Railway Traction Systems 2010

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Dr Roger D White ATKINS RAIL

Introduction
Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Technical: sources of interaction Conductive coupling; co -located Inductive coupling; parallel location of systems High Frequency Switching; RFI; Electrostatic Coupling; Earthed systems Railway Construction/contracts Procurement methodology Civil lead projects Systems integration Railway Operation Private Public Partnership

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

1.

Return Systems AC and DC Railways

DC Railways rails insulated, Rail: low resistance to d.c. current [ 20 m ohms/km] Traction loads 4kA 8kA Short Circuit 100 -200kA Station earth metallic structures not connected to rail Requirements for control of stray current

AC Railways rails earthed, Rail high impedance to a.c. current [0.7 ohms/km] Traction Loads 300A -600A 50Hz Short Circuit 12k-6kA 50Hz Metallic structures bonded to rail High 50Hz touch potentials Induction effects due to 50Hz

Earthing Requirements
Electricity Work Act (UK) Safety for Humans EN 50122-1 Electricity Work Act (UK) Protection of the Infrastructure Wiring regs Project Definition ROGS RAMS Functional Operation

Project Requirements & Overall System Operation for Earthing and Equipotential Bonding

Earthing and Bonding Management Plan

EMC Management Plan

EMC Directive

Design earthing and Bonding of the Power Supply System

Design low voltage systems Signalling, telecoms, LV systems immunity earth ports

Railway Earthing Requirements

The earthing system should maintain its integrity allowance for corrosion & mechanical constraints. Earthing system should avoid damage due to excessive potential rise potential differences excessive currents. The earthing system should maintain step, touch potentials transferred potentials normal operating time of protection relays and breaker The earthing system ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) accordance with BS IEC 61000-5-2.

Earth Integration

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Typical Earthing and Return Conductor Arrangements of 25kV a.c. and 1500V d.c. Railways

25kV a.c. Railway

Steel Section of Interface Station

1500V d.c. Railway

Return Conductor

Earth Wire Paralle l Feeds Earth Wire

Return Conductor

Parallel Feeds

RC Tie Down Impedance of the train short circuit on roof Maximum 0.05 RC Tie down Converter Double Insulated Rail Clips Impedance of the train short circuit on roof Maximum 0.05 Substation Rectifier Substation Earth Busbar

Traction Transforme r

Mast Foundation Typically 10 Resistivit y of soil 10m

Rail leakage typically 8.km

Rail Leakage 8-1000.km Stray Current Mat

Substation Earth Diode

Design Issues to be addressed at the AC/DC Interface

Earthing and Bonding earth Corrosion of AC and DC Railway and Non Railway Assets Unintended Traction Return Currents
DC currents in a.c. system and earth paths & Visa Versa

Touch and Accessible Potentials Degraded Modes AC or DC Railway Electromagnetic Compatibility between AC

Metronet Network Rail Interfaces

Chesham Chalfont & Latimer Amersham Chorleywood Rickmansworth Moor Park West Ruislip Hillingdon Uxbridge Ickenham Ruislip Northwood Northwood Hills Ruislip Manor Eastcote Ruislip Gardens Rayners Lane South Ruislip South Harrow Northolt Greenford West Harrow South Kenton North Wembley Wembley Central Stonebridge Park Harlesden Willesden Junction Kensal Green Queens Park Kilburn Park Sudbury Town Maida Vale Warwick Avenue Hanger Lane Alperton Royal Oak Westbourne Park Paddington Paddington Edgware Road Warren Street Bayswater Wembley Park Pinner North Harrow Kingsbury Harrow-on- Northwick the-Hill Park Preston Road Neasden Dollis Hill Willesden Green Kilburn West Hampstead Finchley Road Swiss Cottage Edgware Road Marylebone St. Johns Wood Baker Street Great Portland Street Kenton Canons Park Harrow & Wealdstone Croxley Mill Hill East Watford High Barnet Totteridge & Whetstone Woodside Park West Finchley Stanmore Finchley Central Edgware East Finchley Burnt Oak Collindale Queensbury Hendon Central Brent Cross Golders Green Hampstead Belsize Park Chalk Farm Camden Town Highbury & Islington Caledonian Road Leyton Stratford Kentish Town Holloway Road Leytonstone Wanstead Gants Hill Highgate Archway Tufnell Park Arsenal Turnpike Lane Manor House Wood Green Cockfosters Oakwood Debden Southgate Arnos Grove Bounds Green Nothumberlad Park Depot Tottenham Hale Seven Sisters Finsbury Park Snaresbrook Redbridge Blackhorse Road Loughton Buckhurst Hill Roding Valley Epping Theydon Bois

Chigwell Grange Hill Hainault

Walthamstow Central

Woodford South Woodford

Failop Barkingside Newbury Park Upminster Upminster Bridge Hornchurch Elm Park Dagenham East Dagenham Heathway Becontree Upney

Sudbury Hill

Perivale

Mornington Crescent Euston

Kings Cross St. Pancras

Angel

Barking East Ham Old Street Liverpool Street Bethnal Green Shoreditch Bow Road Stepney Green Whitechapel Bromleyby-Bow West Ham Mile End Pudding Mill Lane Upton Park Plaistow

Euston Square

Farringdon Barbican

Ladbroke Grove Park Royal North Ealing Ealing Broadway West Acton East Acton Shepherds Bush Shepherds Bush North Acton Latimer Road White City Holland Park

Regents Park Marble Arch Bond Street Oxford Circus Tottenham Court Road

Goodge Street Holborn

Russell Square

Moorgate

Queensway Notting Hill Gate Lancaster Gate

Chancery Lane

St. Pauls Bank Aldgate

Aldgate East All Saints

Devons Road

Covent Garden Ealing Common Kensington (Olympia) High Street Kensington Hyde Park Corner Knightsbridge South Ealing Northfields Boston Manor Osterley Hounslow East Gunnersbury Hounslow Central Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 Hounslow West Hatton Cross Kew Gardens Putney Bridge River Thames Richmond Goldhawk Road East Putney Vauxhall Southfields Kennington Wimbledon Park Stockwell Wimbledon Clapham North Clapham Common Clapham South Balham Tooting Bec Tooting Broadway Colliers Wood South Wimbledon Morden Brixton Lewisham Oval Elephant & Castle Deptford Bridge Parsons Green Pimlico Lambeth North Waterloo Fulham Broadway Southwark
Waterloo East

Green Park Piccadilly Circus

Canon Street Leicester Square Mansion House Charing Cross Blackfriars London Bridge Temple Bermondsey Embankment
Charing Cross (100m)

Canning Town Limehouse Monument Tower Hill Shadwell Wapping West India Quay Canary Wharf Canada Water Heron Quays South Quay Crossharbour & London Arena Mudchute Surrey Quays Island Gardens North Greenwich
For the Dome

Westferry West Silvertown

Fenchurch Street (150m)

River Thames Rotherhithe

Royal Victoria Custom House Prince Regent Royal Albert Beckton Park Cyprus Pontoon Dock London City Airport King George V Gallions Reach Beckton

Acton Town

Hammersmith

Barons Court West Kensington

Gloucester Road

Sloane Square Victoria

St Jamess Park Westminster

Chiswick Park

Turnham Stamford Ravenscourt Green Brook Park

Earls Court West Brompton

South Kensington

Borough New Cross Gate New Cross

Cutty Sark
For Maritime Greenwich

25 kV Interface Station 650V DC Interface Station 25 kV Parallel Running

Heathrow Terminal 4

Greenwich

Elverson Road

650V Fourth Rail operation NR owned Power supply 650V NR Overrunning Silverlink NR owned Power supply Fourth Rail bonded to running rails 650V NR Overrunning LU owned infrastructure Power Supply NR Fourth rail bonded to rails 650V NR Overrunning Silverlink NR owned Power supply Fourth rail bonded to running rails 25 kV Interface Under or Over bridges Depot Area Parallel to 25kV

BCV Alliance Bakerloo

SSL Alliance Circle District Metropolitan Hammersmith & City

Other Lines East London Line Northern Jubilee Docklands (DLR)

Symbols
Interchange Station Connections with National Rail Connections with National Rail Within walking distance

Metronet London Underground and Network Rail Interfaces R D White Atkins Date 15/11/2006

Central Victoria Waterloo & City

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Entry Point for Lightning and Surges

Entry Points to Power System
Electrical Supply Points Overhead Lines

Entry to LV Systems, Signalling

LV earths: earth mat, screens etc Rail and track connections Control and Indications cables; Ground Coupling; Induction into Power/Signalling/Communication circuits Station structures.

LIGHTNING STRIKING RAILWAY OVERHEAD LINES

LIGHTNING STRIKING POWER LINES

TRAIN EXITING TUNNEL

GROUND POTENTIAL GRADIENT 1000's Volts

Other Entry Points

Radio Masts

Mitigation for Lightning Electrification System

Lightning Conduction Paths

Provide low impedance path to earth;

Install Surge arrestors

Power distribution Victim Suppression: LV circuits

Discourage conduction through

Clean earth, LV earth paths

Mesh Earth v Clean Earth

Railway Earths Longitudinal Earths

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Civil to Traction Return Interface

Street Running Track Bed Design

protection limit for rails EN 50122-2 2.5mA/m limit over 25yrs Protection limit for civil structures EN 50122-2 The average value for potential shift in the hour of highest traffic does not exceed +200mV for steel buried in concrete

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Disturbances to Track Based Systems

Electronic/Electrical/Control Systems within the <1m Zone [Severe] Track Circuits and detection equipment Electronic/Electrical/Control Systems within the 1-3m Zone [V High] Telecommunication systems, rolling stock converter and auxiliary systems
Substation

3m Buffer Zone

Commercial/Light Industrial

Electronic/Electrical/Control Systems outside 3-30m Zone [Industrial] Telecommunication systems; Station, control centre, location cases, equipment rooms; etc Third Parties >30m Beyond the railway boundary, private houses, commercial premises, industrial premises, motorways, other railways, stations concourse etc

10m Railway Boundary

10m Buffer Zone Boundary

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Responsibility of the Railway Authority Management of Interfaces

The railway authority should specify requirement for Management plans; Quality assurance process; Requirements for Electrical installation Codes of Practice; Testing and Commissioning The railway authority should ensure compliance with: National Legislation Railway standards [these may need writing]; Relevant national electrical and safety standards Third party interfaces and requirements.

Network Rail EMC Assurance Process

Engineering Enhancement/Renewals

EMC Project activities Standard Design (according to reference Novel Design installation) GRIP2 EMC Strategy GRIP3 EMC set of project specific requirements Final installation design for EMC Safety Case development

Project Record

Requirements Phase
PM remit: specific (Product Acceptance) encompassing best practice (recognised design installation rules)

Project Risk Log

GRIP4

Design Phase

GRIP5

EMC Test Plan/Testing

EMC Verification Scope Implementation/ Acceptance Phase

EMC Project File

H&S File

Responsibility of the Railway Authority Identify Risks to the Project

Technical Risk ( Project)

Railway systems mal-operate

Disruption and cost (Construction)

Electrical systems are a small portion compared to civil infrastructure; Delay early operational service;

Operational Risk ( Operator)

Railway opening delayed Project milestones not met

Commercial Risk: ( Operator)

Whole project programme at risk. Contractual disputes

Responsibility of the Railway Authority Interface Specification

Outline Design (Grip1-3) Railway Authority Responsibility

Identify interfaces within the project

Preliminary Design (Grip 4) Contractors

Contractors will often quote to do the minimum; Identify Hazards;

Detailed Design ( Grip 5) Contractors

System wide responsible for resolution of interfaces: Interfaces specifications between contractors Close out Hazards;

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control ( DC Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Management Plans etc

Management Plans
Safety Management Systems Traction System Integration Management Plan Earthing Management Plan EMC Management Plan DC Stray Current Management Plan Testing

Installation CoP Integration and Commissioning Testing Plans Technical Assurance Files

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability

Interfaces between Electrical Systems

Earthing of AC and DC Railways AC/DC Railway Interfaces Lightning Protection Stray Current Corrosion Control Railways) Compatibility of Electrical Systems

DC

The Railway Authorities Responsibilities Design Management Responsibilities Concluding Remarks

Conclusion

Railways are be-spoke designs Manage Design (Beware of unconscious incompetence)

Interface, Hazard

Manage Installation (Beware of untried methodology)

CoP, V&V Process

Manage Test and Commissioning

V&V Process

Operation and Maintenance Procedures

Railway Traction Systems 2010

Interfacing Electrification and System Reliability
Dr Roger D White ATKINS RAIL