LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Well . . . . Is This Logistics ? Actually . . . . .

This Is Logistics Logistics Management LOGISTICS IS THE PROCESS OF PLANNING IMPLEMENTING AND CONTROLLING THE EFFECTIVE AND E FFICIENT FLOW AND STORAGE OF GOODS, SERVICES AND RELATED INFORMATION FROM THE PO INT OF ORIGIN TO THE POINT OF CONSUMPTION FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONFORMING TO CUSTO MER REQUIREMENTS. ( COUNCIL OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT/USA) ITS ORIGINS BELONG TO MILITARY OPERATIONS RELATING TO THE COMPLETE SYSTEM OF MOV ING, SUPPLYING AND QUATERING TROOPS AND ALL THE RESOURCES THEY NEED. IN TODAY S HIGHLY COMPETITIVE INDUSTRIAL SCENARIO OF GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, LOGIS TICS HAS TRULY BECOME A STRATEGIC WEAPON AND MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN

Contd Getting the right product to the right place in the right quantity at the right t ime, in the best condition and at an acceptable cost. (The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport) Logistics involves 8 Rs - Logistics involves getting, in the right way, the right p roduct, in the right quantity and right quality, in the right place at the right time, for the right customer at the right cost. Global : Logistics Industry Scenario The logistics industry is valued at US$ 3.5 trillion. The U.S., which contributes to over 25% of the global industry value, spends clo se to 9% of its GDP on logistic services. The sector currently employs over 40 million people in the world India : Logistics Industry Scenario Total GDP US$ 3 Trillion. India spends 13% of its GDP on logistics compared to an average of 10% in other developing countries. India logistics market to double by 2012. The industry would need 4,20,000 skilled people in the Senior Resource Category in warehouse management it self, by 2015. Currently, India logistics industry has only 14,000 Warehouse Managers but req uired are approx. 35,000 . Technological change in the logistics industry demands a trained workforce in al l areas of the sector. Indian logistics industry is at an inflection point and will reach a market size of over $125 billion in year 2010. The organized logistics, which is about 6% of the total logistics market, is gro wing @ 15-20% a year. Logistics Mix Logistics covers the following functional areas, and are termed as Logistics Mix by Martin Cristopher. Information flow- Order registration, order checking & editing, order processing , coordination Warehousing- Material storage, material handling, site selection & network plann ing, despatch documentation Packaging- Handling & damage prevention Transportation- Route planning, mode selection & vehicle scheduling

Logistics Functions The major logistics functions are: Order processing Inventory management Warehousing Transportation Material handling & storage system Logistical Packaging Information Objectives of Logistics Management The objective of Logistics management are: Inventory reduction Reliable and consistent delivery performance Freight economy Minimum product damages Quick response What is Supply chain?

Consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a custom er request, include not only manufacturers & suppliers, but also transporters, w arehouses, retailers & even customers. Is supply chain so simple? Definition Of Supply Chain American Production & Inventory Control Society(APICS) defines Supply Chain as: The processes from the initial raw materials to the ultimate consumption of the f inished product linking across supplier-user companies The functions within and outside a company that enable the value chain to make pr oducts & provide services to the customer SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(SCM) Supply chain management involves planning, design,& control of flow of material, information and finance along the supply chain to deliver superior value to the end customer in an effective & efficient manner Evolution of Supply Chain Management Statement made by the chief executive of an automobile industry: Our aim is always to arrange the material & machinery and to simplify the operati ons so that practically no orders are necessary. Our Finished inventory is in t ransit. So is most of our raw material inventory. Our production cycle is about eighty-one hours from the mine to the finished machine(automobile) in the freigh t car. Contd . The First Revolution(1910-1920): The Ford Supply Chain The Second Revolution(1960-1970): The Toyota Supply Chain The Third Revolution(1995-2000): The Dell Supply Chain Objective of Supply Chain Objective of every supply chain should be to maximize the overall value generate d. The value a supply chain generates is the difference between what the final p roduct is worth to the customer and the costs the supply chain incurs in filling the customer s request Reduced inventory, reduced lead times, reduced warehouse costs, helps in forecas t accuracy. Contd ..

Objective is to be able to have the right products in the right quantities (at t he right place) at the right moment at minimal cost. Major Drivers of Supply Chain The major supply chain drivers are: Production Inventory Location Transportation Information Importance of the Supply Chain Major trends that have emerged to make supply chain management a critical succes s factor in most industries: Proliferation in product line Shorter product life cycles Higher level of outsourcing Shift in power structure in the chain Globalization of manufacturing Decision Phases in a Supply Chain Successful supply chain management requires many decisions relating to the flow of information, product & funds. The decision falls in three categories: Supply chain strategy or design: Supply chain planning Supply chain operation Process views of a Supply Chain There are two ways: 1.Cycle view: Customer order cycle, replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle, p rocurement cycle 2. Push/pull view: Pull are initiated by customer order & push by anticipation o f customer orders Process View Push vs Pull process Push process ,execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders whereas pull is initiated in response to a customer order Pull process customer demand is known with certainty whereas in push, demand is not known and must be forecast Pull process is referred to as reactive & push as speculative process. Logistics Versus Supply Chain Management Four unique perspectives on the relationship between logistics and SCM. Four perspectives: traditionalist , relabeling ,unionist , inter-sectionist The result of an international survey of logistics / SCM experts are reported. For logistics educators, researchers and practitioners SCM versus Logistics: Four Perspective Traditionalist ling Re-Labe

Unionist nist TRADITIONALIST

Intersectio

Traditionalist position SCM within logistics SCM is one small part of logistics. SCM as Logistics outside the firm & this reduces SCM to a special type of Logistic s, external or inter-organisational logistics Re-labeling

The relabeling perspective simply renames logistics; what was logistics is now S CM. Logistics Manager = Supply Chain Manager Supply Chain = Logistics Network Re-labeling narrows the scope of SCM, since SCM equals logistics Unionist

This perspective treats logistics as a part of SCM; SCM completely subsumes logi stics. SCM= purchasing+ logistics+ operations+ marketing+ .. Mentzer et al. (2001) all the traditional business functions should be included 1. Marketing & Sales 2. Research & development 3. Forecasting 4. Production 5. Purchasing 6. Logistics 7. Information systems 8. Finance 9. Customer service According to Council of Logistics management SCM encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcin g and procurement, conversion, and all Logistics Management activities. Importantly, is also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partner s, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third party service providers, and cu stomers. Intersectionist

The intersection concept suggests SCM is not the union of logistics, marketing, operations management purchasing and other functional areas.

Method of survey Researchers created lists of topic/technique items. Combining these lists yielded over 120 items. This list was trimmed to 88 survey items,. Rated from 0 (no importance) to 5 (very high importance) for both Logistics & SC M The 88 Survey Items: Strategic management, Supplier development, Supply chain ma nagement (SCM),Information technology.. Total sample = 208(logistics educators) were sent via fax All members of the CLM(Council of Logistics Management). Total of 98 usable surveys was received, response rate R = 98/208 = 4.47% Survey recipients were from North America, Europe, South America and Asia Results 34 survey items, significantly more important for SCM compared to logistics. (SC M>Logistics) 16 items, significantly more important for logistics compared to SCM. (Logistic s>SCM) 38 survey items, there were no significant differences in importance between lo gistics and SCM. the top 10 lists, share seven common items: Customer service, Logistics manageme nt, Inventory management, Information technology Cycle time reduction, e-commerc e, Supply chain management Conclusion Logistics typically refers to activities that occur within the boundaries of a s ingle organization and supply chain refers to networks of companies that work to gether and coordinate their actions to deliver a product to market. Logistics focuses its attention on activities such as procurement, distribution, maintenance & inventory management. Supply chain management acknowledges all of traditional logistics and also includes activities such as marketing, new produ ct development, finance and customer services. Supply chain management views supply chain and the organizations in it as a sing le entity. It brings a system approach to understanding and managing different a ctivities needed to coordinate the flow of products and services to best serve t he ultimate customer.