ponds by saline water. AccordingtotheDepartmentofAgricultureExtension,onlyaminorportionoftotalcroplandinfour upazilas was possible to bring under cultivation after Aila and approximately 7080 percent crop productionwaslost.AnestimatebytheDepartmentofFisheriesandFAOindicatesthatproduction ofshrimpwasreducedfromnormalyears2,350.14kg/hto470.03kg/h.Sincethecyclone,Aman ricecultivationhasnotbeenpossibleduetoincreasedsalinityinthesoilandvastareaofcropland stillbeinginundatedregularlyduetobrokenembankmentsandhightidestwiceaday. Households were experienced severe shock as they entirely or partially lost their housing and productiveassetsofhighermonetaryvalue.Animalassetsaswellasagriculturalcrops,shrimpghers, agrimachineries,fishponds,boats/trawlers,trees/orchards,rickshaws/bicyclesaresomeexamples oftheirassetloss.AccordingtoAgricultureExtensionDepartment,amajorportionofcroplandin fourupazilasinKhulnaandSatkhiradistrictswereinundatedbysalinewaterandstandingcropwas fully destroyed. Cultivated homestead and shrimp gher side vegetables and fruits were also fully damaged.Inthefisheriessector,shrimpcultivationwasworstaffectedwhichisthemainlivelihood andmorethan60percentpeopleinvolvedinthissector.AsAilahitwasduringtheharvesttime,100 percentofexportgradeshrimpswerewashedaway.Sweetwaterpondfisheswerealsodestroyed andfurthersweetwaterfishcultivationwasnotpossibleaspondswereinundatedbysalinewater. Inthelivestockandpoultrysector,thedamagewasveryheavyandmorethan80percenthousehold cows,goats,sheep,chickenandduckswerewashedaway. Themarketplaysanimportantroleinensuringfoodsecurityincommunities.DuetoAila,alllocal marketswereseverelydamagedandcommunitiesfaceddifficultiesinbuyingfood.Physicalaccess tomarkets had been disrupted in someof the worst affected areas duetobreaches of roads and embankments. In some remote areas, boats were the only vehicle for the transportation of food items. However, many boats were also damaged causing transportation disruption, and subsequently transportation costs have gone up, resulting in price increases of essential food and nonfood items. Retailers and small traders are not making adequate profit due to low selling volumeandlackoffinancial/microcreditsupport.Asaresult,theyfailedtorebuildthemarketand 8

wereunabletostockessentialfoodandnonfooditemsinlinewithdemand.Furthermore,micro credit organizations have stopped providing new loans since Aila, and are pushing for payback of previousloans. Overall food availability at district and upazila levels is satisfactory but the main challenge is accessibility in affected areas. People are buying less due to income loss and price increase of essential food commodities in the local market since Aila hit. Affected people mentioned during communitylevelinterviewsthatthemostdramaticpriceincreasesareforcoarserice(40percent), lentils (18 percent), and wheat flour (4.5 percent). The main reason for income loss is the fall in agricultural and fishing activities which significantly affected the labor market and subsequently diminished employment opportunities. Casual laborers found only 710 days work per month, comparedto2025daysinanormalyear. Even after one year of Aila, evidence shows that a significant number of affected people are still suffering from food insecurity. Due to the loss of livelihoods and decreases in income, poor householdstypicallyreducetheirfoodpurchasesandcompromisetheirfoodconsumptionhabitby havingfewermealsperday,lessquantityfoodpermealandlessnutrientrichfooditems,whichcan result in undernutrition and deficiencies in essential micronutrient. The majority of the affected populationarenotinapositiontoaffordthreemealsadayandareunabletobuybasicfooditems beyond rice and pulse. The situation is even worse for children under two years of age who are extremely vulnerable to the effects of poor food quality and quantity. Adequate complementary feeding with ageappropriate foods, as well as continued breastfeeding, is needed to reduce their risksformalnutrition. The national Household Food Security and Nutrition Assessment Report (HFSNA 2009) by WFP, UNICEF and Institute of Public Health Institute (IPHN) found that in 20072008, one in four (25 percent) households was food insecure in Khulna division based on household food consumption patterns. In terms of nutritional status of children under 5 years of age, the study showed that stunting (low heightforage) was classified as a high severity situation (WHO > 40 percent) in Khulnadivisionandinthecountrysfiveotherdivisions,too.Thepopulationinthisareahadnotyet fullyrecoveredfromtheeffectsofCycloneSidrandglobalhighfoodpricesshockwhenCycloneAila hit. Specially children, elderly, lactating and pregnant mothers were unable to have proper recommendednutritiousfoodsaccordingtotheageandgenderspecificdailykcalneeds.
ExistingFoodSecurityNeedinfourWorstAffectedUpazilas
Upazila Upazila Population 350,419 278,346 215,015 175,878 1,019,658 Approximate No.of Households 70,084 55,669 43,003 35,176 203,932 No.of Households Affected 48,457 37,403 38,514 29,832 154,206 SelfRecovered (withGoBor Donors Assistance) 29,074 22,442 23,108 17,899 92,523 Gap (currentlyinneedofassistance) Returnedhomeor otherplaces 17,183 13,761 12,597 4,228 47,769 61,683 Stilllivingon Embankment

Shyamna Assasuni Koyra Dacope Total

2,200 1,200 2,809 7,705 13,914

Source:UNJointAilaAssessmentMission,May2010

The UN Assessment Team identified during the field visit in four upazilas in Satkhira and Khulna districtsthatoutofatotalof203,932households,154,206households(76percent)wereaffected during Aila. On an average, 90100 percent houses were damaged either fully or partially in four upazilasandapproximately102,000peoplewereforcedtotakeshelteronembankmentsandother places. The community people and local government officials mentioned during the discussion sessions that around 60 percent of the affected people have recovered more or less by getting support from GoB, UN and/or NGOs. The remaining 40 percent affected households i.e., approximately60,000householdscouldnotrecoverduetolossoflivelihoodsandlossofproductive assets like houses,crops,livestock, poultry,fishes/shrimps, fishingboats/netsetc.Either their loss was huge or they didnt get enough support to recover fully. They still require food/cash and livelihood support. The UN assessment team found that, out of those 60,000 households, approximately 14,000 households are still residing on embankments and are seriously in need of foodanddrinkingwater.TheywillbemorevulnerableduringtheforthcomingMonsoonseasonand the risk will be even higher if rising water intrudes through breached embankments. The special concernisthattherepairedembankmentshavealreadybeendamagedfurtherbyhightidesinthe recentdays. Insummary,theoverallfoodsecurityconditionofthesecommunitieswasseverelyaffectedbyAila and affected households could not recover due to total loss of livelihoods and productive assets. Livelihoodrestoration, mainly farming and fishing, was also notpossible due tomajor breaches in embankmentsandcontinuousinundationofcroplandandshrimp/fishpondsforthelastoneyear sinceAilahit.Althoughtheworstaffectedpopulationreceivedminimumamountofassistancefrom the Government and nongovernment agencies, that assistance proved to be inadequate against theirrequirements.Asaresult,theirfoodsecurityandnutritionsituationisofseriousconcernnow. 2.2.3 Health Following Cyclone Aila a health sector rapid needs assessment was conducted jointly by the DirectorateGeneralofHealthServicesandWHOfrom29Mayto2June2009.Structuraldamageof healthfacilitieswasfoundtobeinsignificant,howeverhealthcareservicesweretotallydisruptedat all unions of Assasuni and Shyamnagar upazila in Satkhira district, due to inundation of hospital compounds,damageofroads,andthedisruptionofpowersupply,aswellaswaterandsanitation services. Therewereshortagesinemergencymanagement(especiallytraineddoctorsandparamedics)across every health facility level. Stocks of emergency medicines like ORS, IV fluids, and antibiotics were sufficient, but emergency medical equipments like ambo bags, pulse oximeter, nebulizer, oxygen masks and cylinders were not available. Also some equipment, such as Xray machines and ambulances,werenonfunctioning. AspartoftheCycloneAilaresponse,theGovernmentimmediatelyprovidedoverUSD100,000value of emergency drugs and over 70,000 IV cholera saline to the affected areas prepositioned by UNICEF,andabout9,500diarrhoealand14,000ARIcasesandvariousotherinfectionswererapidly managed using the UNICEFsupplied drugs and IV saline. 10,500 children aged nine to 11 months wereimmunisedagainstmeaslesintheAilaaffectedareasthroughmobilisingroutinevaccinesand suppliesmadeavailablethroughtheGovernment.

10

In its emergency nutritional response to Cyclone Aila, UNICEF distributed 166 metric tonnes of supplementary, highenergy biscuits to 62,457 children aged six to 59 months, 2,327 pregnant women and 6,732 lactating mothers in three highlyaffected areas of Khulna and Satkira districts. The Government, with UNICEF and WHO support, issued a Joint Statement on Infant Feeding in Emergencies and Appropriate Use of Breastmilk Substitutes during Emergencies. The Bangla translationswerewidelydistributedtoalldistrictandsubdistricthealthandgovernmentofficials. One year on from Cyclone Aila, the UN Assessment Team found that the structural situation of health centres has deteriorated due to the lack of reconstruction work. Although the first assessment showed minor damage in the health sector and no significant outbreak of disease occurred,giventhattherewasverylimitedsupportforrehabilitationofaffectedpeople,theoverall situation in the worst affected areas has worsened. The recent Assessment revealed that health facilitiesare severelyunderstaffed and are barely abletoprovideeventhemostbasic healthcare services.Thoselivingontheembankmentswerefoundtobesufferingfromarangeofdiseaseslike diarrhoea,skininfection,andpneumoniaetc.Alsomostcultivablelandremainsinundatedbysaline water,cropsandvegetablesarenotgrowingresultinginmicronutrientdeficiencyandmalnutrition. Sincethecatchmentareaforupazilahealthcomplexesareverysmall,andthecommunitiesarefar away,inadditiontothenonavailabilityofadequatehealthcareatthesehealthfacilities,affected peoplearenotabletovisithealthcomplexes,unionhealthcentresandcommunityclinics.Forthese reasons, affected people are compelled to receive treatment from their nearby village doctors (indigenous medical practitioners). The village doctors and birth attendants were found to have insufficient or, in some case, no training and were unaware of basic treatment protocols for commonailments.Giventhesituationformanypeopleontheembankments,therewerereportsof psychosocial depressive illnesses. However these remain untreated as there is no psychosocial supportactivitiesbeingprovided. Althoughtherehasbeennoincreaseinthenumberofdeathsorlargescaleoutbreaksofdiseaseto date,thiscouldreflectimpropersurveillance.Itwasfoundthatmostpregnantwomenlivingonthe embankmentsaredeliveringtheirbabiesintheirsheltersontheembankments,withtheassistance of a Traditional Birth Attendant, if available. Focus group discussions revealed that many women wouldliketodelaytheirnextpregnancyuntiltheyareinmoresuitablelivingconditions.However limited reproductive health and family planning services are currently being offered at health facilities servicing the affected areas, and visits to most affected unions by FWVs or NGO workers providingFamilyPlanningServicesaresporadicandinsufficient. 2.2.4 Livelihoods Prior to Cyclone Aila, the majority of people in affected areas were largely selfsufficient. Many people cultivated vegetables and fruits around their homestead, and on the bank of the gher. Following the Cyclone, most agricultural land in the affected areas has been damaged, with much previouslycultivatablelandeitherinundatedwithwaterorwithhighlevelsofsalinizationofthesoil. ThemajorcropsdestroyedwereAusrice,juteandvegetables.Totaldamagedcropareawas9,712 hectares.Inaddition,communitiesreportedahighdegreeofhomesteadbasedpoultryandlivestock rearing prior to the cyclone. According to the Department of Livestock Services, the cyclone destroyedmorethan80percentofanimals(goat/sheep2,150andchicken/duck46,236).Thevast majority of livestock or poultry that survived the cyclone was sold immediately after at a reduced 11

price, due to the lack of fodder, limited space to keep the animals, and/or the need to generate cash. Riceproductionwasverylimitedintheaffectedareasasmostcultivablelandsuitableforricewas beingusedforshrimpcultivationpriortothecyclone.However,thescenariowaschanginginsome areas,suchasDacopeupazila,aspeoplewerereturningtoriceproductionfortheirmainsourcesof livelihood.ThiswaspreviouslythestablecropacrossthewholeofKhulnaandSatkhiradistrictssome 20yearsago.Duetotheinundationofsalinewater,soilfertilityhasdecreasedsignificantly. During focus group discussions, the Assessment Team was informed that based on traditional knowledge,thecommunityestimatesthatitwilltakethreetofouryearsbeforethelandregainsits fullcropproductioncapacity.
Upazila Baseline(immediateafterAila) Crop (Ha.) Livestock(no.) Goat sheep 359 18 1,562 211 2,150 Chick Duck 22,808 628 12,000 10,000 45,436 Fishery (Ha.) Update(coveredbyGOBanddonor agencies) Livestock(no.) Crop Fishery (Ha.) (Ha) Goat Chick Sheep Duck 500 130 54 2,241 2,925 Gap(needsassistance) Crop (Ha.) Livestock(no.) Goat Sheep 359 18 1,562 211 2,150 Chick Duck 22,808 628 12,000 10,000 45,436 Fishery (Ha.) 13,024 10,636 10,364 4,861 38,885

Syamngar Asasuni Koira Dakop Total

776 52,208 2,008 6,720 9,712

13,024 10,636 10,364 4,861 38,885

276 78 1,954 4,479 6,787

Source:UNJointAssessment,May2010

Themainlivelihoodsourceinaffectedareasisfishing,withmorethan60percentofpeopledirectly, or indirectly, involved in the sector: around 38,885 hectors of shrimp ghers and sweet fish ponds weredamagedbythecyclone.Thecyclonehitasthesectorwaspreparingtoharvesttheseasons firstoutput,meaningthatallreadytoexport(grade)shrimpwaswashedaway.Asearlierstated, accordingtotheDepartmentofFisheriesandFAO,overallproductionisdown80percent. Oneyearonthesectorremainsinruins.MostoftheghersandpondsthatweredamagedbyAilaare still inundated, due to the broken embankments, corresponding income losses and the capital intensivecostsofrestartingproduction.Daylaborers(mostlyfemale)andsmalltradersinvolvedin collectingshrimpfromthefarmsandsellingtomainlandwholesalershavebeenseriouslyaffected. Peoplereportedthattheyhaveeitherlostboatsinthecyclone,unabletomeetthecostofrepairing damaged boats, or had to sell boats to meet daytoday costs of living. Many extreme poor, especiallywomen,werereportedtohaveengagedincatchingshrimpfry.However,whencompared to before Aila, prices have decreased by five times due the dramatic fall in demand. While other fishingopportunitiesareavailable,thecapitalinvestment(boats,netsetc)requiredtoaccessthese opportunitieshasrestrictedmany,particularlythepoor,fromaccessingthese. The Sundarbans is one of the largest sources of livelihood in Khulna and Satkhira districts. The Government imposed restrictions on entering the forest after Cyclone Sidr (2007) to allow for its naturalrecovery.Localpeopleareallowedtoentertheforestduringathreemonthperiod(March to May) after obtaining permission from the Department of Forestry. Forest livelihood includes collectionofGolpata(forestleaves),honey,fodder,timber,fishandcrab.Aspeoplelostboatsand tools during Aila, they are now reporting difficulty entering and working in the forest during this years working season (MarchMay). Moreover, as many failed to pay back previous loans, due to 12

lossesfollowingCycloneAila,microcreditprovidershavenotprovidedfurtherloanstosupporttheir livelihoodreestablishmentthisyear. Thisfallinagriculturalandfishingactivitiessignificantlyaffectedthelocallabourmarketsandhasled todecreasedemploymentopportunitiesandincomeforagricultureandfishingwagelabourers.The labourwagerateforpaddycultivationhasbeenreducedfromaround150takaperdayperperson, beforeAila,to100120takaimmediatelyafterAila.Moreover,casuallabourersfoundonlysevento tendaysworkpermonth,comparedto2025daysinanormalyear. Currentlythereisverylimitedscopeforcommunities(eitherlivingontheembankmentsorforthose whohavereturnedtotheirpreviouslyinundatedland)toreengageintheirpreviouslivelihoodgiven the dominance of the largely destroyed shrimp industry. The Assessment Team did observe a numberofopportunitieswhereaffectedcommunitiescoulddiversify(albeittemporarilyforsome) intoothersectors,howeverthiswillrequireexternalsupport. 2.2.5 Shelter Inaffectedareastraditionalhouses(85percent)wereconstructedlargelyfromearthenwalls,with wood to stabilise the structure, and a roof of leaves from the golpata plant, collected from the adjacent Sunderbans. These houses immediately collapsed and washed away following the inundation caused by the collapse of the embankments. According to the loss and damage statementpreparedbytheDistrictAdministrationinJuly2009,5thenumberofhouseholdsaffected byCycloneAilainthefourworstaffectedupazilaswasapproximately76percent.
NameofUpazila Shyamnagar Assasuni Koyra Dacope Total Upazila Population 350,419 278,346 215,015 175,878 1,019,658 #ofhouseholds affectedbyAila 48,457 37,403 38,514 29,832 154,206 #fully destroyed 87,342 12,375 23,820 25,067 148,604 #partially destroyed 9,574 25,700 18,620 8,349 62,243

Breakdownofthetotalnumberofpopulationvisvisdamagesinthesheltersector

Without the repair of the damaged embankments, communities will be unable to return to their villages to rebuild their houses. Any form of shelter support should be looked at critically and analyzed, taking into consideration the various needs and settlements of the displaced. For those who have returned to their homesteads, more durable structures may be considered as well as transitional shelters. Those living on the embankments need immediate support. Land is also not available to build transitional shelter in these areas due to continuous inundation in most unions. The shelters on the embankments are far below the minimum standard and they are mostly one roommakeshifthutswithoutanyspaceforprivacy,andareextremelyvulnerabletothemonsoon. Thecapacitytomakeuseandactondisasterearlywarningsisalsoveryinadequate. Withtherepairofthebreachedembankmentsongoing,peopletakingshelterontheembankments havestartedretuningtotheirvillages.However,theUNAssessmentTeamfoundthatnearly14,000 familiesarestilllivingontheembankmentsinaslumlikestate.
UpazilawisedamageandlossstatementpreparedbyDRRO,Satkhiraon22July2009

13

NumberofPeopleonEmbankmentsinKhulnaandSatkhiraDistricts #ofVGF Upazila #ofAffected District Upazila Cardholders Population Households inUpazila Koyra 215,015 38,514 27,310 Khulna Dacope 175,878 29,832 10,500 Shyamnagar 350,419 48,457 9,500 Satkhira Assasumi 278,346 37,403 500 TOTAL 1,019,658 154,206 47,810

#ofFamilieson Embankments 2,809 7,705 2,200 1,200 13,914

Source:UNJointAssessmentTeamMay2010

Experience from the Cyclone Sidr response in the shelter sector suggests that selfrecovery in this sector is approximately 70 percent. However, discussion with relevant stakeholders at different levelssuggeststhat,theselfrecoveryinthesheltersectorinAilaaffectedareasmaynotbesohigh. While Sidraffected people remained mostly in their respective homesteads, following the event, Ailaaffectedpeoplewereforcedtoleavetheirhomesteadsandtakeshelterontheembankments. Moreover,thescopeforonfarmlivelihoodrecoveryisquiterestrictedinaffectedareasduetothe saline and inundated land. Offfarm livelihood opportunities are also not feasible for a significant proportion of affected people living in ruralslum like conditions. Although difficult to ascertain, concernedstakeholdersbelievethat60percentofaffectedhouseholdsmaybeabletorecoverby themselves, while 40 percent of households will require external shelter assistance. Based on this premise,about60,000familieswouldrequireexternalassistanceforrecoveryinthesheltersector acrosstheworstaffectedareas.TheassistanceprovidedbytheGovernmentandNGOshasfocused primarilyonrepairandreconstructionofpartiallydamagedhouses,andthereisthusanunmetgap inthesectorofapproximately60,000households.
ExistingShelterGapintheFourWorstAffectedUpazilas Upazila Shyamnagar Assasuni Koyra Dacope TOTAL #ofHousesAffected 48,457 37,403 38,514 29,832 154,206 #ofDestroyed Houses 87,342 12,375 23,820 25,067 148,604 Assumed SelfRecovery 52,405 7,425 14,292 15,040 89,162 GapinFully Destroyed Households 34,936 4,950 9,528 10,026 59,440

Source:UNJointAssessmentTeam,May2010

With the Monsoon season approaching, more durable roofing materials such as tarpaulins and ground sheets are immediately required for the 14,000 embankment dwellings. In addition, a number of families who have already returned to their villages also require temporary shelter assistance. Therefore, the total number of households requiring temporary shelter assistance immediatelyisestimatedtobeapproximately16,000. TheAssessment Team found thatfor those families whichhavemovedfromtheembankmentsto their homesteads and are trying to repair/rebuild their houses, immediate support is need in the form of shelter toolkits (including rope, roof screws, nails of different sizes, GI wire of different grades,woodensaws,shovelsandhoes)tosupportselfrecoveryefforts.

14

2.2.6 WASH Prior to Cyclone Aila, affected areas experienced significant water scarcity with high saline levels found in groundwater. Therefore people dependent mostly on surface water bodies. The cyclone resulted in saline intrusion over the surface water resources making them unfit for drinking. The WASHsectorassessment,carriedoutduringMayandJune2009,foundthatsome4,000protected ponds, 1,000 pondsand filters, and 13,000 tubewells were damaged. This damage has adversely affected water supply coverage by 50 percent. In addition, over 210,000 household latrines were fullyorpartiallydamaged,accountingfor 32percentofthetotal sanitationcoverage inthesetwo districts.6 One year on from the disaster, the situation continues to be precarious for about 672,000 people spread over 19 unions of Assasuni, Dacope, Koyra, Paikgacha, Shyamnagar and Tala upazilas in Khulna and Satkhira districts. The situation is compounded by the discontinuation of many basic WASH emergency interventions for displaced people. It was found that the frequency of the DepartmentofPublicHealthEngineering(DPHE)watertruckinghasbeenreducedtoonceaweek inmanylocations.TheAssessmentTeamconfirmedtheneedforongoingwatertruckingforsome 120,000 displaced people across six unions Dakkin Bedkhashi, Gabura, Kamarkhola, Maheshwaripur,Padmapukur,andSutarkhali. Better organisation amongst the NGOsupported activities is also needed as unorganised water distributionwasfoundtobesupportingthecaptureofwaterbymorepowerfulhouseholdsatthe costofthemostvulnerable,particularlywomenheadedhouseholds.Theaveragedistancetravelled byahouseholdtosecuredrinkingwaterwasfoundtobefourkilometres,withthedistancevarying fromtwotosixkilometresacrosscommunities.Waterrationinghasbeenintroducedinsomeareas toreducepotentialinequalitiesinaccess. The Assessment Team estimates that 1,600 public/shared latrines are in need of repair, with a further 1,600 new latrines needed for displaced people at their present shelters on the embankments. At present the 3,900 latrines available for the displaced communities is grossly inadequatewithabouttenhouseholdssharingonelatrine.Thisisofparticularconcernforwomen and children, who have different hygiene needs and are at higher risk of contracting skinborne diseases,RTIsandotherreproductivehealthdiseases. Hygiene promotion efforts were found to be inadequate, inconsistent and irregular. Most programmeswerefoundtobeengagingpaidcommunityworkersforhygienepromotionsessions, yet due to inadequate monitoring, the sessions are not continued regularly. This in part can be attributedtotheabsenceofanenablingenvironment,suchasnonavailabilityofpotablewaterto supportablution,bathingandcleaning. It is important to note that the water supply and sanitation situation was worsened following CycloneAila,in 46unionsofAssasuni,Dakop,Koyra,Paikghacha,Shyamnagarand Talaupazilas in KhulnaandSatkhiradistricts,withdamageofover1,140protectedponds,786pondsandfiltersand 6,000 tubewells. In addition, 130,000 household latrines were fully or partially damaged in these unionsaffectingover60percentofpeople.Oneyearon,thesituationhasimprovedinhalfofthese unionsleavingbehind19mostaffectedunions.
6

TheprojectedpopulationinKhulnaandSatkhirais2,163,000and1,1790,000respectivelyfortheyear2010

15

Itisestimatedthatpresentlyonly43percentofpeoplehaveaccesstoimprovedwaterpointsand51 percent of people have access to a latrine within these 19 most affected unions. To return to the precyclone scenario, at least another 50 percent of people need secure water from improved sourcesandfurther49percentofpeopleneedaccesstohouseholdlatrines. Assuming10percentofpeoplewillbeinapositiontoimprovetheirwatersupplysituationwithout external assistance, 40 percent of people in the most affected 19 unions, approximately 268,800 people,needimprovedwatersupplysupporttoraisecoverageto93percent7.Assuming100people i.e.20householdswillneedafunctionalwaterpoint,thenumberofwaterpointsneededis2,688. The areas, being water scarce, are mostly dependent on surface water and cannot be served by tubewells alone. Improved water sources, in affected areas, could be secured by pondcleaning, pondimprovement,rehabilitationofdefunctpondsandfilters,installationofnewpondsandfilters, repairofdefuncttubewells,andinstallationofnewtubewells. 45 percent people i.e. 330,000 people of the most affected 19 unions need support for sanitary latrines.TheWASHclusterestimatesapossibilityofselfrehabilitationof15percent.Amongstthe rest 10 percent i.e. 6,600 households will require support for the rehabilitation of their existing latrinesand24percenti.e.15,840householdswillrequiresupportforthenewlatrineinstallation. 2.2.7 Movement/InternallyDisplacedPersons Cyclone Aila resulted in the displacement of an estimated 76,478 families, of whom 25,928 were found to be living on damaged embankments. In Khulna 16,651 families were living on embankments in Koyra and Dacope alone.8 Most IDPs are still living on embankments, innerring roads and on other high strips of land. The precarious situation of the affected communities has resulted in increased migration to urban centres, with longterm implications of the displaced families. According to the ECHO partners' assessment (October 2009), after Cyclone Aila, approximately40,000peoplemigratedfromtheKoyraUpazilaofKhulnadistrictalone.Thefigureis around30,000inPaikgacha,18,000inDacopeand12,000inBatiaghata. Since November 2009, an average of one in four families has left their IDP settlement, to either returntotheirhomes,orhavemovedtoanothersaferruralorurbanarea.FollowingtheUNJoint Assessment, the number of families currently on the embankment, and likely to remain over the Monsoonperiod,isapproximately14,000.
District Upazila Union DakkinBedkhashi KoyraSadar Maheshwaripur UttarBedkhashi Bagali Moharapur Kamarkhola Sutarkhali SubTotal #ofFamilieson Embankments 893 315 820 179 132 470 2,865 4,840 10,514

Koyra Khulna

Dacope
7

TherecoveryinterventionisexpectedtobringthewatersupplycoverageuptoprecycloneAilaleveli.e. 83%. 8 ThesefiguresarefromtheDCsofficeinKhulna

16

Shyamnagar Satkhira Assasuni

Gabura Padmapukur Protapnagar AssasuniSadar Siruil SubTotal TOTAL

1,000 1,200 600 400 200 3,400 13,914

Source:UNJointAssessment,May2010

In discussions with the Assessment Team, a common concern raised by families living on the embankmentswastheforthcomingMonsoonandtherisktheyfacedifrisingwaterintrudesthrough broken embankments and worsens the situation. These families are monitoring the repair of embankments, through cash for work or other programmes, with caution as some repaired areas havealreadybeendamagedbyhightidesinApril.Thereisalevelofscepticismamongmanyfamilies about the durability of the repaired embankments and whether they will be able to withstand anotherstorm,hightideortheMonsoonseason. Severalfamiliesreportedlyattemptedtoreturntotheirhomesteadsbutcamebackafterobserving theinhabitableconditionsintheirvillages.Whilewaterhastemporarilyrecededinsomeareas(on averagetwowardsineachunion),lowlyinglandcontinuestobeinundatedduringhightide.Some familiesreportedtheirintentiontomoveawayfromthecurrentareasforvariousreasons,including forincomegeneratingactivities,betteraccesstoresources,orimprovedsecurityetc. Approximately 78 percent and 73 percent of families living on the embankments in Gabura and Padmapukur unions, respectively, have returned to their homes or left the area. Only one whole settlementofProtapnagarinAssasuniunionhasbeenabletoreturntotheirownplacesattheend ofApril2010.Around48percentofthefamilieslivingontheembankmentsinDacopeandKoyraof Khulna district have returned to their homes or left the area; and only one whole settlement (90 families)ofMayderchorofDakkinBedkhashiinKoyrahasbeenabletoreturntotheirownplacesat theendofDecember2009. During discussions with the communities, many households reported that the lack of social protectionandaccesstoincomegeneratingactivitieshasresultedinfamiliesmovingfromthearea. It is however difficult to verify the ultimate destination of families that have moved from the embankmentstoareasotherthanthevillagestheypreviouslyinhabited.Therewerereportedcases of migration to areas across Bangladesh, including the Chittagong Hill Tracts and, in a number of limitedreports,India. The ratio of men and women among IDPs is nearly equal. About 51 percent men and 49 percent womenarelivingonembankments.Atotalof1,552headsofhouseholdsarenowworkingoutside the two upazilas of Khulna mostly in day labour. An additional 387 families have left the area in searchofbetteropportunities.Atotalof54women,girlsandchildrenhavereportedlylefttheirown areas to others areas like Dacope, Khulna, Satkhira, Dhaka and Chittagong for income generating activities. There are some incidents of trafficking such as in Kalinagar settlement of Kamarkhola union in Dacope,wherethecommunityreported13females,includingyoungchildren,weretrafficked.The proximitytotheIndianborder maybe a factor.However,these incidentshavenot beenreported 17

formally.Awarenessoftraffickingisverylowamongtheaffectedfamilies.Theyneedtobeawareof thedangersofhumantraffickingandhumansmuggling,astherearepossiblyagoodnumberwho aremigratingtootherpartsofthecountryforworkintheinformalsector(suchasthebrickfields, construction,streethawkers,collectingwastes,etc).Someoccurrenceofgenderbasedviolenceand sexualharassmentwasreported.

3 THEWAYFORWARD
3.1 UNCollectiveResponsePlan
Addressingthetwodevelopingscenarioswillrequiredifferentapproachesbothintermsofthetypes of interventions and the timeframe. For the 14,000 families still living on the embankments immediateactionisrequiredtoprovidethemwiththetoolsandsupporttowithstandthecoming Monsoon. Proposed interventions include the continuation and upscaling of essential relief includingwaterdistributionsandsupplementaryfoodsupport.Inaddition,thereisneedtoprovide these families with shelter materials, and improvement sanitation conditions to reduce their vulnerabilitytodiseaseoutbreaks. Supportingtheearlyrecoveryprocessforthosefamiliesemergingfromaprolongedperiodofrelief is essential if they are to fully recover. There is therefore a pressing need to provide shelter and WASH assistance to recently returned families, and to immediately commence income generating activitiestoaugmentselfrecovery. The significant and widespread destruction of livelihoods requires a multidirectional approach to recovery. While income generating activities will inject much need cash into the local economy in theshortterm,supportforlivelihooddiversificationisneeded,throughtrainingandcapitalgrants, toenablepeopletotransitionfromdependenceoncashtransfers.Thereestablishmentofthelocal agriculturalbasedandfisheriessectorswilllikelytakeyearstoreturntoapreAilavolume. The UN Collective Response Plan for Cyclone Aila outlines the proposed interventions of the UN System in Bangladesh. These interventions are guided by the principles of national and local ownership, with community participation at the centre of decisionmaking and implementation. Followingthepracticeofbuildbackbetterandintegratingriskreductioninallinterventionswillbe atthecoreoftheprogrammaticresponse.Thevariousprogrammeswillpromotegenderequalityby assessingparticular needsandvulnerabilitiesofwomen,andensuringthat inclusionissubstantive andgenuine. Theproposedinventions,overaperiodof24months,aredependentontherepairandmaintenance oftheembankments.Therefore,theprogrammewillbeprogressivelyimplementedtoensurethat the investments made in supporting the rebuilding of affected communities is effectively implementedandsustainable. TheUNCollectiveResponsePlandetailsinterventionsacrossthemainsectors,takingintoaccount immediateneeds(0fourmonths)andearlyrecoveryprogrammes(024months).

18

Sector Education (UNICEF) FoodSecurity&Nutrition (WFP,FAO&UNICEF) Health (WHO,UNFPA&UNICEF) Livelihoods (FAO&UNDP) Shelter (UNDP&IOM) WASH (UNICEF&UNFPA) Movement/IDPs (IOM&UNDP) TOTAL

ImmediateNeeds 390,000 3,700,000 520,000 1,350,000 936,000 425,000 1,270,400 8,591,400

EarlyRecovery Programmes 600,000 7,000,000 1,000,000 6,901,600 4,487,400 3,501,955 1,540,000 25,030,955

TotalIntervention Cost(USD) 990,000 10,700,000 1,520,000 8,251,600 5,423,400 3,926,955 2,810,400 33,622,355

19

ResultsFramework:Education
Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators Numberofeducation, recreationalandteaching materialsavailableatschool %ofStudentsaregetting goodseatingarrangements andkeptlearningmaterials safely Numbersofschoolshave doneParticipatory VulnerabilityAssessments. ProjectTitle ProjectBudget (USD) Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) Ensureavailabilityof Education and communication educationmaterials materials distribution to approx. 100 primaryschools 2) Createlearning Include small grant for all affected environmentalattheschool schoolsincludingChair,Table,Boards, levelandtoincreaseaccess Almira and repairing cost for approx. toschools 100schools 3) Teachthestudentsabout PVA for all school for the disaster vulnerabilityandhowto prone unions especially Gabura, takenecessaryactionin PaddapukurandPratapnagarunionof disaster. Shamanagar and Asahasuni upazila respectively(100schools) 4) Temporarylearningspaceto Open at least 70 temporary learning continueeducationand spaces for children in the ensuresafespace embankments EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Ensureschoolingatschool Repairandrenovateeducational levelwithgoodfacilities institutes(GPS,RNGPS) 2) Ensureschoolingatthe Renovationandupgradationof disasterperiod schools(disasterresilient) 3) Improvecapacityof educationalinstitutein preparednessfordisastersat Schoollevels&tocreate awarenessamongthe studentsondisasterand responsestrategies. IncorporateDRRintoeducation program100schools

300,000

Unfunded

Education Emergency Response (UNICEF)

70,000

Unfunded

20,000

Unfunded

Numberofchildren continuingeducationina safespace

IncludedunderMovement/IDPsector byIOM.UNICEFandIOMwill coordinate

unfunded Unfunded Unfunded Unfunded

SubTotal NumberofSchoolsrestored education NumberofSchoolscontinue classesevenafter/indisaster situation NumberofTeachers/SMC memberstrainedonDRR Numberofschoolswith disasterpreparednessplans. Numberofclasseshasbeen taken.

390,000 250,000 250,000

Education Emergency Response (UNICEF) 100,000 Unfunded

SubTotal TOTAL

600,000 990,000

Unfunded Unfunded

20

ResultsFramework:FoodSecurity&Nutrition Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators

Householdsconsuminga balanceddietincluding carbohydrate,proteinsand fat/oil. Percentofhouseholds consumedatleastthree mealsaday. Prevalenceofwasting (weightforheight)among children624months Anaemiarateofundertwo children. #ofchildren623months receivingMNPsupplements Coverageamongpregnant womenofiron/folate

ProjectTitle

Project Budget (USD)

Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) Ensureadequatefood TheUNAilaassessmentteam securityandtosavehighly discoveredapproximately14,000 foodinsecurehomeless worstaffectedhomelesshouseholds peoplewhoarestilllivingon infourupazilasofSatkhiraandKhulna embankmentsandwhowill districtswhoarestilllivingon bejoblessforthecoming embankments.WFPwillprovidefood Monsoonseason assistanceforthemforfivemonths duringtheMonsoonseason(July 2) Improvenutritionalstatusof Nov2010).Underthisgeneralfood children623monthsand distribution,theywillreceivefamily pregnantandlactating rationofrice,pulseandvegetableoil. women Inadditiontothat,childrenunder twoyearsofagewillreceiveWheat SoyaBlend(WSB).Thefamilyration willcoveronlyonethirdoftheir calorierequirement(approximately 1,000kcal/person/day)whereasthe resttwothirdcalorierequirementis assumedtobefulfilledbyother sources. 3) Rapidlyrebuildthe livelihoodsof10,000worst affectedfarmersthrough providingvegetableseeds, fruittreesaplings,fertilizers, spadeandwateringcanfor backyardgardening SelectimplementingNGOpartners DeveloprelationshipwithDAEforthe identificationofbeneficiariesand providetechnicalknowledge Conductingtraining Procurementanddistributionof 50,000packages(5typesofseeds,5 typesoffruittreesaplings,5kg fertilizer,spadeandwateringcan)of inputsforhomesteadgardening

GeneralFood Distributionand Micronutrient supplmentation (GFD) (WFP&UNICEF)

2,200,000

Unfunded

Resumptionof10,000 vegetablegardensby landlessandfemaleheaded householdsinCycloneAila affectedareas Consumptionoffruitsand vegetablesathomestead levelincreasedtherefore improvingnutrition

Ensuringfood securityand nutritional availabilityto thecycloneAila AffectedUltra PoorFarmers (FAO)

1,500,000

Unfunded

21

Monitorprojectactivities 4) Providevulnerablewomen withChickenorduckand chicken/duckfeedto5,000 households Selectionofbeneficiaries IdentificationofimplementingNGO partnerandcoordinatewithDLS Procurementanddistributionquality (10chicken/10ducksandfeeds packages) Monitoringandfollowup Resumptionof5,000 homesteadbasedchicken/ duckfarming Increasedconsumptionof eggsandmeatincreasing proteinintakeofhouseholds SubTotal EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Contributetotherestoration TheUNAilaassessmentteam oflivelihoodsbyrepair/ identifiedapproximately60,000worst rehabilitate/reconstructof affectedhouseholdswhohavenot keyphysicalinfrastructures recoveredyetandneedexternal suchasembankments/rural assistance.WFPunderitsrecovery roadsandtoreexcavate programmewilltarget33,000 drainagecanals,torepair extremepoorhouseholdswhichwill schoolsandmarkets.This beselectedfromamongtheseworst willprotectlivelihoodsfrom affectedpopulation(approximately futuretidalsurgesand 55percentonanaverageaccording floods,andavoidfurther torecentlylaunchedPoverty salinityinthesoil EstimatesbyBBS,WFPandWorld Bank).These33,000householdswill workunderFoodforWork(FFW) programmeforfivemonths(total90 workingdays). Kilometerofdamaged embankments,roads, culvertsrepaired/ reconstructedandcanalre excavated Numberofschools/rural marketsrepaired/ reconstructed Numberoftreesplanted. Numberofpeoplere establishedtheirlivelihoods Noofinfrastructurerebuilt, restoredorinuse. Noofcommunitygroups mobilizedforrecoverywork 3,700,000 Unfunded

Recovery Programme (FoodForWork) (WFP)

7,000,000

Unfunded

SubTotal TOTAL

7,000,000 10,700,000

Unfunded Unfunded

22

ResultsFramework:Health
Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators Availabilityofemergency drugsatbufferstock ProjectTitle Project Budget (USD) Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) Ensuresupplyofemergency Distributeemergencydrugstothe drugsforreplenishmentof healthfacilities bufferstockathealth facilityleveltoprevent ongoingandimpending diseaseoutbreak 2) Enhanceemergencyand Providemedicalandother primaryhealthcareathealth equipmenttothehealthfacilities facilitylevel 3) Ensuresupplyofaudio Supplyaudiovisualequipmentsat visualinstrumentsfor healthfacilitylevel waitingpatientinorderto increaseawarenessleveland therebyadopthealthylife style 4) Improveknowledgeand Conductcapacitybuildingtrainingon skillsthroughtrainingfor treatmentofcommonailments, communitylevelhealth emergencyhealthcare,psychosocial personnel(HealthAssistant, support,diseasesurveillance villagedoctors)andhealth managers 5) Increaseawarenesslevelof DevelopIECmaterialslikeposter, Ailaaffectedpeoplewith leafletetcatAilaaffected communities focusonpsychosocial Organiseofspecialcampaignfor support,personalhygiene communitypeopleonawareness andsanitation,whataction building shouldtakenduring emergenciesespecially drawingmanagement,snake bitemanagement,cardio pulmonaryresuscitationetc

ImprovedHealth supporttoAila affectedareas (WHO& UNICEF)

500,000

Unfunded

Availabilityofequipmentat healthfacilities NumberofHealthfacilities equippedwithaudiovisual equipment

Numberofhealthpersonnel andmanagertrained

NumberandtypeofIEC materialsdeveloped Numberofsessionheld

23

6) Ensurestrengthendisease surveillancesystemofAila affectedareas

Recruithealthpersonneltoassist localhealthauthorityondisease surveillance Updatediseasereportingformatand maintaindatabase Provideemergencyequipmentlike lifebuoy,searchlight,personal protectiveequipment(PPE)etctothe frontlinehealthworkersforsearch, rescueandevacuation Distributeofmicronutrient ingredients

7) Increasecapacityofhealth workerinemergency response

Availabilityoftrainedhealth personneltoassistindisease surveillancesystem Numberofcontrolroom usingupdatedreporting format Numberandtypeequipment provided

8) Improvenutritionalstatusof affectedpeopleespecially forpregnantandlactating motherandunder5 children 9) Reduceriskofmaternal mortalityamongthe affectedpopulation

AmountofMicronutrient ingredientssupplied

10) Increasedavailabilityof FamilyPlanningServices amongAilaAffected population

ProcureReproductiveHealthKits (CleanDeliveryKits)anddistributeto pregnantwomenandgirlsin coordinationwithlocalauthorities andlocalNGOs ProcureReproductiveHealthKits (OralandInjectableContraceptives) anddistributetowomenandgirlsof reproductiveagelivinginaffected areas,inclosecoordinationwithlocal healthauthorities. SensitizethepopulationonFamily Planning,includingdifferentFP options,inordertoallowthemto makeinformedchoices.

#ofmaternaldeaths registeredintheaffected community

#ofwomenandgirls reportingunmetaccessto FPservicesoftheirchoice #ofwomenandgirls reportingcorrectknowledge aboutdifferentFPservices

Improving MaternalHealth amongAffected Population (UNFPA) Improved Availabilityof FamilyPlanning Servicesamong affected population (UNFPA)

10,000

Unfunded

10,000

Unfunded

SubTotal EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Improvequalityofhealth Carryoutcapacitybuildingtraining servicesavailableforthe forhealthpersonnel(PrimaryHealth affectedpopulation Care,CommunitySkilledBirth #ofmaternaldeaths reportedinthecommunity #ofbirthsattendedatUHCs ImproveQuality ofHealth Services

520,000

Unfunded

500,000

Unfunded

24

2) Increasedknowledgeamong affectedpopulationon primaryhealthcare, includingreproductive healthcareandfamily planning

Attendants(CSBAs)etc.)intheAila affectedregions Strengthenavailabilityofessential commoditiesingovernmentled healthfacilities CarryoutIECcampaigntoraise awarenessonPrimaryHealthCare, ReproductiveHealthcare,including antenatalandpostnatalcare,risksof homedeliveries,andfamilyplanning.

andMCWCs Reportedstockoutsof essentialcommodities

(UNFPA,WHO)

#ofpeoplereporting accurateknowledgeon differentFPmethods #ofpeoplereporting accurateknowledgeon postnatalandantenatalcare

IEConBasic HealthCare (UNFPA,WHO& UNICEF) SubTotal TOTAL

500,000

Unfunded

1,000,000 1,520,000

Unfunded Unfunded

25

ResultsFramework:Livelihoods
Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators RapidresumptionofAman riceproduction Distributionof25MTAman riceseedwith250MT fertilizer 5,00farmerscultivated Amanrice Emergency Responseand Resumptionofgoat/sheep EarlyRecovery farming ofCycloneAila Increasedincomeforwomen Affected farmers (FAO) ProjectTitle Project Budget (USD) Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) Supportimmediate Identificationandpreparationof resumptionoffarming beneficiaries activitiesandrestorationof SelectionofNGOandcoordination withDAE agriculturebasedlivelihoods ProcurementanddistributionAman throughprovisionof riceseedandfertilizer essentialagriculturalinputs Conductingtrainingtotheselected (5KgAmanseed&30Kg farmersonAmanricecultivation Urea,10KgTSP,10KgMoP Providetechnicalsupporttothe fertilizer/perHH)to5000 farmers households 2) Rapidlyrebuildlivelihoodsof Selectionofbeneficiary 3,000worstaffected Procureinputsi.e.6,000goat/sheep householdsthrough with300MTfeed immediaterestockingof SelectNGOpartner vaccinatedfemalegoatand Distributeamongbeneficiaries sheepwithfeed(2goator Providingtechnicalsupport throughouttheprojectperiod sheepand100Kgfeed/HH) Monitoringtheactivities 3) Contributetorestorationof Selectionofbeneficiaries livelihoodsfor5,000fishand CoordinationwithDOFandselection shrimpfarmers ofpartnerNGOs Procurementofinputsi.e.fishseed, feed,fertilizerandlimeforcarp, bagdaandgaldafarmers EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Restoreagriculturebased Identificationofbeneficiaries livelihoodsthrough SelectionofNGOandpreparation providingsalinetolerant beneficiarylistinconsultationwith varietiesofBororiceseed DAE andfertilizerto5,000 ProcureanddistributeBororiceseed

1,350,000

Unfunded

Resumptionofproductionin fishpondsandshrimpghers

SubTotal RapidresumptionofBoro riceproduction 5,000farmerscultivateBoro rice Increasedproductionand Livelihood initiativesofthe CycloneAila affected farmers

1,350,000

Unfunded

4,000,000

Unfunded

26

affectedhouseholds

2) Restorethelivestockbased livelihoodsthrough providinglargeruminant withfeedandshed(1cow, 100kgfeedandshed)to 1,000households 3) Rapidlyrebuildlivelihoodsof 1,000worstaffectedfishers group(3,000HH)through thesupplyoffishingboat andnet 4) Provisionoffinancialand technicalassistanceforoff farmlivelihoodactivities

andfertilizeri.e.37.5MTseedand 375MTfertilizer Conductingtrainingforthefarmers Providetechnicalsupporttothe farmers Identificationofbeneficiaries Selectionofbeneficiaries ConsultationwithDLS Procurementanddistributionof ruminantswithfeed Providingtechnicalsupport Monitoringofactivities Buildandpurchaseboat,net BeneficiaryandNGOselection

increasedincome

Restorationoflivestock Increasedproduction Increasedincome (FAO)

Availableboat,net Increasedincome

5) Provisionofcashassistance toselfemployed entrepreneurs

7,000beneficiaryhouseholds identifiedforundertakingofffarm livelihoodprogramme - HomesteadbasedIGA supports - Brackishwaterbased livelihoodsupport(boatand netsupport) - Smallscaleaquaculture development Cashgrantstoselfemployed entrepreneurs(likeFerywala,and othersmalltradersengagedinfish processing,nurseries,candlemaking, crapfattening,handicraft,poultry farming,duck/goat/cowrearingetc).

7,000families(minimum 40%arewomen)received alternativelivelihood support

OffFarm Livelihood Recovery Programmefor CycloneAila Affected Communities (UNDP) SupportforSelf Employed Entrepreneurs Affectedby CycloneAila (UNDP)

2,307,600

Unfunded

6) Repairsandrestorationof

Repairsandrestorationoflocal

2,000noselfemployed entrepreneursassisted 80nooftraining/ orientationprogrammes organized. Partnershipsestablishedwith vocationalinstitutionsand technicalorganizations 20noofmarketplaces

540,000

Unfunded

Restorationof

54,000

Unfunded

27

localmarketareasplaces

marketplaces

and/orcommunity infrastructurerepairedand strengthened

CycloneAila AffectedLocal Markets (UNDP) SubTotal TOTAL

6,901,600 8,251,600

Unfunded Unfunded

28

ResultsFramework:Shelter
Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators 14,000familiesreceived shelterassistance ProjectTitle Immediate Shelter Assistance Programmefor CycloneAila Affected Families (UNDP,IOM) SubTotal Supportto CycloneAila Affected FamiliesSelf Recovery (UNDP) Disaster Resilient Sheltersfor CycloneAila Affected Families (UNDP) SubTotal TOTAL Project Budget (USD) Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) Provideemergencyshelter 14,000vulnerablefamilieswillbe assistancepackagesforthe abletoprotectthemselvesfromthe homelessfamilieslivingon monsoon embankmentsand IncoordinationwithIOM homesteads

936,000

Unfunded

936,000

Unfunded

EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Settingupoftrainingand Settingup4ResourceCentresin resourcecentresfor selectedupazilasofSatkhiraand facilitatingdisasterresilient Khulnadistrict shelterconstruction Trainingallowancetomasonsand carpenters 2) Undertakedisasterresilient familyshelterprogramme ontheprincipleofbuilt backbetter 3,000Ailaaffectedfamilieswillhave housesrebuiltbythemselveswiththe financialandtechnicalassistanceof UNDP

2,510householdmembers receivedsupportandtraining onownerdrivendisaster resilientcorefamilyshelter construction 3,000familiesreceived durabledisasterresilient houses

437,400

Unfunded

4,050,000 4,487,400 5,423,400 Unfunded Unfunded Unfunded

29

ResultsFramework:WASH
Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators Womenreportimproved hygienesituationafter3 months ProjectTitle Distributionof HygieneKitsto affected households (UNFPA, UNICEF) Watertrucking withwell established rationing system (UNICEF) Installationof 1,600new publiclatrines andrepairingof 1,600defunct latrines (UNICEF) Project Budget (USD) Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) AffectedFamilieshave Distributebasichygienekitsfor accesstoBasicHygiene families,includingsoap,cottontowels Supplies forwomen,cookingutensils,etc. (itemstobedefinedinconsultation withlocalcommunities) 2) Displacedmen,womenand childrenhaveaccesstosafe drinkingwater Continuedwatertruckingfor120,000 people Exploreinstallationofadditional waterpointstoenhanceaccesstothe displacedpeople

100,000

Unfunded

3) Displacedmen,womenand childrenhaveaccessto sanitarylatrines

Repairingof1,600public/shared latrinesandinstallanother1,600 latrinesforthedisplacedpeoplenear totheirpresentshelters Useandupkeepoffacilities establishedbyworkingwiththeuser communities

4) Displacedmen,womenand childrenareenabledto practicesaferhygieneina dignifiedandculturally appropriatemanner

Continuedandregularhygiene promotionsessions;withemphasis onlifesavingbehaviouralneeds

Percentageofdisplaced peoplewithaccessto7.5 litrespotablewaterper personperday. Percentageofpeoplewhose distanceofcollectingwater islessthan500m. Nofaecalmatterobservedin andaroundthesheltersof displacedpeople. Morethan80percentof men,womenandchildren usingandmaintaining latrinesasevidencedby hygienicconditionand availabilityofsoap Improvedandnewlatrines. Conformtothedesign standardsdefinedinthe WASHCluster. 80percentofdisplaced children,womenandmen candemonstrateknowledge ofkeyhygienepracticesby endSeptember2010

155,000

145,000 (LGD allocation)

105,000

Unfunded

Mobilization, use&upkeepof waterpoints andlatrines. Events:hygiene

65,000

Unfunded

30

promotion (UNICEF) SubTotal EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Allmen,womenand Cleaningofpondsandrepairingof childrenhaveaccesstosafe existing100pondsandfilters drinkinganddomesticwater Installationof385newpondsand uptopreAilalevels,inmost filters affected19unions,by Upgrading/repairingofexisting250 deepTWs;andinstallationof675 December2011 newdeepTWs Upgrading/repairingofexisting150 shallowTWs;andinstallationof585 newshallowTWs Supportroofrainwaterharvestingfor 1,700households Promotionofhouseholdwater treatmentandstorage Watersupplycoverageinthe affecteddistrictsreturnto thepreAila Percentageofpopulation withaccesstowaterfrom improvedsources Percentageofpopulation whosedistancefromtheir placeofdwellingislessthan 500m Percentageofpopulation havingawarenessoverthe safecollection,storageand retrievalofdrinkingwater; includingamongmothers, caregiversandschoolage children Thesanitationcoveragein theaffecteddistrictsreturn tothepreAilalevel Morethan80%ofgirlsand womenexpresssatisfaction withthesafetyandprivacy oflatrines Newandimprovedlatrines conformtothedesign standardsdefinedbyWASH Cluster;andarechild friendly Percentageofschoolgoing childrenhavingaccessto privatesanitationfacilities Improved2,688 waterpointsby useof technically feasible solutions:pond cleaning, repairing/ installingPSFs, repairing/ installingTWs, andrainwater harvest (UNICEF)

425,000

Unfunded

1,570,000

Unfunded

2) 80percentmenwomenand childrenhaverestored accesstosafesanitary facilitiestopreAilalevels,in mostaffected19unions,by December2011

Rehabilitationof6,600household latrinesthatsupports10%population Constructionof15,840household latrinesthatsupports24%population

Support installationof 15,840new household latrinesand repairof6,600 existinglatrines (UNICEF)

856,555

Unfunded

3) 70percentofschoolchildren haveaccesstosafesanitary facilities;supportedwith

Rehabilitationof250WASHfacilities inschools Installationofnew250WASH

Support installationof 250new

375,000

Unfunded

31

watersupplyfor ablution/cleaning/hand washing 4) Allmen,women,children areenabledtopracticesafer hygieneinadignifiedand culturallyappropriate manner,inmostaffected19 unions,byDecember2011

facilitiesinschools

Hygienepromotionathouseholds, communitiesandschools Hygienepromotionemphasisehand washingwithsoap(HWWS)and drinkingwatersafety

Numberofschoolswith establishedproperuse& upkeepofwater&sanitary facilities 80percentofchildren, womenandmencan demonstrateknowledgeof keyhygienepracticesbyend December2011

facilitiesand repairof250 existingfacilities (UNICEF) Community mobilization, andhygiene promotion (UNICEF) SubTotal TOTAL

700,400

Unfunded

3,501,955 3,926,955

Unfunded 145,000

32

ResultsFramework:Movement/InternallyDisplacedPersons Objectives StrategicInterventions Indicators 14,000familieswillhavea basichouseholdkit. ProjectTitle Comprehensive LifeSavingNeeds Providedand Coordinatedfor IDPfamiliesliving onEmbankments (IOM) Project Budget (USD) Amount Funded (USD)

ImmediateSupportInterventions(nowto4months) 1) EnsureIDPfamilieslivingon DistributeNFIkitsto14,000families embankmentshaveaccess includingblankets,waterstorage tobasicitemsnecessaryfor containerswithfilters,andother dailylife. criticalneeds

250,000

Unfunded

2) Ensureprimaryhealthcare requirementsofindividuals livingontheembankments arecovered.

Provisionofbasicprimaryhealthcare servicestotheIDPslivingonthe embankmentsthroughtheuseof mobileclinics(vans,andother transportationi.e.speedboats, engineboats)

CoordinatedwithWHO&UNICEF ContinueDisplacementTracking Matrix(DTM)tocollectandupdate informationofIDPsinaffectedareas ofKhulnaandSatkhira.

Basicprimaryhealthcare requirementsof14,000 IDPfamilieslivingon embankmentswillbe provided

150,000

Unfunded

3) Ensureacomprehensive understandingofpopulation dataandlevelsofservice provisionrelatingto displacedpopulationsfrom KhulnaandSatkhira 4) Provideforbasicpersonal sanitationandclothing needsforwomenand childrenlivingon embankments

FortnightlyDTMsof SatkhiraandKhulna distributedamong government,UNagencies, donorsandNGOsforupto 14,000IDPs. Immediatebasicneedsfor hygienekitsandclothing forvulnerablefamilieswill becovered. 14,000IDPfamiliesliving onembankmentscovered

50,000

Unfunded

Procurementanddistributionof locallyacceptablefemalehygienekits andculturallyappropriateclothingfor womenandchildren. Communitygroupswillbemobilized forselfselectionofvulnerable familiesforclothingdistribution

200,000

Unfunded

33

5) ReducetraffickingofPersons withintheDisplaced Communities

6) Ensurecomprehensivelife savingneedsareprovided (emergencyshelter,food, water)fordisplaced populationslivingon embankmentspriorto monsoon/stormsurges 7) Addressthetraumaand psychosocialrequirements ofdisplacedcommunities, includinglearningfacilities forchildrenwhocannot attendschools

Throughtheuseofformaland informalcommunicationnetworks, awarenesscampaignsand communitylevelengagement regardingtheissueoftraffickingof personsandlinkagestoHIVwillbe highlighted Coordinatebasicneeds,shelterkits, food,water,medicalto approximately4,000IDPfamilies locatedinSatkhiraand10,000IDP familieslocatedinKhulna.
(Thisactivitywillbecarriedoutincoordinationwith UNDP,WFP,WHOandWASHandisreferencedin theirbudget)

Displacedcommunities livingonembankmentswill beawareoftrafficking issuesandcoping mechanismswithinthe localcontext IDPfamilieslivingon embankmentsofSatkhira andKhulnawillhavelife savingneedscovered

60,000

Unfunded

50,000

Unfunded

Provisionofpsychosocialservicesto upto14,000familieslivingon embankments Provisionoflearningopportunitiesfor childrenthroughtemporarylearning shelters,privatetutoringorescort servicebyboatstonearby schools/learningcenters

(CoordinatedwithUNICEF) Contingencyplaninplace Trainingoffocalpersonsfor disseminationofearlywarning amongstthefamilieslivingonthe embankments Providingnecessaryequipments(cell phones,megaphones,radiosand flagsetc)fordisseminationofearly warning

Accesstopsychosocial activitiesforupto14,000 familieslivingon embankmentsprovided Accesstolearningprovided tothosechildrenof14,000 IDPfamilieswhoarenot covered. Contingencyplaninplace andreadyfor operationalisaton 24focalpersonsreceived trainingondissemination ofEWmessagesin12 settlementpoints/locations 24radioreceivedbythe focalpersons 24cellphoneandmega Earlywarning dissemination measuresfor communitiesliving onembankments (UNDP) 500,000 Unfunded

8) Earlywarningdissemination measuresandcontingency planinplacefor communitieslivingon embankments

10,400

Unfunded

34

(CoordinatedthroughMoFDM/CDMP)

phonereceivedbythefocal persons 24numbersofsignalflags receivedbythefocal persons

SubTotal EarlyRecoveryInterventions(nowto24months) 1) Ensureacomprehensive ContinueDisplacementTracking understandingofpopulation Matrix(DTM)tocollectandupdate dataandlevelsofservice informationofIDPsinaffectedareas provisionrelatingto ofKhulnaandSatkhira. displacedpopulationsfrom KhulnaandSatkhira 2) EliminateTraffickingof Throughtheuseofformaland PersonswithintheDisplaced informalcommunicationnetworks, Communities awarenesscampaignsand communitylevelengagement regardingtheissueoftraffickingof personswillbehighlighted 3) Addressgenderindisaster Anassessmentandprogrammingthat riskreduction takesintoaccountperceptions, knowledgeanddangersoflongterm exposuretotheharshelementsof thoselivingontheembankmentsas wellastheircopingmechanisms Supportprovidedbasedonthe assessmentrecommendationsandas identifiedbythewomenthattake intoaccounttheirsaswellastheir communitysneeds Trainingonalternatedispute resolutiontowomencommunity leadersaddressgenderbased FortnightlyDTMsofSatkhira andKhulnadistributed amonggovernment,UN agencies,donorsandNGOs forupto14,000IDPs. Upto14,000displaced familiesandthoselivingon embankmentswillbeaware oftraffickingissuesand copingmechanismswithin thelocalcontext Arapidassessmentcarried outbyacademicsand developmentorganizationon womensperception, knowledgeand hazards/dangersoflongtime livingonembankments #ofcommunityactivities undertaken #ofpersonsbenefited disaggregatedbysexandage #ofelderlyanddisabledassisted. #ofwomentrained. Displacement TrackingMatrix tracksprimary informationof IDPs (IOM) Awarenesson Counter traffickingissues fordisplaced persons (IOM) Genderin disasterrisk reduction (IOM)

1,270,400

Unfunded

290,000

Unfunded

300,000

Unfunded

250,000

Unfunded

35

4) ReturnKitsforDisplaced Populations

violence Procurementanddistributionof prioritizeditems(tools,household,) toensuresustainablereturn

#ofdisputessettled. 5) Displacedcommunitieswho returnareabletodosoover anextendedperiod

Supportto Sustainableand DignifiedReturns through provisionof returnkits (IOM) SubTotal TOTAL

700,000

Unfunded

1,540,000 2,810,400

Unfunded Unfunded

36

4 ANNEXURES
4.1 SummaryofInterventionsTargetingImmediateSupportforPeopleLivingonEmbankments
Sector
Education StrategicInterventions Openatleast70temporarylearningspacesforchildrenintheembankments ProjectBudget(USD)
IncludedunderMovement/IDP sector. UNICEFandIOMwillcoordinate

FoodSecurity Providefoodassistanceforapproximately14,000worstaffectedhomelesshouseholdsinfourupazilasofSatkhiraandKhulna &Nutrition districtsforfivemonthsduringtheMonsoonseason(JulyNov2010).Theywillreceivefamilyrationofrice,pulseand vegetableoil.Inaddition,childrenundertwoyearsofagewillreceiveWheatSoyaBlend(WSB). Health Distributeemergencydrugstothehealthfacilities Providemedicalandotherequipmenttothehealthfacilities Supplyaudiovisualequipmentsathealthfacilitylevel DevelopIECmaterialslikeposter,leafletetcatAilaaffectedcommunities Organiseofspecialcampaignforcommunitypeopleonawarenessbuilding Recruithealthpersonneltoassistlocalhealthauthorityondiseasesurveillance Updatediseasereportingformatandmaintaindatabase Provideemergencyequipmentlikelifebuoy,searchlight,personalprotectiveequipment(PPE)etctothefrontlinehealth workersforsearch,rescueandevacuation Distributeofmicronutrientingredients ProcureReproductiveHealthKits(CleanDeliveryKits)anddistributetopregnantwomenandgirlsincoordinationwith localauthoritiesandlocalNGOs ProcureReproductiveHealthKits(OralandInjectableContraceptives)anddistributetowomenandgirlsofreproductive agelivinginaffectedareas,inclosecoordinationwithlocalhealthauthorities. SensitizethepopulationonFamilyPlanning,includingdifferentFPoptions,tosupportinformedchoices. Shelter Provideemergencyshelterassistancepackagesfor14,000homelessfamilieslivingonembankmentsandhomesteads enablingthemtoprotectthemselvesfromthemonsoon WASH Distributebasichygienekitsforfamilies,includingsoap,cottontowelsforwomen,cookingutensils,etc. Continuedwatertruckingfor120,000people Exploreinstallationofadditionalwaterpointstoenhanceaccesstothedisplacedpeople Repairingof1,600public/sharedlatrinesandinstallanother1,600latrinesforthedisplacedpeople Useandupkeepoffacilitiesestablishedbyworkingwiththeusercommunities Continuedandregularhygienepromotionsessions;withemphasisonlifesavingbehaviouralneeds Movement/ DistributeNFIkitsto14,000familiesincludingblankets,waterstoragecontainerswithfilters,andothercriticalneeds Internally ProvisionofbasicprimaryhealthcareservicestotheIDPslivingontheembankmentsthroughtheuseofmobileclinics

2,200,000

520,000

936,000 425,000

1,270,400

37

Displaced Persons

(vans,andothertransportationi.e.speedboats,engineboats) ContinueDisplacementTrackingMatrix(DTM)tocollectandupdateinformationofIDPsinaffectedareasofKhulnaand Satkhira. Distributionoflocallyacceptablefemalehygienekitsandculturallyappropriateclothingforwomenandchildren. Throughtheuseofformalandinformalcommunicationnetworks,awarenesscampaignsandcommunitylevelengagement regardingtheissueoftraffickingofpersonswillbehighlighted Establishearlywarningdisseminationmeasuresandcontingencyplaninplaceforcommunitieslivingonembankments TOTAL

5,351,400

38

4.2 SummaryofCycloneAilaDamagestoSatkhira&KhulnaDistricts

Damaged District Upazila Affected Union Villages Household (No.) (No.) (No.) 12 11 7 10 40 92 42 46 64 244 48,457 37,403 38,514 29,832 154,206 Crop Land (Ha) 501 65 211 1,360 2,137 Shrimp Gher/ Pond (Acre) 32,661 13,300 20,300 17,640 83,901 School (No.) 151 49 16 279 495 Embank ment (km) 86 80 80 166 412 Road (km) 123 91 108 274 596 Sluice Gate, Culvert (No.) 45 13 30 38 126 Drinking Water Sources (No.) 3,130 6,712 1,103 11,200 22,145 Latrine (No.) 20,850 15,239 27,350 16,320 79,759

Satkhira

Shyamnagar Ashashuni Koira Khulna Dacope Total

Source:CycloneAiladamagereportpreparedbythedistrictadministrationsofSatkhira&Khulna,July2009

39

4.3 Map:AffectedAreaswithSurfaceWater(27May2009)

40

4.4 Map:ImpactofCycloneAilaonKhulna(26May2010)

Impact of Cyclone Aila on Khulna

Chalna

Tildanga

Dacope
Dacope Bajua

Kamarkhola

$ $ Koilasgong
Laodob Amadi Sutarkhali

Baniasanta

Bagali Maheswaripur

Koyra
Maharajpur

People living on embankments

Koyra Sadar $

Uttar Bedkashi

$ Dakkin Bedkashi

Legend

Scale
3 0 3 6 Kilometers

Broken embankment River Less affected union Moderately affected union Severely affected union Location of people's living embankment

Source: UNDP & IOM Prepared on: 26/05/2010

41

4.5 Map:ImpactofCycloneAilaonSatkhira(26May2010)

42

CONTACTS
CoordinatorsofUNJointMultiSectorAssessment&ResponseFramework: StevenGoldfinch,UNDP steven.goldfinch@undp.org RumanaKhan,UNResidentCoordinatorsOffice rumana.khan@undp.org Sector Education Agency(ies) UNICEF WFP FAO UNICEF WHO UNFPA FAO UNDP UNDP IOM UNICEF IOM Contact FamidaShabnam fshabnam@unicef.org MalikKabir malik.kabir@wfp.org ElZeinElMuzamil elzein.elmuzamil@fao.org BirtheRossiLocatelli brossilocatelli@unicef.org KaziAHMAkram akramk@searo.who.int ClaraRodriquezRibas crodrigues@unfpa.org ElZeinElMuzamil elzein.elmuzamil@fao.org Md.SifayetUllah sifayet.ullah@undp.org BMMMozharulHuq mozharul.huq@undp.org NishatAChowdhry nchowdhry@iom.int LalitPatra lpatra@unicef.org NishatAChowdhry nchowdhry@iom.int

FoodSecurity&Nutrition

Health

Livelihoods

Shelter

WASH Movement/Internally DisplacedPersons

43