DRAFT

Annual Performance Report

January November 2011

November 2011

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The mission of ASARECA is to enhance regional collective action in agricultural research for development, extension, training, and education to promote economic growth, fight poverty, eradicate hunger and enhance sustainable use of resources in Eastern and Central Africa (ECA). ASARECA is a sub-regional organization covering ten countries in ECA, namely: Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. It supports regionally planned and implemented activities in agricultural research, advisory services, training and education. In order to effectively steer its interventions, ASARECA has a 10-year Strategic Plan (2007-2016) and a five year Operational Plan (2009-2013). These plans detail the implementation of the strategy, including research programs, as well as the key changes to research, management and governance structures necessary for delivery. The guiding goal of ASARECA is Enhanced competitiveness of sub-Regional agricultural systems. This goal feeds into the ASARECAs strategic objective that focuses on Increased economic growth and improved social welfare in the ECA region while enhancing the quality of the environment. On the other hand, ASARECA is guided by the MDTF Project Development Objective (PDO) that seeks to enhance access and utilization of agricultural research technologies and innovations in the regional agricultural systems of Eastern and Central Africa. This report is a summary of the progress made in all the implemented projects in 2011, thanks for the support from the MDTF, USAID and the African Development Bank through FARA. During this period under review, ASARECA and its partner NARS reviewed, revised and re-aligned the Logframes and program strategic plans to feed into the continental agenda of CAADP Pillar IV. This also included provision of technical support and backstopping roles in two projects: the East African Agricultural Productivity Project (EAAPP), and Sustainable Intensification of Maize Legume cropping system for food security in Eastern and Southern Africa (SIMLESA). Overall, the progress on performance was satisfactory. The key achievements registered included and not limited to the following: 1. Call for Concept Notes and Proposal development of new projects. Based on the ASARECAs Competitive Grants System that aims at improving research efficiency by promoting innovative research and provision of incentives for research partnerships and collaboration, several Concept Notes and Proposals were issued, followed by screening and technical reviews. Through this process, up to 21 new projects are at different stages of screening and approval. 2. Programme Development. During the reporting period, ASARECA: Facilitated Planning and Priority setting workshops for the EAAPPs Centres of Excellence. Key meetings included: priority setting workshop for Cassava, Rice and Wheat Regional Centre of Excellence (CRCoE, RRCoE & WRCoE respectively) and Project Management Development workshops for CRCoE and Regional Rice Centre of Excellence (RRCoE). During these subregional planning meetings, budgets were refined, and Logframes and Performance Monitoring Plans (PMPs) reviewed. Commodity-based Results Frameworks and PMPs were also finalized in August, while baseline survey tools were not only developed, but also the studies commenced in all the four Centres of Excellence. Final Baseline Reports are expected before the end of the year. Facilitated the development of 5 project proposals for regional collaboration under the EAAPP Regional Dairy Centre of Excellence (RDCoE). The process involved identification of topics for the first batch of regional proposals by participating countries. Selection of these topics was based on on-going projects within ASARECAs Livestock and Fisheries Program with the potential of scaling out and having tangible spillovers. The Technical Review Teams reviewed the full proposals and submitted them to the EAAPP Coordination offices in member countries for funding. These projects will be launched before the end of 2011. Supported the generation of 107 technologies and innovations (out of the annual target of 112). These technologies and innovations focus on the: (i) management of the natural resource base supporting agriculture (especially soil and water); (ii) improvement of the genetic profile of crops and animals; (iii) reduction of the biotic constraints (such as pests, weeds, and diseases) that decrease yields; and (iv) provision of affordable high quality seeds for the farmers. On the other 1

hand, up to 104 demand-driven gender-responsive technologies and innovations (out of the annual target of 947) have been lined up for uptake by targeted stakeholders. Provided technical support to new projects (especially on monitoring and evaluation and gender mainstreaming) during project proposal development, especially the new projects. Support focused on development of Results Frameworks, identification and selection of key performance indicators, setting of interim and end-of-project targets, as well as preparation for baseline studies. Up to 18 projects incorporated gender responsive agricultural systems. Analyzed, reviewed, and recommended policy options for ensuring an enabling environment for agricultural sector performance in ECA. Up to 25 policies, laws, regulations and procedures were analyzed, 9 were presented for legislation and dialogue, while 5 were approved (e.g. Kenya Seed Policy, Uganda PVP Bill, and East African Standard for Seed Potato). Efforts are underway to harmonize approaches for generation, analysis and dissemination of agricultural market information by accredited institutions in the region and to build capacity in using market information to forecast trends in key food security indicators. Participated in the national and regional planning and program steering committee meetings for the SIMLESA project. In this project, ASARECA is tasked with the implementation of Objective 4: To support the development of regional and local innovation systems. The key outputs are: (i) Functional M&E system incorporated; (ii) Mainstreaming of gender sensitivity in research activities in the five primary program countries; and (iii) Knowledge of relevant program innovations and germplasm available within the five target countries. 1. Financial Management: By 31st October 2011 (the end of the 10th month of the financial year), ASARECA received a total actual funding of US$ 18,887,157 against the budget of US$ 17,267,000 (109% funding achievement of the annual budget). This funding increase is attributed to the additional funding committed by WB-MDTF through amendment of the trust fund agreement with an incremental funding of US$ 14,054,850. So far, the total MDTF grant up to 31st December 2013 is US$ 50,033,440. With regards to budget utilization/actual expenditure, up to US$ 10,518,204 (61% budget utilization) was recorded. The ASARECA Accounts were audited by external auditors (Deloitte & Touche), and the clean and unqualified independent reports presented to the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in May 2011. 2. Internal Audits. To ensure adherence to procedures and standards, quarterly internal audits have been carried out on all programs and projects. The key findings have been shared with the ASARECA management for adjustments. 3. Board of Directors Meeting. Two Executive Committee meetings of the Board of Directors were held in May (Ethiopia) and September (Entebbe), while the full Board of Directors was held in June (Madagascar). Through these meetings, strategic decisions including staff remuneration and welfare, as well as organizational performance and learning strategies were discussed. 4. Internal and Program Reviews. To enhance organizational development and growth, ASARECA hosted three reviews, namely: the 10-year Impact Assessment of USAID-funded projects, the Mid-Term Review of the ASARECAs Operational Plan (2008-2013) by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund, as well as the ASARECA Internal Review by PriceWaterHouseCoopers. Reports of these reviews are out, while the Final Aide Memoire from MDTF is forthcoming. 5. Secretariat Systems and Procedures. In order to ensure managing for results in all its interventions, ASARECA continued to refine, not only its systems and procedures, but also those of the supported projects. These systems and procedures included: revision of the Operations Manual; review of the program Logframes; and review of project M&E tools and methodologies. This process is ongoing. 6. Capacity Development. In seeking to strengthen the capacity of individuals and institutions, the following set of activities were implemented: The Gender Mainstreaming Specialist of ASARECA facilitated 7 training workshops, not only for the ASARECA staff, but also for selected members of the NARS. The workshops were held in Entebbe (for ASARECA staff); Ethiopia (for the EIAR staff); and Arusha and Morogoro (for the SIMLESA team). A total of 355 participants (123 females, 232 males) benefited from these gender mainstreaming trainings. 2

The Partnerships and Capacity Development (PCD) Unit facilitated capacity building workshops, including training on Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) and Value Chain Development (VCD) for 20 ASARECA Program staff (14 males; 6 females), and 57 (48 males, 9 females) Principal Investigators and National Focal Persons. Three sensitization seminars on Universities, Business and research in Agricultural Innovation (UniBRAIN) initiative were also held for NARO, KARI and DRD. Similarly, the Unit coordinated two workshops in Rwanda and Sudan for the Strengthening the Capacity for Agricultural Innovations (SCAIN), which is a follow up project of Strengthening the Capacity for Agricultural Research and Development in Africa (SCARDA) Project. The two workshops involved training IPTA members on needs identification and analysis, as well as strategy development and AIS and VCD approaches. A third joint leadership and management workshop involving all three SCARDA countries was also conducted to allow lesson sharing between these three countries. The M&E Unit, in collaboration with the Gender Specialist conducted a series of Training of Trainers (ToT) workshops on Impact Assessment, Data Quality Management, Managing for Results, Performance Reporting, Performance Monitoring Plan (PMP), and Performance Measurement Framework (PMF). During these workshops, a total of 116 participants (94 males; 22 females) were guided in the practical M&E, including the development of PMP, and the co-generation of PMF. With regards to establishment of M&E systems and structures, the Unit continued to develop appropriate structures and user-friendly systems for monitoring and evaluation at organizational, program, and project levels. For example, M&E policies and procedures have been reviewed under the Revised Operations Manual, thus ensuring streamlining and harmonization of M&E operations at various levels. In general, through short-term training activities, a total of 14,696 persons (7,242 males; 7,454 females) benefited from short-term training programs. The training areas included: Application of technologies for drought mitigation in sorghum agro-ecologies; Integrated Striga management technologies; Management of CBSD and CMD diseases, Scientific writing, Pearl Millet breeding, Soil Fertility Management; Crop Residue Management; Marker assisted selection for Striga resistance in sorghum; Agricultural practices of climbing beans; Fodder establishment; Remote sensing; Cooking sweet potato leaves, among others. As part of enhancing long-term support and skills acquisition on agricultural research for development, total of 70 students (14 PhD, 49 MSc, 6 BSc, and 1 Certificate) benefited or continued to benefit from ASARECAs long term trainings on Agricultural Productivity. Selected institutions within the ASARECA member countries received support towards strengthening their infrastructure capacity. Through this initiative, up to 111 different institutions was supported. To enhance ASARECAs interventions in the region, up to 44 different partners either formed new or strengthened existing partnerships to address common goals. The activities of these partners were mainly carried out under Memoranda of Understandings or Letters of Agreements and/or Workplans.

Enhanced availability of information on agricultural innovation. During the year, ASARECA facilitated the production of over 350 different information packages (such as peer-reviewed journal articles (18), books (6), chapters in books (28), electronic newsletters (23), conference proceedings (27), manuals, etc). These products were made available to partners through over 50 different delivery pathways (such as websites, flyers, TV, radio, SMS, dissemination events, media events, farm trials, among others). The following table summarizes the performance of ASARECA against the Annual and Operational Plan (OP) Targets. During the year, ASARECA achieved a minimum of 77% of its annual targets, while cumulative achievement against the OP target was above average in most of the indicators (see Table 1 for details).

Table 1: ASARECA's Performance against Annual and OP Targets

Selected Key Performance Indicator Actual OP Performance/Target {cumulativ Target (%) e 2009Annual OP 2009-11} 13 Purpose: Enhanced utilization of agricultural research and development innovations in Eastern and Central Africa 1. Number of stakeholders accessing the technologies 209,77 and innovations 100,681 83 48.0 8 Output 2: Enhanced Generation of Demand Driven Agricultural Technologies and Innovations 2.1. Number of demand driven technologies and innovations generated 268 381 90 70.3 2.2. Number of demand driven gender responsive technologies made available to uptake pathway 290 431 89 67.3

Output 3: Enhanced Adoption of Policy Options by decision Makers to improve performance of the Agricultural sector in ECA 3.1. Number of Policies, laws, regulations and procedures analyzed 57 66 133 86.4 3.2. Number of Policies, laws, regulations & procedures presented for legislation or decree 3.3. Number of policy options approved 34 17 60 34 106 77 56.7 50.0

Output 4: Strengthened Capacity for implementing agricultural research for development in ECA sub region 4.1. Number of ASARECA projects that have incorporated gender responsive agricultural innovation systems 55 89 102 61.8 4.2. Number of stakeholders whose capacity building needs have been addressed 4.3. Number of infrastructure developed 4.4. Number of partnerships formed 45,264 316 172 85,190 388 229 89 97 105 53.1 81.4 75.1

Output 5: Enhanced availability of information on agricultural technologies and innovations in ECA sub region 5.1. Number of appropriate information packages produced 565 801 99 70.5 5.2. Number of appropriate information delivery pathways used 149 279 87 53.4

Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................i 1. Background..................................................................................................1 2. Performance Progress...................................................................................2 2.1. Output 1: Gender-Responsive Governance and Management strengthened. . .2 2.1.1. Pluralistic decision making process..........................................................................2 2.1.2. Compliance with organizational operational procedures and standards...................4 2.1.3. Percent change in funding from development partners and/or private sector.........5 2.2. Output 2: Enhanced generation of demand driven agricultural technologies and innovations.................................................................................................5 2.2.1. Number of demand-driven technologies and innovations generated.......................5 2.2.2. Number of demand driven gender responsive Technologies/ innovations made available to uptake pathway...............................................................................................12 2.3. Output 3: Enhanced adoption of policy options by decision makers to improve performance of the agricultural sector in the ECA sub-region.............................16 2.4. Output 4: Strengthened Capacity for Implementing Agricultural Research for Development in ECA sub-region........................................................................21 2.5. Output 5: Enhanced availability of information on agricultural technologies and innovations in ECA sub-region....................................................................28 2.5.1. Number of appropriate information delivery pathways used..................................29 3. Contribution of outputs to ASARECA higher level results...............................31 4. Plans for the Next Reporting Period.............................................................32 5. Conclusion..................................................................................................32 6. Case Study.................................................................................................33 7. Annexes.....................................................................................................35 7.1.1. Electronic newsletters............................................................................................35 7.1.2. Journals..................................................................................................................35 7.1.3. Books & Book Chapters..........................................................................................36 7.1.4. Manuscripts & Research Draft Papers....................................................................38 7.1.5. Booklets.................................................................................................................41 7.1.6. Manuals & Field Guide............................................................................................41 7.1.7. Documentaries.......................................................................................................42 7.1.8. Policy Briefs............................................................................................................42 7.1.9. Posters...................................................................................................................43 7.1.10. Leaflets, Flyers & Fact Sheets................................................................................44 7.1.11. Pamphlets..............................................................................................................44 7.1.12. CD-Rom..................................................................................................................44 7.1.13. Website Designed..................................................................................................44 7.1.14. Brochures...............................................................................................................44 7.1.15. Monographs...........................................................................................................44 7.1.16. General Reports {Workshops, Annual Reports, etc}..............................................45 7.1.17. Newspaper articles.................................................................................................45 7.1. Annex 2: ASARECA M&E information matrix Targets and Actual Values.....46 7.2. Annex 3: Acronyms...................................................................................48 Annex 3: Acronyms

List of Tables
Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1: ASARECA's Performance against Annual and OP Targets.........................................iv 2: Status of ASARECA-funded projects (2011-2013)......................................................2 3: Gender Mainstreaming Trainings..............................................................................3 4: Hectares of land under seed multiplication.............................................................13 5: Tons of Quality Seed produced...............................................................................14 6: List of Draft East African Standards for Cassava, Sweet Potatoes & Related Products18 7: Participants of Short-term Trainings.......................................................................24 8: Students' Program supported by ASARECA Initiatives............................................26 9: Types of Infrastructure established/strengthened...................................................26 10: Types of Partnerships formed/strengthened.........................................................27 11: Types of Publications produced............................................................................29 12: Media Coverage....................................................................................................30 13: Banana attacked by BBW......................................................................................34 14: List of Electronic Newsletters................................................................................35 15: List of Documentaries...........................................................................................42 16: Cumulative Targets and Actuals (based on OP)....................................................46 16: Cumulative Targets and Actuals (based on OP)

List of Figures
Figure 1: Genetically engineered maize in ECA...........................................................................................6 Figure 2: Striga resistant lines being multiplied for seed production, Sudan..................................6 Figure 3: Fruit juices formulated by Sokoine University.........................................................................11 Figure 4: Amaranth cream soup developed by Sokoine University...................................................11 Figure 5: Dried Amaranth leaf packet...........................................................................................................11 Figure 6: Performance of QPM variety - Lishe K1 in farmer field, Kilindi IPTA, Tanzania...........13 Figure 7: Banana attacked by BBW................................................................................................................34 Figure 8: Skalion (above) displays healthy banana from his recovered orchard.........................34 Figure 8: Skalion (above) displays healthy banana from his recovered orchard

1. Background
The Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) is a non-political organization of the National Agricultural Research Institutes (NARIs) of ten countries: Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The Director Generals of the NARIs are also members of the Board of Directors (besides relevant representatives from other sectors). The organization supports regionally planned and implemented activities in agricultural research, advisory services, training and education. It is guided by the Mission, To enhance regional collective action in agricultural research for development, extension, training, and education to promote economic growth, fight poverty, eradicate hunger and enhance sustainable use of resources in Eastern and Central Africa (ECA). ASARECA is strategically positioned to link the East and Central Africa to other sub-Regions in the pursuit of contributing to the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP), specifically Pillar IV. In order to play this role, ASARECA has developed four key documents: The 10-year Strategic Plan (2007-2016); the 5-year Operational Plan (2009-2013); The Constitution; and the Operations Manual. These plans and documents provide details of the implementation strategies of the research programs, as well as the key changes to research, management and governance structures necessary for delivery of these continental expectations. To meet these expectations, ASARECA follows its guiding goal of Enhanced competitiveness of sub-Regional agricultural systems. The competitiveness focuses on how to develop and use technology with reduced national and regional cost of production over time. It also looks at strategies of improving quality, enhance innovation of new products, and provide marketing strategies under a favourable policy environment. This goal feeds into the organizations strategic objective (super goal) that focuses on Increased economic growth and improved social welfare in the ECA region while enhancing the quality of the environment. These high-level results are supported by the Purpose that aims at Enhanced utilization of agricultural research and development innovations in Eastern and Central Africa. To ensure continued and comparable tracking of achievements of these results, ASARECA operates under the following five Key Outputs: 1. Strengthened gender-responsive governance and management 2. Enhanced generation and uptake of demand driven agricultural technologies and innovations 3. Enhanced adoption of policy options by decision makers to improve performance of the agricultural sector in ECA 4. Strengthened capacity for implementing agricultural research for development in ECA 5. Enhanced availability of information on agricultural technologies and innovations in the ECA. To meet these Key Outputs, ASARECA has positioned itself to conduct its research-fordevelopment work through seven programs, namely: Staple Crops, High Value Non-Staple Crops, Livestock and Fisheries, Agro-biodiversity and Biotechnology, Natural Resource Management and Biodiversity, Policy Analysis and Advocacy, and Up-scaling and Knowledge Management. The programs are supported by four service units namely: Finance and Administration; Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation; Partnerships and Capacity Development; and Information and communication. These programs closely work with key stakeholders, such as: rural farmers and pastoralists, national research institutions, advanced research institutions, farmer organisations, government departments and ministries, the private sector, extension agencies, universities, and non-government organisations. During this reporting period, over 50 projects were supported through the ongoing ASARECAs Competitive Grants System. Out of these, 16 were closed, while 30 are targeted for closure by end of the year. A total of 16 old projects (11 in 2012 and 5 in 2013) will still receive ASARECA support. Up to 21 new projects are in the pipeline (see Table 2 for details).
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Table 2: Status of ASARECA-funded projects (2011-2013)

Program Staple Crops High Value Non-Staple Crops Agro-Biodiversity & Biotech Livestock & Fisheries Natural Resources Mgt Policy Analysis & Advocacy Knowledge Mgt & Upscaling Info & Communication Partnerships & Capacity Devt TOTAL 30 Sept 11 8 3 3 1 1 16 Old Projects ended/ending by 31 Dec 11 31 Dec 12 31 Dec 13 7 3 4 4 8 1 1 3 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 30 11 5 New Projects ending by 2013 2 1 4 2 1 2 3 15 Projects in the Pipeline 6 5 3 3 1 1 2 21 TOTAL 23 9 18 15 9 10 9 1 3 97

1. Performance Progress

In this section, this progress report presents the key achievements and progress made by ASARECA and its partners in pushing the research for development agenda. The section illustrates the key ASARECA results, as well as an aggregation of contributions from the 7 ASARECA programs and 4 core support units.

2.1.

Output 1: Gender-Responsive Governance and Management strengthened

This output captures the organizational development process. A key principle of the proposed changes in ASARECA is to expand and strengthen the governance bodies to better perform the oversight and stewardship functions. During the reporting period (as in previous periods), three Key Performance Indicators were tracked, and the results are as indicated below. 2.1.1. Pluralistic decision making process Pluralism refers to involvement of various stakeholders so that diverse skills and strengths of a broad range of stakeholders (e.g. NARIs, Universities, NGOs, public and the private sectors) are brought on board in the decision making processes. Under this indicator, the extent to which various stakeholders (categorized by gender) participated in the decision making processes of the Organization was tracked. The following achievements were recorded: a) Financial Management: By end of the 10th month of the financial year on 31st October 2011, the Secretariat has received a total actual funding of US$ 18,887,157 against the planned budget funding of US$ 17,267,000 representing 109% funding achievement of the annual budget. This funding increase was attributed to the additional funding committed by WB-MDTF through amendment of the trust fund agreement, with an incremental funding of US$ 14,054,850. This brought the total MDTF grant to US$ 50,033,440 (covering up to 31st December 2013). On the other hand, the budget utilization or actual expenditure incurred for the same period amounted to US$ 10,518,204 representing 61% budget utilization. With regards to liquidity, the Secretariat had a cash balance of US$ 9,466,439 at the close of books on 31st October 2011, implying that the Secretariat has been liquid and healthy. At the beginning of the year, the ASARECA Accounts were audited by external auditors (Deloitte & Touche) and whose clean and unqualified independent reports were presented to the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in May 2011. b) Recruitment To ensure and enhance continuity in program stewardship, two Unit Programme Assistants (for Monitoring and Evaluation unit, and Knowledge Management and Upscaling Program) were recruited on temporary basis, pending formal recruitment for these positions that fell vacant after resignation of the staffs. In addition, short-term consultants were engaged to conduct Internal Reviews; Impact Evaluation of USAID-funded projects; as well as to undertake selected capacity building activities. c) Gender Mainstreaming
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ASARECAs gender mainstreaming strategy has been reviewed and is being published. It aims at developing a better understanding of gender amongst the NARS and key partners; influencing donor and government agricultural policy towards becoming more gender responsive; securing adequate and equitable allocation of resources for gender mainstreaming and its institutionalization in ASARECA NARS. This strategy guides the Programme Managers and project implementers on the incorporation of gender analysis in research for development activities. So far, key performance indicators and results statements have been engendered. During the year, the Gender Expert facilitated Regional- and Program- level training workshops for ASARECA staff and researchers in the NARS of Burundi, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. These trainings led to profound understanding and appreciation of gender mainstreaming approaches by the ASARECA staffs and NARI research scientists, including translating the new Gender Mainstreaming approaches into performance indicators in programs and projects. Gender Mainstreaming Action Plans for Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and some ASARECA programs, were developed. Efforts were also made to ensure that the East African Agricultural Productivity Programme (EAAPP) and SIMLESA projects incorporated clear gender focus. The trainings have also fostered equity in participation, access to, and harnessing of the outcomes and impacts of innovation processes including technologies, practices, polices and information by a broad array of farming households and agricultural value chain actors in the region. Efforts have also been put in ensuring that the EAAPP and SIMLESA projects are started with very clear gender focus. During the year, a total of 355 people (232 males; 123 females) benefited from gender mainstreaming training (see Table 3 for details).
Table 3: Gender Mainstreaming Trainings Gender Mainstreaming Trainings ASARECA staff SIMLESA I Ethiopia SIMLESA II Action Planning for Kenya, Uganda and ASARECA DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, Madagascar and SIMLESA team Gender mainstreaming in bye-law formulation processes PAAP TOTAL Venue Entebbe (Uganda) Arusha (Tanzania) Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) Morogoro (Tanzania) Entebbe (Uganda) Bujumbura (Burundi) Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Entebbe (Uganda) Participants Female Male 13 18 9 20 19 50 14 16 15 14 28 34 25 80 123 232 Total 31 29 69 30 29 62 105 355

d) ASARECA BoD meetings Two Executive Committee meetings of the Board of Directors were held in May (Ethiopia) and September (Entebbe), while the full Board of Directors was held in June (Madagascar). Through these meetings, strategic decisions including staff remuneration and welfare, as well as organizational performance and learning strategies were discussed. e) Internal and Program Reviews To enhance organizational development and growth, ASARECA hosted three reviews, namely: the 10-year Impact Assessment of USAID-funded projects, the Mid-Term Review of the ASARECAs Operational Plan (2008-2013) by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund, as well as the ASARECA Internal Review by PriceWaterHouseCoopers. Reports of these reviews are out, while the final Aide Memoire from MDTF is anticipated in November. 2.1.1. Compliance with organizational operational procedures and standards This indicator tracks the level of observance of all ASARECA standards and procedures of its operations as spelled out in its guiding documents, such as: Constitution, Governance Manual, Operations Manual, Headquarters Agreement, etc. It also focuses on the performance of ASARECA with respect to the four pillars of governance, namely: Transparency, Accountability, Predictability and Participation. During the period under review, the following achievements were registered:
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a) Staff Performance Management The Performance Development Plans (PDP) for staff is in place, having been implemented for the past one year. This tool is used to record individual performance and any development gaps that require intervention. Through this tool, staff performance and rewards have been determined. For example, during the previous year (2010), all the staffs were awarded with an incremental rate of up to 4% on basis salary based on this tool.

b) Human Resource Information system

The HR and Administration has continued to implement change in order to centralise the ASARECA data and enhance service delivery. During the reporting year, the Unit implemented a Human Resource Information System (HRIS), which incorporates a Payroll System, an Online Performance Management, Recruitment details, Human Resource Data Administration, and Real Time Leave Management. The system also has an employee self service component where staff can access their data online, thus reducing the transaction time needed to access HR-related information. c) Host Country Agreement An amended Host Country Agreement has been cleared by both the Ministry of Justice and Finance of the Government of Uganda. This therefore paves the way for the agreement to be signed by the Minister for Agriculture, Animal and Fisheries and ASARECA management, thus paving way for ASARECA to attain a diplomatic status as an inter-governmental organisation. d) Programme Management Information Systems (PMIS) As part of the process of modifying the Projects Management Information System (PrMIS) and Grants Management Information System (GMIS) Modules of the PMIS, efforts were made in seeking to integrate these systems with the yet-to-be-developed M&E system. The Information and Communication Unit commissioned an onsite assessment on the readiness of the Secretariat systems to satisfy the requirements of the PMIS modification. The assessment recommended that the modification exercise be carried out in 3 phases. The first phase of the PMIS modification exercise has commenced. Results for this effort are forthcoming. In addition, the online Contacts MIS was finalised, resulting in better and more useful contacts database on the ASARECA website at http://www.asareca.org/directory/. This directory shows the details of the individuals, their institutions and the ASARECA Project on which they are working. According to the web statistics, it is one of the most frequented pages on the website. To ensure effective internal and external communication, as well as quick Internet connectivity, ASARECA procured the Kerio Server box and gateway. This technology has enabled equal sharing of bandwidth among Secretariat Staff while utilising both the main and secondary ISPs. The Wireless terminals at ASARECA have also been upgraded. In addition the power backup for the IT Systems was upgraded to cater for the increased incidences of electricity load-shedding in Uganda. e) Performance-Based M&E systems and procedures The M&E Unit continued to institutionalize the M&E System. At the organizational level, the M&E strategy was finalized and development of operational guidelines for the new projects initiated. Data collection tools to be used in tracking each of the ASARECA indicators are under development and will be discussed with Program Managers for use by them and project implementers. Performance baselines and targets have been selected for all outputs and outcomes presented in the ASARECA Results Framework. With regards to establishment of M&E systems and structures, the Unit continued to develop appropriate structures and user-friendly systems for monitoring and evaluation at organizational, program, and project levels. For example, M&E policies and procedures have been reviewed under the Revised Operations Manual, thus ensuring streamlining and harmonization of M&E operations at various levels. f) Outcomes and Impacts M&E ASARECA pushes for managing for results as well as performance assessment. A framework for outcomes and impact monitoring and evaluation is in place, and it articulates methods and
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approaches for tracking ASARECA outcome indicators, data and information requirements, as well as implementation modalities. As was reported in 2010, the planned impact assessments of two programmes, namely the Staple Crops and the Biodiversity and Biotechnology programs were conducted. Reports are available. Plans are underway to conduct independent reviews of the closed-out projects to enhance lesson learning and further management action. Reports on these reviews are anticipated in 1st Quarter, 2012. g) Internal and External Audit The internal auditor carried out routine program and projects internal audits. The findings were submitted to the Executive Director and Board of Directors for information and action. 2.1.1. Percent change in funding from development partners and/or private sector Under this result area, ASARECA defines funding as a non-compulsory transfer of funds from Development Partners and/or private sector to enable ASARECA to match its performance to its established purposes as stated in its mission. Following the restructuring in ASARECA, it was expected that the levels of funding would increase substantially from donors and member governments. Similarly, Development Partners and/or private sector mean individuals and organizations with associated interest in supporting the ASARECA mission. This indicator aims to track ASARECA funding levels, measured as a percentage of the baseline. Data are collected from the Annual Financial Audits During the reporting period, no new partner joined the ASARECA family, thus no additional resources were registered for agricultural research for development activities. However, joint planning and implementation continues for the two new projects the East Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (EAAPP) and Sustainable Intensification of Maize Legume intercrop for improved livelihoods in Eastern and Southern Africa (SIMLESA) of partners. Implementation agreements for USD 3.2 million and USD 800,000 respectively that were signed have been undertaken. ASARECA has continued to play its role as convenor, and carried out capacity building and technical backstopping in M&E, gender mainstreaming, and knowledge management and up-scaling.

2.2. Output 2: Enhanced generation of demand driven agricultural technologies and

innovations This result focuses on facilitating the process of generating technologies, identifying appropriate pathways, methods and approaches for upscaling the identified technologies and innovations. The following section describes the key achievements realized during this reporting period.

2.2.1.Number of demand-driven technologies and innovations generated

As a standard guideline, ASARECA defines technology as as one or a combination of tools, equipment, genetic resources (genetic materials or breeds/varieties), production practices, methodologies/protocols, post-harvest/value addition products & practices, natural resources and biodiversity management practices, crop and animal management/husbandry practices, gathering practices, laboratory techniques and models, marketing practices, and the knowledge and skills needed to use them. Innovation on the other hand is defined as the use of knowledge (indigenous and exogenous) in a place or by people in a way that it has not been used before. Out of the 76 technologies and innovations targeted for generation during the year period, a total of 57 were generated, representing 75% against the target. The main technologies and innovations generated fall under the following categories: a) Crop and Livestock Genetics and Breeding As part of ensuring sustainable food production and security, ASARECA and its partner NARS undertook research with the aim of developing new and improved varieties of crops and livestock that are tolerant to both biotic and abiotic factors. Key achievements during the period were:

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1. Trials to evaluate one new technology for management of Banana Bacterial Wilt (BBW),
specifically the development/identification of a BBW resistant variety were conducted. The 10 accessions with BBW escaping traits that were obtained from Belgium continued to undergo on station evaluation in 6 countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, DR Congo, and Burundi) and it is expected that at least one resistant genotype will be released by the end of 2012 for use by the farmers. The proportion of farmers who effectively controlled BXW using single stem removal method increased from 5% to 60% in Uganda and DR Congo. As a result, banana production has improved from a mere 2.5% previously, to 30% in Uganda.

2. Eleven cassava clones tolerant to Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) were evaluated in
Uniform Yield Trials (UYT) prior to going for On-farm Participatory Variety Selection (OPVS) in Kenya. Similarly, the advancement of selected clones to National Performance Trials (NPTs) and eventual release will continue under EAAPP.

3. An assessment was completed for 1 OPV and 1 Hybrid of

Quality Protein Maize in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Data has been compiled for entering the varieties into NPT for possible release later in the year or early 2012.

4. Genetic Engineering of Maize for Drought tolerance

continued. So far, 5 technologies and innovations on transforming farmer-preferred tropical maize lines were advanced for uptake. Similarly, 5 lines of transformed maize lines from Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Tanzania were advanced in screen-house to produce seed for further trials.

Figure 1: Genetically engineered maize in ECA

5. The process of on-station and multi-location evaluation of generated Striga resistant sorghum

lines BC2S1 and BC3 have been started, and aim at boosting sorghum productivity. These lines are capable of yielding up to 3.6 t/ha. In addition, the Sudanese partners advanced more than 20 lines to near stable lines. The picture shows 30 of the 50 striga resistant lines being multiplied for seed production in Sudan.
6. With respect to developing/acquiring and standardizing virus

indexing tools for cassava and sweet potato culture materials, Figure 2: Striga resistant lines significant progress was made. A PCR based technique for being multiplied for seed conducting diagnostic testing on the tissue culture materials for production, Sudan viruses was developed and is being optimized. This tool developed makes use of PCR primers to detect the presence of major viruses for cassava and sweet potatoes. In addition protocols for using DNA-based tools for detection of cassava and sweet potato viruses were established. Antibody based diagnostics for CBSV is almost completed and scientists have almost produced proteins required for production of antibodies. These tools were effective in diagnosing sweet potato and cassava viruses and highly sensitive than the current available protein-based tools. They have been recommended for use in quarantine and sweet potato research laboratories and in the certification of tissue culture planting materials. In total, four (4) primers for detecting potato and Sweetpotato viruses have been developed at BecA and an antigen/antibody detection method for Sweetpotato viruses developed.
7. Diagnostic and control tools and strategies for Taenia solium Cysticercosis were developed.

Similarly, the vaccine for evaluating the efficacy of T. solium recombinant vaccine in pigs in ECA was also developed based on earlier evidence that immunization of sheep or cattle with antigens from live onchorespheres and onchorespheral, respectively, offers protection. Thus, homologs of these protective antigens (TSOL18 and TSOL18modified) were identified in T. solium of pigs and expressed in Escherichia coli, and is subsequently being used to
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demonstrate the protection induced in pigs by the recombinant vaccines. In addition, the development of user-friendly diagnostic test for T. solium cysticercosis has been completed. Results of its use are forthcoming. a) Crop and Livestock Germplasm Conservation, Characterization and Evaluation A project on integrating biodiversity with conservation to improve livelihoods has for the first time documented abundance and diversity of key biodiversity indicators in the Serengeti Mara ecosystem. Through rigorous validation processes, a total of 25 best-bet technologies were generated for use in the Serengeti Mara ecosystems. Useful agronomic as well as disease tolerance traits were recorded in various crop species, including identification of disease resistant and drought tolerant accessions of various crop types (e.g. sorghum, beans, banana, maize and other species). Low cost tissue culture protocols for cassava and sweet potatoes have been developed. As a result of this effort, the low cost tissue culture banana, sweet potatoes and Cassava that are free from pests and diseases have been produced in Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda. Farmers will be provided with these materials at a reduced price. Similarly, characterization and evaluation of beans, cassava, sweet potato, sorghum, Voandezia, Vigna, Chorchorus, wild sorghum, pasture legumes and forage accessions to identify the potential genetic values of the accessions/species was done. Production and dissemination of clean banana tissue culture was strengthened. A regional genebank utilizing conservation biotechnology for conservation of cassava and sweet potatoes is undergoing rehabilitation and refurbishment at the National Genebank of Kenya. Besides the already mentioned achievements, other milestones achieved were:
1.

Core collections of cassava and sweet potato germplasm were done and are being maintained at KARI (Muguga, Kakamega, and Mtwapa) stations in Kenya. The Mtwapa collection now has 85 materials all from coast province characterized by their local names. A parallel research activity involving development of two genetic linkage maps to identify molecular markers associated with tolerance to CBSD was initiated, and is under research. On the other hand, two F1 mapping populations of cassava were generated to identify molecular markers associated with tolerance to CBSD. A total of 31 Superior Striga resistant lines of sorghum were regenerated in Sudan and Uganda for multi environmental trials in the rest of ECA. These striga resistance genes were introregressed into 3 sorghum backgrounds Tabat, W. Ahmed and AG8 using MAS targeting different Agro-ecological zones arid and Semi-arid zones. The generated lines are currently under field testing in Sudan. Similarly, Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) for fine mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with Striga resistant genes in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is also currently under research. In Rwanda, generation of BC2F1 of farmer preferred sorghum varieties with Striga resistance QTLs was completed. This technology was developed through introgression of Striga resistance QTLs from N13 line into an adapted sorghum variety IS8193 in Rwanda using Marker Assisted backcrossing. Using related methodology, marker assisted breeding for striga resistance was advanced for Kenyan farmer-preferred Ochuti sorghum

2.

3. Tissue Culture Certification scheme for facilitating exchange of banana tissue culture planting materials was developed for buyers/importers. This process was aimed at ensuring reduced fears that pathogens capable of causing systemic infections on their host plants can be transmitted through vegetative materials from infected mother plants to the young plants.
4.

Plant germplasm collection, characterization, evaluation, conservation and regeneration were strengthened. Similarly, field genebank and in vitro conservation of sweet potato germplasm was established in Rwanda for long-term conservation and sustainable

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utilization. Viability tests (57 accessions), germplasm characterization (370 accessions), evaluation (62 accessions) and multiplication and regeneration (338 accessions) were undertaken in EAPGREN-wide region.
5.

Regeneration and safety duplication of regionally prioritized crop collection was done for beans (790 accessions from Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda); Cowpea (49 accessions from Sudan); Faba-bean (154 accessions (some accessions belong to a different genus) from Kenya); Sorghum (202 accessions from Burundi and Rwanda); Sweet potatoes (110 accession to be regenerated in vitro from Rwanda); and Bamboo (in situ conservation site maintained in Ethiopia). Up to 8 indigenous breeds of cattle (including the Nganda and Teso in Uganda, Orma and Kavirondo in Kenya, Tarime and Sukuma in Tanzania and Oursi and Sheko in Ethiopia) were characterized for their socio-economic value and phenotypic characteristics to identify production and adaptation traits for use in breeding programmes. On the other hand, community-based breeding schemes were established at 5 strategic sites (Kenya 3; Uganda 1; Tanzania 2). A total of 822 and 663 indigenous breeds of goats and sheep respectively, were characterized to identify their production traits and their genetic potential for improvement small ruminant production in ECA. These animals were drawn from Eritrea (492 sheep), Kenya (199 goats; 87 sheep), Rwanda (487 goats), and Tanzania (136 goats; 84 sheep).

6.

7.

a) Seed Multiplication Availability and enhanced access to quality seed by the farmers is critical for uptake and utilization of production technologies for both staple and non-staple crops. Three technologies for quality seed potato production and use among smallholder farmers, namely small seedplot technique, positive selection and rotation were evaluated by the farmers in Burundi, Kenya and Uganda with promising results. In relation to banana, scientists in Tanzania have began on-farm evaluation of two innovative technologies that can be used for community production of banana-wilt-free materials, namely decapitation and macropogation. In addition, five hectares of striga resistant sorghum were planted at the research station in Uganda, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Sudan. Following this trial, a total of 1.6 tons of sorghum seed were produced. This seed will be distributed to community farmer groups for bulking to make it accessible to farmers. In addition, 56 farmerpreferred cassava landraces were multiplied using tissue culture. Additional achievements with respect to seed multiplication include:

Three African Indigenous Vegetable (AIV) seed models were evaluated using four parameters: (i) volume of seed produced; (ii) number of farmers/seed enterprises selling seed; (iii) number of seed lots certified; and (iv) key success factors and constraints to the establishment and success of Farmer-Led Seed Enterprises (FLSE). The evaluation showed that only farmers under the model involving private seed company were able to produce seed. For example, in Kenya, up to 4.6 tons (2.6 ton of African nightshade; 1.4 tons of Crotalaria; and 0.6 of Sunhemp) was produced (Over 2.8 tons produced by male farmers; over 1.7 tons by female farmers). In Tanzania, up to 0.67 tons of Quality Declared Seed (QDS) seed of African indigenous vegetables, mainly amaranthus and African eggplant was produced (0.59 tons by male farmers; 0.075tons by female farmers). Fertilizer and seed rates, as well as spacing and cutting regimes were established for three forage species including Clitoria ternatea, Chloris gayana and Lablab purpureus. At the Kenyatta Universitys Jesse Machuka Plant Transformation Laboratory, Maize lines transformed with ASARAnxzm35, Annat1, NHX1, XvPrx2, XvSAP1, IPT, CBF 1, and silencing the PARP1 gene using amiRNA1 and amiRNA3 using the clean gene technology comprising the PMI gene as a safer alternative to herbicide tolerance selection system were regenerated and the first transgenic seeds produced.

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A total of 61 farmers (46 men and 15 women) sold quality and demand-driven AIV seeds. It was noted that more farmers and seed enterprises selling seed were associated with the private sector seed companies. Through this model, the farmers were organized and contracted to produce seed. For example, farmers in Kenya produced and sold seed to the Kenya Seed Company, while in Tanzania, some of the farmers operate under the private sector mediated model, even though the majority produce QDS and sell to the market informally by themselves. On the key success factors and constraints for successful Farmer-Led Seed Enterprise (FLSE), a set of progress markers (short term, medium term and long-term) for the outcome challenge for each of six boundary partners (regulators, Ministry of Agriculture, NGO/CBO, Researchers/Universities, Seed Companies and Farmers or Farmer Groups) were developed. Two training workshops were then conducted by CABI in Kenya (31st May - 1st May 2011) and Tanzania (19th - 20th April 2011), to complete the outcome journals. a) Disease and Pest Management The following achievements were registered during the reporting period; 1. Fine mapping of sorghum for striga resistance is almost completed by ARC at ICRISAT. This fine fine mapping of QTLs associated with Striga resistant genes in sorghum was achieved by producing linkage map of N13X E36-1 based RIL populations. The final product is a fine map of QTLs associated with Striga resistant genes in sorghum. 2. Best-bet cost-effective tick and tick borne disease management options to avoid acaricide resistance, minimizing malpractice and misuse of acaricides, as well as impact on public health and on the environment were identified and promoted in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. 3. Seven new CBSD tolerant clones (08/354; 08/1189; 08/2206; 08/3291; 08/1373; 08/080; and 08/363) were planted on farms by 26 farmers in Kenya (Kilifi 6; Kwale 4; Kikoneni 5; Malindi 6; and Mpeketoni - 5). These farmers are currently involved in the evaluation of these clones. Despite the project ending in December 2011, this particular activity will be continued under EAAPP. 4. Penside lateral flow diagnostic assay for Taenia solium cysticercosis was finalised. The assay detects the presence of T. solium cysticercosis infection in pigs.. The assay is a simple lateral flow device, which uses serum from the pigs. A positive result is an easily observed red/purple line on the lateral flow strip (similar to home pregnancy tests). 5. Epidemiology and impact data analysis on cysticercosis was continued. Results indicate that the sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs in Uganda stands at 15% (compared to 7% the sero-prevalence among people living with epilepsy). It was also established that T. solium neurocysticercosis is among the causes of epilepsy in Uganda, since 23 % of the sero-positive cases were found with T. solium cyts in their brains during the CT scan. 6. The vaccine against Taenia solium (TSOL18 & TSOL45) is currently under research and field testing. TSOL18 & TSOL45 are recombinant vaccines prepared in bacteria and shown to be effective in preventing natural infection of pigs with T. solium. 7. Snap beans innovations were validated and recommended for farmer use in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Results are anticipated in the next reporting period. 8. Developing/acquiring and standardizing virus indexing tools for cassava and sweet potato culture materials continued. In total, four primers for detecting potato and Sweetpotato viruses have been developed at BecA and an antigen/antibody detection method for Sweetpotato viruses was developed. a) Crop/Livestock Production Technologies The following achievements were registered during the reporting period;
1.

With regards to exploiting market opportunities for value added dairy and meat products, four key technologies and innovations were developed. They included: (i) improved roadside meat roasting stove that ensures hygiene, quality, and food safety; (ii) new design for plastic ghee containers for women roadside milk and local butter vendors; (iii) appropriate cutting knives for butchers, as well as ovens and milk cans (in Kenya); and (iv) new method for boiling and bulk vending of boiled milk (already tested and promoted).

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2.

Four Integrated climbing bean production systems (Crop-rotation (climbing bean-Maize), Inter-Cropping (Bean/maize; Bean/Banana), and Mono-Cropping (Staking Methods)) were evaluated in farmers fields for the last time in Rwanda, D.R. Congo and Burundi. The agronomic and economic data have been analyzed and draft write-up report ongoing. Field trials for tolerance to diseases and insect pests, and cultural management practices were conducted for 26 snap bean lines in Kenya, eight lines in Uganda, and 12 released varieties in Rwanda. Results are anticipated in 2012. The University of Nairobi facilitated the participatory evaluation of integrated crop protection and fertilizer regimes for commercial snap bean varieties (both bush and climbing types) on farmer fields in Mwea, Kenya. A new technology on maize transplanting in Zai pits for drier areas was developed in Kenya. The technology is not only for soil and water management (SWM), but it also reduces labour for weed management and the crop grows faster than normal grown maize. Yields with this technology average 6.7-9.4 t/ha compared to normal farmers practice that yields 1.2 t/ha. In Sudan, one integrated technology that yields highest {cultivar + water harvesting + application of 40 kg of urea/fedan (ha) + striga management} was identified. It is anticipated that this technology will be in uptake pathway before the end of the year. Efforts with regards to validation and promotion of the promising technologies of the 3 rice varieties (X265, SARO 5 and FOFIFA 160) in Madagascar that was initiated in the previous year have advanced. These varieties are in the field for the last season of validation after which a recommendation will be made to farmers on the most appropriate varieties for their agro-ecology, as well as make the selected seeds available to more farmers.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

a) Post harvest handling and value addition In Kenya, three post harvest and processing technologies for pearl millet are in testing phase. In Rwanda, an assessment of the impact of the technology for improved banana ripening compared to the traditional pit technology was done. The assessment showed that the traditional ripening method takes 5 days, while the improved method takes 3 days. This technology has been adopted by COPROVIBA, a commercial wine processor in Rwanda. Moreover the improved method results in more uniform ripening. As a result, the clarified wine has generated a higher acceptability compared to that without caramel. With regards to value addition in selected high-value non-staple crops, a total of 7 formulations (two for mango juice pure mango and mango + passion fruit; one for passion fruit; one for pineapple juice, and three dried products amaranth, mango slices/chips and mango bars) and pineapple jam were developed by Sokoine University. On the other hand, three amaranth soup recipes were developed using dried amaranth powder. All these 11 products are being promoted for commercialization in Tanzania and Rwanda. On the other hand, snap bean recipes were validated, and a draft snap recipe booklet is ready for publishing (see pictures).

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Figure 3: Fruit juices formulated by Sokoine University

Figure 4: Amaranth cream soup developed by Sokoine University

Figure 5: Dried Amaranth leaf packet

Significant research is ongoing with respect to (i) determination of nutritional qualities of Striga resistant and drought tolerant sorghum varieties; (ii) determination of nutritional composition of different cultivars of banana, sweet potatoes and cassava; (iii) establishment of postharvest treatment for enhancement of storage time of banana, sweet potatoes and cassava using biotechnology procedures; (iv) development of protocols for production of value added shelf stable products from starchy staples; and (v) assessment of market potential for developed value added products. b) Natural Resource Management (NRM) 1. With regards to natural resources management, an innovation on farming response and down-scaling of climate forecasting was tested in the drier parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Madagascar with the involvement of small-scale local farmers. Through the support of the Meteorological Department, Extension Agents and the Project Research Team, the technology has proven its potential for down-scaling climate variability trends to a watershed level, and hence increase the reliability of advice provided to farmers on when to plant, what to plant, how to prepare the land and how to manage the land under cropping. A preliminary benefit of this intervention is an increase in maize productivity. For example, Ethiopian farmers recorded an increase of maize production by 30-40% in both the best and worst of seasons. Similar results have been demonstrated in Kenya and Madagascar. The experiment is still on-going and conclusive results will be drawn by end of November 2011.

2. With regards to early warning and contingency plans for resource management during
crisis situations in pastoral areas, Prosopis juliflora management practices (thinning, pruning, uprooting, etc) were adopted, thus controlling the invasion of the species, as well as restoring grazing areas. The extent of this intervention will be determined in the next report. Resources and Building Livestock Resilience in ECA example, the fixed knife forage chopper with forage thereby enabling the farmers to provide forage for their an affordable gender-friendly and labour saving forage promoted.

3. The project on Crop-Livestock Integration for Sustainable Management of Natural

region started bearing results. For chop size regulator was installed, livestock easily. On the other hand, chopper was designed, tested, and

4. The introduction and utilization of high yielding forage species including Pennisetum

purpureum, Lablab purpureus, Brachiaria mulato, Calliandra calothyrsus and Clitoria ternatea and the promotion of forage management practices, such as forage grass /forage legume mixtures (Brachiaria/Centrosema mixtures and maize/lablab mixtures, etc.) led to an increase in the quantity and quality of feed resources in smallholder dairy production units. A combination of increased feed resources and water availability has so far increased milk yield by 44%.

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5. The formulation and promotion of nutrient blocks made from farm wastes have been used
as supplements for the dairy cattle. Impacts of this innovation will be determined in the next report.

6. Both an integrated irrigation and manuring regimes have been tested in various project
sites, and are being used for vegetable production by the target farmers. The vegetable and dairy producer associations have also been organized, thus increasing the capacity of the farmers to influence vegetable and milk markets.

a) Approaches and innovations for scaling up technologies

During the year, testing and improving the application of AIS using Innovation Platforms and Triangles was advanced. The process included refining partnership arrangements and processes within the Innovation Platform for Technology Adoption (IPTA) approach for scaling up OFSP and QPM technologies. Ten new platforms for technology adoption were created, and are using and learning from the IPTA approach. On the other hand, 6 Innovation Triangles are being tested in Burundi, Kenya and Rwanda under farmer selected value chains (tissue culture banana, potatoes, rice, pineapples and maize). 2.2.1.Number of demand driven gender responsive Technologies/ innovations made available to uptake pathway To enhance uniformity in data collection and indicator tracking, ASARECA defines uptake pathways as channels and processes through which the technologies and innovations reach the intended users. Uptake channels include the private and public extension system, farmer organizations, input distributors, and any other institutional arrangement available through which technology, knowledge and information can reach the end user. Making available to uptake pathways refers to the diffusion of the technologies, knowledge and information to the intended users, for example, through an extension agency, or NGO. Gender-responsive technologies are, therefore, the selected technologies that suit the needs and demands of various gender categories. During this period, a total of 70 technologies and innovations (out of the targeted 67) were made available to uptake pathways. The various technology and innovation categories are detailed below: a) Seed Multiplication During the reporting period, nine QPM varieties continued to be promoted into uptake pathways in 4 countries (i.e. Mudishi 1, Mudishi 2 and Mudishi 3 in D.R. Congo; KH500Q, Kh631Q and 104W in Kenya; TAN 611Q and Lishe K1 in Tanzania and Longe 5 in Uganda). Up to 4.7 tons of QPM seed was also produced in D.R. Congo and distributed to 2,250 people for grain production. The effect of this will be assessed in 2012.

Figure 6: Performance of QPM variety - Lishe K1 in farmer field, Kilindi IPTA, Tanzania

During the year, the same 11 technologies of OFSP that were availed to the farmers in the previous year continued to be promoted in uptake pathways in all the five participating countries Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The promoted varieties include: Ejumala, Kakamega, Vita, Kabode, Cacearpedo, 97-062-(Gihingamukungu), Jewel, Carrot Dar (to be replaced by Carrot C), Kulfo, Tulla, and SPK013. However, it was noted that there is still
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insufficient material of Koka 12 in Ethiopia for the mass multiplication to offset the prevailing local demand. The main innovations on seed multiplication and dissemination of clean demand driven OFSP varieties that were promoted and applied by the stakeholders in the five countries included: (i) rapid multiplication technique for vine multiplication; and (ii) 3-tier OFSP vine multiplication system (primary, secondary and tertiary levels). In relation to QPM, 7.3 tonnes of foundation seed were produced in Uganda and made available to seed producers to bulk for production of certified seed. During the year, a total of 982 hectares of land was dedicated to seed multiplication (see Table 4). Seed production performance and impact of these multiplication plots will be assessed in 2012.
Table 4: Hectares of land under seed multiplication Country(ies) Ha Comments Ethiopia, Kenya, 6 Land committed to the rapid and conventional multiplication of OFSP vines at Primary Rwanda, Tanzania, Multiplication Sites (PMS). The sites included: Ethiopia 1.8 ha; Kenya 1.7 ha; Uganda Rwanda 1 ha; Tanzania 1 ha; and Uganda 0.5 ha. At the primary multiplication level, the aim is to produce a clean high quality planting material which is then taken to the secondary stage for further multiplication to increase the quantity. Thus, at the PMS level, the area under multiplication is smaller than at the secondary and tertiary levels Kenya, Rwanda, 52.4 The land was set aside for the establishment and management of secondary Tanzania, Uganda multiplication sites for OFSP. They included: Kenya 10.8 ha; Rwanda - 17.5 ha; Tanzania 22.6; and Uganda - 1.5 ha. Kenya, Rwanda, 22.6 The land was devoted to farmer-managed tertiary multiplication sites (TMS) for OFSP. Tanzania The sites are: Kenya 7.4 ha; Rwanda 14.5 ha; and Tanzania - 0.7 ha. 67 The land was dedicated to OFSP vine multiplication to coincide with the major planting season for sweet-potato that is expected at the end of the year. Ethiopia 2.2 The land was dedicated to community seed production for striga resistant sorghum. Uganda 9 This land was set aside following the demand for sorghum varieties with high brewing quality. This variety was released after a study was done by ASARECA. As a result, both NaSARRI and NASECO (a seed company), with support from 23 community farmer groups, bulked all the available seed harvested from the 9 ha (NaSARRI 3 ha; NASERO 6 ha) in readiness for marketing. Uganda 7.3 In relation to QPM, 7.3 tonnes of foundation seed were produced in Uganda and made available to seed producers to bulk for production of certified seed. ECA 15.2 These forage seeds were produced from over 10 different forage species (e.g. Chloris gayana, Cenchrus ciliaris, Sorghum spp, Avena sativa and Panicum maximum for forage grasses; Lablab purpureus, Clitoria ternatea, Stylosanthes guianensis, Avana sativa, Macroptilium atropurpureum, Desmodium uncinatum; Desmodium intortumand Mucuna pruriens for forage legumes and Leucaena leucocephala, Cajanus cajan and Sesbania sesban for fodder trees), and distributed to users. DRC, Tanzania 800 Over 800 acres were put into production of QPM seed and grain by farmers in Tanzania and in DRC. The change in production from these farms will be assessed in 2012, given that the harvesting will be in January. TOTAL 982

In addition to the above, mass multiplication of in-vitro tissue culture plantlets continued in Ethiopia (Kabode and Vita) and Rwanda (Cacearpedo and 97-062-Gihingamukungu). A total of 11,000 plantlets were produced in both Kabode and Vita, Ethiopia. With regards to seed production, and bearing in mind that quality seed and planting material are essential in realizing optimum production potentials, up to 83 tons of quality seeds were produced and either sold or distributed to the farmers (see table for details).
Table 5: Tons of Quality Seed produced Country Seed Varieties Tons Ethiopia Striga-resistant 2.2 sorghum seed Tanzania Wahi and Hakika 10.7 (Wahi - 7.1; Hakika 3.6) Comments Distributed to 200 farmers to enhance community seed production. Assessment of the benefits of this intervention anticipated in 2012. Produced by farmers groups in Singida and Iramba districts of Tanzania to increase sorghum seed availability to farmers.

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Country Uganda Rwanda

Seed Varieties IS 25403, MACIA and SRN 39 9 varieties of Bush (4) and Climbing Snap (5) beans

Tons 70 0.72

Comments These were produced on station (3.6 tons), on-farm (5.5 tons) and by Nalweyo Seed Company - NASECO (65 tons). These varieties (1214-2/2, SB273, SB328, SB286, Loiret I, II & III; Tarrot; and Pyramide) were produced in the highland station of Rwerere and lowland station at Nyagatare.

TOTAL

83.62

b) Disease and pest management Development of disease resistant cassava material that was established in 2010 continued in Tanzania. It is anticipated that at least 11 selected clones will be fast tracked under EAAPP, and suitable ones recommended for official release. In Kenya, plans are advanced for the release of 5 advanced clones (MM 96/4271, 28-TME14, 52-TME14, 67-TME 14 and 72-TME14) that were observed to be tolerant to CBSD from the screening experiments. In Madagascar, two clones (TME 14 and TMS 30572) which were reported to be tolerant to CBSD and were presented in the FOFIFA cassava germplasm due to earlier introduction by EARRNET were evaluated for tolerance to CBSD and CMD. On the other hand, two disease management technologies, namely rogueing for virus management, as well as traps for mole rats were made available to the farmers across five countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda). The proportion of farmers who effectively controlled BXW using the innovative single stem removal method increased from about 5% to 60% in Uganda and DR Congo. As a result, banana production had improved from a mere 2.5% previously, to 30% in Uganda by August 2011 and suggests the battle against the disease may be starting to be won. Both the tissue culture protocols for Maize and the gene constructs for expression of Annexinp35, Annat1 and NHX1in plants (pCAMBIA-ASAPAnxZm35, pNOV-ASAPAnxZm35, pCAMBIAAAnnat1, pNOV-Annat1, pCAMBIA-NHX1-PMI binary vectors) are already in uptake pathway. Similarly, the marker-free (clean vector) technologies for production of transgenic maize was acquired, optimised and are ready for uptake. c) Crop/Livestock Production Technologies One recommended integrated sorghum production technology for drought prone areas which combines cultivar, water harvesting, date of sowing, and fertilizer entered the uptake phase in Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Tanzania. 1. In relation to rice, one integrated package for the rice legumes cropping systems validated in 2010 (which includes a combination of tillage, water management, time of planting and variety) has been taken to farmers in Madagascar and Tanzania. 2. For pearl millet, the dry planting technology was recommended to farmers in Eritrea. However, the perception of the farmers with respect to the use of this technology will be assessed by November 2011 during harvest. 3. CIP distributed 4,800 mini-tubers produced using the aeroponics technology as first generation materials for multiplications to increase access to quality seed in Kenya. Prior to this, the selected farmer groups practicing the potato seed plot technology received backstopping from the project through availing of clean planting, bacterial wilt tolerant material 4. The highland maize project in Kenya recommended 3 normal hybrids and 2 synthetic nutritionally enhanced maize varieties for entry into the countrys National Performance Trials (NPT). The decision regarding this proposal will be made at the NPT meeting in November 2011. If entered, there will be hope that faster maturing and high yielding varieties for highland areas can become more available to farmers. 5. In Ethiopia, validation of an integrated technology for sorghum production in striga infested lands was completed validation, and went on-farm. 6. A total of three production technologies for sweet potatoes were availed. These included: rapid and conventional multiplication techniques; use of fertilizer for vine multiplication; and agronomic practices for root production. 7. Regarding managing soil fertility in the sub-region and in seeking to curb this challenge, partners from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania conducted an assessment to determine the rate of
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adoption among farmers. The adoption approaches tested included: the Baby-Mother Approach (for rice, maize, and cassava), Farmer Field Schools, and Farmer Group. Through these approaches, participating farmers were exposed to various soil fertility enhancement technologies. Preliminary results show about 30% adoption rate by the participating farmers thereby resulting in about 20-30% of farm productivity. 8. Agronomic packages for QPM production promoted included, use of mucuna as cover crop, utilization of valley fields and early planting. a) Post harvest handling and value addition 1. In Uganda, two white seeded sorghum varieties (SRN 39 and M91057) that had good lager beer brewing properties compared to the existing variety Epuripur were officially released and arrangements are in place to make the seed available to farmers. In addition, a commercial company SURFCODE Export Company in Mukono, has expressed interest in exporting sorghum composite flour produced from the ASARECA-supported products. With regards to value addition, a total of 6 protocols for fruit and vegetable processing project were availed for uptake (3 mango; 1 passion fruit; and 2 amaranthus) in Tanzania. 2. Promotion of value added processed products for juice, porridge, mandazi, chapati, bagiya, doughnuts, crackers, and cake have been initiated in various supermarkets and among traders. 3. QPM post-value addition technologies for production of bread, cakes and wine continued to be made available to stakeholders including farmers. 4. Data on biochemical analysis for the banana puree and amukete sweetpotato product collected. 5. Work on optimizing processing technologies for banana puree, as flavorant, and base material for weaning foods and for improving processing technology for amukeke dried sweetpotato products, an indigenous product has started. 6. Studies on nutritional and technological properties of Striga Resistant & Drought Tolerant Sorghum Varieties in the ECA has been started under the AGROBIO project on Evaluation of Striga resistant and drought tolerant farmer preferred sorghum varieties in the ECA

2.2. Output 3: Enhanced adoption of policy options by decision makers to improve

performance of the agricultural sector in the ECA sub-region This result focuses on supporting the provision of regulatory and incentive structures that would stimulate regional agricultural development by analyzing the policy environment, facilitating policy development and advocating for policy adoption by regional economic communities and the national governments. The result looks at policies that create economic incentives and regimes that are fundamental to growth and development, including policies on market efficiency and infrastructure, international trade, physical infrastructure, among others. During the period, and based on associated key performance indicators, the following achievements were realized: 2.2.1. Number of policies, laws, regulations and procedures analyzed During the year, a total of 25 policies, laws, regulations, and procedures were analyzed. For example, PAAP supported the analysis of 9 policy options, in addition to initial analyses of program-specific policies, laws, regulations and procedures, as summarized below:

1. Seed potato standard: The Standardization, Quality Assurance, Metrology and Testing (SQMT)
Act, (2006) provides a framework for cooperation in the development and implementation of standards, including seed standards. Section 15(1) of the SQMT Act (2006) provides that within six months of declaration of East African Standards, partner states shall adopt without deviation from the approved text of the standard, the East African Standard as a national standard and withdraw any existing national standard with similar scope and purpose. In addition to this provision, Section 19 empowers the Council of Ministers to declare the approved East African Standards as compulsory throughout the community to prevent among other things deceptive practices. Using this EAC mechanism, PAAP through the Eastern Africa Seed Committee (EASCOM) and under the leadership of the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) partnered with the bureaux of standards in EAC partner states to initiate the process of
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mainstreaming the regionally approved seed standards into the EAC with seed potato as the pilot. Through this process, the seed potato standard was developed by a technical working group and approved by the EAC partner states.

2. Regional Seed Variety List: In as much as EASCOM developed the first edition of the regional
variety catalogue in April 2004 (covering regional varieties for common bean, climbing bean, maize, pigeon pea, sorghum, sunflower and wheat released in at least two countries of eastern Africa), the list had not been updated. So far, EAC and other ASARECA member countries (i.e. Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda) have updated their national variety list. Through PAAPs support, the updated regional variety list was finalized, showing all varieties currently approved for commercial production and trade in more than one EASCOM member country, as well as the sources and suitable agro-ecological zones.

3. Regional Quarantine Pest List: During the year, an analysis was undertaken to beef up the
quarantine pest list for 3 countries Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The analysis not only included other crop pests (particularly vegetatively propagated crops), but also updated national quarantine pest lists from Burundi, Ethiopia and Rwanda. This list will be adopted by the National Plant Protection Organizations, and be incorporated into the official phytosanitary records for the six countries.

4. Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Bill for Burundi: EASCOM supported the drafting of the
Burundi Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Bill, thereby enabling the innovation and generation of better performing varieties that have the potential to propel productivity increases, enhance food security, and improve livelihoods in the region. These guidelines were provided by the Tanzania Plant Breeders Rights Office with additional inputs based from the Kenya PVP Act. This draft Bill, based on UPOV (1991), was submitted to Legal Experts within the Burundi Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock for final review and editing. The outcome of this process is anticipated in the next report.

5. Bye-laws on Sustainable Land Management in ECA Highlands: During the year, 2 byelaws were developed in two pilot watersheds in Borodo (Dendi district) and Mukenhantuta (Were Jarso district) of Ethiopia. These bye-laws, understood as rules or regulations initiated by local
communities and passed by local governments at district or lower levels through local government council resolution, focus on improving the communitys management of natural resources. Consultations with community members in the two micro watersheds, followed by stakeholder meetings, identified 7 major NRM-related issues that required collective action (byelaws) for quick and successful resolution of conflicts emanating from control of, and access to natural resources. Through further screening, 2 out of the 7 issues were selected, namely: implementing Soil and Water Conservation practices, and mechanisms for equitable sharing of benefits from introduced crossbred cows. So far, since the implementation of the byelaws, community members in Dendi District have not only constructed 2,030 meters of soil bunds, but also treated 3 gullies with check dams and raised and planted 37,000 seedlings of various species on communal and private holdings. Similarly, in Were Jarso and Dendi districts, a total of 18 crossbred cows were distributed to households that met the set criteria in the byelaw by the Holetta Research Centre.

6. Strategies for adapting to climate change: PAAP in collaboration with the International Food

Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) finalized the analysis of key strategies for climate change adaptation for the ten ASARECA member countries. This was done by reviewing current data on agriculture and economic development; modelling anticipated changes in climate between now and 2050; using crop models to assess the impact on agricultural production; and global supply and demand for food in order to predict food price trends. Results indicate that, due to high dependency on rain-fed agriculture, households in the region are vulnerable to climate change impacts. It was also noted that much of the impact of climate change on agriculture is through a reduction in the Length of the Growing Period (LGP). Among the suggested key strategies for adaptation include: mainstreaming of climate change in national planning and budget processes to enable research and investments in climate smart technologies and innovations for

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smallholder farmers; strengthening rural infrastructure to increase access to markets; capacity building and training on modelling for climate change, crop modelling, remote sensing, and early warning systems; and reviewing and enforcement of land policy to ensure equitable land tenure..

7. Policy options for dryland areas in ECA: As a result of analysis of selected existing policies,
the following options for policy reform for drylands areas in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda were proposed: a) Review and harmonious consolidation of diverse sectoral policies with a bearing to pastoralism, biodiversity conservation and drylands or arid and semi arid lands development. This should culminate in the establishment of a comprehensive institutional and legal framework to coordinate government and other stakeholders interventions in the drylands. b) Push for more government investments in drylands development research so as to generate more knowledge on different models applicable to these ecological zones. It is recommended that governments should establish dryland research and development centres to take lead on the generation and package of knowledge with regard to drylands development. c) Advocate for secure pastoral mobility within and without the borders, through demarcation and opening up of livestock routes. This is anticipated to facilitate conflictfree movement of livestock and people. Both wet and dry season grazing lands needs to identified, mapped and secured. d) Speed up land use planning within the targeted countries to help secure pastoral livelihood and reduce conflict between competing land uses.

1. Harmonized methods and approaches for generation, analysis and dissemination of

agricultural market information: PAAP through the National University of Rwanda and other partners reviewed the various methods used by the national statistical bureaus, ministries of agriculture and other accredited institutions to generate, analyse and disseminate agricultural market information in Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda. The analysis highlighted key disparities that hindered comparability of statistics on agricultural market information and regional trade flows and access to markets for farmer produce. Key areas proposed for harmonization include: the policy framework, data collection instruments, standards or weights of measure, sampling procedures and information pathways. The analysis also proposes a capacity building program in forecasting and remote sensing to make agricultural market information more useful to policy making and long-term planning in the region.

2. Standards for cassava, sweet potatoes and related products: PAAP in conjunction with the
Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) supported the drafting of an additional thirteen standards for root crops. The working drafts were prepared by an expert team and later reviewed in national stakeholder workshops held in March to develop the committee drafts. Laboratory tests are currently being conducted to ascertain compliance with proposed parameters. The committee drafts with validated parameters will be submitted to EAC partner countries for review and endorsement as draft East African Standards in July (see table for details).
Table 6: List of Draft East African Standards for Cassava, Sweet Potatoes & Related Products Standard Number Standard Title CD-U-14-2011 Fresh sweet potatoes specification CD-U-15-2011 Dried sweet potato chips specification CD-U-16-2011 Sweet potato flour specification CD-U-17-2011 Sweet potato crisps specification CD-U-18-2011 Code of hygienic practice for producing and handling fresh potatoes CD-U-19-2011 Code of hygienic practice for producing and handling fresh cassava CD-U-20-2011 Code of practice for reduction of acrylamide in potato products CD-U-21-2011 Fresh bitter cassava specification CD-U-22-2011 High Quality cassava flour (HQCF) specification CD-U-23-2011 Fresh cassava leaves specification CD-U-24-2011 Biscuits specification
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Standard Number CD-U-25-2011 DEAS 43: 2011

Standard Title Composite flour specification Bread specification

3. The application of incentive-based approaches has stimulated higher adoption rates of

sustainable natural resource management practices by farmers in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Under this innovation, farmers have been enabled to link agricultural productivity to sustainable natural resource management upon which practising households incomes have increased by over 10% and there is increased forest and vegetation cover (30%) where bee-keeping activities are being implemented. 4. An analysis on policy, legislation, and procedures that may enhance mainstreaming of INRM among agricultural research and development institutions in ECA has been commenced. Report is forthcoming.

5. The demonstration on payment for environmental services particularly for carbon sequestration
and watershed management has led to a formation of the sub-regional platform to promote policy related aspects on compensation for environmental services and also establishment of 2 pilot sites in DRC and Uganda to foster the payment for environmental services (PES) approaches.

6. A detailed analysis of the policy and regulatory environment along the meat and milk value chain
was analysed in five countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda). The results indicated that the current policies had gaps, especially with regards to strategic regulations. This gap has given room for overlaps of mandates between different government agencies, who then charge different fees.

7. In the livestock sector, existing policies and legal framework for animal breeding were reviewed
in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and specific thematic areas for regional policy harmonization have been identified. They include (i) identification, recording and registration; (ii) animal breeding practices; (iii) breeding technologies; (iv) AI, MOET, IVT, etc; and (v) regional exchange of genetic material.

8. Relevant laws governing tick control in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania were reviewed and
analysed. The weaknesses were identified, and recommendations to revise the laws formulated. They include inter alia the recommendation to revise the Animal Disease Rule of 1968 in Uganda to remove section 18 advocating for tick clean areas, as well as the zonation of acaricides or the management of communal dips to give more responsibility to local authorities in managing the dips.

9. Policy fora involving policy makers, farmer and manufacturing firms representatives, drug
stockists, extension workers, and NGOs was organised in the participating countries to examine the different policies in relation to control of TTBDs and advocate for alternative options. The effect of this meeting is anticipated.

10.Analysis and promotion of specific policies and governance mechanisms for sustainable agrifood systems was initiated in Kenya. This analysis is anticipated to answer a critical question on why institutional and policy initiatives have failed to encourage the rural poor, women and the vulnerable to secure sustainable livelihoods, food and income security while revitalizing the natural resource base. Report of this analysis is anticipated.

11.With regards to Soil Fertility, as well as Integrated Soil and Water Management and Productivity,
the following milestones were achieved: a) A detailed analysis of policy and institutional arrangements for the adoption and diffusion of Integrated Water Management options was commissioned in Kenya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Madagascar, and Rwanda. b) The development of policy instruments to correct identified failures/distortions and to align public and private incentives (subsidies/support mechanisms) for promoting
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adoption of water productivity enhancing technologies at farm and catchment scales was initiated. The impact of the initiative is forthcoming. c) An analysis of the institutional arrangements for sustainable development, governance and use of water and other resources at farm and catchment scales was initiated in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. d) Analysis of the national policy for enhanced uptake and scaling up of soil fertility management technologies was conducted in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The analysis is intended to pick out policy-related issues that need to be addressed to enhance promotion of accelerated adoption of soil fertility enhancement technologies. Report of the analysis is forthcoming. 12.Policies affecting dairy production (e.g. policies on feeds, delivery of veterinary services, animal breeding, and control of agro-chemicals, national drugs, dairy industry act and animal welfare act) were reviewed, and alternative options recommended and advocated through stakeholders feedback workshops. Once completed, the findings will be recommended for dialogue and debate by the policy makers. 2.2.1. Number of Policy options presented for legislation or decree This indicator tracks policy progress after the analysis stage (previous indicator). Presented for legislation or decree refers to policy options which are formally presented before a representative group of stakeholders. During the reporting period, 9 policies (out of the 6 targeted for the year) were presented for legislation. In addition, the following results were realized:

1. The COMESA Biosafety Guidelines were presented for review and endorsement by five
additional ASARECA countries (i.e. Burundi, DRC, Eritrea, Kenya and Madagascar) during the National Consultative Workshops. These Guidelines focus on commercial planting of GMOs, trade in GMOs and transit of food aid containing GMOs. However, contrary to earlier plans, the guidelines were not presented to the Joint Meeting of the COMESA Ministers of Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources due to administrative changes in one of the principal partners the Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa (ACTESA). According to the recommendations of the Joint Meeting of COMESA Ministers of Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources in July 2011, these guidelines will be considered for approved in the next Joint Meeting in 2012

2. PAAP supported the development of the East African Standard for seed potato through
the Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS). The standard was debated in the respective national consultative meetings held in all partner states. In accordance with the procedures of the East African Standards Committee (EASC), these guidelines were later endorsed by stakeholders from the EAC partner states during the regional meeting. The Final Draft East African Standard for seed potato was endorsed by the 19 th Meeting of the East African Technical Sub-committee on Standards, and was approved for gazetting as an East African Standard by the EASC in its 15th meeting (held on 30th May to 3rd June) in Arusha, Tanzania.

3. The Kenya Seed Policy was approved and launched in July. The Uganda Plant Variety
Protection Bill was presented to the parliamentary committee on agriculture In May and was recommended to be forwarded to parliament. The seed potato standard was approved for gazetting as an East African Standard.
Box 1 Assessment of the impacts of policy reforms in Root Crops sector and Sustainable Land Management, and synthesis of lessons in dairy policy reforms Analyses from the value chain approach shows that introduction of cassava quality standards at the farm level is expected to increase the cost of producing cassava roots after farmers adopt a high input cassava production systems. However, the rise in cost is likely to be abated if an increase in yields from the current 6-7 tons per ha to 11.5 tons per ha is achieved. The increase in costs is estimated to be 20% across the region, while the benefits are likely to increase by 15 percent points (from 43% to 58%) following improved quality. On
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the other hand, economic surplus is expected to increase to US$ 919 million, US$ 905 million and US$ 845 million from a base of US$ 22 million, US$ 207 million and US$ 221 million in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, respectively. Adoption of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) practices in Uganda has been low, mainly due to lack of locally enacted byelaws and weak enforcement of penalties. A case study of Kween district attributes low adoption of SLM practices to: minimal involvement of local communities in formulation of the bylaws (60% were not informed of time and venue); domination of men (90% of participants) in formulation of byelaws; and weak enforcement of the penalties for breaking byelaws. There is inadequate capacity and empowerment of the Byelaws Implementation Committees (BLIC) to undertake their roles. With regards to enactment of byelaws, annual adoption rose to 30% for Napier grass, 22% for contours and 15% for trees. Some of the farmers indicated that the enforcement of byelaws had helped reduce soil erosion (68% farmers); reduced destruction of crops on contours (56% of farmers) and increased crop yields and sales (33% of farmers). This reinforces the need to empower the BLIC to enforce the penalties to enhance adoption of technologies. The scenario of high but unexploited potential for growth in intra-regional trade in dairy products is changing with recent investments by private and public sectors in Uganda and Kenya. The proportion of traded dairy products originating from within the region shows an annual increasing of 1-2%. Pilot studies on commercialization of training and certification through Business Development Services (BDS) have culminated in the formation of Dairy Traders Associations in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The associations get support from the East Africa Dairy Regulatory Authorities Council (EADRAC), which then facilitates regular meetings with leaders of statutory dairy regulatory authorities, as well as share lessons and strategies of rationalizing and harmonizing policies and standards in the region

2.2. Output 4: Strengthened Capacity for Implementing Agricultural Research for

Development in ECA sub-region During the reporting period, the capacity of ASARECA, the NARS and other project partners continued and the key results realized included; 2.2.1. Number of ASARECA projects that have incorporated gender responsive agricultural innovation systems During the year, PAAP worked on two proposals, namely: Analysis of trends and policy options to guide strategies for enhanced food security in eastern and central Africa and Facilitating adoption of collective marketing best practices in eastern Africa. These proposals incorporate gender concerns in the research implementation methods and performance indicators. 2.2.2. Number of stakeholders who have acquired knowledge and skills in applying AIS as a result of ASARECA support This indicator refers to the number of individuals to whom significant knowledge or skills have been imparted through formal or informal means. The trainings are categorized as either short- or long-term. Short-term training refers to trainings totalling no fewer than 8 hours and no more than 3 months in duration, while long term training refers to training lasting more than 3 months. On the other hand, capacity building in this context refers to 3 aspects of project management, namely: capacity of stakeholders (mainly local community members and farmer organisation) to implement project activities to ensure sustainability; capacity of research team partners to analyse and interpret results appropriately; and capacity of private sector and extension agencies to assist communities on issues related to value chain analysis. During the reporting period, the following results were achieved: a) Capacity development for ASARECA staff 1. A training workshop was organized for ASARECA secretariat program teams in March 2011 on Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) and Value Chain Development (VCD) to equip them with knowledge and skills on the two approaches. The training was attended by 20 program staff (14 male; 6 female) working in the seven research programs and four
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ASARECA support units. This workshop was followed by a similar workshop for Principal Investigators and ASARECA National Focal persons.

2. Seven ASARECA program managers attended the Africa Lead/USAID training on

leadership in April. The training targeted individuals engaged in agriculture and related development sectors from all over Africa. Through this training, participants were equipped with leadership, facilitation, lobbying, and advocacy skills necessary for supporting CAADP agenda. Similarly, two Program Assistants attended one week training on Gender disaggregation of data and tools for planning (at ALRI, Nairobi) and a two weeks training course on maize production systems in Brazil.

3. In collaboration with the World Bank, the Procurement Officer and PCD unit at ASARECA
organized a procurement clinic for 30 ASARECA program staff in April. The training focused on procurement planning and procedures, contracting procedures as well as environmental impact assessment. The program staffs have since then started applying the acquired skills in developing their procurement plans. Plans are underway to roll it out to the projects. a) Capacity development for Partner NARS 1. Through the support of the ASARECA Gender Mainstreaming Specialist, strategic trainings were conducted for NARS stakeholders on gender mainstreaming in research. A special module was developed for mainstreaming gender in the bye-law formulation process under the SLM innovations project. A total of 44 inspectors and 100 traders in Arusha and Mwanza received certificates by the Tanzania Dairy Board (TDB) after completing training modules on hygienic milk production, handling, milk collection, transportation, testing processing and marketing.

2. ASARECA participated in the FARA-led consultative workshop for CAADP Pillar 4 strategy
development meeting in Zurich, Switzerland where the development of the proposed strategy for support to CAADP by the Pillar 4 institutions was finalized and presented to the development partners. The strategy identifies the key areas of intervention required to ensure agricultural research, advisory services, education and training aspects of technology generation, dissemination and adoption of Pillar IV are implemented. The associated guidelines developed and spelt out in the strategy will be used by ASARECA in its supportive role in pre and post compact processes at both national and regional level. 3. A two-phased training on Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS), Value Chain Development (VCD) and application of outcome mapping in tracking outcomes of uptake promotion was undertaken. This training targeted 44 NARS stakeholders (30 male; 14 female) who are directly involved in the dissemination of QPM and OFSP technologies (under DONATA). After the first phase of the training, a 2-month period was provided for the participants to apply the skills acquired. Their feedback was then incorporated in the second phase. Assessment of the impact of the training is expected by end of the year.

4. Institutional Capacity Development needs for the OFSP IPTAs was conducted through
interviews on 16 (11 males, 5 females) IPTA partners in a stakeholders workshop. The assessment indicated a significant growth in partnerships since inception of the DONATA project. Based on this needs assessment, 17 IPTA partners (10 males, 7 females) were trained on AIS and VCD approaches, followed by practical sessions of value chain mapping to identify actors at the meta, micro, meso and macro levels in the OFSP value chain. An impact of this process is anticipated in 2012

5. SCARDA: The second Leadership and management workshops were conducted for 77
senior and middle level managers at ARC (28 males; 7 females) and ISAR (29 males; 13 females). The themes for the workshops included: leadership; integrating the feedback culture; sharing case studies on leadership; mentoring; coaching and delegation; examining progress of peer learning groups; managing conflict; and networking and partnerships. Following the second workshop, the Third Leadership Management workshop for 26 participants (18 males; 8 females) was held. The theme of discussion
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centred on facilitation as a key principle of management using practical experiences, as well as on how to manage strong research-extension linkages through agricultural innovations platforms. Following this workshop, some emerging issues were identified, such as: addressing the challenge of generation gap at ARC and ISAR, and identification of the attributes of a good leader and manager.

6. EAAPP: During the year, 39 senior level managers (27 males and 12 females) from the
four EAAPP countries were trained in leadership and management. Guest and Keynote speakers were drawn from the Tanzanian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, as well as from Feed the Future. The main themes covered by the training were: creating a common vision, sensing needs and opportunities, stakeholder analysis, positive personal style, framework for effective communication and message development, leadership management, and emotional intelligence. Similarly, the 3rd ASARECA EAAPP meeting was convened, where 68 participants attended. During the meeting, and through the support of the ASARECA M&E Unit, the following were achieved: a) A template for standardized semi-annual and annual performance reports was developed, discussed and adopted by all. The submitted reports are of better quality. b) Relevant preparation for Baseline Survey in all the Centres of Excellence was completed, followed by the development of Baseline Tools. The Baseline Study Reports are anticipated by end of November. c) All the key performance indicators from the 4 RCoEs were aligned to the ASARECA Performance Management Framework (PMF) as well as the Project Development Document (PAD) through an indicator integration process. d) Support to the Dairy Regional Centre of Excellence (RCoE) in the finalization of Project Implementation Plan (PIP). During the workshop the Logframe was reviewed, while identification of standard and custom indicators, as well as the development of baseline survey instruments was finalized e) All the 4 RCoEs have finalized detailed Performance Monitoring Plan (PMP) that is heavily informed by the ASARECA PMP. These PMPs are already undergoing updating and validation by the National Coordinators and M&E Officers.

7. UNIBRAIN: A total of 35 (28 males; 7 females) senior and middle level scientists from the
Department of Research and Development, Tanzania were sensitized on the formation of UniBRAIN Agribusiness Innovation Incubator Consortia (AIIC). The AIIC an Africa-wide DANIDA-funded initiative implemented through FARA and SROs is anticipated to provide avenues for dissemination and scaling out of research products.

8. New partnerships for capacity building between ASARECA, RUFORUM and the Food
Security Centre (FSC) of the University of Hohenheim was established during the workshop organized in September at the South East Asia Centre for Post graduate studies and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) in the Philippines. FSC and partners are interested in working with ASARECA specifically on capacity building in relation to Food Security issues in Eastern and Central Africa. Similarly, ASARECA plans to work with RUFORUM and the FSC to host training two main courses, namely: communicating science to nonscience audiences, and Research Management and Leadership.

9. ASTI and NARIs: During the reporting period, ASARECA continued to collaborate with the
respective NARIs and the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) program of IFPRI to compile data on the current capacity of the NARIs. The data presented in 2010 when compilation started was updated in early 2011. The data shows a wide range of human resource capacities between the ASARECA member countries. Meanwhile, a task force at ASARECA was constituted to develop strategies to involve weaker NARIs in ASARECAs research programmes through its competitive grants system. The main action points suggested included: ensuring translation of key materials such as reports, calls for proposals and other critical information posted on the ASARECA website; introducing a
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requirement that every program allocates a certain amount of budget say 20-25 % to the weaker NARIs specifically, creating a capacity building budget for post-graduate degree training available only to the weaker NARIs; and including a clause in the criteria for selection of concept notes, stating that participation of a weak NARI in the research team is an added advantage. Finalization of these recommendations is forthcoming, followed by onward submission to the Board of Directors for approval. a) Capacity development to generate and utilize research outputs. During the reporting period, a total of 14,696 persons (7,242 males; 7,454 females) benefited from short-term training programs. The training areas included: Application of technologies for drought mitigation in sorghum agro-ecologies; Integrated Striga management technologies; Soil Fertility Management; Crop Residue Management; Marker assisted selection for Striga resistance in sorghum; Agricultural practices of climbing beans; Fodder establishment; Remote sensing; feeds analysis using the Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology (NIRS); tick ecology, tick survey methods and practical tick collection, preservation, identification and tick control practices; Cooking sweet potato leaves, agricultural innovation systems, value chain development among others (see table below for details).
Table 7: Participants of Short-term Trainings
Program Training area TOT for identifying CBSD and CMD symptoms and management of the diseases Application of technologies for drought mitigation in sorghum agro-ecologies Integrated striga management technologies (Uganda & Ethiopia). Utilization of QPM for feeding and making of cookies in Hai District and QPM production technologies. Business in Agricultural Farming; Improved Production Techniques of haricot bean and pigeon pea; and Building strong association of farmers and water management for water use association in Madagascar Identification of CBSD, its symptoms and management CBSD management using improved materials (Kenya) ToTs on principles of SWM and drought tolerant maize varieties in Muranga South, Kigumo and Kieni East districts of Kenya Evaluating Markets of Banana and its Products for Ethiopia Pearl millet breeding course for breeders and technicians Scientific Material writing for publication researchers Sub-TOTAL Soil Fertility Management; Crop Residue Management; Management of Water Resources; and Natural Resource-based Enterprise Development and Management for farmers and local community members Sub-TOTAL Marker assisted selection for striga resistance in sorghum for sorghum breeders and technicians Best-bet Land Use Practices in the savannah ecosystems for institutional leaders Teania solium cystercosis control options in pigs and humans Small holder farmers trained and private sector supported private sector to produce and distribute tissue culture bananas (18 new demonstration gardens established) Training on Teania cysticercosis diagnostic kit, pig value chains in East Africa, epidemiology, etc Conservation for Sustainable Availability of Cassava and Sweetpotato Germplasm through Biotechnology Applications Writeshop to produce project publications and communication materials Training and planning workshop on Genetic Engineering of Maize Scientific proposal writing and development Planning and inception workshop on evaluation of striga resistant farmer preferred sorghum varieties in the ECA Certification of tissue culture plantlets Sensitization workshop on evaluation of striga resistant farmer preferred sorghum varieties in the ECA Development of Project Monitoring Plans Sub-TOTAL ToT on M&E Principles and Concepts; Impact Assessment; Data Quality Assessment; PMP; PMF; and Performance Reporting No. of Participants Male Female Total 10 8 18 69 33 102 199 152 351 39 23 62 61 10 347 350 60 30 69 1,244 600 600 10 59 34 720 9 2 52 30 27 15 42 20 6 1,026 29 32 5 232 237 21 5 20 768 400 400 6 57 16 880 7 0 8 4 10 11 12 8 4 1,023 10 93 15 579 587 81 35 89 2,012 1,000 1,000 16 116 50 1,600 16 2 60 34 37 26 54 28 10 2,049 39

Staples

NRM&B

Agrobio

M&E Unit
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Program

Training area Training of EAAPP partners on Impact Assessment, PMP, PMF, Data Quality Management, and Performance Reporting Training of SIMLESA partners on PMP, PMF, Data Quality Management, and Performance Reporting Sub-TOTAL Training staff, NFPs and PIs in Agricultural Innovation Systems and Value Chain Development Training DONATA IPTA in AIS, VCD, strategy development and communication SCAIN Training DONATA IPTA in institutional needs identification and analysis SCAIN Training of ARC researchers in case study documentation 2nd Leadership and Management Workshop for ARC and ISAR senior and middle level managers Proposal writing for SCARDA MSc students (first and second round of training) 3rd Leadership Management Workshop on key principle of management through using practical experiences 3rd ASARECA-EAAPP meeting (+ M&E Training) EAAPP leadership and management training UniBRAIN sensitisation/ training on commercialisation of research products Sub-TOTAL Procurement planning & Procedures; Contracting Procedures; Environmental Impact Assessment for ASARECA staff Sub-TOTAL Processing of mango/passion fruit juices, solar drying of mango and amaranthus by SUA Agricultural practices through Farmer Field Schools (by ISAR scientists) Socioeconomic and agronomic data collection (for trials supervisors) Agricultural practices through Farmer Field Schools (by INERA scientists) Market Access and Management (for farmers, extension staff, and local authorities) Best Agricultural Practices of Climbing Beans by ISABU scientists (for technicians, scientists, extension agents and farmers) Sub-TOTAL Fodder Establishment for smallholder dairy farmers Dairy Feeding in Kenya Establishment of livestock gene banks for the region Blood sample collection for veterinary staff Tick ecology, tick survey methods, practical tick collection, preservation, identification and tick control practices Variety of technologies for enhancing crop-livestock integration Forage seed production (farmers, scientists, technicians) Dairy cattle feeding, hay making, use of hay box baler M&E, scientific writing and proposal development Dairy management, vegetable and poultry production Production of early warning bulletins Sub-TOTAL Forecasting Remote sensing Key elements of a PVP System Regional Seed Database training Training and certification of informal milk traders Gender mainstreaming for ASARECA staff, NARS in Ethiopia and Kenya, and SIMLESA team Influencing policy reform in biodiversity conservation in drylands Sub-TOTAL Agricultural Innovation System & Outcome Mapping for NARS partners in DONATA Seed (vine) Multiplication OFSP Agricultural Innovation Systems at local platform level actors Processing (making various OFSP products Cooking sweet potato leaves OFSP production technologies Business/enterprise development & marketing under OFSP Record keeping and assessment of germination of AIV seeds QPM quality seed production Harvesting of crotalaria and amaranth seed

No. of Participants Male Female Total 42 5 47 23 94 62 10 11 22 57 26 18 40 27 28 301 21 21 4 55 5 350 26 44 484 121 13 3 22 18 20 505 120 8 120 12 962 5 13 12 6 90 123 65 314 21 1,155 3 33 338 336 22 5 34 2 7 22 15 7 5 8 20 19 8 28 12 7 129 9 9 6 60 1 1,450 30 51 1,598 44 17 0 8 6 30 351 39 4 66 1 566 25 17 1 54 232 8 337 19 574 4 66 1,192 456 63 4 28 7 30 116 77 17 16 30 77 45 26 68 39 35 430 30 30 10 115 6 1,800 56 95 2,082 165 30 3 30 24 50 856 159 12 186 13 1,528 30 30 12 7 144 355 73 651 40 1,749 7 99 1,530 792 85 9 62 9

PCD

Finance & Procurement

HVNSC

LFP

PAAP

KMUS

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Program

Training area Outcome Mapping AIV Seed production business ToT training on mainstreaming gender by KARI-Kisii ToT training on facilitation of innovation triangles (drawn from KENFAP) Sub-TOTAL Use of eRAILS platform for 8 ASARECA countries Burundi, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Sub-TOTAL

No. of Participants Male Female Total 2 12 14 211 154 365 12 2 14 11 15 26 2,185 2,596 4,781 11 6 17 11 7,242 6 7,454 17 14,696

ICU Total

b) Long term training on agricultural productivity In addition to the short courses in the initiative to improve the quality of research at the target institutions, ASARECA supported Certificate, BSc, MSc and PHD students programmes in various Universities. A total of 70 students benefited from long-term training programs (see table 8 below:
Table 8: Students' Program supported by ASARECA Initiatives
Program Staples NRM&B HVNS Training area Banana bacterial wilt management in ECA ISFM, Governance of natural resources Snap beans project - Agronomy Post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables project Diagnostic and control tools and strategies for Taenia solium Cysticercosis Genetic Linkage Mapping of Field Resistance to Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) Genetic Engineering of Maize for Drought tolerance in Eastern and Central Africa Fighting Striga: Resistance Genes Deployed to Boost Sorghum Productivity Market appraisals and consumer characterization for dairy and meat products Dairy and meat safety Farm feeding packages and sero-prevalence of brucellosis Feed resource database Ruminant breeding Testing and validation of breed survey methodology, socioeconomic survey DONATA QPM and OFSP projects Going to Scale: enhancing the adaptive management capacities of rural communities for sustainable land management in the highlands of eastern and central Africa Resource economics PhD 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 Number of Students MSc BSc Cert TOTAL 1 2 8 9 2 2 2 3 4 1 8 1 4 7 4 4 2 2 4 1 1 14 7 49 1 1 1 1 5 5 8 4 5 3 2 4 1 7 1 1 70

Agrobio

LFP

KMUS PAAP Total

2.2.1. Number of infrastructure developed To ensure that intended technologies, innovations and management practices are generated and disseminated, ASARECA supports infrastructure development. In order to ensure uniform and comparable tracking, infrastructure has been defined as facilities, structures, systems, equipment, services, hardware and software, installations, building, procedures and institutional arrangements that facilitate the flow of agricultural goods, services, and ideas. The indicator is aimed at tracking research infrastructure especially singular large-scale research installations, collections, special habitats, libraries, databases, websites, integrated arrays of small research installations, as well as infrastructural centres of competence which provide a service to the wider research community based on an assembly of techniques and know-how. During this reporting period, ASARECA continued to support different institutions within the region in strengthening their infrastructure capacity. During the year, up to 111 different types of
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infrastructures were funded, and ranged from acquisition of relevant equipment to establishment of Farmer Field Schools and delivery of soft- and hard-ware (see table for details).
Table 9: Types of Infrastructure established/strengthened No. Type of Infrastructure 1. ELISA Test Kits for BW and virus detection ELISA Virus Detection Kits for PVX, PVY, PLRV, PVA, PVS and PVM ELISA NCM for the detection of R. solanacearum (the casual agent of BW) in plants ELISA DAS for the detection of R. solanacearum in soil and water 1. Farmer nurseries for banana tissue culture 1. 2. 3. Laboratories for research on fighting striga in sorghum Construction of screen house at KARI Katumani to be used in research to develop improved cassava materials Farmer field schools established to train farmers in the climbing bean project. Some of the farmers not directly involved in the project are already exchanging their landraces with those in the project. The impacts of these FFS (including changes in yields and practices among participants and nonparticipants) are anticipated. Modern food processing equipment (e.g. blenders, seed removers, autoclave, and cup sealing machines) for Sokoine Universitys food science laboratory and Centre for Food Processing and Training Centre (CFPTC) Equipment for monitoring biodiversity in savannah ecosystems (comprising 21 pieces) Equipment and capacity to develop a diagnostic kit for Teania solium cystercosis supplied, leading to development of the first ever pen-side diagnostic kit for the sub-region Tissue culture lab provided with tissue culture materials to undertake in vitro conservation of sweet potatoes germplasm National Plant Genetic Resources units provided with seed drying equipment and sealing machines Field genebank established and in situ conservation site maintained Demo gardens established to support awareness creation on the importance of using tissue culture banana in improving agricultural production and also to support agronomic practices EAAPP nurseries for wheat RCOE established Laptop computers purchased and distributed to ASARECA projects. The PIs are expected to purchase information and communication accessories to ease communication. Ripening house constructed for Cooperative de Production du Vin de Banane (COPROVIBA) at Mutendeli sector (Rwanda), leading to increased banana ripening capacity (from 2.5 tons to 6 tons per week) Equipment for in vitro and cryopreservation Equipment of ISAR of the Near Infrared Spectroscopy Machine TOTAL Country Burundi (ISABU) Uganda (KAZARDI) Kenya (KARI-NARL) Total 14

Uganda Eritrea {to be Kenya Kenya

delivered}

2 2 3 64

Rwanda 24 Burundi 28 DRC 12 Tanzania (Morogoro) Kenya Tanzania Kenya Uganda

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

2 1 2 1 2 2 18 10 32 1 1 1 158

Kenya Sudan Sudan Burundi Uganda Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda NRM to complete Rwanda Kenya Rwanda

2.2.1. Number of partnerships formed ASARECA encourages formation and/or strengthening of partnerships of like-minded institutions, organization, and groups, among others. To ensure comparable data tracking, partnership has been described as any type of formal or informal arrangement or relationship between public- and private-sector entity in one or more countries, regions, organizations, institutions, companies, or foundations around an activity or set of activities in which there are well-defined common objectives and shared benefits, where each partner makes continuing contributions in one or more strategic areas. ASARECA regards a partnership as formed when there is a clear, written agreement or memorandum of understanding to work together to achieve a common objective while sharing the costs, risks, and benefits incurred in the process. It specifies that a public-private partnership (PPP) must include at least one public and at least one private party.
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During this period, a total of 44 different types of partnerships were either established or strengthened for specific purposes (see Table 10 for summary). The impacts of these partnerships will be determined in the next reporting period.
Table 10: Types of Partnerships formed/strengthened Partnerships formed Purpose for the Partnerships 1. ASARECA with Food and Agriculture To translate the CBSD Resource Kit into several local Uganda Organization (FAO) languages (e.g. Samia, Acholi, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara and Runyoro) for wider use in Uganda. 2. ASARECA with the Kenya Land Care To scale out the Soil and Water Management project to partner Network, JKUAT, KENDAT and PAC organizations dealing with SWM technologies 3. Farmer group with SURFCODE Export To enhance export of sorghum composite flour produced by Company in Mukono one of the beneficiaries of the ASARECA funded project. 4. ARC and private seed companies (Arab Seed To enhance sorghum breeding and development. Company, Damazine Company, Sennar and Damazine ARC stations, Kurdofan) 5. ASARECA with 7 key stakeholder groups in To enhance best bet land use practices in the savannah ECA ecosystems. 6. ASARECA with CVL, Makerere, UoN, DSA, To optimize Teania solium cystercosis control strategies in SUA, ILRI, Astel diagnostics LTD, University ECA. of Edinburgh, University of Melbourne 7. ASARECA with AGT, VEDCO, Kawanda To promote transfer of banana tissue culture in ECA. 8. ASARECA with 17 Partners To enhance drought tolerance for selected maize varieties though genetic engineering of maize. These partnerships have enabled the generation of seven lines of maize with drought tolerance conferring genes in them 9. ASARECA - IITA the Plant Genetic To safely duplicate the germplasm regenerated through the Resources unit of ARC Trust support. 10. ASARECA with Svalbard Global Seed Vault in To enhance the deposition of cowpea accessions. This vault is Norway part of an effort to protect the planets rapidly diminishing biodiversity, and in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change 11. ASARECA with Steering Committee To foresee the implementation of outputs generated from {comprising Heads of Bureaus of Statistics in agricultural inputs and output markets in the region. To be Burundi, Rwanda & Uganda, FIT Uganda, assessed in 2012 ISABU, and Rwanda Agricultural Board 12. ASARECA with CIRAD for attachment of an Implementation of the Aquaculture project Aquaculture expert to the LFP PMU 13. ASARECA with World Fish Centre Implementation of the LFP aquaculture project 14. ASARECA with SON Fish Implementation of the LFP aquaculture project 15. ASARECA with Mwanza Fish Farm Implementation of the LFP aquaculture project

2.2. Output 5: Enhanced availability of information on agricultural technologies and

innovations in ECA sub-region This result focuses on generating and compiling data of sub-regional importance, consisting of relevant, high quality, timely and appropriate scientific knowledge, technologies, and policyrelevant research evidence. It also tracks routine packaging of information, thus facilitating knowledge exchange amongst ASARECAs stakeholders. Under this result area, ASARECA tracks three key indicators, namely: 2.2.1. Number of information packages produced Under this indicator, packaged information (or knowledge products) means information put together in different formats depending on the target audience. Together with the Calls for Concept Notes and Full Proposals, the ASARECA issues special information packages with all documents and information necessary to prepare Concept Notes, Proposals, information for scientific journals, policy briefs, farmer guiding leaflets, etc. Various projects also have their own information packages they wish to share with other stakeholders.

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During this period, ASARECA revised its communication and knowledge strategy and implementation plan. The revised strategy re-commits ASARECA to having a strong communications pillar. That is, ensuring that the outputs of her research are communicated effectively, and enhancing ASARECA credibility and visibility as an authoritative voice in agricultural research and development in the sub-region. During the reporting period, nearly 350 different information packages were produced (out of the annual target of 218). This included an assortment of publications comprising 18 peer-reviewed journal articles, 101 manuscripts, 6 books, 28 book chapters, 27 conference proceedings, 23 electronic newsletters, 23 documentaries, and 136 other publications were produced. Most of these publications were developed in consultation with various stakeholders. The table below shows a summary of key publications produced, while the complete listings of these publications are shown in the Appendix.
Table 11: Types of Publications produced
Program Peer-reviewed Journal articles Published Manuscripts 2 50 16 2 20 Chapter in books Conference proceedings 1 1 4 1 3 17 27 Books Electronic Newsletters Documen taries 4 2 6 3 15 Other publications* 28 4 16 20 20 24 7 1 6 126

Staple Crops High Value Non-Staple Agro-Biodiversity & Biotechnology Livestock & Fisheries Natural Resources 13 10 10 Management Policy Analysis & 4 18 Advocacy Knowledge Mgt & 1 1 Upscaling Information & Communication Partnerships and Capacity Development TOTAL 18 101 28 * Policy Briefs, Brochures, Manuals, Leaflets, Flyers, and factsheets

2 1 3 6

22 2 23

Besides the publications, 1. A supplement on quality protein maize was published in a regional paper, the East African. 2. The ASARECAs Information and Communications Unit supported the Agrobio programme as they participated in a debate on GMOs in the Ugandan dailies, the New Vision and the Monitor. 3. The May 2011 issue of the ASARECA Newsletter the Agriforum was published and distributed. The November 2011 is now being compiled and edited. 4. Compilation of relevant documents and sections for the ASARECAs 2010 Annual Report is advanced. The final report will be printed in July. 5. Three livestock-related articles on Feeding animals to enhance yields; Animal manure and crop production and Teaching rural farmers about vegetable production were published in the Daily Monitor Newspaper in Uganda. These articles were based on the activities of the Crop-livestock integration project supported by the ASARECAs LFP.
2.5.1.Number of appropriate information delivery pathways used

Given the varied composition of the target audiences, information should also ordinarily be packaged in different formats to meet their expectations. ASARECA has noted this, and thus designs its delivery pathway to include the location of the information material as well as the media used to convey or deliver the information to the target audience. This indicator therefore tracks the number of appropriate delivery pathways, such as: websites, fliers, TV, SMS, journals, books, newspapers, and dissemination events (e.g. field days, open days, farm trials, exhibitions, media events, workshops and seminars). During this period, a total of 51 different information delivery pathways were used to reach the various stakeholders. For example:
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1. The inclusion of the Google translate on the ASARECA website to cater for non-English
speakers was completed. The ASARECA website was updated to accommodate a universal translation tool that translates all readable content on the website into 52 internationally recognised languages including SWAHILI. This has seen the website get attention from ASIA, Sudan, and Anglophone partners, to mention but a few. A three-day regional Training of Trainers workshop was held for 17 members (11 men; 6 women) of the ASARECA RAILS and DONATA Projects on use of the eRAILS platform. The participants were anticipated to serve as eRAILS trainers in their own countries. The workshop drew representatives from 8 ASARECA countries Burundi, DR. Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. By the end of the workshop, each participant had created a website on the platform (see Appendix 7.1.7 for details). In addition, a national eRAILS training workshop was held in Kenya.

2. To establish links for harnessing synergy with wider sweetpotato initiatives, DONATA
participants in OFSP in Uganda participated in a sweetpotato support platform where they shared their experiences and learned from other initiatives. The DONATA OFSP project section is also available on the sweetpotato knowledge web-based portal (www.SweetPotatoKnowledge.org), thus allowing sharing of information, training and resource materials on sweetpotato within Africa and globally.

3. With regards to the use of media channels, especially radio and television, five countries
(Burundi, DRC, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania) prepared and aired their products to the public (see table for details.
Table 12: Media Coverage
Country Burundi DRC Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Channel Television Television Radio Radio & TV Radio Program and Project 2 programs to sensitize farmers Farmer sensitization program on climbing beans Climbing bean 3 months program on CBSD and CMD and Tick and Tick-Borne diseases control DONATA QPM and OFSP

2.2.1. Level of satisfaction of stakeholders accessing disseminated information Once the information package has been disseminated to the intended users through the appropriate delivery pathways, ASARECA still tracks the usability and level of satisfaction of all/some of the packaged information. This indicator is therefore set to track the level of satisfaction by the beneficiaries. During the period under review, the following results were realized: 1. As a result of information dissemination, a great demand for integrated technologies that enhance rice productivity (through use of improved varieties, fertilizer application and water harvesting using excavated ponds called majaruba) was realized in Tanzania and Madagascar. For example, in Madagascar, the number of farmers accessing this technology increased from 22 to 60, while in Tanzania, an increase from 128 to 150 was noted. 2. In Kenya, more than 90% of the targeted farmers became aware of the highland maize technologies. Thus, they have been involved in demonstrations of the Ambo varieties. 3. In relation to the SWM technologies, over 800 farmers in Kenya that attended field days were sensitized on these technologies. 4. In Ethiopia, access to information on ISM technologies led to 200 new farmers accessing a striga resistant sorghum variety. 5. In Uganda, marketable value added Sorghum food products (Sorghum Composite flour, Popped Sorghum and Cakes) were exhibited and sold during the Mukono Trade show, Entebbe trade show and UGMA trade in Kampala in Nov 2010. Feedback from consumers is forthcoming.
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6. In Tanzania similar exhibition of the processed products (Biscuits, bread, pop sorghum, 7. In Madagascar, four local authorities have adopted the rice legumes production system in
their programs, an indication of satisfaction with the information and technologies.
1. Contribution of outputs to ASARECA higher level results

and sorghum crackers) were exhibited at the agricultural shows called Nane-Nane.

To ensure attainment of ASARECAs high-level results (purpose- and goal-level), the following were undertaken: 1. All the projects Logframes have been aligned to the ASARECA Logframe. 2. Most of the projects supported by the program units have contributed to technology generation through validation and commercial production of new demand-driven varieties. The technology generation have been supported by end-user participatory validation and commercial production of crop varieties, as well as production of pre-basic, basic and quality declared seeds.

3. The successful adoption of the generated technologies (e.g. drought tolerant maize) will lead

to increase in maize production in ECA. Similarly, the agronomic and disease-tolerant traits that have been observed through characterization/evaluation in the local germplasm are anticipated to contribute to crop improvement programs of the selected species. sources of breeding material for national crop improvement programs and beyond. Similarly, the successful regeneration and safety duplication of 49 cowpeas accessions at IITA genebank and a duplicate lot in the Svalbard permafrost doomsday vault is a guarantee for perpetual conservation and utilization of the unique germplasm material which have been threatened by genetic erosion. as well as source of material for propagation and research.

4. The successful regeneration of cowpea, sorghum, sweet potatoes, and beans serve as

5. The sweet potato field genebank established in Rwanda serves as long-term conservation site 6. A number of policy options proposed through ASARECA research are currently being

implemented and have enhanced agricultural sector performance in the region to various levels. Some of the immediate outcomes of the enactment and launch of the Kenya Seed Policy on 20th April 2011 by the Minister of agriculture at KEPHIS headquarters is that through the policy document, the ministry as communicated by the Agriculture Permanent Secretary Dr Romano Kiome intends to make Kenya Seed Company which accounts for over 80% of national seed supplies intensify production under irrigation systems to stem recurrent shortages by ensuring national seed reserves. This would mean a target production of 36 million kilograms of seeds each year against an annual demand of 18 million kilograms. investment in new varieties by breeders in the country and the inflow of high yielding foreign varieties as breeders and multinational seed companies gain confidence in the safety of their rights to innovation. This is anticipated to foster higher agricultural productivity in the country. Knowledge Management and Up-Scaling Program indicate that QPM and OFSP projects are significantly contributing to the rural peoples food security and income levels. During the year, a total of 25 members (13 male, 12 female) of the Siwonko Farmer Group in Busia District, Kenya, supplied a monthly average of 2 tons of OFSP flour to Azuri Supermarket, and 4 tons of OFSP chips to Kirinyaga Millers in Nairobi on contractual basis. Given that the demand for OFSP dried chips and flour is expanding because of public interest in fortified grain flour, farmers are very likely to increase production as well as set more land to the crops.

7. The other option approved this year is the Uganda PVP law which is expected to enhance

8. Enhanced adoption of QPM and OFSP. Preliminary assessments by the ASARECAs

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1. Plans for the Next Reporting Period 1. Commissioning new projects under MDTF: Plans are underway to commission more new projects under the MDTF support.
2.

Technology Validation: Plans are underway to ensure that all the technologies and innovation generated are validated, and recommendations made on scaling them out.

3. Continued capacity strengthening of NARS and program management units in M&E, Gender Mainstreaming, and other identified capacity gaps.
4.

End of project meetings and write-shops to review the data and outputs and complete the write up of publications. Final season of field testing of technologies and validation of technologies among the consumers.

5.

6. Dissemination of information and training of technology end-users and Publication of project results. 7. Perception and attitudinal studies of stakeholders to gauge the level of utilization and acceptance of project outputs by the stakeholders.

1. Conclusion
During the reporting period, ASARECA was generally on track towards achievement of most of its targets. This is an indication of renewed commitment by staff and partner NARS to deliver quality results. Procedures and standards as set out in operational manual were also adhered to. Both M&E and Gender Mainstreaming have also been embraced by most of the partners evidenced by an improvement in the quality of the periodic reports.

2.

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3. Case Study
Genetic Engineering of Maize for Drought tolerance By Dr. Charles Mugoya & Clet Wandui Masiga The Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa (ASARECA) and Kenyatta University (KU) entered into and signed a Sub-Grant Agreement of the project entitled Genetic Engineering of Maize for Drought tolerance in Eastern and Central Africa on 6th October 2008 worth USD 358,000. This project is funded by USAID and managed by Agro biodiversity and Biotechnology Programme of ASARECA. Maize is the most important staple food for more than 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. It is affected by drought which is a single most important abiotic stress responsible for reduced maize productivity in arid and semi-arid areas, leading up to 70% crop loss. ASARECA and its partners led by Professor Jesse Machuka at Kenyatta University are introgressing drought tolerance conferring genes into the Maize genome in order to develop farmer preferred tropical maize varieties that are tolerant to drought. This work is done by PhD and MSc students from Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan and Ethiopia. By end of 2010, we reported a number of technological break through including the Twenty four farmer preferred tropical maize lines being transformed with seven (7) different drought conferring genes. This time round we report that nine (9) maize lines have successfully been transformed with drought conferring genes and are being multiplied in the screen house before confined field trials. They include two Ethiopian lines, three Kenyan lines, two Sudanese lines and two Tanzanian lines. They have been transformed with eight genes that have been confirmed to offer drought tolerance in plants. These genes are ASARAnxzm35, Annat1, NHX1, XvPrx2, XvSAP1, IPT, and CBF 1. One technology has focused on silencing the PARP1 gene using amiRNA1 and amiRNA3 using the clean gene technology comprising the PMI gene as a safer alternative to herbicide tolerance selection system. To achieve this progress, up to 17 partners (e.g. Kenyatta University and KARI, Kenya; ARC, Sudan; MARI, Tanzania; EIAR, Ethiopia; University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS Pawinskiego, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno; Syngenta Biotechnology Inc, North Carolina; Dr Eduardo Blumwalds laboratory at the Dept of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis; Plant Transformation Facility at Iowa State University (ISU); Ghent University; CIMMYT; Plant Transformation Core Facility, University of Missouri, USA; North Carolina State University and Glasgow University, UK) are involved. This first phase project come to an end on 30 th September 2011 with the first phase of seeds for on farm confined trials produced at least for the nine (9) farmer preferred tropical lines. A second phase of 5 years will be required to advance these materials for commercial release. Once commercially released and adapted by farmers, there will be a 70% increase in maize production in ECA, hence improving food security, reducing hunger and promoting economic development.

Kenyan maize Line transformed with CBF1 gene

Ethiopian maize line transformed with IPT gene

Stably transformed fertile transgenic plants containing the amiRNA gene constructs

Transgenic maize lines transformed with ASARAnxzm35 gene

Miccah Songelael Seth in a glass house studying the performance of Maize he transformed with XvPrx2 and XvSAP1 gene isolated from a desert plant XEROPHYTA VISCOSA

4.
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THE THREAT OF BANANA BACTERIAL WILT PANDEMIC

Banana Xanthomonas wilt (popularly known as Banana bacterial wilt or BBW) has been known in Ethiopia since 1960 as a disease of Ensete. It was simultaneously reported in central Uganda and North Kivu (D.R. Congo) in 2001 mainly on indigenous and dominant highland cooking bananas. It has since spread to Rwanda, Tanzania, and Kenya and more recently in Burundi. The disease damages at least 80% of the crop, and in severe cases, it destroys the whole banana fields. It causes marked reduction in plant growth and overall bunch size and weight, besides causing premature ripening, rotting and eventual wilting of the plant. When the infected plant or fruit is cut, yellow fluid (containing the bacteria causing the disease) oozes from the cut end. With the financial support from USAID and through MDTF, ASARECA collaborated with 6 NARIs, namely: the National Agricultural Research Institutes of Burundi (ISABU), D.R. Congo (INERA), Kenya (KARI), Rwanda (ISAR), Uganda (NARO), Directorate of Research and development (DRD) of Tanzania, as well as Bioversity international, IITA, and University of Nairobi to implement a project entitled Enhanced management of banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) for sustainable banana productivity in East and Central Africa. The project focused on mobilizing, sensitizing and training farmers, extensionists, policy makers, traders and other researchers on the disease identification, and management. Targeted trainings were conducted to help the farmers reduce and/or eradicate the disease spread through cutting knives. Several control methods were also identified, viz., uprooting diseased plants; debudding (removing the male buds); using disease free planting materials, single stem removal; cutting all the affected mats and suspending the pruning for up to six months; and disinfection of tools (used in pruning) with fire. Single stem removal is aimed at stopping the spread of BXW infection that mainly starts from the upper parts of the banana plant. Through ASARECAs support, several farmers have benefited (see Success Story from a farmer in Bukoba, Tanzania).
Table 13: Banana attacked by BBW Figure 7:

Drastic measures to ensure sustainable banana production

Mr. Skalion Geras is a banana farmer residing in Ijumbi Ward in Muleba district in Bukoba Tanzania. He produces banana for both home consumption and sale and always harvested close to 300 bunches/month. Two years ago, Skalion observed a strange disease affecting banana. He didnt have any information about the disease then but he could see that the pathogen was wiping out his plantation. However, he had an idea of how diseases spread and how severe they can be and knew some agronomy about control of diseases of perennial plants. At the height of the disease, Skalion was harvesting only 10-15 bunches/month. In late 2010 scientists from DRD (ARDI) visited the area and educated the farmers on the disease, how it spreads and how it can be managed. He therefore took a bold decision of uprooting all plants that exhibited attack and replanted with new ones from a mat that was not infected. Since then, he hasnt had the disease on his farm except in August 2011 when he saw two infected plants and cut the mats down. Skalion only practices uproot and burn and male bud removal using the forked stick. However he has since obtained more information from ARDI and extension personnel on the various options and is pleased that single stem removal can work instead of destroying the entire mat. Through the various trainings, Skalion can identify the disease symptoms both on the leaves and bunches. He is aware of the yellowing of leaves and premature ripening of the bunch. Through the practice of replacing infected banana with young seedlings, the plants will reach production in 2012 and Skalion hopes he can return to the original yield levels. The current production has indicated an upward trend, reaching a monthly yield of 25 bunches.

5.

Figure 8: Skalion (above) displays healthy banana from his recovered orchard

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6. Annexes

7.1.1. Electronic newsletters

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Date 21 January 4 February 18 February 4 March 18 March 1 April 15 April 29 April 13 May 27 May 10 June 24 June 8 July 22 July 5 August 19 August 2 September 16 September 30 September 14 October 28 October April October Issue 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Title Trends of staple food and input prices: a global and regional overview From food aid to food assistance: issues, lessons and implications Gender perspective in adaptation to climate change-induced water stress Mitigating effects of volatile food prices on low- and middle-income countries Lessons learned: World Banks new strategy in Africa Regional integration in Africa: implications for food security The urgent actions needed to prevent recurring food crises Enhancing the impact of policy research in eastern and central Africa Out grower schemes: why big multinationals link up with African smallholders Food price shocks: food security implications and the opportunities in Africa 2011-2012 national budgets: measures by east African countries to tackle food prices, food security and other issues in agriculture Volatility of agricultural markets: causes and options for policy solutions Agricultural investment: business models and opportunities for smallholders Influencing change: mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development Agricultural research investment trends in eastern and central Africa Sustainable land management: bye law development and implementation Formulating a national framework for biotechnology and Biosafety policy The new harvest: agricultural innovation in Africa Achieving gender equality in development: so much done, so much to do Emerging trends: a case for reconsidering policy action and priorities How international price volatility affects domestic economies and food security The AgriForum Newsletter The AgriForum Newsletter

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 Issue 2 Issue 3

Table 14: List of Electronic Newsletters 7.1.1.Journals 1. Abdalla H.M., Gamar Y.A. 2011. Climate change: selection of sorghum genotype with wide adaptation, AG-17, for rain-fed areas of Sudan. International Journal of AgriScience Vol. 1(3): 144-155. ISSN: 2228-6322 International Academic Journals. 2. Cooper, P. J. M., et al., (2011). Adding value to field-based agronomic research through climate risk assessment: A case study of maize production in Kitale, Kenya. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp317-338. Cambridge University Press 2011 3. Dawoud, D. A., Ahmed, E. A. and Babiker, A.G.T. (2011). Performance of Striga resistant African Cultivars under Sudan conditions. Sudan Agricultural Research Journal, 17: 65-72 4. Donatha Damian Tibuhwa. 2011. Morphology and taxonomy of Sarcoscypha ololosokwaniensis sp. nov.: A new Ascomycota species from Serengeti National Park-Tanzania. Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research Vol. 2(1), pp. 1 - 6, January 2011. ISSN 2141-2413 2011 Academic Journals. 5. Farrow, A. et al., (2011). Assessing the risk of root rots in common beans in East Africa using simulated, estimated and observed daily rainfall data. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp357-373. Cambridge University Press 2011 6. Gathenya, M., et al., (2011). Climate- and land use-induced risks to watershed services in the Nyando river basin, Kenya. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp339-356. Cambridge University Press 2011 7. Hansen, J., et al., (2011). Review of seasonal climate forecasting for agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp 205 - 240. Cambridge University Press 2011 8. Jarvis, A. et al., (2011). An integrated adaptation and mitigation framework for developing agricultural research: Synergies and trade-offs. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp185 - 203. Cambridge University Press 2011 9. K. Mbuya, K.K Nkongolo and A. Kalonji-Mbuyi. 2011. Nutritional analysis of quality protein maize (QPM) varieties selected for agronomic characteristics in a breeding program. International
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Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 5(4): 317-327, 2011. ISSN 1819-3595/DOI: 10.3923/ijbg.2011.317.327 10. Kipkoech, A., Okeyo-Owour, J.P & Mogaka, H eds. (2011). Towards implementation of Payment for Environmental Services (PES): A collection of findings linked to the ASARECA funded research activities. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller GmbH & Co. KG - Germany 11. Ogero Kwame, Gitonga N.M, Omwoyo Ombori, and Michael Ngugi. 2010. Cassava Production and limitation of propagation through tissue culture. In: Contributions of agricultural sciences towards achieving the Millenium Development Goals, Mwangi M. 2010 (editor). Nairobi, Kenya: FaCT Publishing. 160 pp. http://www.m.elewa.org. 12. Osbahr, H. et al., (2011). Supporting agricultural innovation in Uganda to respond to climate risk: Linking climate change and variability with farmer perceptions. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp293-316. Cambridge University Press 2011 13. Ouma, R., Mude, A., & Van de Steeg, J. (2011). Dealing with climate-related risks: Some pioneering ideas for enhanced pastoral risk management in Africa. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp375-393. Cambridge University Press 2011 14. Rao, K.P.C et al., (2011). Climate variability and change: farmer perceptions and understanding of intra-seasonal variability in rainfall and associated risk in semi-arid Kenya. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp267 - 291. Cambridge University Press 2011 15. Stern, R.D & Coe, R. (2011). Assessing and addressing climate-induced risk in sub-Saharan Africa rained agriculture" Lessons learnt. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp395-410. Cambridge University Press 2011 16. Stern, R.D & Copper P. J. M (2011). Assessing climate risk and climate change using rainfall data - A case study from Zambia. In Experimental Agriculture (2011), volume 47(2), pp241 - 266. Cambridge University Press 2011 17. Tinzaara, W., E. Karamura, J. Kubiriba, M. Byabachwezi, W. Tushemereirwe and F. Opio, 2010. The Integrated Approach for the Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa. Proceedings of the African Crop Science conferences, Cape Town, South Africa, 27 September to 2 October 2009, Vol. 9. pp. 691 696 18. van de Steeg., et al., (2009). The influence of current and future climate-induced risk on the agricultural sector in East and Central Africa. International Livestock Research Institute Research report no. 22. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), & International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) 7.1.1.Books & Book Chapters 1. Admassu, H., Getinet, M., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Ethiopia. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming 2. ASARECA, 2011. ASARECA Gender Mainstreaming strategic Plan 2010-2013: Together we can find solutions for improved livelihood and sustainable agriculture 3. ASARECA 2011. PAAP Advocacy strategy 4. Baramburiye, J., Kyotalimye, M., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Burundi. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming 5. Barun G. 2011. Introduction: Engaging with the challenges for mainstreaming gender in agricultural research and development. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -- Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 6. Barun G., Ssendiwala, E., Waithaka, M (Eds). 2011. Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line]. Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. -- (CIAT Publication No. 373) 7. Bashaasha, B., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Uganda. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming

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8. Bissrat Ghebru, B., Araia, W., Ogbazghi, W., Gebreselassie, M., Thomas, T. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Eritrea. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming 9. Chiche, Y., Tesfaye, A. 2011. Towards gender mainstreaming in an agricultural research system: Organizational assessment of gender aspects in Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR). In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -- Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 10. Draft book on Management and Utilisation of Prosopis spp. in arid and semi-arid areas drafted. 11. Draft paper to be a chapter in a book on: Agricultural Innovation Triangles 12. Dusengemungu, L., Rucibigango, M., Mukakalisa, S., Badege, P., Mukankubana, D., Nyiraneza, C., Mbanda, J. 2011. Influencing change in the Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR) through gender analysis in participatory research. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line], edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -- Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 13. El-Dukheri, I., Abdalla, I. 2011. Promoting participatory research and gender analysis within the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Sudan: Influencing change. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 14. Kabanyoro, R., Turyamureeba, G. 2011. Mainstreaming participatory research and gender analysis in National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), Uganda. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 15. Kanyeka,. E.K., Lwezaura, D., Lema, N. 2011. Influencing change: Gender mainstreaming in national agricultural research system in Tanzania. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -- Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 16. Kinkela, S. S., Bahandi, C.A. 2011. Gender issues and perspectives in agricultural research and development projects in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -- Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 17. Makokha, O., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Kenya. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming. 18. Nelson, G (ed). 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Eastern and Central Africa. IFPRI-ASARECA research compendium forthcoming 19. Ngugi, J.N., Nyongesa, D.J.W., Gathaara, V. 2011. Experiences and lessons learned in the mainstreaming of gender analysis and participatory research in national agricultural research systems: The case of Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373)
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20. Ramiaramanana, D., Randriambolanoro, L., Bodovololona, R., Razafimandimby, S. 2011.

Challenges for gender mainstreaming in Centre National de Recherche Applique au Dveloppement Rural (FOFIFA), Madagascar. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -- Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 21. Ssendiwala, E., Waithaka, M. 2011. Influencing change: Project evaluation. In Influencing change: Mainstreaming gender perspectives in agricultural research and development in Eastern and Central Africa [on line] / edited by Barun Gurung, Elizabeth Ssendiwala and Michael Waithaka. -Cali, Columbia: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Entebbe, Uganda: Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), 2011. 162 p. (CIAT Publication No. 373) 22. Taha, A., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Sudan. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming 23. Tenge, N., Mutabazi, A., Thomas, T. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Rwanda. Country chapter in IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming 24. Waithaka, M., Thomas, T., Kyotalimye, M., Nelson, G. 2011. Overview in Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Eastern and Central Africa. IFPRI-ASARECA research monograph forthcoming 7.1.1.Manuscripts & Research Draft Papers 1. Adikini, S. L. Tripathi, F. Beed, G. Tusiime, E.M. Magembe and D.J. Kim. Development of sensitive and specific molecular tool for detecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. Musacearum. Plant Pathology 2. Agnes G. Mwakaje Emmanuel Manyasa, Nelson Wawire, David Ongare, Muchane Muchai, Clet Wandui Masiga, Alfeo Nikundiwe, Charles Mugoya. Socio-economic mapping and livelihood study in Tanzania with a Focus on Serengeti Mara Ecosystem 3. Agnes G. Mwakaje Emmanuel Manyasa, Nelson Wawire, David Ongare, Muchane Muchai, Clet Wandui Masiga, Alfeo Nikundiwe, Charles Mugoya: Income generation and governance challenges by local Communities in Protected Areas: The Case of Serengeti Mara Ecosystem (SME) 4. Ambonesigwe Mbwaga, Juma Kayeke, Johnnie Ebiyau, Joseph Okalebo, Mekonnen Sime, Alemu Tirfesa, Dafalla Ahmed, And Elfaith Abdel. Integrated Striga Management Options for Increased Sorghum Productivity in Striga Infested Areas of Eastern and Central African (ECA) Countries 5. Amutete, G, Wambugu, G.M., Mwangi, J. M, Masiga, C.W., Mugoya, C. and Muchane: Implications of Land use Systems on Avifaunal Diversity in the Masai-Mara Ecosystem 6. ARIM, Economics of rice-legumes spatial planting methods 7. ASARECA, 2011. Natural resource management and biodiversity conservation in the dry lands of eastern and central Africa 8. Barungi, M., Ngongola, D.H., Edriss, A., Mugisha, J., Waithaka, M.,. Tukahirwa, J. 2011. Enhancing adoption of soil erosion control technologies through enactment of land care byelaws: evidence from Mt. Elgon highlands in eastern Uganda. Research report. 9. Bernard Ngoru & Sospeter Kiambi: Conflicts and community perceptions on wildlife in different zonations of Masai Mara National reserve and adjacent group ranches 10. Bernard Ngoru*1, Charles Musyoki1, Sospeter Kiambi1, Geoffrey Mwangi3, Charles Mugoya2, Clet W. Masiga2, Muchane Muchai: Spatial distribution, abundance and diversity of small mammals (rodents and shrews) in relation to land use practices in Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya 11. Bernard Ngoru, Charles Musyoki, Sospeter Kiambi, Charles Mugoya, Clet W. Masiga, Muchane Muchai: Influence of land use abundance, diversity, and distribution of large mammals in Maasai Mara Ecosystem, Kenya. 12. Charles M. Warui: Two new species of spiders Araneae (family Oonopidae & Papimanidae) from Eastern Africa. 13. Charles Warui1*, Bruno Nyundo2, Muchai Muchane1, Charles Musyoki3, Charles Mugoya4, & Clet Wandui Masiga: Effect of land-use types on the diversity of spiders and other invertebrates in the Mara Ecosystem, Kenya 14. Dawit, A and Asmare, D. 2008. Banana Markets in Ethiopia: Constraints and Opportunities 15. Ebiyau, J. 2011. Preferred Sorghum grain attributes, food types, level of commercial utilisation and markets at both rural and urban levels
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16. Emmanuel Mayasa, Agnes Mwakaje, Nelson Wawire, Clet Wandui Masiga, Charles Mugoya,
Alfeo Nikundiwe, Muchane Muchai: An Empirical analysis of livelihoods sustainability in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem 17. Fikadu, G. 2011. Climate change impact on sorghum production in Melkassa, Ethiopia 18. Fikadu, G; Andualem S; Yohanes F., Degefie T.Gizachew L. Girma M. 2011. Sorghum simulation modeling using DSSAT for Meisso, Kobo and Fedis 19. Flora John Magige, Clet Wandui Masiga, Charles Mugoya, Muchane Muchai, Agnes Mwakaje, Alfeo Nikundiwe: Human-wildlife interaction in Serengeti and Ngorongoro districts of Tanzania: A case study on small mammals 20. Fridah M. Mgonja, Hottensiah W.Mwangi , Habtamu Admassu, Jesse K.Karau, Peter Matowo, Bashir Makoko, Paul Kahiga, Dagne Wagary Gissa, Fina Opio, Ivan Rwomushana and Elias Thuranira. 2011. Soil and Water Management Technologies and Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties available for use in ECA Countries 21. Habtamu A., Dagne W and Abebe Kirub. 2011. Investing on scaling out best-bet production technologies: a critical factor for food security in the semi-arid agricultural systems of ECA 22. J. Ebiyau, J.P. Hella, J., Okalebo, A.M Mbwaga, I. Rwomushana and D. Oyena Opportunities for Commercialization and Utilization of Sorghum in Uganda and Tanzania. 23. James Wakibara, Rehema Kaitila, Charles Mugoya, Clet W. Masiga, Muchane Muchai: Effect Of Land Use To The Abundance And Distribution Of Large Mammals; Case Study Of Serengeti National Park 24. Kangara J. 2011. Growth and laying performance of chickens fed QPM diets. Kim D J Comparison of NCM-ELISA and RT-PCR Techniques for the Diagnostics of Sweetpotato Viruses 25. Karugia, J., Wanjiku, J., Waithaka, M. 2011. The impact of non-tariff barriers on maize and beef trade in East Africa. Submitted to African Development Review Journal. 26. Karugia, J., Wanjiku, J., Waithaka, M., Babu, S. 2011. Persistence of high food prices in Eastern Africa: What role for policy? Submitted to Special issue of Food Policy Journal 27. Kasina et al. 2011. Evaluation of neoniconinoid seed dressing formulations for control of bean fly (Ophiomyia spp) in snap beans at Mwea, Central Kenya. Paper presented at the National Council of Science Conference, Nairobi. 3 6 May 2011. 28. Kayeke J, Mkoga Z., Kiranga E., Mwalyego and Mghogho R., Kayeke, S., Urio, P. Sakalani, A., and Kapiteni M. 2011. Rice Production technologies for improving productivity in lowland rainfed rice in Tanzania 29. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Performance of Wahi and Hakika Sorghum varieties in semi arid of Tanzania 30. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Proceeding of Sorghum Research in Tanzania 31. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Striga management in sorghum production 32. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. The effect of herbicide (oxdazion) on the growth and development of rice 33. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Water productivity in Sorghum growing 34. Kinyua, Z.M., Kashaija, I., Bararyenya, A., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Tindimuboona, S. Comparative Efficiency of Seed Potato Quality Improvement Techniques 35. Kinyua, Z.M., Kashaija, I., Baryarenya, A., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Tindimuboona, S. The Status of Seed Potato Production and Utilization in Burundi, Kenya and Uganda 36. Kinyua, ZM., Kashaija, I., Bararyenya, A., Schulte-Geldermann, E., Tindimuboona, S. Factors Influencing the Performance of Seed Plot Technique in Seed Potato Quality Improvement among Small Scale Farmers 37. Kubiriba J., J. W. Muthomi, V. Ndungo, J. K. Kwach, M. A. Onyango: Rehabilitation of fields affected by Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa 38. Laike, K. 2011. Improved Conservation Tillage Implements for Mitigating Drought and Improving Sorghum Productivity in Ethiopia 39. Lekule, F. P., J. Malole. 2011. Effect of substituting Quality Protein Maize in broiler diets 40. Ley G et al. 2011. Crop, Soil-water and Nutrient Management Options for Sustainable Lowland Rice-Legumes Cropping System 41. Ley G et al. 2011. Economics of Rice Legumes Spatial Planting Methods: A case study of Morogoro Rural District 42. Ley G et al. 2011. Potentials for adoption of integrated lowland rice-legume technologies for small scale farmers in Morogoro, Tanzania 43. Ley G et al. 2011. Rodent Situation in the Rice Growing Areas of Mvomero District, Tanzania 44. Mary Nyawira Muchane, Muchai Muchane, Charles Mugoya, Clet Wandui Masiga: Rhizobia diversity across in different land use systems in Serengeti-Mara ecosystem 45. Mary Nyawira Muchane., Charles Mugoya, Clet Wandui Masiga, Muchai Muchane: Effect of land use system on Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem, Kenya
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46. Matowo, P.R., Fridah Mgonja, L. C. Mushi and Charles Makalanga. 2011. The use of mother baby approach to scale up Soil/Water Management Technologies and Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties in Northern Tanzania 47. Mischeck, D. 2011. Use of Neocotinoid Insecticides and Varietal Resistance to Manage Bean Fly (Ophiomya Spp) and Other Arthropod Pests of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) MSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nairobi. 48. Mohammed Yesuf (2011). Major Fungal Pathogens Associated with Banana Fruits as Causes of postharvest rot in Ethiopia 49. Mohammed, Y. 2011. Major Fungal Pathogens Associated with Banana Fruits as Causes of postharvest rot in Ethiopia 50. Muchai Muchane1, Emmanuel Mayasa6, Alfeo Nikundiwe2, Charles Musyoki5, Charles Warui1, Nelson Wawire6, Agnes Mwakaje2, Mary Nyawira Muchane1, Donatha Tibuhwa2, David Ongare7, Bernard Ngoru5, Peter Hongo5, Charles Warui1, Rehema Kaitila4, Bruno Nyundo2, George Amutete1, Geoffrey Mwangi1, Ayub Macharia7, Chacha Werema2, Cosmas Mlingo2, Clet Wandui Masiga3, Charles Mugoya3, James Wakibara: Best-bet sustainable land management practices in wet and semi-arid Savannah of Serengeti Mara Ecosystem. 51. Muchane M.N ., WambuguG.M., Mwangi J.M., Masiga C. W2., and Mugoya C., and Muchai S.M: Land use Practices And Their Implications On Soil Macro-Fauna In Maasai Mara Ecosystem 52. Mukantwali, C., J.B. Shingiro, L. Dusengemungu, H. Vasanthakaalam, G. Mukamurezi, D. Nkezabahizi, E. Gatera and J.M. Wagacha: Small scale production of quality banana wine in Rwanda 53. Mukantwali, C., J.B. Shingiro, L. Dusengemungu, H. Vasanthakaalam, G. Mukamurezi, D. Nkezabahizi, E. Gatera and J.M. Wagacha: Assessment of banana processing technologies in Rwanda 54. Mulwa, R.M. 2011. Ex-ante impact assessment of adopting Bt-Maize and Bt-Cotton in selected COMESA member countries. Draft report 55. Mutetikka D., R. Mwesigwa D. Opio and G. Asea. 2011. Substituting Fish with Cottonseed Cake in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Diets for Growing Pigs 56. Mwangi, H. 2011. Technologies for increasing productivity of maize in drought prone areas of Kenya 57. Nakato, V and F. Beed: Evaluation of potential spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum through common trade routes across Uganda 58. Nakato, V., I. Ramathani and F. Beed: Characterisation of orange bacterium associated with Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum, the causal agent of BXW: banana Xanthomonas wilt 59. NARI. 2010. Socio-Economic baseline study in pearl millet growing areas of Zoba Ansba 60. Ngoru B., C. Musyoki, S. Kiambi, R. Kaitila, M. Muchai, A. Nikundiwe, C. Mugoya, C. W. Masiga Spatial variations in tree species composition in relation to land use in Maasai Mara National reserve and adjacent group ranches 61. Niko, N., P. Ndayihanzamaso, P. Lepoint, E. Sakayoya and I. Ramathani: First report on the occurrence of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in Burundi 62. Notenbaert, A., Davies, J., De Leeuw, J., Said, M., Herrero, M., Manzano, P., Waithaka, M., Aboud, A., Omondi, S. 2011. Investment needs and policy options to support the complementarities between pastoralism and biodiversity in Eastern Africa. Submitted to: Journal of pastoralism: research, policy and practice 63. Onyango, M et al. 2011. Farmers perspective of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt disease management in East and Central Africa 64. Onyango, M., Johnson Kwach, James Muthomi and Michael Odongo. 2011. Effects of replanting time after destruction of BXW infected fields 65. Onyango, M., R. Erima, V. Ndungo, J. M. Nkuba, G. Night, W.Tinzaara, J. Kubiriba, J. Kwach1, E. Karamura, W K. Tushemereirwe, M. Odongo and K. Mailu: Farmers perspective of BXW disease management in East and Central Africa: Banana production practices of East and Central Africa farmers with reference to BXW disease management 66. Ouma et al. 2011. Dissemination and adoption of QPM in East Africa 67. Ouma.J.O, Asea, G. and F. Opio. 2011. Market access and opportunities for Quality Protein Maize products 68. Rasha, J. Matheka, M S. Runo, Abdelbagi and J. Machuka: Effect of auxin and explants on callus induction from Sudanesse maize lines 69. Regional project team, Integrated Management Options for Sustainable Lowland Rice-Legumes cropping system: Proceedings of the Regional Inception Workshop 70. Seth M., L. Tulu, R. Oduor, E. Mneney and J. Machuka: Invitro regeneration of selected commercial Tanzanian open pollinated maize variety. AJB
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71. Sylvester A, A. Mugutu, A. Rasha, J. Machuka: Progress in transformation and regeneration of tropical inbred maize lines in Kenya. Newsletter Article 72. Theodora S. H, Stella E. Adur and Godfrey Asea. 2011. Market Analysis of Quality Protein Maize in Uganda 73. Tibuhwa D.D., M.N, Muchane , C. W, Masiga, C. Mugoya, M, Muchai: An Inventory of Macro-fungi and their Diversity in the Serengeti-Masai Mara ecosystem, Tanzania and Kenya. 74. Tinzaara, W., E. Karamura, J. Kubiriba, M. Byabachwezi, W. Tushemereirwe and F. Opio, 2010. The Integrated Approach for the Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa. Proceedings of the African Crop Science conferences, Cape Town, South Africa, 27 September to 2 October 2009 (in press) 75. Tinzaara, W., J. Kubiriba, Idd Ramathani, G. Night, J. Nkuba, M. Onyango, V. Ndungo, E. Karamura, J. Kwach, F. Opio, W. Tush: Current status of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt in East and Central Africa 76. Tulu L, M. Seth, S. Runo, W. Teffera, J. Machuka (2011): Regenerability of elite tropical maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines using immature embryo explants. AJB 77. Wafula, D., Waithaka, M., Komen, J., Karembu, M., 2011. Biosafety legislation and biotechnology development gains momentum in Africa. Submitted to: Journal of GM crops-special issue on biosafety regulation. 78. Wagacha, J., Innocent Ndyetabula, William Tinzaara, Jerome Kubiriba, Ndungo Vigheri and James Muthomi: Approaches for the management of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa 79. Wanyama J. M, G. A. Ombakho, M. W. Wanyonyi, S. C. Rono, E. Sikinyi and C. Onyango. 2010. Challenges and opportunities of disseminating Quality Protein Maize along Agricultural Productivity Value Chain in Kenya. In the 3rd National council for Science and Technology conference proceedings 3rd to7th May 2010 7.1.1.Booklets 1. Mgonja, F., T. Mmbaga, C. Yangole, B. Makoko and M. Semlow, Teknologia za kuhifadhi udongo na maji na mbegu za zinazostahimili ukame 2. Mukantwali, C and Mukandahiro I.B. June 2010. Booklet on banana production, banana ripening, wine processing and good manufacturing 3. Onyango, M et al. 2011. Success stories on BXW management in Kenya 7.1.1.Manuals & Field Guide 1. A CBSD resource kit translated into Samia, Acholi, Ateso, Luganda, Lugbara and Runyoro for wider use in Uganda {Four materials adopted from the kit (leaflet, manual, flyer and factsheet) were translated into French and Malagasy for use in Madagascar} 2. A field guide on the management of bacterial wilt on banana, Ethiopia. 3. ARIM, Guidelines for irrigated rice production (in Kiswahili) - Manual 4. ARIM, Guidelines for the production of rice Quality Declared Seed (QDS) 5. Cherono, P., Kurwijila, L., Omore, A. 2011. Commercialized Supply of Training and Certification in Milk Quality Assurance in Eastern Africa. A Guide for Practitioners. ASARECA manual. 6. Dieudonn Harahagazwe, Astre Bararyenya, Bernadette Hakizimana, Micheline Inamahoro, Nicolas Niko, Damien Niyongabo. Uburyo Umurimyi Muto Yokoresha Mu Kugwiza Imbuto Zibiraya Nziza, Igitabo Cinyigisho, Canditswe Na (Manual in Kirundi) 7. FOFIFA, Guidelines for irrigated rice production (in French) 8. FOFIFA, Guidelines for irrigated rice production (in Malagasy) 9. Habtamu A, Dagne Wegary and Abebe Kirub. 2011. Technologies for Maize Production in SemiArid Areas of Ethiopia 10. Karamura, E. B., W. Tinzaara, F, Sssekiwoko, F. L. Turyagyenda, G. Blomme and S. EdenGreen. 2010. Xanthomonas Wilt of Bananas in East and Central Africa (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum): Diagnostic and Management Guide, Bioversity, Uganda, Revised edition (in press) 11. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Integrated diseases management 12. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Integrated weed management 13. Kayeke, J et al. 2011. Training need assessment and situation analysis for lowland rainfed rice farmers in Southern Tanzania: Lesson learned

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14. Mohammed Yesuf (2011). Field guide on the management of bacterial wilt of banana and enset (using local language) (Manual) 15. Mohammed Yesuf. 2011. Field guide on the management of bacterial wilt of banana and enset (using local language 16. Mwalyego F. Shao, Kayeke J and R.M. Mghogho. 2011. Magonjwa Muhimu Katika Kilimo Cha Mpunga: Dalili, Madhara na Udhibiti 17. Onyango, M et al. 2010. Symptoms used in identification of common banana diseases in Kenya 18. Solar drying of fruits and vegetables training manual: Principles, GMPs/GHPs and HACCP plan development. Sokoine University of Agriculture. 19. Trainers Manual and Picture Book for extension officers and farmers groups 20. Training Manual for management of ticks and tick borne diseases. 21. Z.M. Kinyua, M.J., J. Kinoti, B.C. Langat, M.W. Wakahiu, S.K. Nderitu, P.M. Kinyae, D. Kipkoech, N.G. Miruci, Edward Mwamba. Enhancing the Quality and Availability of Seed Potatoes to SmallScale Farmers (Field Manual).

7.1.1.Documentaries
Documentary Theme Consumer characterization Threatened Survival Sorghum Value Addition Integrated Striga Management Management of Banana Bacterial Wilt Fodder establishment, management and conservation Taenia solium cysticercosis Crop-livestock integration technologies and methods Value chain of climbing beans (Burundi Kirundi; DRC - French) Dramatized songs on extension of climbing bean technologies (in local language and Swahili) {1 DVD + 1 CD} Training brochures on intercropping methods between beans and cassava, and beans and bananas in various languages {CD} Genetic engineering of maize for drought tolerance Farmer training and forage seed distribution Soils and water management technologies Sorghum value addition technologies and products Farmer sensitization on Climbing Beans Radio program on Climbing Beans Targeting the youth (Mkulima Soko) Number 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 29 3 1 3 48 Countries Rwanda, Uganda Kenya Kenya Uganda Burundi Tanzania Burundi Uganda Burundi, DRC DRC DRC Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan Sudan Kenya, Tanzania Uganda Burundi, DRC Rwanda Uganda

DVD (+ CD)

Radio Spot Messages & Television TOTAL

Table 15: List of Documentaries 7.1.2.Policy Briefs 1. ABCD Policy Brief 1. 2011. Synopsis of policy status on drylands development, Pastoralism and Conservation in the Horn and East Africa. Draft 2. ABCD Policy Brief 2. 2011. Pastoralism and Biodiversity in Eastern Africa: Valuation of Current and Potential Land Use. Draft 3. ABCD Policy Brief 3. 2011. Policy Change, Biodiversity Conservation and Dryland development in Ethiopia. Draft 4. ABCD Policy Brief 4. 2011. Synopsis of policy status on Pastoralism and Conservation in Kenya. Draft 5. ABCD Policy Brief 5. 2011Tanzania: Wildlife and Livestock need each other for prosperity. Draft 6. Admassu, H., Getinet, M., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Ethiopia. Fact sheet presented for use by Ethiopia government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa. 7. Baramburiye, J., Kyotalimye, M., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Burundi. Fact sheet presented for use by Burundi government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa.
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8. Bashaasha, B., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Uganda. Fact sheet presented for use by Uganda government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa. 9. Bissrat Ghebru, B., Araia, W., Ogbazghi, W., Gebreselassie, M., Thomas, T. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Eritrea. Fact sheet presented for use by Eritrea government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa 10. Makokha, O., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Kenya. Fact sheet presented for use by Kenya government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa. 11. Nienke Beintema, April, 2011. Benchmark of agricultural research investment and capacity trends across ASARECA countries 12. Taha, A., Thomas, T., Waithaka, M. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Sudan. Fact sheet presented for use by Sudan government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa. 13. Tenge, N., Mutabazi, A., Thomas, T. 2011. Assessing the Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change in Rwanda. Fact sheet presented for use by Rwanda government officials as background material for Africa A Call to Action: An African Ministerial Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture, September 13-14, 2011. Johannesburg, South Africa. 14. Wafula, D. 2011. Policy Statements and guidelines for commercial planting of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), trade in GMOS, and emergency food aid with GM Content. COMESA Ministerial Brief, forthcoming. 15. Wafula, D., Karembu, M., Waithaka, M., Belay, G. 2011. Highlights of Key Contributions from ASARECA Countries on Draft COMESA Biosafety Policies and Guidelines. RABESA Policy Brief Sept 2011. 16. Wafula, D., Karembu, M., Waithaka, M., Belay, G. 2011.Modern biotechnology in the European Union: Achievements and challenges. RABESA Policy Brief .September 2011. 17. Yirga, C. 2011. Facilitating Policy Reforms in NRM: Experiences of Participatory Action Research from the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. G2S Policy Brief. September 2011. 7.1.1.Posters 1. Best-bet land use practices in savannah ecosystems. 2. Ebiyau, J. 2010. Progress on value addition of sorghum (CD-ROM) 3. Ebiyau, J. 2010. Value added sorghum products 4. Fine Mapping of QTLs associated with striga resistance in sorghum 5. FOFIFA, Guidelines for irrigated rice production (in Malagasy) 6. FOFIFA, Irrigation rice production (in French & Malagasy) 7. FOFIFA. 2011. Fantaro ny aretina vaovao mety mahazo ny mangahazo (CBSD) (In Malagasy) 8. Genetic engineering of maize for drought tolerance. 9. Kuria E., M S. Runo, and J. Machuka: bioengineering maize with c-repeat binding factor s a strategy towards drought tolerance 10. Mgonja, F and C. Yangole, Teknologia za kuhifadhi udongo na maji na mbegu za zinazostahimili ukame 11. Mgonja, F., T. Mmbaga, C. Yangole, B. Makoko and M. Semlow, Teknologia za kuhifadhi udongo na maji na mbegu za zinazostahimili ukame 12. Mukantwali, C and Mukandahiro I.B. June 2010. Booklet on banana production, banana ripening, wine processing and good manufacturing 13. Onyango, M et al. 2010. Update of identification and control of important banana pests and diseases 14. Poster on BXW for farmers and extension workers (4,700 copies produced in English, Swahili, French, Kirundi, Luganda and Runyankore). 15. Posters on Teania 16. Seth M, R. Oduor, E. Mneney, R. Iyer, J. A. Thomson and J. Machuka: A transgenic approach to develop drought tolerant maize using genes isolated from xerophyta viscose. Presented in the 10th African Crop Science Society Conference, 10-13 Oct, 2011, Maputo-Mozambique.

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7.1.1.Leaflets, Flyers & Fact Sheets 1. FOFIFA, Irrigation rice production (in French) 2. FOFIFA, Irrigation rice production (in Malagasy) 3. FOFIFA. 2011. Fantaro ny aretina vaovao mety mahazo ny mangahazo (CBSD) (In Malagasy) 7.1.1.Pamphlets 1. Ebiyau, J. 2010. Value added sorghum products 7.1.1.CD-Rom 1. Ebiyau, J. 2010. Progress on value addition of sorghum 7.1.1.Website Designed 1. Kenya: http://www.erails.net/KE/; and http://www.erails.net/KE/donata-ofsp/donata-project/Home/; 2. Uganda: http://www.erails.net/UG/iptagulu/donata-ofsp-project/Home/; 3. Ethiopia: http://www.erails.net/ET/eiar/ias-management/project-goal/the-ethiopian-case-/; 4. Burundi: http://www.erails.net/BI/esperancehabindavyi/isabu/projects-at-isabu/; 5. Rwanda: http://www.erails.net/RW/isaradmin/banana-program/about-us/; 6. Sudan: http://www.erails.net/SD/ ; and http://www.erails.net/SD/khliel/gis/about-gis-unit/ 7. DRC: http://www.erails.net/CD/jocelin-makoko/rails-en-rdc/ ; and http://www.erails.net/CD/donatardc/qpm-en-rd-congo// 7.1.1.Brochures 1. Combating hunger: enhancing effectiveness of agricultural input and output markets in ECA 2. Early warning approaches in arid and semi arid areas 3. Facilitating collective marketing best practices in Kenya and Uganda: Project Profile 4. Facilitating collective marketing best practices: stakeholders directory 5. Onyango, M et al. 2010. Update of identification and control of important banana pests and diseases 6. Six brochures on drip irrigation (2), lablab (1), Calliandra (1), farmers associations (1), and fixed knife forage chopper (1) 7. Summary of the milk and meat consumer survey results 8. Two brochures on ticks and management of ticks and tick borne diseases. 9. Two information brochures summarizing the results of the milk consumer surveys 7.1.1.Monographs 1. ASARECA. 2011. Natural Resource Management and Biodiversity Conservation in the Drylands of Eastern and Central Africa. A report for Association for the Strengthening of Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA). 2. Gelan, A., Omore, A. 2011. Impacts of changing tariff and non-tariff barriers on dairy trade in east Africa. PAAP Monograph forthcoming 3. Kasente, D. 2011. Gender mainstreaming and research in ASARECA: paper prepared for the training on gender mainstreaming in agricultural research for ASARECA Secretariat staff at Imperial Botanical Beach Hotel, 8-11th February 2011 4. Kasente, D. 2011. Gender mainstreaming and value chains in agriculture: paper prepared for the training on gender mainstreaming in agricultural research for ASARECA Secretariat staff at Imperial Botanical Beach Hotel, 8-11th February 2011 5. Mulwa, R.M. Waithaka, M., Kyotalimye, M., Warinda, E. 2011. Assessment of potential impacts of adoption of cassava standards. PAAP Discussion Paper 6. Mulwa, R.M., Karembu, M., Wafula, D. Waithaka, M. 2011. Assessment of potential impacts of adopting Bt-Maize and Bt-Cotton in selected COMESA countries. PAAP Discussion Paper 7. Nelson, G., Waithaka, M., Kinyangi, J. (Eds) 2011. Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in eastern and central Africa. IFPRI monograph. Forthcoming 8. Omore, A., Waithaka, M. 2011. Synthesis of lessons and impacts of an improved dairy policy environment in eastern Africa: 2004 2010 7.1.1.General Reports {Workshops, Annual Reports, etc} 1. Equal opportunity for a just and sustainable agriculture development: proceedings of a training workshop on gender mainstreaming in agricultural research for ASARECA Secretariat staff; Imperial Botanical Beach Hotel, Entebbe, Uganda
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2. Equal opportunity for a just and sustainable agriculture development: proceedings of a training workshop on gender mainstreaming in agricultural research for Ethiopia NARS staff; Intercontinental Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3. Improving the capacity of agricultural research in the ASARECA sub region through the SCARDA project, April 2010. 4. Influence of relief on livestock pricing and marketing 5. January December quarterly report, July 2011 6. January- March progress report on SCARDA, April 2010 7. Kiambi Dan, Charles Mugoya and clet Wandui Masiga: proceeding of training in Marker assisted selection for striga resistance in sorghum for sorghum breeders and technicians 8. Kyotalimye, M., Waithaka, M. 2011. Proceedings of the annual general meeting of the eastern Africa Seed Committee (EASCOM) held at Imperial Resort Beach Hotel, Entebbe, 23 - 25th February 2011. 9. Progress report on EAAPP, April 2011 10. Report on the second learning workshop in ARC, April 2011 11. Report on the second learning workshop in ISAR, April 2011 12. Report on the second SCARDA resource mobilization workshop, April 2011 13. Report on the third learning workshop, May 2011 14. Report on the training of ASARECA programme management team in AIS and VCA, April 2011 15. Report on Sensitization workshop: evaluation of drought and Striga resistance 16. Report on the Training and planning workshop on Genetic Engineering of Maize 17. Report on the Writeshop to produce project publications and communication materials 18. Report on the development of the certification of tissue culture plantlets 19. SCARDA first quarterly report, April 2011 20. Success stories of application of agricultural biotechnology in ECA 21. The ASARECA 2009 Annual report. 22. The May 2011 issue of the ASARECA Newsletter the Agriforum. 23. Toye Phil, Charles Mugoya and Clet Masiga: Proceeding of the training on on Teania cysticercosis diagnostic kit, pig value chains in East Africa, epidemiology 24. Workshop report on the third EAAPP-ASARECA convened meeting 7.1.1.Newspaper articles 1. Daily Monitor Friday July 8, 2011.EAC dairy regulators seek channels to grow industry 2. Daily Nation Thursday, July 7, 2011. EAC officials seek transformation of regional dairy sector. http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/EAC+official+seeks+transformation+of+regional+dairy+se ctor/-/1006/1196178/-/hu0jv5/-/index.html 3. Six articles on Plant Genetic Resources. 4. Three newspaper articles on crop-livestock integration (Daily Monitor Jan 26, Feb 16, and March 9 2011) 5. Two newspaper articles on African Indigenous vegetable seed production 6. One newspaper article on nutrient feeding blocks for dairy cattle 7. Twenty five articles being drafted for publication in peer reviewed referenced journal for the best bet land use practices for savannah ecosystems 8. Thirteen news paper articles on evaluation of striga resistant and drought tolerant sorghum varieties

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7.1.Annex 2: ASARECA M&E information matrix Targets and Actual Values

Project Development Objective: To enhance access and utilization of agricultural research technologies and innovations in the regional agricultural systems of Eastern & Central Africa. Purpose: Enhanced Access and Utilization of Agricultural Research Technologies and Innovations in the Regional Agricultural Systems of Eastern and Central Africa Table 16: Cumulative Targets and Actuals (based on OP)
Project Outcome Indicators Indicator 1: Number of stakeholders accessing the technologies and innovations Indicator 2. Percentage of stakeholders adopting new technologies and management practices in selected development domains (desegregated by gender) Indicator 3: Number of reform of policies, laws, regulations and procedures approved Indicator 4: Level of satisfaction with technologies and innovations Indicator 5: Number of direct beneficiaries reached through ASARECA support (disaggregated by gender) {New} Unit of Measure Baseline 2008 YR 1 2009 9,384 (9,134) Target and (Actual) Cumulative Values YR 2 YR3 YR 4 2010 2011 2012 33,578 (32,04 9) 121,078 (100,681 ) 160,078 YR5 2013 209,778

Number

2,014

Percent

8.3

18 (20.6)

27.4 (25)

41.8 (41.5)

50

63

Number

6 (6) 30.3 (11.5)

14 (12) 33.3 (24)

22 (17) 56.7 (58)

30

34

Percent

60%

67.5

75

Number

INTERMEDIATE RESULTS Output 1: Strengthened gender responsive governance and management systems in ASARECA Indicator 1: Pluralistic decision 10 NARIs On On On making processes in Board course course course Indicator 2: Compliance with organizational operational procedures and standards Indicator 3: Percentage growth in research funding Indicator 4: Rate of implementation of the new ASARECA Constitution Percent No OM & GM 5.70 15 (14.98) 30 (30.56) On course 50 (48.36) Initiated 65 75

Percent

Output 2: Enhanced generation and uptake of demand driven agricultural technologies and innovations Indicator 1: Number of demanddriven technologies/ innovations 97 186 298 Number 57 343 381 generated (92) (161) (268) Indicator 2: Number of demand driven technologies available for uptake 117 (101) 232 (186) 326 (290)

Number

15

331

431

Output 3: Enhanced adoption of policy options by decision makers to improve performance of the agricultural sector in ECA Indicator 1: Number of policies, laws, regulations and procedures 9 22 43 Number 6 58 analyzed (21) (32) (57) Indicator 2: Number of policies, laws, regulations and procedures presented for legislation or decree 8 (17) 18 (25) 32 (34)

66

Number

48

60

Output 4: Strengthened capacity for implementing agricultural research for development in ECA sub-region 15 | P a g e

Project Outcome Indicators Indicator1: Number of ASARECA projects that have incorporated gender responsive agricultural innovation systems Indicator 2: Number of stakeholders whose capacity building needs have been addressed Indicator 3: Number of partner institutions with infrastructure capacity strengthened Indicator 4: Number of partnerships formed

Unit of Measure

Baseline 2008

YR 1 2009 6 (8)

Target and (Actual) Cumulative Values YR 2 YR3 YR 4 2010 2011 2012 33 (35) 27,352 (30,97 7) 206 (205) 118 (123) 54 (55) 77

YR5 2013 89

Number

Number

200

711 (4,072)

50,982 (45,264)

68,436

85,190

Number

66

91 (89) 75 (79)

327 (316) 164 (172)

366

388

Number

32

199

229

Output 5: Enhanced availability of information on agricultural innovation in ECA Indicator 1: Number of information 181 350 568 packages produced Number 82 (130) (286) (563) Indicator 2: Number of appropriate information delivery pathways used Indicator 3: Number of people reached with information packages through different pathways {New} Indicator 4: Level of satisfaction of stakeholders accessing disseminated information Number 22 62 (38) 114 (90) 172 (149)

670

801

224

279

Number

TBD 65% (69.3% ) 68% (73.3% )

Percent

35%

70% (65.2%)

75%

75%

7.2.

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7.3.Annex 3:
ACTESA AFSTA AIS AIV APA ARC ARDI ASARECA AUC AYT BBW BUDLACC BXW CAADP CBOs CBSD CBSV CGIAR CGS CIMMYT CKMS CMD CMIS COMESA DAP DBDS DONATA DRC DRD EAC EAGC EASCOM ECA EIAR EPRC ESA ESASA ESRF EST FAAP FARA FFS FOFIFA FYM GMIS GMOs GTL HVNSC IAR4D ICU ILRI INERA INRM IPTA ISAAA ISABU ISAR ISFM IUCN JKUAT KADLACC KARI KIPPRA
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Acronyms

Alliance for Common Trade in Eastern and southern Africa African Seed Traders Association Agricultural Innovation Systems African indigenous vegetables Austro Project Association Agricultural Research Cooperation, Sudan Agricultural Research and Development Institute Tanzania Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa African Union Commission Advanced Yield Trial Banana Bacterial Wilt Bukwo Land Care Chapter Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program Community based organizations cassava brown streak disease Cassava brown streak virus Consultative group for international agricultural research Competitive Grants Systems The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre Communication and knowledge management strategy Cassava Mosaic Disease Contracts Management Information System Common Markets for Eastern and Southern Africa Di-ammonium phosphate dairy business development service Dissemination for New Agricultural Technologies in Africa Democratic Republic of Congo Department for Research and Development, Tanzania East Africa community East African Grain Council Eastern Africa Seed Committee Eastern and Central Africa Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Economic and Policy Research centre Eastern and Southern Africa Eastern and Southern Africa Seed Alliance Economic and Social Research Foundation Expressed Sequence Tag Framework for African Agricultural Productivity Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa Farmer Field School Centre National de la Recherche Apliqu au Dveloppment Rural Farm yard manure Grants Management System Genetically modified organisms Genetic Technologies Ltd High Value Non-Staple Crops Integrated Agricultural Research for Development Information and Communication International Livestock Research Institute Institut National pour lEtude et la Rechaerche Agronomiques Integrated Natural Resources Management Innovation platforms for technology adoption International Service for Acquisition of Agro-biotech Applications Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda Integrated soil fertility management International Union for Conservation of Nature Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kapchorwa Land Care Chapter Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Kenya Institute of Public Policy Research and Analysis

KMUS KU LFP M&E MAF MARI MDGs MUK NaCRRI NARIs NARO NARS NEPAD NGOs NPT NRM&B NUR OFSP OP OPVs PAAPs PBS PCD PDP PER PES PGR PM&E PMF PMIS PMP PrMIS PTL PYT QDS QPM RABESA RAILS ReSAKSS RUFORUM SCARDA SIMLESA SLM SPCFV SPCSV SPFMV SPMMV SSPT SSR SUA T&C TAMPA TDA TDB TLU TTBDs VVT

Knowledge Management and Up-Scaling Kenyatta University Livestock and Fisheries Program ASARECA Monitoring and Evaluation Mutual Accountability Framework Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute Millennium Development Goals Makerere University National Crops Resources Research Institute National Agricultural Research Institutes National Agricultural Research Organization National Agricultural Research Systems New Partnerships for African development Non Government Organization National Performance Trial Natural Resource Management and Biodiversity program ASARECA National University of Rwanda Orange fleshed sweet potato Operational Plan Open pollinated varieties Policy Analysis and Advocacy Program ASARECA Programme for Biosafety Systems Partnerships and Capacity Development Performance Development Plans Public Expenditure Review Payments for Ecosystem Services Plant Genetic Resources Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Performance Measurement Framework Programme Management Information System Performance monitoring plan Projects Management System Plant transformation Laboratory Preliminary Yield Trial Quality declared system Quality Protein Maize Regional Approach to Biotechnology and Biosafety Policy in Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Agricultural Information and Learning System Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge support System Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture Strengthening Capacity for Agricultural Research and Development in Africa Sustainable intensification of maize-legume cropping systems for food security in eastern and southern Africa Sustainable Land Management Sweetpotato chlorotic fleck virus Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus Sweetpotato mild mottle virus Small seed plot technique Simple Sequence Repeat Sokoine University of Agriculture Training and certification Tanzania Milk Processors Association Tanzania Drug Authority Tanzania Dairy Board Tropical Livestock Units Tick and Tick-Borne diseases Variety Verification Trial

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