Flood Management

A. Azad, Sr. Irrigation Engineer Chanin Manopiniwes, Infrastructure Economist

Flooding is a serious and growing development challenge.

The occurrence of floods is the most frequent among all natural disasters globally.
Flood events, 1970-2011

Increasing risk & impact

Climate change is perceived to have a significant impact on flood risk, while urbanization is compounds flood risk, and urban areas have been hit particularly hard by flooding.
Urban agglomerations with more than 750,000 inhabitants, 2010

Water Resources Strategy

Water Resources Management and Development is essential for growth poverty reduction. & Assist with stock of well functioning infrastructure. New business model for high risk, high reward engagement. Tailor to country conditions, consistent with the Country Assistance Strategy (CAS).

Approved projects 1987-2011

(US$14.3 billion)
800 700 Commitment amount 600 US$ million 500 400 Number of approved projects 24 20 16 Number of projects 32 28

300
200 100 0

12
8 4 0

Fiscal Year

Projects by region
AFR (14) 18% EAP (15) 20%

LAC (21) 27%

SAR (9) 12%

MNA (7) 9%

ECA (11) 14%

Pipeline projects
World Bank pipeline for fiscal year 2012-2013:
33 projects related to flood management. Total expected funding of US$1.8 billion.

East Asia & Pacific:

major water resources programs.... major challenges!
Policy work: Water Resources Assistance Strategies: Regional Strategy 2003, China 2002, Philippines 2003, Mekong Basin 2005. Challenge: Balancing rapid development with: megacities, declining water quantity & quality, environmental degradation, major flood & drought risks.

Very large operational agenda, with primary focus: Halt groundwater & surface water overexploitation (China). Reduce pollution (China, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam). Safeguard environmental flows (China, Philippines, Indonesia, Mekong). Improve flood mgmt. (China, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia). Stabilize watersheds (China, Philippines, Indonesia). Address transboundary issues (Mekong region). Improve water supply and sanitation (WSS) and irrigation and development (I&D) (China, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia AND Laos (Nam Theun II hydropower, poverty alleviation, infrastructure investments).

Policy Implications
Urban flooding is becoming more dangerous and more costly to manage. Repeating past mistakes can have disastrous consequences for the present and the future. Policy makers require a clear vision of the alternatives and the methods and tools to assist them in making the right choices.

A concerted effort needs to be made today to promote Integrated Flood Risk Management!
Multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. Comprehensive, locally specific, integrated, and balanced measures across all involved sectors. Robust solutions can contribute to flood risk reduction, at the same time creating opportunities to promote better and more sustainable urban development.

A forward-looking approach: Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management

o Operational guidance on how to manage the risk of floods in a quickly transforming urban environment and changeable climate. o Over fifty case studies, a series of how-to sections and a set of guiding policy principles, illustrate the state-of-the-art approach to integrated urban flood risk management. o Comprehensive and user-friendly, this guide serves as a primer for decision and policy makers, technical specialists, central, regional and local government officials, and concerned stakeholders in the community sector, civil society and nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector.

GFDRR - Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

Guiding Principles
1. Every flood risk scenario is different: there is no flood management blueprint. 2. Designs for flood management must be able to cope with a changing and uncertain future. 3. Rapid urbanization requires the integration of flood risk management into regular urban planning and governance. 4. An integrated strategy requires the use of both structural and non-structural measures and good metrics for getting the balance right. 5. Heavily engineered structural measures can transfer risk upstream and downstream.

6. It is impossible to eliminate entirely the risk from flooding.

7. Many flood management measures have multiple beneficial side-effects. 8. It is important to consider the wider social and ecological consequences of flood management spending. 9. Clarity of responsibility for constructing and running flood risk programs is critical. 10. Implementing flood risk management measures requires multi-stakeholder cooperation. 11. Continuous communication to raise awareness and reinforce preparedness is necessary. 12. Plan to recover quickly after flooding and use the recovery to build capacity.

Prepare for the Unexpected!

The implementation of both structural and non-structural measures will require wider participation and a change in traditional management methods to be successful: o Measures need to be linked to existing urban planning and management policies and practices. o Greater coordination between city governments, national governments, ministries, public sector companies, civil society, nongovernment organizations, educational institutions, research centers, and the private sector.

Asset Management
(building is easy maintaining is not)
The systematic and structured combination of management, financial, economic and engineering practices to plan for the creation or acquisition, maintenance, operation, replacement and disposal of physical assets necessary to provide an agreed level of service in the most cost effective and sustainable manner.

2554 Thailand Floods

Rapid Assessment for Resilient Recovery and Reconstruction Planning

November 25, 2554

Water Resources and Flood Control Management Recommendations

Immediately rehabilitate and increase the drainage capacity of infrastructure and pumping stations. Reduce the maintenance gap of the vital hydraulic infrastructure assets. Accelerate the implementation of the Royal Initiative for Flood Controls and Management considering social impacts and land use compensation. Strengthen the 162 km Kings Dyke to 1/50 to 1/100 yr floods (est. 21 to 42 billion THB) and strengthen the ring dykes around the industrial parks. Update JICAs Integrated Plan for Flood Mitigation in the Chao Praya River Basin (1999).

Overarching Infrastructure Recommendations

Appoint a champion for water management, at high level, to bring together all actors in the sector. Move the existing water basin authority to central position under the champion. Develop a comprehensive hydraulic model for the Chao Phraya River Basin, incorporating climate change impacts. Complete a hazard mapping program for all areas within the Basin, focusing on floods. For roads, identify networks of strategic links that must be kept open at all times, and prepare them to achieve this. Comprehensive waste and sewage management and modernization plan.