JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets LEAFLET NO 5: THE ORGANISATION

AND CONDUCT OF FLYING DISPLAYS

This Leaflet contains that information previously published as Information Leaflet No. 22. FOREWORD The proposals for the Organisation and Conduct of Flying Displays contained in this Leaflet have been prepared with a view to harmonising the safety regulations applicable to Flying Displays within JAA Member States. JAA Member States may use the contents of this Leaflet as a whole, or in part, to develop their own national regulations. It has been decided to issue these proposals in the form of an Leaflet, with the intention that: By having common high standards derived from the experience of many States, an overall improvement in Flying Display safety will be achieved; and The public attending events at any location within Europe can expect the same high standards of safety while at the same time being able to enjoy the spectacle of Flying Displays to the full. Therefore, this Leaflet sets out the safety arrangements which may be applied to the conduct of all Flying Displays. The term Flying Display is defined in the main body of the Leaflet, but it should be noted that it is not intended that corporate or private events which are not advertised and for which entry is restricted by invitation should be subject to these arrangements. However, it is anticipated that Authorities granting Permissions or Exemptions for such events will take into account the needs of public safety and the content of this Leaflet when considering the conditions under which the event can be held. Races, rallies and competitive events which are advertised and open to the public should be subject to these proposals but only to those sections which relate primarily to the safety of the public. It is not the intention, for example, that pilots taking part in these events will be required to have minimum levels of experience or hold Pilot Display Authorisations. In some Member States, military aircraft taking part in a Flying Display are already subject to the conditions set out by the National Authority. It is the intent of this Leaflet that any Permission given for a Flying Display should apply equally to all flying activities at the display, including those of military aircraft. Authorities responsible for regulating these events have the same "duty of care" to members of the public attending a display regardless of where the event takes place and what type of aircraft are taking part. 1 1.1 APPLICABILITY Terminology

For the purposes of this Leaflet, the following terms are used; (a) Flying Display - "Any flying activity deliberately performed for the purpose of providing an exhibition or entertainment at an advertised event open to the public"; (b) Crowd Line - "The forward edge of areas intended for spectators and any car park to which the public has access during a Flying Display"; (c) (d) Display Line - "A line defining the closest a display aircraft should approach the Crowd Line"; Event Organiser - "The Organiser of an event which includes a Flying Display";

(e) Flying Display Director - "The person responsible to the Authority for the safe conduct of a Flying Display"; (f) Display Pilot - "A pilot who holds a Pilot Display Authorisation or Exemption, issued by his appropriate National Authority, which allows him to take part in a Flying Display; (g) Spectator -"A person attending a Flying Display and remaining in areas set aside for the public";

(h) Pilot Display Authorisation - "A National document detailing the types or groups of aircraft in which a pilot is authorised to display, together with any limitations and other special endorsements";

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets (i) Skill Levels for Authorisation of Aerobatic Displays - The skill levels are as defined by the Comission Internationale de Voltige Aerienne (CIVA) of the FAI; Standard/Sportsman Intermediate Advanced (Class 2) Unlimited

(j) Local Flights - "Any passenger flight starting from, or arriving at the display site, purely for the purpose of Commercial Air Transportation Pleasure Flying"; (k) (l) Static Aircraft Park - "A Park for aircraft to which the public has access"; Aircraft Parking Area - "A Park for aircraft to which the public has no access";

(m) Car Parks - Where the words "car parks" are used in the text of this Leaflet, the words are only intended to apply to car parks to which the public has access during the Flying Display. Note: For conciseness, the pronoun 'he' is used throughout the text. Where appropriate 'she' should be added or substituted for 'he'. 1.2 This Leaflet contains proposed safety arrangements which may be applied to Flying Displays.

1.3 Before a Flying Display can be held, an Event Organiser or a Flying Display Director should obtain a Permission in writing from the appropriate Authority of the State in which the display is to take place. The Form of Application for the Permission at Appendix 1 should be used. Such Permission, when granted, should apply to all flying activities at the display, including Military, and should include any additional Permissions or Exemptions that may be required under National Regulations for the period of the Display. Such additional Permissions and Exemptions may include those relating to: (a) Low Flying; (b) Dropping or raising of articles or persons; (c) Carriage of persons ('Stand-on-Wing' etc.); (d) Flying close to crowds; (e) Flying at a speed greater than 250 kts below 10,000 ft (FL 100); (f) Landing other than at airfields; and (g) Exceeding the aerodrome Load Classification Number (LCN). 1.4 A Flying Display Director should not allow a Pilot to take part in a Flying Display unless he holds a Pilot Display Authorisation or an Exemption issued by his appropriate National Authority except as exempted in the following sub-paragraphs: (a) A Pilot Display Authorisation should not be required by the pilot of a hot air or gas balloon, a paraglider, a hang-glider or by a parachutist; (b) An Exemption from the need to hold a Pilot Display Authorisation may be granted to a pilot by the appropriate Authority of the State in which the pilot intends to display. An Exemption under this paragraph should only be issued for the duration of a specific occasion; (c) A pilot who is flying an aircraft registered as belonging to the Armed Forces of any Member State should be exempt from the requirement to hold a Pilot Display Authorisation; (d) An Exemption from the need to hold a Pilot Display Authorisation may be granted to the pilot of an aircraft operated by a Commercial Air Transportation Operator by the appropriate Authority of the State in which the display is to be held; and

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets (e) A Pilot Display Authorisation should not be required by a pilot participating in any Race, Rally or Competition which is held either as part of the Flying Display or as a separate event which is advertised and open to the public. 2 DISPLAY ACTIVITIES

2.1 This Leaflet contains proposals which should be applied to all aircraft participating in a Flying Display except: (a) Aircraft (including individual manned balloons) arriving and departing in accordance with normal aviation practice even when operating during the period of a Flying Display. The pilot of a balloon should ensure that he complies with the Manned Balloon Separation Criteria as shown in Table 2; (b) Aerial events and activities such as Air Races, Rallies and Competitions conducted in accordance with the Rules of the Air and normal aviation practice should not require a Permission but should be subject to the Flying Display arrangements set out in this Leaflet with the exception of the following; (i) Display Directors should not be required to identify Display Lines and Areas. (ii) The pilot of an aircraft taking part in any Race, Rally or Competition should be exempt from the following Flying Display Safety arrangements: (A) (B) (C) (D) (c) Minimum Levels of Experience (paragraph 3.1). Currency and Recency (paragraph 3.8). Carriage of passengers (paragraph 19). Documentation (paragraph 20, except 1(a) and 1(e)).

Events which consist solely of six or fewer manned balloons; and

(d) Events which consist solely of displays by parachutists, or hang-gliders, or paragliders or model aircraft. 2.2 Notwithstanding the provisions of 2.1(c) and (d) above if an event consisting of displays by either six or fewer manned balloons or a parachutist or a hang-glider or a paraglider or model aircraft takes place as part of a Flying Display for which a Permission should be required, any manned balloon, parachute, hangglider, paraglider or model aircraft should be included within the appropriate Flying Display arrangements. 2.3 Notwithstanding the provisions of 2.1(c) and (d), any event comprising a combination of two or more items, which singly would not be considered as a Flying Display, should require a Permission unless the appropriate Authority considers the event to be such that the provisions of this Leaflet should not apply. 3 3.1 PILOT DISPLAY AUTHORISATION Minimum Levels of Experience (a) A pilot applying for the initial issue of a Pilot Display Authorisation should show the minimum level of experience set out in the following paragraphs: (i) Pilots of fixed wing aeroplanes (including powered gliders), helicopters and gyrocopters a total of 200 hrs flying of which not less than 100 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a fixed wing aeroplane, helicopter or gyrocopter as appropriate; (ii) Pilots of microlight/ultralight aircraft a total of 100 hrs flying of which not less than 50 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a microlight/ultralight aircraft (3-axis or weightshift as appropriate); (iii) Pilots of gliders a total of 100 hrs flying of which not less than 50 hrs must be as pilot-incommand of a glider;

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets (iv) Pilots of powered parachutes/paragliders a total of 50 hrs flying of which not less than 25 hrs must be flying as pilot-in-command of a powered parachute or paraglider; (v) Pilots of hot air airships a total of 100 hrs flying on airships or balloons of which not less than 25 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a hot air airship; (vi) Pilots of gas airships with a volume exceeding 2000 m , a total of 200 hrs flying on airships or balloons of which not less than 100 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a gas airship; and (vii) Pilots of gas airships with a volume not exceeding 2000 m , a total of 100 hrs flying on airships or balloons of which not less than 50 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a gas airship. (b) No Pilot Display Authorisation should be required for the pilot of a balloon, a hang-glider or a paraglider or a parachutist, but he should have attained the following minimum levels of experience before being allowed to participate in a Flying Display: (i) Pilots of balloons, a total of 50 hrs flying on balloons of which not less than 25 hrs must be as pilot-in-command of a hot air or gas balloon as appropriate; (ii) Pilots of hang-gliders or paragliders, no quantified minima, but any such pilot must have satisfied the Flying Display Director that he is competent to perform his proposed display; and (iii) Parachutists, a minimum of 200 jumps for a Team Leader or solo display jumper and a minimum of 100 jumps for each remaining team member. 3.2 Format (a) Pilot Display Authorisations issued by an appropriate National Authority in accordance with this Leaflet should contain the following information: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Issuing Authority; Date and Place of issue; Pilot's name; Type, number and Issuing Authority of Pilot's Licence; Class, Type or individual aircraft on which authorised to display; Minimum heights to which authorised to display;
3 3

(vii) Whether valid for Aerobatics in addition to Flypasts and if so, in which skill level (see Appendix 2); (viii) (ix) 3.3 Issue Any additional authorisations, for example Formation or Special types of flying; and Any certification required under National Requirements.

A Pilot Display Authorisation should only be issued to a pilot after he has safely demonstrated to the appropriate Authority or an accredited evaluator the appropriate degree of skill and knowledge for the type of display and the minimum height to be flown. The demonstration should always be flown on an aircraft of the class or type or on the individual aircraft in which the pilot wishes to be authorised to display (see Appendix 2). 3.4 Demonstration of Ability - Fixed Wing Aircraft and Rotorcraft In order to qualify for the issue of a Pilot Display Authorisation to display a fixed-wing aircraft or rotorcraft, the applicant should demonstrate his competence and proficiency to the appropriate Authority or an accredited evaluator in handling his aircraft for his intended display programme, with particular regard to: Section 1/Part 3 5-4 01.02.97

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 3.5

Maintaining the display axis; Maintaining the selected height; Maintaining the agreed timing; Allowing for variables such as an on-crowd wind; and Reacting safely to emergencies. Demonstration of Ability - Hot Air Airships

In order to qualify for the issue of a Pilot Display Authorisation to display a hot-air airship, the applicant should demonstrate his ability to: (a) Lay out and inflate the airship envelope safely (if appropriate) with due consideration to prevailing conditions; (b) (c) (d) (e) 3.6 Control the airship on a short tether in preparation for free flight; Maintain control of spectators; React safely to emergencies; and Achieve a safe transition to powered flight. Form and Style

The form and style of a Pilot Display Authorisation should be a matter for the appropriate Authority of each State. Where possible; (a) Aircraft should be listed by either Class or Type or as individual aircraft.

(b) A Pilot Display Authorisation should be of such a size that it can be carried by the pilot with his flying licences. 3.7 Validity

A Pilot Display Authorisation should remain valid for a period not exceeding two years from the date of initial issue or renewal, provided that the pilot has met the requirements of Currency and Recency set out in 3.8 below. 3.8 Currency and Recency (a) A pilot holding a Pilot Display Authorisation should show evidence that he has completed, within the previous 90 days, a display or full practice on the class, type or individual aircraft he proposes to fly before being eligible to fly in a Flying Display. An entry in the pilot's logbook indicating the flight was a display or full practice of his programme should be considered as evidence of recency. (b) The appropriate Authority may accept that the conditions of (a) above have been met if a practice has been flown on another representative type from the same aircraft class where a pilot could not reasonably be expected to have practised flying a display on a specific type, because of the age or special characteristics of the aircraft or the stringent conditions under which it may be allowed to fly. 3.9 Revocation and Suspension (a) A Pilot Display Authorisation may be revoked or suspended by an appropriate National Authority when, by his actions, the pilot shows that he is no longer competent to retain such an Authorisation on the grounds of display or public safety. (b) A Pilot Display Authorisation should only be revoked by the Authority that issued the Authorisation; and Section 1/Part 3 5-5 01.02.97

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(c) A Pilot Display Authorisation may be suspended by an appropriate National Authority where permissible under national legislation. In the case where the Authority of one Nation suspends the Authorisation of the pilot of another Nation, that suspension should be temporary and only for the duration of the display or displays. Additionally, the Nation suspending the Authorisation should, within a period of 7 days, furnish a report to the issuing National Authority detailing the circumstances of the suspension. 4 CROWD SEPARATION DISTANCES

4.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that the minimum separation distances between the Display Line and the Crowd Line (as shown in Table 1 below) are observed.

Maximum display speed in kts

Type of Display Flypast Aerobatics 100 metres 150 metres 200 metres 230 metres

< 100 kts* 100 - 200 kts 200 - 300 kts Above 300 kts
Table 1

50 metres 100 metres 150 metres 200 metres

Flypasts & Aerobatics - Minimum Separation Distances

* A Flying Display Director may allow a lesser distance for displays by helicopters in the hover. 4.2 that: (a) 1; Display Pilots should ensure that turns and manoeuvres are always completed in a manner such

The aircraft does not in any circumstances infringe the Separation Distances laid down in Table

(b) Where, during the display, the aircraft has a velocity vector towards the crowd, appropriate margins are applied; (c) Due allowance is made for the effects of any on-crowd wind component; and

(d) When aircraft are flying in formation, minimum separation distances apply to the aircraft performing nearest to the Crowd Line. 4.3 Normal take-offs and landings may be executed on the runway in use provided that the runway centreline is at least 75m from the Crowd Line. The appropriate Authority may grant a concession to allow a lesser distance only in cases where geographical or topographical features or the layout of the airfield restrict the distance available. The grant of any concession may be conditional on the type of aircraft to be displayed. 4.4 Display Pilots of aircraft the display speed of which dictates a separation distance greater than 75m may use the runway for take-off and landing and may perform manoeuvres with vectors away from the crowd after take-off with the object of regaining the appropriate display line as rapidly as possible in a safe manner. 4.5 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, where spectators enclosures or car parks are situated on both sides of the display line, the distances shown in Table 1 are observed on both sides. 5 5.1 OVERFLIGHT OF SPECTATORS A participating pilot should not fly his aircraft over spectators' enclosures or car parks except for: (a) The aircraft containing a parachute team whilst positioning to drop the team, but not below 1500 ft above ground level; and (b) Manned balloons, but not below the heights specified in Table 2 below. 5-6 01.02.97

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets 5.2 A parachutist should not overfly spectators enclosures or carparks below 25 ft.

Type of Display

Separation Distance

Min. Height and Conditions for Overflight of Public n/a

Tethered Flight

20 m

Free flight take-offs from display area

20 m

75 ft agl for overflight in climbing flight 50 ft clear of obstacles

Free flight landings into display area

50 m

300 ft agl for overflight in level flight 50 ft clear of obstacles

Table 2 6

Manned Balloon Separation Criteria

MINIMUM DISPLAY HEIGHTS

6.1 A Display Pilot should not perform either flypasts or aerobatic manoeuvres below a minimum height of 200 ft above ground level, or the minimum height shown on his Pilot Display Authorisation (whichever is the higher), except as provided in 6.2 below. 6.2 Where a pilot holds a Pilot Display Authorisation, with a minimum height below 200 ft above ground level, the Authority responsible for permitting the event may allow that pilot to display down to the minimum height shown on his Pilot Display Authorisation. 6.3 The provisions of paragraphs 6.1 and 6.2 above should not apply during the period when the aircraft takes off or lands at the event location provided that the display element of the flight does not start below, or has been completed before the aircraft reaches, the minimum heights allowed. The provisions should also not apply to helicopters when hovering as part of their display. 6.4 A pilot who does not hold a Pilot Display Authorisation may only display in his own State to the minimum height set by that State. Should he wish to take part in a Flying Display in a State that has not introduced Pilot Display Authorisations, he may only fly down to the minimum height set by that State. 6.5 The appropriate Authority may set a higher minimum height for any event on grounds of public safety. 6.6 A Flying Display Director may direct a pilot not to fly or to fly the whole or part of his programme at a minimum height greater than that laid down in his pilot Display Authorisation based on safety considerations or if he is not satisfied that the pilot has fulfilled the currency and recency requirements laid down in paragraph 3.8. 6.7 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for notifying minimum display heights to all participating pilots in both written and oral briefings as required in paragraph 13. 7 DISPLAY LINES AND AREAS

7.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for taking into account the following factors when selecting Display Lines and Areas:

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(a) (b) (c)

JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets Any significant features under the proposed display area; The proximity of residential, industrial, recreational and environmentally sensitive areas; The proximity of other aerodromes or aeronautical sites and events;

(d) (e) (f) (g)

The Classification of the airspace; The surface to be used as the runway if aircraft are planned to take-off or land at the site; Obstacles in the vicinity of the site; and Site access, particularly for emergency vehicles.

7.2 Whereas the Event Organiser may be responsible for the site layout, a Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, where possible, spectator enclosures and car parks shall be confined to one side of the site to allow maximum freedom to displaying aircraft. A Flying Display Director will also wish to ensure that spectator enclosures and car parks are never located in the approach or departure sector of the aerodrome or display site. 7.3 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that Display Lines are clearly identified. In identifying display lines, use should be made of runways and other natural features where possible. It is not necessary to identify lines for all aircraft speeds, but details of all display lines, together with appropriate distances, should be given in both written and oral briefings. 7.4 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that the area(s) over which the display is permitted are suitably identified in both written and oral briefings although they need not be marked. 7.5 A Display Pilot should display his aircraft relative to the Display Line.

7.6 The axis of the display need not necessary be parallel to the Display Line but, whatever axis the pilot selects, he should ensure that he can perform his display such that he does not infringe the minimum separation distances laid down in Table 1. 8 MAXIMUM DISPLAY SPEEDS

8.1 A Display Pilot should not fly an aircraft in a Flying Display at a speed greater than 600 kts or Mach 0.90 true or initiate any manoeuvre that may result in an inadvertent sonic boom. 8.2 A Flying Display Director should request that Permission for aircraft to exceed 250 kts IAS below 10,000 ft (FL 100) during the period of a Flying Display is included, when necessary, in the Permission for the Flying Display. 9 MANNED BALLOONS

9.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, when manned balloons are part of a Flying Display, or where an event consists entirely of more than six manned balloons, the minimum separation criteria between the public and any part of the balloon or its tethering points, prescribed in Table 2, are observed. 9.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that the balloon site or launch field is safely enclosed to prevent access by the public to the balloons or accompanying vehicles. 9.3 The pilot of a manned balloon should be responsible for ensuring that his balloon is inflated, tethered and flown in accordance with National Requirements except as provided in this section and that, for displays of tethered flight, his balloon is tethered with 3 point restraint. 9.4 Where manned balloon tethering or take-offs on free flights are planned to be performed in front of the public, a Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that these are adequately separated in distance or time from other flying events. 10 PARACHUTE DISPLAYS

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets 10.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that when a Parachute descent is planned, the parachuting is conducted in accordance with National Requirements supplemented by the requirements in the following sub-paragraphs: (a) Where the designated landing site is on the flying side of the Crowd Line, no part of that site should be closer than 15 m to the Crowd Line; (b) Where the designated landing site is in an area set aside for the public, it should be safely enclosed (with rope, tape or fencing) and no parachutist should land closer than 15 m to any spectator; (c) The landing site should be suitably marked and should be clearly identifiable by each parachutist from the time he exits the aircraft; (d) Individual parachutists should ensure that their main parachutes are deployed fully by a minimum height of 1500 ft above ground level; (e) Radio contact should be established and maintained throughout the descent between the dropping aircraft, the ground site co-ordinator and the Air Traffic Service (ATS) if one has been set up. Where this is not feasible, an authorised system of ground-to-air signals should be used; and (f) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that: (i) In order to minimise the risk to descending parachutists, all pilots are briefed on the procedures to be followed at that particular event; (ii) In no circumstances are propellers, jet engines or helicopter rotors to be turning closer than 250 m to the intended landing site during the period that the parachutists are descending; and (iii) Pilots of aircraft outside a radius of 250m, (1000 m in the case of Local Flights) both airborne and on the ground, remain aware of the progress of the descending parachutists. Those on the ground should be prepared to stop any propeller, jet engine or helicopter rotor if descending parachutists are seen to be drifting close to their aircraft. 11 MODEL AIRCRAFT DISPLAYS 11.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that when a Model Aircraft Display is planned, model aircraft flying is conducted in accordance with National Requirements supplemented by the requirements in the following sub-paragraphs. (a) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that no uncontrolled free-flight model aircraft is flown during the period of the Flying Display; (b) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that model aircraft are not flown closer to the Crowd Line than the distances set out in Table 3 below; (c) Where the designated model aircraft display venue is in an area set aside for the public, it should be safely enclosed and the Separation Distances set out in Table 3 below should be maintained;

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Model Aircraft

Model Weight (kg)

Separation Distance

Line-controlled

all

15 m

Radio-controlled (piston)

less than 7 kg above 7 kg

30 m 50 m

Radio-controlled (jet powered)

Table 3 (d)

all

75 m

Model Aircraft Separation Distances A Flying Display Director may add an additional distance for models of exceptional dimensions;

(e) Where it is proposed that model aircraft are displayed in front of the public, a Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that their displays are adequately separated in distance or time from other flying events; (f) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for arranging strict control of transmitters and frequencies; and (g) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that flying by radio-controlled models is not allowed with a wind speed in excess of 25 kts or visibility of less than 500 m. 12 LOCAL FLIGHTS 12.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for co-ordinating Local Flights during a Flying Display. Whilst the Flying Display Director has discretion in which areas such flights may operate, if allowed, he should be responsible for ensuring that these flights are not allowed within the display area either: (a) During low level aerobatic displays; or

(b) During parachute descents, unless any Local Flight aircraft remains at least 1000 metres away from any descending parachutists. (see also paragraph 10.1(f)(iii)). 13 DISPLAY BRIEFINGS 13.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, in advance of the display date, all participants are sent a written flying briefing which should include the following items: (a) (b) (c) (d) Place, date, time and duration of the display; Planned display programme and time of briefing(s); Map of display location showing layout of site with crowd areas, display lines and display areas; Air Traffic Services information about: (i) Arrivals and departures; (ii) Transponder codes and radio frequencies; and (iii) Display procedures. (e) Display limits and weather minima;

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(f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)

JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets Local flying restrictions; Environmental considerations; Emergency Services and procedures; Ground handling, parking and refuelling procedures; Documentation requirements; and Names of display officials together with contact telephone and fax numbers.

13.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for arranging an oral briefing before flying commences on the first day of the display and on each subsequent day when the event is of more than a single day's duration. He should be responsible for ensuring that a copy of the Permission to hold the event is displayed prominently at that briefing and that the following items are included in the oral display briefing: (a) (b) Conditions of the Display Permission; Local flying restrictions;

(c)

Weather conditions, actual and forecast for the display period;

(d) Detailed flying programme including callsigns and flying activities before and after the main display together with any individually permitted minimum display heights; (e) Air Traffic Services information about: (i) Arrivals and departures; (ii) Transponder codes and radio frequencies; and (iii) Display procedures. (f) Layout of: (i) Crowd area(s); (ii) Display line(s); and (iii) Display area(s). (g) (h) Emergency Services and procedures; and Ground handling, parking and refuelling procedures.

13.3 A Display Pilot of an aircraft flying directly into his performance at the display is responsible for ensuring that he has received a briefing from the Flying Display Director, supplementing the written briefing required under paragraph 13.1 above, before taking off from his departure airfield. 14 GROUND HANDLING OF AIRCRAFT 14.1 Whereas the Event Organiser may be responsible for the site layout, a Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that; (a) Effective barriers are provided to prevent access by the public to Aircraft Parking Areas and areas in use for aircraft operations and that these barriers remain in place during all flying in connection with the Flying Display. He should also be responsible for ensuring that access to these restricted areas is controlled such that only authorised personnel are allowed to enter; (b) Aircraft refuelling areas are similarly controlled and there is a minimum distance of 15m between the refuelling aircraft or equipment and the spectators. In the case of filling hydrogen gas balloons or airships or balloon cylinders, this minimum distance should be increased to 100m; Section 1/Part 3 5-11 01.02.97

JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets (c) The minimum distance between any part of a taxying aircraft and the spectators is 10m, but he should allow extra distances from taxying jet aircraft or helicopters; and (d) Where aircraft are parked in front of the crowd line the safety distances in (b) and (c) above are maintained before refuelling or taxying takes place. 15 CROWD CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS 15.1 Whereas the Event Organiser may be responsible for crowd control and ground communications, a Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that; (a) Sufficient marshals are available either from the police or from within his own organisation to control members of the public, to be available in case of an emergency and to prevent public access beyond the Crowd Line and to the Aircraft Parking Areas and that these marshals have been fully briefed on their duties in both normal and emergency situations; (b) Adequate ground communications are in place linking the Flying Display Director with all the appropriate ground Agencies and in particular with the Emergency Services;

(c) A suitable communications Control Point is set up, manned by an experienced operator. Communications with the Emergency Services should be provided and also with the Air Traffic Service where this has been established; (d) A public address system is provided. In determining what type of public address system is required, a Flying Display Director should take into account the following: (i) The size of the event; (ii) The layout of the event; and (iii) The aeronautical content. (e) Where a Commentator is present he is located such that important or emergency information can be given to him rapidly for broadcast to the public. 16 INSURANCE 16.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, when required by the conditions of the Permission, adequate Third Party and Public Liability insurance cover has been obtained for the event including preview, practice or press days or any such occasion whether or not the public is admitted. 16.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that a copy of the Certificate or other papers showing the extent of the insurance cover obtained is received by the appropriate Authority before the date at which that cover commences. 16.3 A Flying Display Director should satisfy himself that aircraft operators are also covered by adequate Third Party and Public Liability insurance. 16.4 In considering the amount of Third Party and Public Liability insurance he should take out, the operator of an aircraft participating in a Flying Display should be aware that in the event of an accident or incident, liability may be determined subsequently against the ground organisation or the operator or pilot, or a combination of both. 16.5 Aircraft operators are responsible for ensuring that, before participating in a Flying Display in a country other than the one in which they normally operate that they are covered by adequate Third Party and Public Liability insurance to meet the requirements of the Flying Display Director. 17 ITEMS FOR INCLUSION IN A FLYING DISPLAY

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets 17.1 A Flying Display Director should consult the appropriate Authority early in the planning cycle if he has doubts about the suitability or otherwise of an item proposed to be included in a Flying Display and should inform the Authority of any changes if so required.

18 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION 18.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that all details of the Airspace Requirements for the Flying Display are passed to the appropriate Authority or ATS so that airspace coordination action can be taken and details promulgated in NOTAMs. 19 CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS 19.1 A Display Pilot of an aircraft, other than a hot air balloon, should be responsible for ensuring that no person, other than crew essential for the display item, is carried on board his aircraft during the Display. However, where he considers that it would be advantageous to carry additional persons without prejudice to display safety, he has obtained the Permission of the appropriate Authority. 20 DOCUMENTATION 20.1 A Display Pilot should be responsible for ensuring that the following documentation is available for inspection by the appropriate Authority or the Flying Display Director: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) His Pilot's Licence to show Class and/or Type ratings; His Flying Log Book (or a copy or other evidence) to show details of currency and recency; His Pilot Display Authorisation or Exemption; The insurance certificate for his aircraft as required in paragraph 16.3 above; Airworthiness Documentation (Certificate of Airworthiness or Permit or equivalent); and

(f) Subject to prior notification, any other documentation relevant to himself or his aircraft required by the appropriate Authority or the Flying Display Director. 21 APPLICATION FOR A PERMISSION TO HOLD A FLYING DISPLAY 21.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that: (a) The Application for a Permission to hold a Flying Display, for which the appropriate Authority may levy a charge, is received by that Authority a minimum of 30 days in advance of the date of the proposed display; and (b) He has completed all sections of the Application Form at Appendix 1.

22 WEATHER MINIMA 22.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that display flying is not permitted unless the weather conditions at the display location exceed the minima prescribed in Table 4 below.
Type of Display VSTOL aircraft, Rotorcraft and other aircraft with stalling speeds below 50 kts. Flypasts or Flat Aerobatic Displays Full Aerobatic Displays Flypasts or Flat Aerobatic Displays Flying Displays by other aircraft Full Aerobatic Solo Aircraft Formations Solo Aircraft Formations Solo Aircraft Formations Solo Aircraft Piston Formations Weather Minima Cloud Base Visibility 500 ft * 1.5 km 500 ft 500 ft 800 ft 500 ft 800 ft 1000 ft 1000 ft 3.0 km 3.0 km 5.0 km 3.0 km 5.0 km 5.0 km 5.0 km

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets
Displays Jet Formations 1500 ft 8.0 km

Table 4

Minimum Weather Conditions

* The minimum cloudbase may be reduced to 250ft above ground level when aircraft are operating from the display site. Flights at this lower height should only be allowed within the Display Area. 22.2 A Flying Display Director should take into account the airspace classification as well as other meteorological variables, such as wind velocity and precipitation, in deciding what events may take place during the display. 23 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES 23.1 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for taking the required co-ordination action with the Air Traffic Unit(s) concerned where the event takes place at a site at which an Air Traffic Service (ATS) is normally provided and should submit details of the agreements reached for approval by the appropriate Authority. 23.2 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for consulting the appropriate Authority early in the planning cycle where the event takes place at a site at which an ATS is not normally provided in order to determine whether or not an ATS is needed and, if so, the type required. 23.3 (a) (b) (c) The need to provide an Air Traffic Service will depend on: The size and complexity of the Flying Display programme; The need to co-ordinate display activities; and Activities of other airspace users.

23.4 The relevant Authority should consider the need to establish temporary restricted airspace to safeguard the airspace required for the duration of the larger displays. 23.5 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that co-ordination with the ATS covers the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) The period and type of service to be given; The airspace to be covered; The procedures to be complied with in that airspace; and The radio frequencies and transponder codes to be used.

23.6 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that if aircraft are taking off and landing at the display site, means of indicating the landing direction and the surface wind are provided. 23.7 A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that when an ATS is provided, an ATS representative is present at the pilots' oral briefing. (see paragraph 13.3). 24 EMERGENCY COVER 24.1 Emergency Services (a) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that Emergency Services are available at the Flying Display. The scale of personnel and equipment at the display location or on call from within the local area will depend on the size and composition of the event itself. The Police, Ambulance and Fire services should always be included, but participation by other Agencies will be at the discretion of the Flying Display Director. (b) A Flying Display Director should take the following into account when determining the level of protection to be provided at a display site from which aircraft are operating:

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets (i) The characteristics of the largest participating aircraft; (ii) The content of ICAO Annex 14 relevant to rescue and fire-fighting services; and (iii) National Requirements. (c) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that, when aircraft are not landing at, or operating from the display site, the standard of emergency services reflects the requirements of the event itself. However, the Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that arrangements are made for additional resources to be available in the event of a major accident or incident. (d) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for ensuring that suitable specialised rescue equipment is available where the display site is situated close to water, swampy areas or any other difficult environmental location. (e) Although the overall responsibility for liaison with the Emergency services may rest with the Event Organiser, the Flying Display Director would be advised to ensure that; (i) Police - The local Police are informed well in advance of any planned event in order to prepare the necessary safety and security arrangements and that, in co-operation with the Police, clear approach and exit routes are available for emergency service vehicles in the event of an accident;

(ii) Ambulance and First Aid Services - Depending on the size of the event and the number of spectators expected, medical and first aid facilities as well as ambulances are available at the display site during the flying event, staffed by appropriately qualified personnel; and (iii) Fire Services - Depending on the size of the event, an adequate fire-fighting and rescue service, suitably located and equipped, is held in readiness at the display site in case of an aircraft accident either on or near the display site. 24.2 Aerodrome Emergency Planning (a) A Flying Display Director should be responsible for drawing up an Emergency Plan incorporating the various Emergency Services to deal with an aircraft accident or incident or other ground emergency. (b) The Emergency Plan should contain details of the following: (i) The type of emergency, aircraft or ground (e.g. aircraft incidents, bomb threats etc.); (ii) Agencies involved in the plan; (iii) The responsibilities and role of each Agency; (iv) A grid map of the display location showing all emergency points, access routes and control centres; (v) Communications; and (vi) Names, designations, contact details (telephone/radio) and locations of responsible officials. (c) Depending on the size and complexity of the Flying Display, a Flying Display Director should: (i) Be responsible for ensuring that a designated Emergency Services Centre is set up manned by, or with immediate access communications to the individual Emergency Services and that communications links to the Flying Display Director, Air Traffic Service and other appropriate sections are provided; (ii) Hold a dedicated meeting with representatives of all the Emergency Services, before the date of the event, to ensure all the services are aware of the details of the Emergency Plan; and (iii) Consider making arrangements for continuous TV/Video cover of the complete Display for subsequent use should there be an accident or incident. Section 1/Part 3 5-15 01.02.97

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets APPENDIX 1

FLYING DISPLAY APPLICATION FORM

(Must be received at least 30 days before the event) This form provides the information necessary for the Authority to process any Permission or Exemption which may be required under national aviation law. Please answer all questions appropriate to the intended activity. 1 EVENT DETAILS

Name or nature of event: ....................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. Name of Display Site: ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. Date(s) including practice, press or alternate days: ................................................................................................ Time(s) of Flying Activity (Local): ........................................................................................................................... Name of Event Organiser: ...................................................................................................................................... Address: .................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................. Telephone/Fax Numbers Office: ..................................... .................................................................. Private:

Name of Flying Display Director: ............................................................................................................................ (person responsible for organising flying) (aeronautical background is attached) Address: ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................ Telephone/Fax Numbers Office: ................................ Private: ..................................................................

SITE LAYOUT

Map Sheet No .......................... National Grid Reference: ................................................................. (or Lat/Long) Large scale up-to-date Maps must be attached to show location and layout of the site area including details of: (i) Display axis/axes. (ii) Boundaries of display area. (iii) Spectator's enclosures and car parks.

ATS CO-ORDINATION

For any necessary Airspace co-ordination action, please indicate extent of aerial activity:

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets (i) Name and Classification of airspace (A-G) ...................................................................................................... (ii) Maximum height required...............ft AMSL (iii) Maximum radius from display site...........km (iv) Local flights by fixed or rotary wing aircraft: ..................................................................................................... (v) Name of Authority consulted: ........................................................................................................................... (vi) Details of agreements reached: .......................................................................................................................

INSURANCE

(i) Details of Policy: .............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Name of Insurer: .............................................................................................................................................. (iii) Third Party and Public Liability sum covered: .................................................................................................. (iv) Any other information: ...................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................
(A copy of the Certificate will be required by the Authority before a Permission can be granted.)

CONSULTATION WITH EMERGENCY SERVICES

(Copies of relevant documents to be attached.)

POLICE Name of Authority Consulted: ............................................................................................................. (ii) Address: ........................................................................................................................................................... ............................................. Telephone/Fax Numbers: ................................................................................... (iii) Details of Agreements reached: ....................................................................................................................... FIRE SERVICE Name of Authority Consulted: ................................................................................................

(ii) Address: ........................................................................................................................................................... ............................................. Telephone/Fax Numbers: ................................................................................... (iii) Details of Agreements reached: ....................................................................................................................... MEDICAL SERVICES Name of Authority Consulted: .......................................................................................... (ii) Address: ...........................................................................................................................................................

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets ............................................. Telephone/Fax Numbers: ................................................................................... (iii) Details of Agreements reached: .......................................................................................................................

CHARGES (Where applicable)

Cheque or Draft No:................................ for Display Charge of ........................... is enclosed.

(This must be received before a Permission can be granted.)

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets 7 PARTICIPATING AIRCRAFT SECTION (Subject to change)

All aircraft, both Civil and Military, Parachute Teams and Model aircraft must be included: It is appreciated that full details may not be available at the time of application, but as much information as possible should be provided. Copies should be provided to appropriate Authorities under paragraph 3 and 5 Aircraft type Registration Operator or owner Pilot Licence type DA No. (if held) Min Ht Activity

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets 8 CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE BY FLYING DISPLAY DIRECTOR

I ................................................................................................................................................................. being the Flying Director of a Flying Display to be held at ............................................................................................................................................................

on .................................................... hereby certify that the event has been, or will be, organised in accordance with the relevant provisions of (JAA Reference) except in the following cases, where I apply for an Exemption/Dispensation. I further certify that the appropriate charge for the Permission requested has been paid to the Authority. Exemption/Dispensation requested:

Signed: ....................................................................................................................... Date: ...............................................

When completed, this form, together with any attachments and the appropriate fee (where applicable) should be forwarded to: Civil Aviation Authority (National address)

to arrive at least 30 days before the event. Particularly in the busy display season it may not be possible to process applications giving the Authority shorter notice.

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets APPENDIX 2 - MANOEUVRES INCLUDED IN THE VARIOUS AEROBATIC SKILL LEVELS 1 PURPOSE

1.1 The lists of aerobatic figures form guidelines for the degree of difficulty or complexity of figures which can be expected within each of the four Aerobatic Categories or Skill Levels listed in paragraph 1.1(i) of this Leaflet. 1.2 A demonstration of safe and competent flying of an appropriate range of figures from those listed below shows the ability of the pilot to fly aerobatics in a given category, for the purpose of the issue or renewal of a Pilot Display Authorisation 1.3 The manoeuvres are divided into nine Families within each Skill Level. Reference should be made to the FAI Aerobatic Catalogue but it should be appreciated that some manoeuvres are not contained in that catalogue although they are recognised Internationally. 1,4 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) The nine Families are; Family 1 - Lines and Angles Family 2 - Turns and Rolling Turns Family 3 - Not in use by the FAI Family 4 - Spins Family 5 - Stall Turns (Hammerheads) Family 6 - Tail Slides Family 7 - Loops and Eights Family 8 - Combinations of Lines, Angles, Loops and Rolls

(i) Family 9 - Rolls 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 STANDARD/SPORTSMAN Lines - Mainly horizontal in normal flight. Turns - Turns through 90 to 360 degrees in normal flight. Spins - Normal Spins of one turn, with entry and exit in normal flight. Stall Turns - Stall Turns with normal entry and exit. Loops and Eights - Inside circular Loops with normal entry and exit.

2.6 Combinations - Half an inside Loop followed by a half Roll ("Roll off the Top".) Five eighths of an inside Loop combined with a half Roll on climbing entry or diving exit Line ("Reverse Half Cuban 8" or "Half Cuban 8") 2.7 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 Rolls - Slow (Aileron) Rolls on horizontal line. INTERMEDIATE Lines and Angles Lines - Mainly horizontal or 45 degree climbing or diving Lines in normal flight. Angles - Change of flight path between Lines normally through Angles of not more than 90 degrees. Positive flick (Snap) Roll on horizontal line.

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3.2 3.3

JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets Turns - Turns through 90 to 360 degrees, starting and finishing in normal or inverted flight. Spins - Normal Spins of one or two turns with entry and exit in normal flight.

3.4 Stall Turns - Stall turns with normal entry and exit, with or without quarter Rolls in the vertical climb and/or dive. 3.5 Loops and Eights - Inside Half Loops, Loops and "Cuban 8s" with normal entry and exit. Loops may be circular or square. 3.6 Combinations - Half to five eighths of an inside Loop may be combined with entry or exit Lines and Angles. Quarter or half Rolls may be included on the Lines. 3.7 Rolls - By definition these are inserted in Lines or other figures. Slow (Aileron) Rolls, 2 Point or 4 Point Rolls, with between a quarter and one rotation flown in any one of the positions referred to above. Positive Flick (Snap) Roll on 45 degree diving Line. 4 4.1 ADVANCED Lines and Angles

4.1.1 Lines - Horizontal, climbing and diving in normal flight and vertical Lines climbing and diving. All Lines may be flown with or without Rolls. 4.1.2 Angles - Flight through any Angle between such lines, with a change of flight path typically between 45 and 135 degrees. 4.2 Turns and Rolling Turns - Turns through 90 to 360 degrees starting and finishing in normal or inverted flight, with or without Rolls, with rotation in the same or opposite direction to the Turn. 4.3 Spins - Normal and Inverted Spins of one turn with entry and exit in normal or inverted flight.

4.4 Stall Turns - Stall Turns with normal or inverted entry and exit with or without Rolls in the vertical climb and/or dive. 4.5 Loops and Eights - Inside and outside Half Loops, Loops and Horizontal Eights ("inside" + "outside"), with normal or inverted entry and exit. Loops may be circular, square, diamond or eight-sided. Rolls may be inserted in Loops and Eights. 4.6 Combinations of Lines, Angles, Loops and Rolls - Half to three-quarters of an inside or outside Loop may be combined with entry or exit Lines or Angles and Rolls may be included on the Lines. 4.7 Rolls - by definition these are inserted in Lines or other figures. Slow (Aileron) Rolls, 2 Point, 4 Point or 8 Point Rolls, Positive Flick (Snap) Rolls with typically between a quarter and one rotation flown in any of the positions referred to above. 5 UNLIMITED

5.1 By definition there is no restriction on the figures which a pilot flying in the Unlimited Category may perform. 5.2 Lines and Angles - Similar to Advanced Category but including more advanced combinations. Horizontal and other Lines of "Knife edge" flight may be flown. 5.3 Turns and Rolling Turns - Turns through 90 to 360 degrees starting and finishing in normal or inverted flight, with or without Rolls, with rotation in the same and/or opposite direction to the Turn. [The whole Turn might be at an inclined angle.] 5.4 Spins - Normal and Inverted Spins of one or two turns with entry and exit in normal or inverted flight. [Flat Spins might be demonstrated.]

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JAA Administrative & Guidance Material Section One: General Part 3: Temporary Guidance Leaflets 5.5 Stall Turns - Stall Turns with normal or inverted entry and exit, with or without Rolls in the vertical climb and/or dive. 5.6 dive. Tail Slides - Tail Slides with normal or inverted entry and exit, with Rolls in the vertical climb and/or

5.7 Loops and Eights - Inside and outside Half Loops, Loops and Horizontal Eights (including "double outside"), with normal or inverted entry and exit; Eights with climbing or diving entry and/or exit. Loops may be entered at the top (e.g. Bunts). Loops may be circular, square, diamond or eight sided. Rolls may be inserted in several positions in Loops and Eights. [Loops may have diving entry and/or exit; Vertical Eights and "S's" may be flown; all figures in this Family may be flown at an inclined angle.] 5.8 Combinations of Lines, Angles, Loops and Rolls - Half to three quarters of an inside or outside Loop may be combined with entry or exit Lines and Angles and Rolls may be included on the Lines [or Loops]. 5.9 Rolls - by definition these are inserted in Lines or other figures. Slow (Aileron) Rolls, 2 Point, 4 Point or 8 Point Rolls, positive Flick (Snap) Rolls, negative Flick (Snap) Rolls with typically between a quarter and two rotations flown in any position. [Multiple Rolls of any type may be flown in a vast number of combinations with other figures. Many different Point Rolls are possible.] [Torque Rolls are like a rolling Tail Slide, rolling vertically up then backwards an aircraft length or so.] 5.10 Lomcevaks - This Family encompasses a variety of figures characterised by a climbing Line or Loop followed by different attitudes of auto-rotation induced by a combination of aerodynamic and torque effects. Simple, relatively uncontrolled "tumbles" are basic examples of Lomcevaks.

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