3GPPLongTermEvolution-Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

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3GPP Long Term Evolution

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

3GPP Long Term Evolution,usuallyreferredtoasLTE,isastandardforwirelesscommunicationof high-speeddataformobilephonesanddataterminals.ItisbasedontheGSM/EDGEandUMTS/HSPA networktechnologies,increasingthecapacityandspeedusingnewmodulationtechniques.[1][2]The standardisdevelopedbythe3GPP(3rdGenerationPartnershipProject). Theworld'sfirstpubliclyavailableLTEservicewaslaunchedbyTeliaSoneraintheScandinavian capitalsStockholmandOsloon14December2009.LTEisthenaturalupgradepathforcarrierswith GSM/UMTSnetworks,butevenCDMAholdoutssuchasVerizoninNorthAmericaandaubyKDDIin JapanhaveannouncedthattheywillmigratetoLTEinthefuture.LTEisthereforeanticipatedto becomethefirsttrulyglobalmobilephonestandard. Althoughcommonlyreferredtoasatypeof4Gwirelessservice,LTErelease8currentlyinusedoesnot satisfytherequirementssetforthbytheITU-Rorganization.FuturereleasesofLTE(referredtoasLTE Advanced)areexpectedtosatisfytherequirementstobeconsidered4G.

Contents
1Overview 2Features 3Voicecalls 4Frequencybands 5Presence 6Seealso 7References 8Furtherreading 9Externallinks 9.1Industryreaction 9.2Whitepapersandotherinformation

Overview
See also: LTE timeline LTEisastandardforwirelessdatacommunicationstechnologyandanevolutionoftheGSM/UMTS standards.ThegoalofLTEistoincreasethecapacityandspeedofwirelessdatanetworksusingnew DSP(DigitalSignalProcessing)techniquesandmodulationsthatweredevelopedinthebeginningofthe newmillennium.Itswirelessinterfaceisincompatiblewith2Gand3Gnetworks,andsoitmustbe operatedonaseparatewirelessspectrum. LTEwasfirstproposedbyNTTDoCoMoofJapanin2004.ThestandardwasfinalizedinDecember 2008,andthefirstpubliclyavailableLTEservicewaslaunchedbyTeliaSoneraintheScandinavian capitalsStockholmandOsloonDecember14,2009asadataconnectionwithaUSBmodem.In2011, LTEserviceswerelaunchedbymajorNorthAmericancarriersaswell,withtheSamsungGalaxy

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IndulgeofferedbyMetroPCSstartingonFebruary10,2011 beingthefirstcommerciallyavailableLTEphone[3][4]andHTC ThunderBoltofferedbyVerizonstartingonMarch17beingthe secondLTEphonetobesoldcommercially[5][6].Initially,CDMA operatorsplannedtoupgradetoarivalstandardcalledtheUMB, butallthemajorCDMAoperators(suchasVerizon,Sprintand MetroPCSintheUnitedStates,BellandTelusinCanada,auby KDDIinJapan,SKTelecominSouthKoreaandChina Telecom/ChinaUnicominChina)haveannouncedthatthey intendtomigratetoLTEafterall.TheevolutionofLTEisLTE Advanced,whichwasstandardizedinMarch2011.[7]Services areexpectedtocommencein2013.[8] TheLTEspecificationprovidesdown-linkpeakratesof 300Mbit/s,uplinkpeakratesof75Mbit/sandQoSprovisions permittinground-triptimesoflessthan10ms.LTEhasthe abilitytomanagefast-movingmobiles,andsupportformulticastandbroadcaststreams.LTEsupportsscalablecarrier bandwidths,from1.4MHzto20MHzandsupportsboth frequencydivisionduplexing(FDD)andtime-divisionduplexing (TDD).ThearchitectureofthenetworkissimplifiedtoaflatIPbasednetworkarchitecturecalledtheEvolvedPacketCore (EPC),designedtoreplacetheGPRSCoreNetworkandsupport seamlesshandoversforbothvoiceanddatatocelltowerswith oldernetworktechnologysuchasGSM,UMTSand CDMA2000.[9]Thesimplerarchitectureresultsinlower operatingcosts(forexample,eachE-UTRANcellwillsupport uptofourtimesthedataandvoicecapacitywhencomparedto HSPA[10]).

Telia-brandedSamsungLTEmodem

Features

See also: E-UTRA Muchofthestandardaddressesupgrading3GUMTStowhat willeventuallybe4Gmobilecommunicationstechnology.A largeamountoftheworkisaimedatsimplifyingthearchitecture ofthesystem,asittransitsfromtheexistingUMTScircuit+ packetswitchingcombinednetwork,toanall-IPflatarchitecture system.E-UTRAistheairinterfaceofLTE.Itsmainfeatures are:

Peakdownloadratesupto299.6Mbit/sandupload ratesupto75.4Mbit/sdependingontheuser equipmentcategory(with4x4antennasusing20MHz ofspectrum).Fivedifferentterminalclasseshavebeendefinedfromavoicecentricclassup toahighendterminalthatsupportsthepeakdatarates.Allterminalswillbeabletoprocess 20MHzbandwidth.

HTCThunderBolt,thesecond commerciallyavailableLTEmobile phone

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Lowdatatransferlatencies(sub-5mslatencyforsmallIPpacketsinoptimalconditions), lowerlatenciesforhandoverandconnectionsetuptimethanwithpreviousradioaccess technologies. Improvedsupportformobility,exemplifiedbysupportforterminalsmovingatupto350 km/hor500km/hdependingonthefrequencyband.[11] OFDMAforthedownlink,SC-FDMAfortheuplinktoconservepower SupportforbothFDDandTDDcommunicationsystemsaswellashalf-duplexFDDwiththe sameradioaccesstechnology SupportforallfrequencybandscurrentlyusedbyIMTsystemsbyITU-R. Increasedspectrumflexibility:1.4MHz,3MHz,5MHz,10MHz,15MHzand20MHzwide cellsarestandardized.(W-CDMArequires5MHzslices,leadingtosomeproblemswithrolloutsofthetechnologyincountrieswhere5MHzisacommonlyallocatedamountof spectrum,andisfrequentlyalreadyinusewithlegacystandardssuchas2GGSMand cdmaOne.) Supportforcellsizesfromtensofmetresradius(femtoandpicocells)upto100kmradius macrocells.Inthelowerfrequencybandstobeusedinruralareas,5kmistheoptimalcell size,30kmhavingreasonableperformance,andupto100kmcellsizessupportedwith acceptableperformance.Incityandurbanareas,higherfrequencybands(suchas2.6GHzin EU)areusedtosupporthighspeedmobilebroadband.Inthiscase,cellsizesmaybe1kmor evenless. Supportsatleast200activedataclientsinevery5MHzcell.[12] Simplifiedarchitecture:ThenetworksideofE-UTRANiscomposedonlyofeNodeBs Supportforinter-operationandco-existencewithlegacystandards(e.g.GSM/EDGE,UMTS andCDMA2000).UserscanstartacallortransferofdatainanareausinganLTEstandard, and,shouldcoveragebeunavailable,continuetheoperationwithoutanyactionontheirpart usingGSM/GPRSorW-CDMA-basedUMTSoreven3GPP2networkssuchascdmaOneor CDMA2000) Packetswitchedradiointerface. SupportforMBSFN(Multicast-BroadcastSingleFrequencyNetwork).Thisfeaturecan deliverservicessuchasMobileTVusingtheLTEinfrastructure,andisacompetitorforDVB -H-basedTVbroadcast.

Voice calls
TheLTEstandardonlysupports packetswitchingwithitsall-IP network.VoicecallsinGSM,UMTS andCDMA2000arecircuit switched,sowiththeadoptionof LTE,carrierswillhavetoreengineertheirvoicecallnetwork. Threedifferentapproachessprang up.MostmajorbackersofLTE preferredandpromotedVoLTE LTECSFBtoGSM/UMTSnetworkinterconnects (VoiceoverLTE,animplementation ofIPMultimediaSubsystemorIMS) fromthebeginning.ThelackofsoftwaresupportininitialLTEdevicesaswellascorenetworkdevices howeverledtoanumberofcarrierspromotingVoLGA(VoiceoverLTEGenericAccess)asaninterim solution.[13]TheideawastousethesameprinciplesasGAN(GenericAccessNetwork,alsoknownas UMAorUnlicensedMobileAccess),whichdefinestheprotocolsthroughwhichamobilehandsetcan

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performvoicecallsoveracustomer'sprivateInternetconnection,usuallyoverwirelessLAN.VoLGA howevernevergainedmuchsupport,becauseVoLTE(IMS)promisesmuchmoreflexibleservices, albeitatthecostofhavingtoupgradetheentirevoicecallinfrastructure.Whiletheindustryhas seeminglystandardizedonVoLTEforthefuture,thedemandforvoicecallstodayhasledLTEcarriers tointroduceCSFB(CircuitSwitchedFallback)asastopgapmeasure.Whenplacingorreceivingavoice call,LTEhandsetswillfallbacktoold2Gor3Gnetworksforthedurationofthecall.

Frequency bands
See also: E-UTRA#Frequency bands and channel bandwidths TheLTEstandardcanbeusedwithmanydifferentfrequencybands.InNorthAmerica,700and 1700MHzareplannedtobeused;800,1800,2600MHzinEurope;1800and2600MHzinAsia;and 1800MHzinAustralia.[14][15][16][17]Asaresult,phonesfromonecountrymaynotworkinother countries.Userswillneedamulti-bandcapablephoneforroaminginternationally.

Presence
Main article: List of LTE networks CountrieswithcommercialLTEservice(asof January2012):[18] Armenia Austria Australia Bahrain Belarus Brazil Bulgaria Canada Denmark Estonia Finland Germany HongKong Hungary Japan Korea,South Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Philippines Norway Poland PuertoRico Russia(tolaunchonJanuary15,2012)[19] SaudiArabia Singapore

AdoptionofLTEtechnologyasofJanuary5,2012. CountrieswithcommercialLTEservice CountrieswithcommercialLTEnetwork deploymenton-goingorplanned CountrieswithLTEtrialsystems(precommitment)

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Spain[20] Sweden UnitedArabEmirates Uruguay[21] UnitedStates Uzbekistan

See also
Comparisonofwirelessdatastandards E-UTRA-theradioaccessnetworkusedinLTE FlatIPflatIParchitecturesinmobilenetworks LTEAdvanced-thesuccessortoLTE LSTI-LTESAETrialInitiative Systemarchitectureevolution-there-architecturingofcorenetworksinLTE TD-LTE(LTETDD)-analternativeLTEstandarddevelopedbyChina UMB-aproposedrivaltoLTE,nevercommercialized WiMAX-acompetitortoLTE ZadoffChusequence NextGenerationNetworking

References
1. ^"AnIntroductiontoLTE"(http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/home).3GPPLTEEncyclopedia. http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/home.RetrievedDecember3,2010. 2. ^"LongTermEvolution(LTE):ATechnical Overview"(http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service% 20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf).Motorola. http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service% 20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf.Retrieved July3,2010. 3. ^http://androidandme.com/2011/02/carriers/metropcs-debuts-first-4g-lte-android-phone-samsung-galaxyindulge/ 4. ^http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/020911-metropcs-lte-android-phone.html 5. ^http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2011/03/16/verizon-launches-its-first-ltehandset/ 6. ^http://www.phonearena.com/news/HTC-ThunderBolt-is-officially-Verizons-first-LTE-handset-comeMarch-17th_id17455 7. ^LTE An End-to-End Description of Network Architecture and Elements (http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/lte-network-infrastructure-and-elements).3GPPLTE Encyclopedia.2009.http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/lte-network-infrastructure-and-elements. 8. ^http://www.engadget.com/2011/11/08/atandt-commits-to-lte-advanced-deployment-in-2013-hesse-andmead/ 9. ^LTE an introduction(http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/lte_overview.pdf).Ericsson.2009. http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/lte_overview.pdf. 10. ^"LongTermEvolution(LTE)"(http://www.motorola.com/web/Business/Solutions/Industry% 20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static% 20Files/6833_MotDoc_New.pdf).Motorola.http://www.motorola.com/web/Business/Solutions/Industry% 20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static% 20Files/6833_MotDoc_New.pdf.RetrievedApril11,2011. 11. ^Sesia,Toufik,Baker:LTE The UMTS Long Term Evolution; From Theory to Practice,page11.Wiley, 2009.

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12. ^"EvolutionofLTE"(http://lteworld.org/blog/lte-advanced-evolution-lte).LTEWorld. http://lteworld.org/blog/lte-advanced-evolution-lte.RetrievedOctober24,2011. 13. ^http://www.cm-networks.de/volga-a-whitepaper.pdf 14. ^1800MHzTheLTEspectrumbandthatwasalmostforgotten(http://4gtrends.com/?p=4307) 15. ^CSLbeginsdual-band1800/2600LTErollout(http://www.telecomasia.net/content/csl-begins-dual-band18002600-lte-rollout) 16. ^TelstraswitchesonfirstLTEnetworkon1800MHzinAustralia (http://www.ericsson.com/news/110530_telstra_switches_on_first_lte_network_244188810_c) 17. ^OptusstillevaluatingLTE(http://m.zdnet.com.au/optus-still-evaluating-lte-339313233.htm) 18. ^http://www.gsacom.com/news/gsa_344.php4 19. ^http://eng.cnews.ru/news/top/indexEn.shtml?2011/12/20/469590 20. ^http://comunidad.movistar.es/t5/Blog-Smartphones/Telefnica-comienza-a-prestar-servicios-LTE-a-susgrandes/ba-p/258411 21. ^"AntelprimeraenlanzartecnologaLTEen Latinoamrica"(http://www.antel.com.uy/antel/institucional/sala-de-prensa/eventos/2011/internet-vera-antelprimera-en-lanzar-tecnologia-lte-en-latinoamerica).http://www.antel.com.uy/antel/institucional/sala-deprensa/eventos/2011/internet-vera-antel-primera-en-lanzar-tecnologia-lte-en-latinoamerica.Retrieved December12,2011.

Further reading
StefaniaSesia,IssamToufik,andMatthewBaker,"LTETheUMTSLongTermEvolution FromTheorytoPractice",SecondEditionincludingRelease10forLTE-Advanced,John Wiley&Sons,2011,ISBN978-0-470-66025-6 ChrisJohnson,"LTEinBULLETS(http://www.lte-bullets.com)",CreateSpace,2010,ISBN 978-1-4528-3464-1 ErikDahlman,StefanParkvall,JohanSkld,PerBeming,"3GEvolutionHSPAandLTE forMobileBroadband",2ndedition,AcademicPress,2008,ISBN978-0-12-374538-5 BorkoFurht,SyedA.Ahson,"LongTermEvolution:3GPPLTERadioAndCellular Technology",CrcPress,2009,ISBN978-1-4200-7210-5 F.Khan,"LTEfor4GMobileBroadbandAirInterfaceTechnologiesandPerformance", CambridgeUniversityPress,2009 MustafaErgen,"MobileBroadbandIncludingWiMAXandLTE",Springer,NY,2009 H.Ekstrm,A.Furuskr,J.Karlsson,M.Meyer,S.Parkvall,J.Torsner,andM.Wahlqvist, "TechnicalSolutionsforthe3GLong-TermEvolution,"IEEE Commun. Mag.,vol.44,no.3, March2006,pp.3845 E.Dahlman,H.Ekstrm,A.Furuskr,Y.Jading,J.Karlsson,M.Lundevall,andS.Parkvall, "The3GLong-TermEvolutionRadioInterfaceConceptsandPerformanceEvaluation," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2006 Spring,Melbourne,Australia,May2006 K.FazelandS.Kaiser,Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MCCDMA to LTE and WiMAX,2ndEdition,JohnWiley&Sons,2008,ISBN978-0-470-99821-2 AgilentTechnologies,"LTEandtheEvolutionto4GWireless:DesignandMeasurement Challenges(http://www.agilent.com/find/ltebook)",JohnWiley&Sons,2009ISBN978-0470-68261-6 SajalKumarDas,JohnWiley&Sons(April2010):"MobileHandsetDesign",ISBN978-0470-82467-2. Beaver,Paul,"WhatisTD-LTE?(http://www.eetimes.com/design/microwave-rfdesign/4228238/What-is-TD-LTE-?Ecosystem=microwave-rf-design)",RF&Microwave Designline,September2011.

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External links
LTEhomepage(http://www.3gpp.org/article/lte)fromthe3GPPwebsite LTEA-ZDescription(http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/home)3GPPLTE Encyclopedia LTEEquipmentManufacturers(http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/lte-equipmentmanufacturers)Listof3GPPLTEequipmentmanufacturersandcommercialcontracts LTEconference2011(http://www.lteforum2011.com)International4G/LTEconference LTEtutorial(http://www.fullchipdesign.com/tyh/lte_long_term_evolution_tutorial.htm)

Industry reaction
"MobileBroadband:TheGlobalEvolutionofUMTS/HSPA3GPPRelease7andBeyond" by3GAmericas (http://www.3gamericas.org/English/pdfs/wp_UMTS_Rel7_Beyond_FINAL.pdf) Verizon4GLTESpeedTest(http://www.smartkeitai.com/verizon-4g-lte-speed-test-motoroladroid-bionic-video/) ExperienceLTEbyMotorola(http://business.motorola.com/experiencelte/lteexperience.html) VerizonWirelessGlobalLTEDeploymentPlans (http://news.vzw.com/LTE/Dick_Lynch_MWC_Final.pdf)

White papers and other information

EDGE,HSPA,LTE:BroadbandInnovation (http://www.rysavy.com/Articles/2007_09_Rysavy_3GAmericas.pdf)(PDF) VoiceandSMSinLTE,WhitePaper(http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/1MA197.pdf) BalancingcostvscapacityforLTE(http://www.mentum.com/blog/) "LTEperformanceforinitialdeployments"byNokiaSiemensNetworks (http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/NR/rdonlyres/4B75329B-3750-4BBB-83207113613AAB64/0/LTE_measurement_A4_1302.pdf) LTEComparisonwithGSMandUMTS(http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/lte-radio -link-budgeting-and-rf-planning/lte-link-budget-comparison/) IntroductiontoLTEEricssonWhitePaper (http://www.ericsson.com/news/090601_lte_introduction_20100510174714_c) "TheLongTermEvolutionof3G"onEricssonReview,no.2,2005 (http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/corpinfo/publications/review/2005_02/07.shtml) The3GLong-TermEvolutionRadioInterfaceConceptsandPerformanceEvaluation (http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/atsp/the_3g_longterm_evolution_radi_interface.pdf) "3GLong-TermEvolution"byDr.ErikDahlmanatEricssonResearch (http://www.signal.uu.se/Research/PCCWIP/Tunisia/WIP05_EAB.pdf) "Long-Term3GEvolutionRadioAccess"byDr.StefanParkvallatEricssonResearch (http://www.calit2.net/events/pdfs/S3G_Stefan_Parkvall.pdf) "3GPPLong-TermEvolution/SystemArchitectureEvolution:Overview"byUlrichBarthat Alcatel(http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/itg/fg524/Meetings/2006-09-29-Ulm/013GPP_LTE-SAE_Overview_Sep06.pdf) "3GPPLTE&3GPP2LTEStandardization"byDr.Lee,HyeonWooatSamsungElectronics (http://www.krnet.or.kr/board/include/download.asp?no=30&db=program&fileno=2)

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"TrendsinMobileNetworkArchitectures"byDr.MichaelSchoppatSiemensNetworks (http://www.comnets.uni-bremen.de/typo3site/uploads/media/ITG-FA52-Schopp-BremenNov-2006.pdf) "Overviewofthe3GPPLTEPhysicalLayer"byJamesZyrenandDr.WesMcCoy,Freescale Semiconductor (http://www.freescale.com/files/wireless_comm/doc/white_paper/3GPPEVOLUTIONWP.pdf) GrowingmomentumbringsLTEclosertobecomingacommercial reality(http://www.ericsson.com/broadband/facts_opinions/index_industry_news.shtml) 3GPPLTEseriesofpageslookingatdifferentaspectsof3GLTE(http://www.radioelectronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/3g-lte-basics.php) LTETechnologyOverviewandTutorialSeriesincludingWebinarsandVideopresentations (http://testrf.com/tag/lte-tutorial/) LTEtechnologyintroduction(http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/1MA111.pdf) Alcatel-Lucent'sonlinemagazineon4G/LTE(http://www2.alcatellucent.com/enrich/en/v3i2/) LTEEncyclopedia(http://sites.google.com/site/lteencyclopedia/) SteepestAscentLTEToolbox&LTEBlockset (http://www.steepestascent.com/content/default.asp?page=s2_10) LTEandtheEvolutionto4GWirelessDesignandMeasurementChallenges"LTE Security"(http://www.3g4g.co.uk/Lte/LTE_Security_WP_0907_Agilent.pdf) RoleofCryptoinMobileCommunications"LTE Security"(https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/ecrypt/courses/end/slides-28/9-niemi.pdf) Alcatel-LucentchaironFlexibleRadio(http://www.supelec.fr/flexible-radio-chair.html), workingontheconceptofLTEsmallcells CoexistenceDigitalTVandLTE(http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/1MA176.pdf) LTEinDopplerEffectcondition,see:www.ofdma-manfred.comand www.hit.ac.il/staff/bank_m(http://www.hit.ac.il/ac/files/bank_m/Articles/17%20Las% 20vegas%20doppler.pdf) LTEBeamformingMeasurements(http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/1MA187.pdf) 3GPPFDDandLTEMulticellandMulti-UEScenarios(http://www.rohdeschwarz.com/appnote/1GP80.pdf) Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution&oldid=470648597" Categories: 3rdGenerationPartnershipProjectstandards UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem InternetProtocol

Collaborativeprojects

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