REPUBULIKA YU RWANDA

KOMITE YIGENGA YIMPUGUKE ISHINZWE IPEREREZA KU IHANUKA RYINDEGE FALCON 50 N9XR-NN RYABAYE KUWA 06 MATA 1994

RAPORO YIPEREREZA KU IHANUKA RYINDEGE FALCON 50, NOMERO 9XR-NN, RYABAYE KUWA 06 MATA 1994

AMASHAKIRO
IRIBURIRO RUSANGE ................................................................................................................ 5
Amateka ninshingano za Komite ......................................................................................................... 5 Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu iperereza................................................................................................... 6 Uko ibintu byari byifashe mu rwego rwa Politiki mbere yihanurwa ryindege ............................ 9

IGICE CYA MBERE : UBURYO GUHANURA INDEGE BYATEGUWE NUKO BYASHYIZWE MU BIKORWA .................................................................................................. 18
Ishyirwa ahagaragara ryumugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana, mbere yihanurwa ryindege ye............................................................................................................................................ 19
Inkuru yatanzwe nabayobozi ba Hutu power ................................................................................... 19 Amakuru yari azwi mu Ngabo z u Rwanda ....................................................................................... 22 Amakuru yari azwi na Perezida Habyarimana ubwe n'abanyamahanga.............................................. 26

Itegurwa nimpamvu zinama yi Dar-es- Salaam ............................................................................. 30

Gukemura ikibazo cya politike cyari mu Rwanda ............................................................................... 30 Perezida Habyarimana yotswa igitutu mbere yinama yi Dar-es- Salaam................................................... 30 Ibibazo byu Burundi nibyo byari impamvu yingenzi yinama y i Dar-es-Salaam .................................. 31 Ibibazo byerekeye urugendo rwUmugaba Mukuru wIngabo zu Rwanda ................................................. 32 Uko inama yagenze nuburyo indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yagarutse ............................................ 38

Ibyo guhanurwa kwindege nibyakurikiyeho ................................................................................... 42

Nta perereza ryakozwe kwihanurwa ryindege .................................................................................. 44 Ibibazo byerekeye icyuma gifata amajwi kitwa agasanduka kirabura ........................................... 47 Amakuru yatanzwe indege ikimara guhanuka yavugaga ko agasanduka kirabura kayo kari mu Bufaransa ............................................................................................................................................................. 47 Ibinyoma bya Paul Barril nuko byaje kunyomozwa na Sosiyete Dassault Services Aviation yakoze indege ............................................................................................................................................................. 47 Amakuru yatanzwe nAbanyarwanda, Ababiligi nAbafaransa .......................................................... 48 Ibindi byaje kuvuguruzwa nyuma: Agasanduka kirabura kagahimbano mu Muryango wAbibumbye ..... 51 Ubuhamya bwemeza ko Abafaransa aribo batwaye agasanduka kirabura .......................................... 52 Ihanurwa ryindege uko rivugwa nabatangabuhamya babibonye. ..................................................... 56 Abaturage bari batuye hafi yaho ihanurwa ryabereye ......................................................................... 57 Abatekinisiye bikibuga cyindege ...................................................................................................... 57 Abasirikare barinda Perezida bari ku kibuga cyindege ...................................................................... 61 Abasirikare ba MINUAR bari mu kazi ku kibuga cyindege nabari mu itsinda ryAbabiligi bari bashinzwe ubutwererane nu Rwanda muri tekinike ya gisirikare ........................................................................ 64 Uko bangiye MINUAR kugera aho indege yahanukiye ...................................................................... 71 Abasirikare bAbafaransa bahawe umwihariko wo kugera aho indege yahanukiye ........................... 74

Aho Ingabo za FPR zari ziri muri CND ............................................................................................. 75 Gucungwa no kugenzurwa nIngabo za MINUAR ............................................................................ 76
Igenzura mu ibanga kandi ridahwema ryinzu yInama y Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) ryakorwaga nabajepe ............................................................................................................................................. 78 Uko FPR yari ihagaze kuri CND ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege no mu minsi yakurikiyeho .... 83

Imbonerahamwe yibibazo byingenzi birebana nihanurwa ryindege ya Falcon 50 ................... 92

Icyerekezo Indege ya Falcon 50 yaturutsemo yitegura kugwa ............................................................ 92 Aho indege Falcon 50 yaguye ............................................................................................................. 93 Ubwoko bwibisasu byakoreshejwe mu guhanura Falcon 50.............................................................. 93

UMWANZURO KU GICE CYA MBERE KU BIREBANA NIMPAMVU NUBURYO INDEGE YAHANUWEMO ................................................................................................................................. 96

IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUHARE MU IHANURWA RYINDEGE......................................... 98

Ibisobanuro nibivugwa binyuranye ku bahanuye iriya ndege ............................................................ 99 Iregwa ryAbasirikare bAbabiligi bari muri MINUAR ...................................................................... 99 Iregwa ryAbasirikare bUburundi nabari mu mitwe ya pilitiki itavuga rumwe na Leta yUburundi ....... 102 Iregwa rya Perezida Mobutu ....................................................................................................................... 102 Iregwa ryUmutwe wa FPR ........................................................................................................................ 104 Iregwa ryIntagondwa zAbahutu ............................................................................................................... 106

Ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana uruhare rwingabo zu Rwanda nabayobozi bakomeye bo mu kazu mu itegura no mu ishyira mubikorwa ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida .............................. 111
Impamvu yumugambi wo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika. Icyemezo cyo kuburizamo burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha ........................................................................................................................................... 111 Uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo igikorwa cyubwicanyi kigerweho. .......................................... 115 Ibyakozwe kugira ngo abasirikare bAbabirigi bave muri MINUAR ............................................... 115 Imyiteguro yigikorwa mu minsi yegereye ihanurwa ryindege ........................................................ 121 Abasirikare ba MINUAR babuzwa kwinjira mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mbere yihanurwa ryindege ........................................................................................................................................................... 122 Gucunga no guhindura mu buryo butunguranye itumanaho rya gisirikare........................................ 125 Iremuzwa ku ngufu ryisoko ryo ku Mulindi, hafi yi Kanombe....................................................... 128 Abajepe bakwijwe mu myanya mbere yihanurwa ryindege batangira ibikorwa ako kanya indege imaze guhanurwa ......................................................................................................................................... 130 Ibindi bikorwa byerekana ko abasirikare bu Rwanda biteguraga guhanura indege ......................... 136 Ihirika ryubutegetsi ryabaye mu ijoro ryuwa 6 Mata 1994, rihishura impamvu zatumye indege ihanurwa .................................................................................................................................................................... 139 Imyitwarire yerekana ko hari gahunda yari izwi yo kwica [Habyarimana] ................................................ 143 Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege........................................ 145 Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite misile nimizinga yo kuzirashisha .............................................................. 147 Itumiza rinyuranye rya za misile nimizinga yo kuzohereza ...................................................................... 147 Ibyavuye mu maperereza ya MINUAR nayabigenga .............................................................................. 151

Gutunga za misile kwa A.P.R. ntigufitiwe ibimenyetso................................................................... 155

Ibimenyetso bidafatika bya MIP........................................................................................................ 155 Ikinyoma kuri misile yabonetse mu Kagera mu mwaka wi 1991 ................................................... 158 Kudatangaza ibaruwa ya Jenerali Quesnot yemeza ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zifite misile nshya biteye amakenga ........................................................................................................................................................... 158 Kwivuguruza cyangwa ibinyoma bya Koloneli Bernard Cussac....................................................... 159 Ugushidikanya kwa Jenerali Ndindiriyimana kuri misile zaba zitunzwe na FPR ............................. 160 Ahantu misile zarasiye indege ya Falcon. ......................................................................................... 162 Masaka-CEBOL ......................................................................................................................................... 162 Ibibazo byabyukijwe nivumburwa ryimbunda zirasa za misile ryavugwaga ........................................... 170 Ibibazo byatewe namafoto yibibunda bitera za misile byashyikirijwe Ubufaransa na Liyetena Koloneli Ephrem Rwabalinda.................................................................................................................................... 171 Umwanzuro ku bivugwa ko misile zarasiwe i Masaka ...................................................................... 172 Ahantu hanyuranye ha Kanombe ...................................................................................................... 173 Ibivugwa ku batangabuhamya ninkuru zabo .................................................................................... 180 Abahanuye indege ............................................................................................................................. 181

UMWANZURO RUSANGE ...................................................................................................... 182

IRIBURIRO RUSANGE
Amateka ninshingano za Komite
Komite yigenga yimpuguke ishinzwe iperereza ku ihanuka ryindege Falcon 50 nomero 9XRNN yashyizweho niteka rya Minisitiri wintebe No 07/03 ryo kuwa 16 Mata 2007. Minisitiri ufite ubutabera mu nshingano ze agenzura imikorere yayo ni nawe ishyikiriza raporo zibikorwa byayo. Hateganijwe ko Imirimo ya Komite izamara igihe kitagennwe. Ingingo ya 3 yiteka rya Minisitiri wIntebe rishyiraho komite igira iti: Komite yimpuguke ifite inshingano rusange yo kugaragaza ukuri ku ihanuka ryindege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 nomero 9XR-NN, ryabaye kuwa 06 Mata 1994, igahitana abantu bakurikira: HABYARIMANA Juvenal, wahoze ari Perezida wa Repubulika y u Rwanda nabari bamuherekeje ; NTARYAMIRA Cyprien, wahoze ari Perezida wa Repubulika y u Burundi nabari bamuherekeje ;

- Abafaransa bari bashinzwe iyo ndege. Muri urwo rwego, komite yimpuguke ifite inshingano zihariye zikuririkira : - Gukusanya amakuru ajyanye nihanuka ryindege ; - Gusesengura amakuru yose yakusanyijwe hagamijwe kubona icyerekezo rusange ku bijyanye niperereza ; - Gushakisha, kwegeranya no gusuzuma ibimenyetso bijyanye nihanuka ryindege ; - Kugaragaza impamvu, uko iharurwa ryabaye, uburyo ryabayemo nabarigizemo uruhare. Komite igizwe nabantu barindwi . Yahawe igihe cyumwaka, uhereye ku itariki ya 01 Ukuboza 2007, ari nayo tariki Komite yatangiriyeho ibikorwa byayo. Icyo gihe cyaje kongerwa inshuro ebyeri. Ku nshuro ya mbere cyongerewe igihe cyamezi atatu, ahera kuwa 01 Ukuboza 2008 akageza kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2009 yo kurangiza kwandika no gutunganya raporo yibyavuye mu iperereza, kwiga ku ntwaro zakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege, nisesengura rya tekiniki ryibisigazwa byiyo ndege. Ku nshuro ya kabiri cyongereweho amezi abiri, ahereye tariki ya 01 Werurwe 2009 akageza kuwa 30 Mata 2009 yo guhindura raporo mu ndimi zicyongereza n i Kinyarwanda. Amezi abiri yambere yahariwe gushaka no gutunganya aho komite izakorera, uburyo izakora, gushaka abakozi bazayifasha kurangiza inshingano zayo, gushyiraho amategeko ngengamikorere nandi mategeko, Kugena gahunda yibikorwa ningengo yimari ijyanye nabyo, kwemeza uburyo ubushashatsi niperereza bizakorwa nuburyo bizakorwa, gushyiraho ingengabihe yibikorwa no gukusanya no gusoma amakuru ajyanye nihanurwa ryiyo ndege yamaze gushyirwa ahagagara. Komite yagennye uburyo izarangiza inshingano yahawe ikoresheje uburyo buzayifasha gukora iperereza mu buryo bwa gihanga. 5

Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu iperereza

Kugirango ishobore kurangiza inshingano yahawe, Komite yabanje kugena aho amakuru akeneye azava, ikurikizaho kuyatara mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Mu gihugu, Komite yagiye aho ihanurwa ryindege ryabereye nahahegereye, ibaza abaturage bari bahatuye muri 1994 cyangwa bari bahari icyo gihe kubera impamvu zinyuranye, inabaza kandi nundi muntu wese washobaraga kuba afite amakuru ataziguye afitanye isano nihanuka ryiyo ndege. Komite yibanze byumwihariko ku batangabuhamya bafite icyo biboneye ubwabo cyangwa se biyumviye kijyanye nibyabaye igihe indege yahanurwaga. Komite yazengurutse igihugu cyose igamije kubonana no kubaza abasirikare bahoze mu mitwe yihariye yingabo z u Rwanda zicyo gihe ariyo : ishami ryari rishinzwe ubutasi, umutwe wabaparakomando,umutwe wo kurwanya umwanzi watera aturutse mu kirere, umutwe wabajepe , ishami ryari rishinzwe ibyitumanaho mu ngabo, umutwe warwanishaga ibimodoka byintambara, umutwe wa jandarumori yigihugu wari ushinzwe kurinda umutekano wikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe nabasirikare bahoze ari aba FPR Inkotanyi, byumwihariko abari muri batayo yari yaracumbikiwe mu nyubako yInteko Ishinga Amategeko yahoze yitwa Inama yIgihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) kuva mu Kuboza 1993 kugeza muri Mata 1994. Komite yanabajije abatekinisiye bikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe, barimo abari ku izamu mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 rishyira uwa 07 Mata 1994. Mu babajijwe harimo uwari komanda wIkibuga cyIndege wizamu, abakozi bakorera mu munara ugenzurirwamo indege ziza nizigenda (tour de contrle), abatekinisiye bashinzwe ibyamashanyarazi nitumanaho, abazimya muriro nabandi. Nyuma yo kubyumvikanaho nabatangabuhamya, Komite yahisemo uburyo bwo kubabaza inabafata amajwi namafoto. Kuva mu ikubitiro, haba mu nyandiko cyangwa mu buhamya, Komite yihatiye guhora ishakisha ibimenyetso bishingiye ku kutabogama, bizira amarangamutima kandi byizewe. Ni muri urwo rwego, mu gihe cyo gutoranya no guhitamo ibikwiye kwizerwa, Komite yashyize imbere inyandiko nubuhamya byatanzwe, bigasesengurwa kandi bikemezwa ninkiko cyangwa se ibyavuzwe nimpuguke, ubuhamya bwababibonye ubwabo na za raporo zakozwe ninzego zibifitiye ububasha. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza iperereza ryakozwe mu turere twose twu Rwanda no mu mujyi wa Kigali. Mu gihe cyumwaka, kuva muri Gashyantare 2008 Kugeza muri Gashyantare 2009, Komite yumvise ubuhamya bwabantu 557.

INTARA UBURASIRAZUBA

AKARERE

UMUBARE WABATANGABUHAMYA

Bugesera Kayonza Kirehe Ngoma Gatsibo Nyagatare Rwamagana Burera Gakenke Gicumbi Musanze Rulindo Gisagara Huye Nyamagabe Nyanza Nyaruguru Muhanga Ruhango Kamonyi

Igiteranyo AMAJYARUGURU

Igiteranyo AMAJYEPFO

Igiteranyo UBURENGERAZUBA

Ngororero Rubavu Rutsiro Rusizi Karongi Nyamasheke Nyabihu Gasabo Kicukiro Nyarugenge

Igiteranyo Umujyi wa Kigali

3 13 15 34 2 1 10 78 15 7 40 22 7 91 3 15 28 8 9 13 3 5 84 9 23 1 5 6 8 15 67
82 133 22 237 557

Igiteranyo IGITERANYO RUSANGE

Mu gihe iperereza ryakorwaga mu gihugu, hanakozwe kandi ingendo hanze yacyo zari zigamije gushakisha inyandiko namakuru. Iperereza ryo hanze yu Rwanda ryakorewe i Burundi no muri Tanzaniya (Arusha na Dar-es-Salaam) hagamijwe kwakira ubuhamya bw abagize uruhare mu nama yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam ku wa 06 Mata 1994. Komite yibanze cyane cyane ku buhamya bwatanzwe nabadipolomate babanyarwanda nabanyamahanga bagize uruhare mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose haba mu itegurwa cyangwa mu ikorwa ryinama y i Dar-es-Salaam. Ni muri urwo rwego, intumwa za Komite zagiye mu butumwa bwiperereza muri Kenya ku biro byakarere byumuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibyindege za Gisirivili (OACI), muri Benin no mu Bwongereza. Komite kandi yandikiye Jenerali Romeo Dallaire imusaba ubuhamya ariko asubiza avuga ko adashobora kubutanga atabiherewe uburenganzira ku mugaragaro nUmunyamabanga Mukuru wUmuryango wAbibumbye. Komite kandi yahaye uburemere ubuhamya bwatanzwe nabakozi ba MINUAR, cyane cyane abasirikare bari ku kazi ku kibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe mu ijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994. Bamwe muri bo bari muri za serivisi zingenzi zirimo umunara ugenzurirwamo indege ziza nizigenda (tour de contrle) kandi bari bafite inshingano zo kubungabunga umutekano muri biriya bihe bitari byoroshye, bakurikiranira hafi ibyashoboraga kuba. Abo bakozi, bakaba nabasirikare bumwuga, bavuze ibintu babonye ubwo byabaga cyangwa mu kanya gato nyuma y ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida. Komite kandi yahaye agaciro ibimenyetso bishingiye ku nyandiko zari mu nzu zishyingurwamo inyandiko zinyuranye za Leta y u Rwanda cyangwa se izimiryango mpuzamahanga irimo Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Hanakozwe iperereza muri za dosiye zimanza zabantu bakurikiranyweho kuba baragize uruhare mu rupfu rwabasirikare bababiligi bari muri MINUAR zaburanishijwe nUrukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseli. Nyuma yurupfu rwabasirikare icumi bababiligi bari mu ngabo za Loni zari mu Rwanda, Ububiligi bwari bushishikajwe byumwihariko no kumenya uburyo abasirikare babo bishwe, nababigizemo uruhare cyane cyane ko radiyo RTLM ningabo zahoze ari izu Rwanda batungaga agatoki abasirikare bUbubiligi bavugako ko aribo bahanuye indege ya Perezida bafatanyije na FPR. Ni muri urwo rwego ababiligi batangiye gukora iperereza ryabo uhereye hagati muri Mata 1994. Abasirike bababiligi bari ku kibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cyi Kanombe ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege, nabasivili nabasirikare bababiligi bakoraga mu rwego rwubutwererane bari mu Rwanda icyo gihe batanze ubuhamya ninyandiko. Komite yasuzumye inyandiko zubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bwUbubiligi, izigereranya nibimenyetso yakuye mu iperereza yikoreye ubwayo mu Rwanda. Ibimenyetso byose byegeranijwe byerekanye ko indege itagize impanuka ahubwo ko yahanuwe, ari nayo mpamvu muriyi raporo ijambo ihanurwa ryindege rikoreshwa mu mwanya wijambo, impanuka cyangwa se ihanuka ryindege.

Uko ibintu byari byifashe mu rwego rwa Politiki mbere yihanurwa ryindege
Ihanurwa ryindege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 ryakozwe mu gihe mu rwego rwa politiki hari umwuka mubi cyane, waturukaga ku bikorwa bibi byaje bikurikirana. Ahagana mu mpera yimyaka ya za 1980, ubutegetsi bwu Rwanda bwari mu maboko yabantu bamwe bari bibumbuye mu cyiswe Akazu 1. Abari bagize Akazu bari abantu bafitanye isano na Perezida wa Repubulika ariko cyane cyane numugore we, kandi bakoraga amakosa akomeye yakunze gushyirwa ahagaragara nabanyapolitiki cyangwa abanyamakuru, bituma guhera muri 1988 hatangira gukorwa ubwicanyi bwibasiraga abantu bamwe2. Ibintu byaje kudogera ubwo intambara hagati ya leta y u Rwanda ningabo zUmuryango wa FPR yatangiraga kuwa 01 Ukwakira 1990. Ubwo nibwo ubutegetsi bwahinduye amatwara, butangira gukoresha igitugu bwanga ko ibintu bihinduka, ari nabwo bwatangiye kwigisha ingengabitekerezo ishingiye ku mo ko bugamije kuyobya abaturage no kubacengezamo amacakuri ashingiye ku moko3, ibyo byose biherekejwe nitoteza ryategurwaga ku rwego rwo hejuru mu butegetsi bwigihugu4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ku nshuro ya mbere ryiyo politiki ryagaragaye mu ijoro ryo kuwa 04 rishyira uwa 05 Ukwakira 1990, ubwo ingabo zu Rwanda zahimbye amayeri yo kubeshya ko zatewe na FPR. Zarashe urufaya rwamasasu ijoro ryose mu kirerere zijijisha zitwaje ko zihanganye numwanzi5 wacengeye mu murwa mukuru. Iyo kinamico yabaye urwitwazo rwo gufunga abasivili bakabakaba ibihumbi cumi, ahanini bagizwe nabo mu bwoko bwabatutsi cyane cyane abakomoka mu miryango ikize. Ibyo byakurikiwe na politiki yuburiganya6, kubogama7, propagande nyinshi8 nubugizi bwa nabi bwakomeje kurangwa no kwica abatutsi9,
Raporo ya Komisiyo yiperereza yakozwe nimiryango CLADHO-KANYARWANDA yibanze ku ihohoterwa ryuburenganzira bwa muntu rikabije ryakorewe mu Rwanda kuva kuwa 06 Mata 1994, urup.13 ; Franois Misser, mu gitabo yise Vers un nouveau Rwanda ?, Paris, Karthala, 1995, impap.82-86 ; Colette Braeckman mu gitabo yise Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocide , Paris, Fayard, 1994, impap.104-105 ; Monique Mas, mu gitabo yise : Paris-Kigali 1990-1994. Lunettes coloniales, Politique du sabre et onction humanitaire. Pour un gnocide en Afrique, Paris LHarmattan, 1999, impap.326-330. 2 Umuryango wUbumwe bwAfurika, Raporo kuri Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda (Raporo yUmuryango wa OUA), Gicurasi 2000, impap.40-44 ; G. Prunier, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda 1959-1996 : Histoire dun gnocide, Paris, Dagorno, 1997, impap.111-114. 3 A. Munyaneza na Jean-Berchmas Birara, inyandiko bise Rwanda : Appel pressant lopinion internationale , Bruxelles, 18 Kamena 1994, impap.4-5. 4 Raporo isoza ya Komisiyo yImpuguke yashyizweho nicyemezo 935 (1994) cyInama yUmuryango wAbibumbye Ishinzwe amahoro ku isi, S1994/1405, kuwa 9 Ukuboza 1994, impap.24-25 ; Africa Watch, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda. Talking peace and waging war human rights since the October 1990 invasion, Washington kuwa 27 Gashyantare 1992. Ijambo rya Perezida wa Repubulika nyuma yigitero cyo kuwa 01 Ukwakira 1990, Radio Rwanda, kuwa 05 Ukwakira 1990 7 Ijambo rya Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga nUbutwererane, yabwiye abahagarariye ibihugu byabo nImiryango Mpuzamahanga mu Rwanda, Kigali, Kuwa 8 Ukwakira 1990 8 Ijambo Perezida wa Repubulika yavugiye imbere yInama yIgihugu Iharanira Amajyambrere, Kigali, Kuwa 13 Ugushyingo 1990 9 Raporo yiperereza ya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ku ihohoterwa ryuburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda, kuwa 22 Gashyantare 1993, impap.18-48 ; C. Vidal, mu gitabo yise Les politiques de la haine , Les Temps modernes n 583, Nyakanga Kanama 1995 ; Jean-Claude Willame, mu gitabo yise : Aux sources de lhcatombe rwandaise, LHarmattan 1995, impap. 99-106
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ibikorwa byiterabwoba, nubwicanyi bwibasiye abanyapolitiki babahutu, abanyamakuru nabandi bantu bari babangamiye agatsiko kari ku butegetsi10. Ibinyamakuru byabibaga amacakubiri byari bishyigikiwe kandi byaterwaga inkunga yamafaranga nakazu, byaravutse, bigamije guharabika no kwangisha abandi, abaturage babatutsi nabahutu badashyigikiye politiki yamacakubiri11. Kubera igitutu yotswaga nabanyabwenge babanyarwanda namahanga, Perezida Habyarimana yatangaje ko yemeye politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi binashyirwa no mu itegeko nshinga rishya ryemejwe kuwa 21 Gashyantare 1991. Icyo gihe cyaranzwe nivuka ryamashyaka menshi ya politiki, ayingenzi muri yo akaba : Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi na Repubulika (MDR), ryazunguye MDR- PARMEHUTU, Ishyaka riharanira Imibereho myiza yabaturage (PSD), Ishyaka riharanira Ukwishyira Ukizana kwa buri muntu PL, nIshyaka riharanira Demokrasi ya Gikirisitu (PDC). Amashyaka mato nayo yariyongereye, muriyo twavuga : Ishyaka rihanarira Kurengera Ibidukikije (PECO), Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi ya Kisilamu(PDI), Ishyaka ryAbakozi baharanira Demokarasi, (RTD), Ishyaka riharanira Impinduramatwara (PARERWA) nayandi. Aya mashyaka yarangwaga nintego ebyeri zingenzi. Iya mbere yari ugusaba ko habaho demokarasi noneho ubutegetsi bwariho bugahinduka, iyindi yari iyo kugaragaza ko hari uturere twari twarahejwe mu miyoborere yigihugu hananengwa ko imyanya myiza yose haba mu ngabo zigihugu, iyo mu butegetsi bwite bwa leta, ndetse nimyanya yose irebana nubukungu nimari yari yarihariwe nabantu bakomoka muri perefegitura za Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Iyo politike ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi yashyizweho mu gihe cyintambara, yagoranye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kubera kwinangira kwishyaka rya MRND ryari ryihariye ubutegetsi ari naryo ryonyine ritanga inyungu zijyanye nabwo, ritashakaga ko haba impinduka nyayo mu rwego rwa demokarasi12. Kuwa 13 Ukwakira 1991, Perezida Habyarimana yatumiye Minisitiri wUbutabera, Bwana Sylvestre Nsanzimana, wafatwaga nkumuntu utari intagondwa nubwo yari umuyoboke wa MRND, amusaba gushyiraho guverinoma irimo abaminisitiri bo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe nubutegetsi. Abatavugaga rumwe nubutegetsi babwiye leta ko bashobora kwemera kujya muri guverinoma ari uko habanje gukorwa impinduka ku bintu byingenzi byarebaga ubuzima bwigihugu. Byaje kwangwa na Perezida wa Repubulika, ingaruka yabyo iba kutajya muri guverinoma kwabatavuga rumwe nubutegetsi, kandi yari guverinoma yagombaga kuba ihuriwemo namashyaka menshi. Kuwa 07 Ugushyingo 1991, amashyaka atatu akomeye atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi yandikiye Perezida wa Repubulika urwandiko rwagaragazaga inzitizi mu kuzana demokarasi mu gihugu anatunga agatoki MRND nkIshyaka ryari ku butegetsi anerekana ko ari ryo ribangimiye
10

Amnesty International, Mu gitabo yise : Rwanda : Persecution of Tutsi Minority and repression of Government critics, 1990-1992 , Londres, Gicurasi 1992 ; Ishyirahamwe nyarwanda ryo kurengera uburenganzira bwa Muntu nuburenganzira rusange (ADL), Raporo igaragaza uko uburenganzira bwa muntu bwifashe mu Rwanda , Nzeri 1991 Nzeri 1992 , Kigali, Ukuboza 1992. 11 Jean-Pierre Chrtien, Jean-Franois Dupaquier, Marcel Kabanda, Joseph Ngarambe, Rwanda : mu gitabo bise ; Les mdias du gnocide, Paris, Karthala, nouvelle dition 2002. 12 HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise Aucun tmoin ne doit survivre, op.cit, impap.66-73

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Demokarasi mu gihugu, asoza urwo rwandiko asaba ko hategurwa inama rukokokoma13. Nyuma yishyirwa ahagaragara ryiyi nyandiko, ubutegetsi bwashubije burega ibirego bikomeye abatavuga rumwe nabwo, babarega kuvuga rumwe numwanzi udutera14, hanyuma busubukura ubwicanyi bwibasiye abatutsi nabahutu bakomeye bari mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi15. Ubwo bwicanyi bwakorwaga nagatsiko kabantu bari bashinzwe kwica abantu kandi bari bafite aho bahuriye numuryango wa Perezida wa Repubulika kayobowe kandi gashyigikiwe nintagondwa zabahutu babakozi ba leta bo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu mirimo ya gisivili niya gisirikare16. Umwaka wa 1992 waranzwe no kwiyongera kwibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi no gushimangira irondakoko nyaryo rikorwa na leta ryaranzwe no kwita abahutu rubanda nyamwinshi, abatutsi bakitwa rubanda nyamuke, ibyo bakabikora bagerageza gusobanura ko bagomba kuguma ku butegetsi kuko aribo benshi mu gihugu. Ibikorwa byubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko byakozwe mu turere twinshi twigihugu, mu Bugesera (Werurwe 1992), Kibuye (Kanama1992) nahandi. Igihe cyose ubutegetsi bwakoreshaga abaturage mu kwica abatutsi babasivili17. Byumwihariko, ubwicanyi bwo mu Bugesera bwabaye nyuma yitangazo ryo kuwa 03 Werurwe 1992, ryaciye kuri radiyo Rwanda risubirwamo inshuro eshanu. Icyo gihe, Radiyo Rwanda niyo yonyine yashobora gusakaza amajwi mu gihugu cyose. Iryo tangazo ryavugaga ko hari itangazo ryanditswe nUmuryango Urengera Uburenganzira bwa muntu ufite icyicaro i Nairobi muri kenya witwa Commission interafricaine pour la nonviolence ,(Komisiyo ihuriweho nAbanyafurika Irwanya Ihohoterwa). Iryo tangazo ryashyize ahagaragara umugambi wo kwica abahutu bakomeye, cyane cyane abari mu mashyaka ya politiki. Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko ririya shyirahamwe ritigeze ribaho ko nitangazo ryaciye kuri Radiyo Rwanda ryari irihimbano ryateguwe nintagondwa zari ku butegetsi kugira ngo zibone imbarutso yubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko bwagombaga gukorerwa abaturage babatutsi18. Muri uwo mwaka, mu mashyaka ya MRND, MDR, PSD na PL havutsemo ibice byintagondwa hanatangira kugaragara ikibazo cyinsoresore zitwaraga gisirikare kandi zari zishyigikiwe namashyaka, ubutegetsi ningabo zigihugu. Ishyaka ryintagondwa ryitwaga Impuzamugambi ziharanira Repubulika (CDR) ryarashinzwe rinagira uruhare runini mu gukomeza ikibazo cyamoko ubwo ryareze abatutsi ko ari bo bateje igihugu ibibazo bya politiki, nibyimibereho myiza yabaturage. Abayoboke baryo bishoye mu bikorwa byinshi byurugomo birimo
Urwandiko Amashyakaya ya Politiki MDR, PL na PSD, rwandikiwe Perezida wa Repubulika, Kigali, Kuwa 07 Ugushyingo 1991. Rwasinywe na : Bagaragaza Thade, Nsengiyaremye Dismas na Twagiramungu Faustin ku ruhande rwa MDR; Mugenzi Justin, Ntamabyaliro Agns, Ndasingwa Landoald na Mbonampeka Stanislas ku ruhande rwa PL ; Nzamurambaho Frdric, Ngango Flicien, Gafaranga Thoneste na Gatabazi Flicien ku ruhande rwa PSD. 14 Radio Rwanda, kuwa 01 Ukuboza 1991 15 G. Prunier, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda 1959-1996op. cit. impap.168-178 16 Christophe Mfizi, Ibarwa ifunguye igenewe Perezida wa MRND, Paris, Kuwa 15 Kanama 1992 ; C. Breackman, mu gitabo yise Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocide, Paris, Fayard, 1994, impap.115-120 ; Monique Mas, Paris-Kigali 1990-1194op.cit. urup.124 17 Raporo ya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga yiperereza, impap. 52-60 18 Rapport ya Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga yiperereza impap.42-47 ; J.P.Chrtien nabandi, igitabo bise Rwanda. Les mdias du gnocide, op. cit.impap. 57-61 ; C. Braeckman, Rwanda : mu gitabo yise : Histoireop. cit., urup.118
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imyigaragambyo no guha izo nsoresore zitwaraga gisirikare imbunda. Politiki yo guhimba umwazi wimbere mu gihugu yashyizweho ningabo zigihugu nubutegetsi bwite bwa leta. Bityo, tariki ya 21 Nzeri 1992, Koloneli Nsabimana yandikiye abayobozi bUturere twa Gisirikare bose urwandiko rwibanga rufata abatutsi bimbere mu gihugu nabo hanze yacyo nkumwanzi wibanze , umwanzi wa kabiri akaba abahutu batishimiye ubutegetsi buriho nundi muntu wese utiza umwanzi wibanze umurindi . Muri Werurwe 1992, MRND yari yapfuye kwemera gusangira ubutegetsi nandi mashyaka ya politiki. Guverinoma ihuriweho nimpande zombi iyobowe na Dismas Nsengiyaremye ukomoka muri MDR yashyizweho inatangiza ku mugaragaro imishyikirano nUmuryango wa FPR, babifashijwemo nibihugu, Imiryango Mpuzamahanga niyo mu rwego rwakarere. Hirengagijwe umuryango wa FPR, hashyizweho Guverinoma ihuriweho nimpande ebyiri zihanganye. Urwari rushyigikiye Habyarimana nurwa murwanyaga19. Uruhande rwari rushyigikiye Perezida Habyarimana rwakoraga nkaho rushyigikiye imishyikirano, ariko ruhitamo amayeri yo kurimanganya, gutera ubwoba abaturage hakoreshejwe ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko20 no kungikanya amatangazo arwanya imishyikirano21. Mu Gushyingo 1992, nyuma yisinywa ryamasezerano yerekeye Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko nigabana ryubutegetsi, Perezida Habyarimana yavuze ko ayo masezerano ari ibipapuro byasinywe abaturage batabizi, anashimira interahamwe ibikorwa byo kayaburizamo. Minisitiri wintebe, Dismas Nsengiyaremye yahise asubiza yereka Perezida wa Repubulika ingaruka ijambo rye ryashoboraga guteza mu rwego rwumutekano wigihugu ninzira yamahoro22. Nyuma yicyumweru kimwe, uwari uhagarariye MRND ku Gisenyi, aho perezida avuka, Lon Mugesera yavuze ijambo ribi rigaragaramo ivangura moko, ashishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi bakabajugunya mu migezi yo mu gihugu ikabatembana ibajyana muri Etiyopia. Yabivuze muri aya magambo : Banyarwanda, Banyarwandakazi, muzi neza kuba maso icyo bivuga. Mu gihugu cyacu hari inyenzi. Zohereje abana bazo ku rugamba gufasha inkotanyi () Ni kuki tudafata abo babyeyi tukabatsemba? Ni kuki tudatsemba abo bantu bose bohereza abana babo ku rugamba ? Ni mumbwire, mutegereje ko baza bakabica murebera ? () Ese mwibuka ko mu itegeko nshinga ryacu handitsemo ko ubutabera bukorwa mu izina ryabaturage ? Izo ngegera tutaziyicira ().umuntu wese mubonye muri selire mutamuzi mugomba gukurikirana mukamumenya, mwasanga aricyitso cyinyenzi mukamutsinda aho nta rubanza. Mperutse kubwira umuyoboke wa P.L ko ikosa twakoze muri 1959, nuko nari nkirumwana, ni uko twabaretse bagahunga igihugu ari bazima. Namubajije kandi niba atarunvise inkuru yabafalasha baheruka kujya muri Israeli bavuye muri Etiyopiya.
Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ryamashyaka MDR, PSD na PL rirebana nimishyikirano yamahoro ibera Arusha, Kigali, kuwa 17 Ukuboza 1992, urup.2 20 Amashyirahamwe Nyarwanda arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu A.D.L., A.R.D.HO., A.V.P., LICHREDOR na Kanyarwanda, muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye , Kigali, Kuwa 26 Kanama 1992. 21 Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru rya biro politike ya MRND, Kigali, kuwa 28 Ukwakira1992 no kuwa 5 Ugushyingo 1992 ; itsinda ryabaminisitiri bakomoka muri MRND, urwandiko bandikiye Nyakubahwa Minisitiri wIntebe, Kigali, Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1992 no kuwa 10 Ugushyingo 1992 ; Mehdi Ba, igitabo yise Rwanda, un gnocide franais, Paris, LEsprit frappeur, 1997, impap.10-18 22 Ibarwa n718/02.00 ya Minisitiri wintebe, Dr Dismas Nsengiyaremye, yandikiye Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Kigali, kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 1992
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Yansubije ko atabyunvise, ndamubwira nti : ugomba kuba ur igipfamatwi cyangwa injiji, njyewe nkumenyesheje ko igihugu cyanyu ari Etiyopia, kandi ko mu minsi itarambiranye tugiye kubasubiza iwanyu tubacishije muri Nyabarongo nkinzira yubusamo. Ngibyo. Mbasubiriyemo ko tugomba guhaguruka tugakora 23 . Kuva mu Kuboza 1992 kugeza muri Werurwe 1993, ubwicanyi bukabije bwibasiye abatutsi bwakozwe mu turere twinshi twigihugu, cyane cyane ku Kibuye, ku Gisenyi, mu Ruhengeri no muri Kigali ngali24. Kuwa 08 Mutarama 1993, ubwo yari Arusha, Koloneli Bagosora, wari umuyobozi wibiro bya Minisitiri wIngabo, yavuye mu mishyikirano yamahoro avuga amagambo akurikira ku batutsi no kuri FPR : Ndatashye, ngiye kubategurira imperuka 25. (Apocalypse) Nyuma yibyumweru bibiri hakimara gusinywa amasezerano ya gatatu yerekeye kuvanga ingabo z impande zombi, agatsiko kagizwe nintagondwa zabofisiye mu ngabo zigihugu kashyizweho mu ibanga rikomeye ku itariki ya 20 Mutarama 1993, ishyirahamwe ryiswe AMASASU26. Intego yiryo shyirahamwe yari iyo gukomeza intambara numutwe wa FPR, guheza abatutsi no gutegura ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko27. Iryo shyirahamwe ryihaye kandi inshingano yo gushaka no kwica biramutse bibaye ngombwa abanyapolitike bindyarya bakora ibishoboka byose bitwaje intambara kugira ngo bagume mu myanya barimo cyangwa bakoresha andi mayeri kugira ngo bashobore kubona imyanya mu butegetsi.28.Uwo munsi, ako gatsiko kashyize ahagagara urutonde rwabantu bagombaga kwicwa hakurikijwe ibibaranga bihuye neza ninyito yumwanzi nkuko Koloneli Nsabimana Deogratias yari yabisobanuye, mu nyandiko yo muri Nzeri 199229. Ishyirahamwe AMASASU ryari umutwe wa gisirikare wa Hutu power30 kandi waruyobowe na Bagosora Theoneste, waruzwi ku izina rya Commandant Mike Tango yiyita umujyanama wikirenga w AMASASU31 . Nubwo bwose hari ibyo bibazo, imishyikirano yarakomeje kuburyo bugoranye. Kuwa 30 Nyakanga 1993, Inteko ishinga amategeko yu Rwanda yitwaga Inama yIgihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) yaratinze itora itegeko n18/93 rihindura zimwe mu ngingo zItegeko
J.P. Chrtien nabandi, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda : les mdias du gnocide, op.cit., impap.55-56 ; Raporo isoza ya Komisiyo yImpuguke, op.cit., urup.24 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise Aucun tmoinop.cit., urup.103-106. 24 Nzabakiriraho Cyprien na Banyurwabuke Andr, Raporo yubutumwa ku nvururu zabaye muri za Komini zimwe zo muri Perefegitura za Gisenyi na Kibuye zabaye mu mpera zUkuboza 1992 no muri Mutarama 1993; Itangazo ryamashyirahamwe nyarwanda yita ku burenganzira bwa muntu ryerekeye ibyaha byakozwe mu gihugu: A.D.L., A.R.D.HO, A.V.P., KANYARWANDA na LICHREDOR, Kigali, kuwa 26 Mutarama 1993. 25 Mehdi Ba, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda : un gnocide, op.cit., urup.12. Amakuru yemejwe niperereza ryakozwe na Komite (Reba ubuhamya bwa Kaporari Nambajimana Jean-Marie Vianney wabarijwe i Kigali Kuwa 13 Kanama 2008) 26 Alliance des Militaires Agacs par les Sculaires Actes Sournois des Unaristes. AMASASU signifie les balles en Kinyarwanda, mais ici lappellation Unaristes renvoie au parti UNAR chass du pouvoir en 1959. 27 Urwandiko rwamashyirahamwe nyarwanda arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, A.D.L., KANYARWANDA, A.R.D.HO, A.V.P. na LICHREDOR, rwandikiwe Bwana Minisitiri wingabo, Kigali, Kuwa 23 Gashyantare 1993 ; Ibarwa abaturage ba Komini Mbogo, Perefegitura ya Kigali, yandikiwe Nyakubahwa Bwana Minisitiri wintebe, Kigali, kuwa 2 Werurwe 1993. Impamvu : Gutabariza Abanyambogo bari mu kaga. 28 Ibarwa yanditswe nishyirahamwe AMASASU yandikiwe Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y u Rwanda, Kigali, kuwa 20 Mutarama 1993. Impamvu : Ivuka nimpamvu yishyirahamwe AMASASU. 29 Abakurikiranira hafi ibintu bemeza ko ako gatsiko kari kayobowe na Koloneli Bagosora, warwanyaga ivangwa ryingabo zimpande zombi ryateganywaga namasezerano yArusha : reba igitabo cyanditswe na Franois Misser, yise : Vers un nouveau Rwanda ? Bruxelles-Paris, Luc Pire et Karthala, 1995, urup.86 30 Raporo ya Komisiyo yiperereza ya CLADHO-KANYARWANDA.op.cit., urup.23 31 AMASASU, Urwandiko rwandikiwe Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika op. cit.
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Nshinga ryo kuwa 10 Kamena 1991. Iryo tegeko ryahinduraga zimwe mu ngingo z itegeko nshinga ryavugaga ko ingingo ya 101 yitegeko nshinga ryo kuwa 10 Kamena 1991 ikuweho kandi ko isimbujwe ingingo igira iti : Iri Tegeko Nshinga nAmasezerano yamahoro azasinywa hagati ya Leta yu Rwanda numutwe wa FPR byombi bigize, ku buryo budasubirwaho itegeko shingiro igihugu kizagenderaho mu gihe cyinzibacyuho. Mu gihe hari ingingo zitegeko nshinga zinyuranye nizamasezerano yamahoro, amasezerano yamahoro niyo azagira agaciro . Iri tegeko ritangira kubahirizwa umunsi rishyiriweho umukono na Perezida wa Repubulika, kuwa 03 Kanama 1993. Kubera igitutu yotswaga namahanga, kuwa 04 Kanama 1993, Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda yashyize umukono ku masezerano yamahoro yArusha akubiyemo urutonde rwamasezerano arebana no kugira igihugu kigendera ku mategeko32, igabana ryubutegetsi33, Gucyura impunzi no gusubiza mu byabo ababikuwemo nintambara34, Kuvanga Ingabo, Ibibazo binyuranye ningingo zisoza.35 Ayo masezerano yatangaga ibisubizo ku bibazo byose birebana nigabana ryUbutegetsi hagati yishyaka rukumbi ryari ryarihariye ubutegetsi namashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi ndetse nUmuryango wa FPR. Yagabanyije ku buryo bugaragara ububasha bwa Perezida wa Repubulika, bumwe mu bubasha yahoranye buhabwa za minisiteri zikomeye zagenewe amashyaka. Byari biteganyijwe ko ishyaka rya Perezida wa Repubulika rihabwa minisiteri eshanu gusa kuri makumyabiri nimwe zigize guverinoma, izindi za minisiteri zigahabwa andi mashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi. Nkuko yari kugira imyanya mike itayiha ubwiganze muri guverinoma ni nako byari kugenda mu nteko ishinga amategeko aho yari yagenewe imyanya 11 kuri 70. Amasezerano yAmahoro yateganyaga kandi ishyirwaho ryInteko Ishinga Amategeko yInzibacyuho, yagombaga kugenzura imikorere ya Guverinoma yInzibacyuho yaguye irimo nintumwa za FPR binyuranyije nuko byari bisanzwe aho imikorere ya Guverinoma yagenzurwaga na Perezida wa Repubulika gusa. Ayo masezerano kandi yateganyaga itahuka ryimpuzi zari zimaze imyaka myinshi hanze nivangwa ryingabo zimpande zombi. Kuri iyi ngingo, amasezerano yateganyagako umubare wingabo zigihugu wagombaga kuba 19000 ugizwe nabasirikare 13000 nabajandarume 6000. Leta yari yagenewe 60%, FPR igenerwa 40%, hanyuma impande zombi zikagabana kuburyo bungana imyanya yUbuyobozi mu ngabo no muri Jandarumori. Agatsiko kintagondwa ko mu ngabo zigihugu kasanze katakaje ubutegetsi hanyuma gahitamo kwanga ibyavuye mu mishyikirano kivuye inyuma gatinya ko hazabaho gusererwa mu ngabo no gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe byarikubaviramo kubura akazi no gutakaza inyungu zijyanye nako. Icyo gihe ingabo zu Rwanda zari 35.000 bivuga ko abarenga ku mubare uteganyijwe uzaba ugize ingabo nshya zigihugu bagombaga kuva ku kazi bagasubizwa mu buzima bwa gisivili, bisobanura kubura inyungu bakuraga mu kazi. Muribo harimo abasirikare bakuru bo mu gihe cya Perezida Habyarimana barebwaga nicyo kibazo byumwihariko kubera imyaka yabo36.

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Amasezerano yasinywe kuwa 18 Kanama 1992 Ayasinywe Kuwa 30 Ukwakira 1992 no kuwa 9 Mutarama 1993 34 Kuwa 9 Kamena 1993 35 Kuwa 3 Kanama 1993 36 C. Braeckman, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda : Histoire, op.cit.,impap.134-137

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Intagondwa zari zibumbiye mu cyitwa Hutu power zumvaga zaragambaniwe nuruhande rwa guverinoma rwemeye gusinya amasezerano yamahoro, zikanarurega kuba rwaremereye FPR ibirenze ibyo rwagombaga kwemera, bituma bashoza urundi rugamba rwibitekerezo bishingiye ku ivangura ryamoko, uburakari bwabo babutura abatutsi nabahutu bashyigikiye amasezerano yamahoro. Hutu power yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibuze perezida wa repubulika gushyiraho inzego zari ziteganyijwe mu masezerano yamahoro37. Gahunda yabaye iyo kwamagana ikintu cyose cyatuma habaho kubangikana no kugabana ubutegetsi na FPR38. Imyitozo yimitwe yitwara gisirikare yariyongereye, hanashyirwaho gahunda yo guha bamwe mu baturage bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwariho, imbunda muri gahunda bise auto dfense civile (Umutwe wa Gisivili wUbwirinzi)39. Ubutegetsi bwashoboye gucengera amashyaka ya politike atavuga rumwe nabwo buyacamo ibice bukoresheje kugura bamwe mu bari bayagize40. Bamwe mu bayobozi bamashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi bahisemo kujya mu gice cya power, amashyaka manini atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi acikamo ibice bibiri harimo icyabashyira mu gaciro ku ruhande rumwe nintagondwa ku rundi ruhande. Intagondwa zagaragaje ko zidashaka FPR41 bituma zitegura ibikorwa byurugomo mu gihugu hose, ubwicanyi bushingiye ku bwoko, ibitero bikomeye byibasiraga abantu benshi, bitewe nahantu nigihe kandi ababikoze ntibabiryozwe mu nkiko42. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano yAmahoro, inama yUmuryango wAbibumbye Ishinzwe Umutekano Ku isi, yashyizeho umutwe ugizwe nIngabo Mpuzamahanga 2548 mu cyemezo cyayo cya 872 cyo kuwa 05 Ukwakira 1993. Uwo mutwe wiswe MINUAR (ingabo zUmuryango wAbibumbye Zishinzwe Kubungabunga Amahoro mu Rwanda) watangiye gushyira ibirindiro byawo mu Rwanda kuwa 22 Ukwakira 1993, ubwo jenerali Dallaire washinzwe kuziyobora yageze mu Rwanda. Nkuko byateganywaga nAmasezerano yAmahoro yArusha, FPR yagombaga kohereza i Kigali batayo igizwe nabasirikare 600 bo kubungabunga umutekano wIntumwa za FPR zagombaga kujya muri Guverinoma yInzibacyuho yari iteganyijwe gushyirwaho kuri 28 Ukuboza 1993 i Kigali, bigashyirwa mu bikorwa bigenzurwa na MINUAR. Uko kuza muri Kigali kwAbasirikare ba FPR kwakiriwe neza nabaturage batari bake43. Ku rundi ruhande byarushijeho gusembura umujinja nurwango bishingiye ku bwoko no kuri politiki. Ibyo byatumye umutekano uba muke, uruhande rwa Perezida nabandi bamushyigikiye batangira gushyiraho inzitizi mu nzira ya politike yari yateganyijwe nAmasezerano yAmahoro y Arusha, banatangira gutegura

Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru ryamashyaka ya politiki MDR, PSD na PL rirebana nimishyikirano y Arusha, Kigali, kuwa 17 ukuboza 1992 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : Aucun tmoin,impap.164-166 ; G. Prunier, igitabo yise : Rwanda 1959-1996op. cit. impap.203-211 ; C. Breackman, igitabo yise : Rwanda : Histoireop.cit., impap.134-137 38 Raporo ya Komisiyo mpuzamahanga yiperereza yo muri 1993, op. cit, impap .78-84 39 Raporo ya Komisiyo yigenga yiperereza ku Bikorwa byUmuryango wAbibumbye mu gihe cya Jenoside yo muri 1994 mu Rwanda, kuwa 15 Ukuboza 1999 (Raporo ya Loni), S/1999/1257, urup.6 40 Raporo ya Komisiyo yIperereza ya CLADHO-KANYARWANDAop.cit, urup.20 41 HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : Aucun tmoin, op. cit.,impap, 135-140 42 Raporo yatanzwe na Bacre Wally Ndiaye, intumwa idasanzwe yashinzwe gukora iperereza ku bwicanyi bwakorewe mu Rwanda budategetswe ninkiko, nyuma yubutumwa yakoreye mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 8 kugeza kuya 17 Mata 1993. Inyandiko ya Loni E/CN-4/1994/7/Add.1, yo kuwa 11 Kanama 1995 43 Robert Kalinda, Inkotanyi zasesekaye mu mugi wa Kigali mu byishimo byinshi nurugwiro , Kanyarwanda, Mutarama 1994.

37

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bashyizeho umwete, nubutegetsi44.

Jenoside

yabatutsi

nubwicanyi

bwibasiye

abatavuga

rumwe

Kuwa 11 Mutarama 1994, ibimenyetso byishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside byashyizwe ahagaragara na MINUAR mu butumwa jenerali Dallaire yandikiye ubuyobozi bwUmuryango wAbibumbye abumenyesha ko hari umugambi wacuzwe wo kwica abasirikare bababiligi bari muri MINUAR kugira ngo batayo yabo yikure murizo ngabo isubire iwabo 45. Kuwa 20 Gashyantare 1994, umugaba wingabo zu Rwanda, [Jenerali] Nsabimana, yeretse umuvandimwe we Jean Berchmans Birara, urutonde rwabantu 1500 bagombaga kwicwa46, nkikimenyetso kigaragaza uko ubutagondwa bwa hutu power nuburyo bari bariyemeje kunaniza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryamasezerano yamahoro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwose, harimo no gukora Jenoside47. Mu gatabo kagenewe kwandikwamo gahunda ka Koloneli Bagosora, kuri gahunda yo kuwa 21 Gashyantare 1994, Bagosora yanditsemo ko gutangira kubarura no kumenya aho abasezerewe mu ngabo bagombaga kuzisubizwamo babarizwa byihutirwaga48. Muri iyo minsi, MINUAR yagaragaje muri raporo yayo yagejeje ku muryango wabibumbye, umugambi wateguwe nabantu biswe agatsiko kabicanyi (escadron de la mort) ugamije kwica abatutsi, abanyapolitike nabakozi bo murwego rwo hejuru bakomoka mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi49. Kuwa 04 Mata 1994, mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru wigihugu cya Senegali, Koloneli Bagosora yabwiye abaraho barimo jenerali Romeo Dallaire ko umuti wikibazo cyu Rwanda ushoboka ari umwe kandi ko ari ugutsemba abatutsi 50. Umutangabuhamya Mugenzi Richard, washyizeho akanayobora serivisi yo kunviriza radiyo abikorera ingabo zu Rwanda mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Butotori ku Gisenyi kuva mu Ugushyingo 1990 kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994 kandi wavuganaga na bagosora inshuro nyinshi yemeza ko mu nama bwihiushwa yakorewe i Butotori yiyunviye Bagosora agira ati : Abatutsi bafite umugambi wo gutsemba Abahutu ; tugomba kuwuburizamo, kandi kugira ngo tubigereho, tugomba gutsemba inyenzi 51. Perezida Habyarimana yakomeje kotswa igitutu namahanga amusaba gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano yamahoro yasinywe. Umunyamabanga mukuru wumuryango wabibumbye we yageze no ku rwego avugako nibatagira icyo bakora ngo bakure ho imbogamizi zibuza ko ayo masezerano kubahiririzwa azakura ingabo zumuryango wabibumbye mu Rwanda52. Muri mata 1994, ikibazo cyarushijeho gukomera bitera ibihugu bituranye n u Rwanda kugira uruhare mu kibazo bitegura inama yi Dar-es-Salaam yari igamije gushaka igisubizo ku kibazo cyu Rwanda
HRW na FIDH, igitabo bise : Aucun tmoin..., pp.117-139 ; C. Breackman, igitabo yise : Rwanda : Histoireop. cit.,impap.113-120 45 Raporo ya Loni,impap.10-13 46 Ubuhamya yahaye Marie-France Cross wa La Libre Belgique, nomero yasohotse kuwa 24 Gicurasi 1994 47 Romo Dallaire, Igitabo yise : Jai serr la main du diable. La faillite de lhumanit au Rwanda, Libre Expression, Montreal, 2004, impap.225-260 48 HRW naFIDH, mu gitabo bise : Aucun tmoinop. Cit. urup.132 49 Raporo ya Lon, urup.19 50 Snat yUbubiligi, Raporo ya Komisiyo yiperereza yinteko ishinga amategeko ku byabaye mu Rwanda, Buruseli, 1997 ( Raporo ya sena yUbubiligi), urup.79. 51 Ibazwa rya Richard Mugenzi nabagenzacyaha bUrukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ku matariki ya 15 na 19 Gicurasi 1998, no ku matariki ya 15-20 Kamena1998. Inyandiko ya TPIR ihera kuri n K0149480 ikageza kuri K0149503 52 Raporo ya Loni, impap.13-16
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no kwiga ku bibazo bikomeye byari byugarije u Burundi. Perezida Habyarimana yarayitabiriye aniyemeza gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano yamahoro naho intagondwa zirimo abo mu muryango wumugore we zari zakomeye mu butegetsi bwe zari ziyemeje kuyaburizamo zikoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka. Agarutse i Kigali, nibwo indege ye yarashwe ibisasu bibiri byo mu bwoko bwa misile ihita iturikira mu kirere, hanyuma igwa iiwe mu rugo. Igitangaje, mbere yuko inkuru yihanurwa ryindege isakara, Koloneli Bagosora nubwo yari yarafashe ikiruhuko cyiza bukuru mu ngabo, yahise afata ubuyobozi bwa gisivili nubwa gisirikare. Yahise ahamagaza inama yihutirwa mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare. Iyo nama yitabiriwe nabasirikare bakuru bintagondwa; hari na Jenerali Dallaire na Koloneli Luc Marchal, wari komanda wa MINUAR mu karere ka Kigali. Nubwo inama yarimeze nkiyobowe na Jenerali Ndindiliyimana Augustin wari umugaba mukuru wa Jandarumori yigihugu, mu byukuri uwari ku isonga yari Koloneli Bagosora53. Nkuko bisobanurwa na Dallaire, Bagosora yatangarije iyo nama ko ba ofisiye bitabiriye iyo nama bari bafite umugambi wo gufata ubutegetsi : Bagosora yatwifurije ikaze, adusobanurira ko kubera ko Minisitiri wingabo ari hanze yigihugu aho yagiye kwitabira inama ya komite olempike, inteko yabasirikare bakuru nabajandarume bakuru bari muriyi nama niyo ikuriye ingabo na jandarumori yigihugu. Ingabo zagombaga gufata ubuyobozi bwigihugu kubera impamvu zumutekano muke wari watewe nihanurwa ryindege ya perezida 54. Jenerali Dallaire yaburiye abari muri iyo nama ko ingabo niziramuka zifashe ubutegetsi umuryango wabibumbye uribuhite ukura ingabo zawo mu Rwanda. Bagosora yagishije inama Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, intumwa yihariye yumunyamabanga mukuru wumuryango wabibumbye, wamugiriye inama yo gushyiraho guverinoma igizwe nabasivili abivuganyeho na minisitiri wintebe, Agathe Uwilingiyimana ariko Bagosora arabyanga rwose55. Mu mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994, Bagosora yanze kuburyo budasubirwaho ko minisitiri wintebe ageza ijambo ku banyarwanda akoresheje radiyo Rwanda yitwaje ko ari nta cyizere yarafitiwe kandi ko guverinoma ye itavugaga rumwe ku buryo ibibazo byakemurwa56. Mu byukuri, igihe ibyo byose byakorwaga agatsiko kabasirikare bakuru bintagondwa bayobowe na Koloneli Bagosora, barimo bategura gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Minisitiri wintebe yahizwe bukware, aricwa, hakurikiraho kwicwa kwabanyapolitike mu buryo busa nubwa teguwe, bashoboraga gufata ubutegetsi ku buryo bwemewe namategeko barimo Joseph Kavaruganda wari perezida wurukiko rushinzwe kurinda itegeko nshiga akaba ari nawe amategeko yahaga ububasha bwo kurahiza Perezida wa Repubulika wari kujyaho57. Hahise hashyirwaho komite igizwe nabasirikare bakuru bintagondwa. Iyo komite yashyizeho Guverinoma igizwe nabaminisitiri bintagondwa zabahutu58, abahutu batari intagondwa na FPR bayihezwamo, bivuga ko bari bishe amasezerano yamahoro yArusha yerekeye igabana ryubutegetsi. Dallaire abivuga muri aya magambo:
53 54

HRW na FIDH, igitabo bise : Aucun tmoinop. cit. urup.219 R. Dallaire, Igitabo yise : Jai serr la mainop. cit., p.292 ; Raporo ya Carlsson, urup.16 55 HRW, FIDH, igitabo bise : Aucun tmoinop. cit., p.220 ; ibyo Koloneli Bagosora yavuze ubwo yabazwaga numucamanza Bruguire, Arusha muri 2000. 56 Monique Mas, Paris-Kigali, op. cit.,urup. 371 57 Raporo isoza ya komisiyo yimpuguke , op. cit,urup. 26 58 HRW na FIDH, igitabo bise : Aucun tmoinop. cit. impap.219-220 et 223-226

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 Nongeye gutungura Bagosora ubwo nageraga kuri Minisiteri ngasanga ayoboye inama yabanyapolitike bo mu mashyaka atandukanye. Muri bo nabonyemo abanyapolitiki bintagondwa. Yarahagurutse aransuhuza, ahita ambwira ko ayoboye inama yabanyapolitiki bakomoka mu mashyaka atandukanye kugira ngo yihutishe ishyirwaho ryubutegetsi bwa gisivili bugomba gusimbura abasirikare. Byagaragaragako yarafite ipfunwe nikimwaro () ntiyanshakaga muriyo nama. Mbere yuko anyirukana akananfungiraho urugi, yambwiyeko guverinoma nshya izarahira bukeye ku itariki ya 09 Mata59. Guverinoma yabatabazi yashyizweho naba ofisiye bakuru bintagondwa yahise ikora jenoside yAbatutsi yari yarateguwe neza kandi kuva kera, nkuko abanditsi nabashakashatsi benshi babihamije,icyari gisigaye kwari ukuyishyira mu bikorwa60. Urwitwazo rwimbarutso ya jenoside rwabaye ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, umugambi wari warateguwe wiyongeraga ku bindi bikorwa byateguwe harimo gukora urutonde rwabantu bagombaga kwicwa,gushyiraho, gutoza no guha intwaro insoresore zitwaraga gisirikare, gushyiraho politike igamije iterabwoba ku rwego rwigihugu, gukwirakwiza poropagande ishingiye ku moko nibindi bikorwa byateguraga jenoside bitaribihagije byonyine kugira ngo jenoside ishobore gushyirwa mu bikorwa nintagondwa zashoboye gufata ubutegetsi bwa gisivili nubwa gisirikare ku ngufu. Gukora jenoside nubundi bwicanyi byorohejwe nuko kuva FPR yatangira intambara ku 01 Ukwakira 1990, abaturage bari barateguwe ko bagombaga kwitegura kurwana intambara yashojwe numwanzi wabo bose wateye aturutse hanze kandi wumunyamahanga ariwe FPR. Abahutu nabatutsi bagaragaje ko bari barambiwe gutandukira kubutegetsi bwariho61. Nyuma yo kunyura mu mateka muri make, iyi raporo yiperereza igizwe nibice bibiri: kugaraza impamvu nuburyo indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yahanuwe, hanyuma hakagaragazwa ababigizemo uruhare.

IGICE CYA MBERE : UBURYO GUHANURA INDEGE BYATEGUWE NUKO BYASHYIZWE MU BIKORWA
Amakuru ahari agaragaza ko hari gahunda yo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika yateguwe nintagondwa zitanatinyaga kubivuga ku mugaragaro, icyo zitashyize ahagaragara nuburyo buzakoreshwa mu kuyishyira mu bikorwa. Urugendo rwa perezida rwo kwitabira inama y i Dares-Salaam, rwabaye umwanya wari warategerejwe wo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi mubisha no kwegeranya abantu nibintu bikenewe mu kuwurangiza.

59 60

R. Dallaire,mu gitabo yise : Jai serr la main, op. cit.,urup.344 Hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe kuriki kibazo. Muribwo twavuga raporo ya Carlsson (Umuryango wAbibumbye) na OUA, ; C. Braeckman, mu gitabo yise : Rwanda. Histoire dun gnocide, op. cit. ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : Aucun tmoin ne doit survivreop. cit. ; G. Prunier, mu gitabo yise Rwanda 1959-1996, op. cit.,etc. 61 Jean-Claude Willame, igitabo yise Aux sourcesop. cit.,urup.106

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Ishyirwa ahagaragara ryumugambi wo Habyarimana, mbere yihanurwa ryindege ye

kwica

Perezida

Ibimenyetso bya mbere byumugambi wo guhitana Habyarimana byatangiye kugaragara kuva muri 1992 akimara guha Minisitiri wIngabo, James Gasana amabwiriza yo gushyira mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru, bamwe mu bari bakomeye mu ngabo no muri jandarumori yigihugu barimo abagaba bakuru bombi, uwingabo, nuwa jandarumori Laurent Serubuga na Pierre Celestin Rwagafilita ndetse na ba koloneli Bonaventure Buregeya, wari umukuru wumutekano wigihugu akaba numuvandimwe wumugore wa Perezida62. Iki cyemezo cyatumye abasirikare bakuru byarebaga bibumbira mu ishyirahamwe ryabanjirije iryAMASASU ryiswe ABARUHARANIYE63 riyobowe na Koloneli Serubuga ; iryo shyirahamwe ryarwanyije ivangwa ryingabo zimpande zombi nigikorwa cyari giteganyijwe cyo gusezerera bamwe mu ngabo zu Rwanda64. Minisitiri wIngabo, James Gasana, yahungiye mu mahanga amaze kumenya ko bashaka kumwica65.

Inkuru yatanzwe nabayobozi ba Hutu power

Kuva mu ntangiriro za 1994, amagambo yavuzwe mu ruhame, yandikwa mu binyamakuru byindagondwa zimpuzamugambi ziharanira repubulika (CDR) zirimo Hassan Ngeze, wari umwanditsi mukuru wikinyamakuru Kangura byahanuraga ko Perezida Habyarimana azapfa mu kwezi kwa gatatu 1994 bivuga ko uzamwica azaba ari umuhutu ukorera Abatutsi. Muri nomero yacyo idasanzwe 53 yasohotse mu Kuboza 1993, Ikinyamakuru Kangura cyari gifite interuro yingenzi ku rupapuro rwacyo rwa mbere igira iti: Habyarimana azapfa muri werurwe 1994 iyo nkuru kandi yavugaga ko azicirwa mu birori bifitanye isano nidini cyangwa se mu nama mpuzamahanga ikomeye: cyagiraga kiti : Mu mezi atatu ashize, twanditse dushyira ahagaragara imigambi mibisha yacurwaga kandi yihishe mu mitwe yabantu bamwe, imwe muri iyo migambi iranditse, ibindi byarateguwe ariko ababiteguye ntibabonye uburyo babikora. Mu kwezi gushize twabonye ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza uburyo Perezida Habyarimana azicwa. Ntabwo azicwa numututsi ahubwo azicwa numuhutu waguzwe nabatutsi. Twagerageje kugenzura ibikubiye muri ayo makuru twitonze, turayasesengura dusanga uwo mugambi umaze igihe kirekire uteguwe ariko ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo ritazoroha kuko abawuteguye batinya ingaruka zawo() perezida Habyarimana azicwa mu buryo bukurikira : 1. Kurasirwa mu misa ;
C. Braeckman, igitabo yise Rwanda : Histoireop. cit.,impap.169-170 ; G. Prunier, igitabo yise Rwandaop. cit.,urup.267 63 Bisobanura abarwaniye igihugu 64 Document MINUAR, A lattention du Commandant KIBAT, Info S3, Kigali, le 16 fvrier 1994 ; J. Morel et G. Kapler, La note du 27 juillet 1992 sur ltat desprit des militaires et de la population civile , in La Nuit Rwandaise, op. cit., p.105 65 Tmoignage du Capitaine Bwanakweri Isidore, ancien secrtaire au ministre rwandais de la dfense de 1992 1994, recueilli par le Comit Rilima, le 12 juin 2008
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2. Kurasirwa mu nama ikomeye azaba yahuriyemo nabayobozi bagenzi be. Perezida Habyarimana azaraswa numusirikare uzaba yarasezerewe mu ngabo hashingiwe ku masezerano yamahoro yArusha. Uwo muntu azaba ari umuhutu waguzwe ninyenzi. Impamvu izashyirwa ahagaragara mu gusobonura impamvu yayo mahano izaba ifitanye isano no kwidoga kwabasirikare babonagako imbaraga bakoresheje mu ntambara barengera igihugu zitahawe agaciro. Ubwo bwicanyi Ntabwo buzamaganwa bikomeye kuko inyenzi zacengeye inzego zacu ziperereza zirimo na jandarumori. Ingabo zacu nazo ntizizarakazwa nicyo gikorwa. Bamwe muri bo bazavuga ko Perezida Habyarimana ariwe wizize kubera gushaka kubahiriza ibyinyenzi zishaka namasezerano yo kuziha ibyo zidakwiye. Aya makuru tuyakesha inzego zizewe() nta muntu numwe ukunda Habyarimana kurusha uko yikunda, icyo twe tugamije nukumuburira ko azapfa. Izo nyandiko mpuruza zikinyamakuru Kangura zajyanaga ninyigisho zatangwaga nintagondwa zabahutu zari zegereye ubutegetsi zitatinyaga kuvuga ku mugaragaro ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa. Ibyo byatangaza abantu basanzwe bunvaga amagambo nkayo yavugwaga ku mugaragaro badatinya ubutegetsi. 1er Sergent Bimenyimana Appolinaire, umusirikare mu ngabo z u Rwanda muri 1994, yemeza ko kuwa 04 Werurwe 1994, yumvise Ngeze ubwo yari kumwe na Simbizi Stanislas avuga mu ruhame ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa mu minsi ya vuba, dore uko abivuga : Kuwa 04 Werurwe 1994, nari mu kabare kitwa Devinire kari munsi ya Camp Kigali, hafi yikigo cya ONATRACOM. Narindimo nkurikira umupira wamaguru igihe habaga amarushanwa yigikombe cyibihugu byAfurika. Hassan ngeze, wari aho mu kabare ari kumwe na Simbizi Stanislas yaratubwiye ati : Murabizi ? Perezida Habyarimana azicwa. Twari benshi twabyunvaga aho twareberaga umupira. Nta numwe wagize icyo asubiza kuri ayo magambo kuko twese twagizengo arashaka kumva ikituvamo kugirango amenye aho duhagaze, abantu batinye kugira icyo bavuga. Twari tuzi ko ari umuntu wegereye ubutegetsi kandi twari tunazi ko ari nkubwiyahuzi ku muntu uwariwe wese wari aho kugira icyo avuga kirebana nibyo Ngeze yaramaze kuvuga.66. Appolinaire Bimenyimana yavuze ko Stanislas Simbizi yashyigikiye cyane ibyo ngeze Hassan avuga ko Perezida wa Repubulika yagambaniye revolisoyo yo 1959, kuko amasezerano ya Arusha azagira ingaruka mbi ku byo revolisiyo yari yarazanye. Simbizi yari umuyobozi ushinzwe ibyindege muri minisiteri yubwikorezi nitumanaho yari ifite ikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe mu nshingano zayo. Ni Simbizi wahise afata ubuyobozi bwikibuga kuva ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege afatanyije nabajepe67. Simbizi
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, Kuwa 13 Kamena 2008. Undi mu ofisiye mu ngabo zu Rwanda zo zicyo gihe, Kapiteni Nsengiyumva Thogne, yavuze ko imikoranire hagati ya Ngeze Hassan na Simbizi yari myiza kandi ko Simbizi yabaga afite amakuru ava mu gisirikare mu nzego ziperereza (i biganiro yagiranye na Komite i Gako, kuwa 19 Kamena 2008). 67 Ubuhamya bwabakozi bo ku Kibuga bari ku kazi ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 ushyira uwa 07 Mata 1994, barimo Komanda wikibuga, Cyprien Sindano numugenzuzi wikirere Patrice Munyaneza.
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wakomokaga muri Komini ya Kinigi, perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, yari umuyoboke ukomeye wa CDR akaba numwe mu bagize biro politike yayo ku rwego rwigihugu kandi yari kwisonga ryicyitwa Groupe dinitiative en faveur des sinistrs de guerre cyashishikarizaga abavanywe mu byabo nintambara kwanga FPR bayirega ngo ko ishaka gushyiraho igihugu cyAbatutsi bitaga Tutsi homeland mu Rwanda babifashijwemo na Perezida Museveni umugambi wabo ari ugushyiraho igihugu gituwe nubwoko bumwe gusa bwAbatutsi, bakacyirukanamo Abahutu kugirango bagabanye ibintu byabo Abatutsi bavuye mu mahanga aho baba ku isi hose68. Uretse kuba yari intagondwa kuburyo bugaragara, Stanislas Simbizi, yari azwi nkumuntu ujijutse ukunda kuba ari kumwe nabayobozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Francois Misser yanditse ko Simbizi yanenze perezida Habyarimana muri Nzeri 1992 kuba yarafashije abacuruzi bAbatutsi mbere yintambara yo mu kwezi k Ukwakira kandi ko ayo mahirwe bahawe yatumye babona amafaranga yo gutera inkunga urugamba rwa FPR . Nkuko Misser abivuga, icyo gihe Simbizi ntiyagiraga ikibazo cyo kwita uko korohereza abacuruzi babatutsi, ubugambanyi ashaka kwamagana ruswa yari mu buyobozi bwariho69. Ibyo byose bimaze kuvugwa bigaragaza umwanya Simbizi yari afite mu ntagondwa nubushobozi yarafite bwo kubona amakuru yizewe akomoka murizo nzego yahanuraga iyicwa rya perezida mbere yitariki ya 06 Mata 1994. Muri Gashyantare 1994, ikindi kinyamakuru cyegereye abambari ba Hutu power, cyitwaga La Mdaille Nyiramacibiri, muri nomero yacyo ya 5, cyavugaga ko intambara igiye gutera yinkundura itazasiga numwe, cyagiraga kiti : ninde uzarokoka intambara yo muri werurwe ?() abaturage bazivumbagatanya babifashijwemo ningabo kandi amaraso menshi azameneka . Kuwa 03 Mata 1994, kuri radiyo RTLM, umunyamakuru Noheli Hitimana, yatangaje ko hagiye kuba akantu kagombaga kurangizwa nigitero simusiga cyagombaga kuba mu matariki yo hagati ya 03-08 Mata 1994. Hitimana Noel yavuze ko ako kantu kazakorwa na FPR anongeraho ko ingabo zu Rwanda zizahita zihimura ako kanya kandi zikoresheje ingufu nyinshi : Yagize ati mu byukuri, FPR yakagombye gucisha make. Abakozi bacu batugezaho amakuru, batubwirako ku itariki ya 03, iya 04 niya 05ko hano i Kigali, mu mujyi wa Kigali hagomba kuba akantu. Ndetse no ku itariki ya 07, niya 08. Muzumva urusaku rwamasasu cyangwa se za gerenade ziturika. Nizeye ko ingabo zu Rwanda ziri maso. [] bitabaye ibyo, gufata Kigali, turabizi, turabizi. Bitegerejwe ko hazaba akantu ku matariki ya 03, 04, niya 05 i Kigali, kandi kazakomeza, uretse ku itariki ya 06 hazaba ikiruhuko. Ku itariki ya 07 niya munani, bazashoza ikintu kidasanzwe bakoresheje amasasu na za gerenade. Ukuri ni uko hari igitero simusiga barimo bategura. Bajya bagira bati : igihe tuzashobora gukora akantu kazahungabanya umujyi hazakurikiraho igitero simusiga. Itariki bizaberaho ntabwo umpa amakuru yari yayimbwira, ntiyari

Urwandiko Simbizi Stanislas wari Perezida wa Groupe dinitiative en faveur des sinistrs de guerre, yandikiye nyakubahwa Umunyabanga Mukuru wa Loni, Kigali, Kuwa 04 werurwe1993. 69 Fr. Misser. Igitabo yise Vers un nouveau Rwandaop. cit., pp. 85-86

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yayimbwira [] ibyo bizatuma ingabo zigihugu zirakara, hanyuma zivuge ziti : ibyo byose nabatututsi babiduteza70. Valrie Bemeriki, mubyara wa Bagosora akaba numunyamakuru wa RTLM, yemeza ko muri werurwe 1994 yamenye ko byashobokaga ko Habyarimana yakwicwa, ariko ko atamenye aho ayo makuru yavuzwe na mugenzi we bakoranaga kuri Radiyo Noel Hitimana yaba yaravuye nuwaba yara yatanze: yagize ati ayo makuru nayabwiwe na depite Mukangwije Astrie, wakomokaga muri MRND, kandi wajyaga mu mishyikirano aho yajyaga guhararira ishyaka rye. Yakoranaga na Matayo Ngirumpatse. Niwe wambwiye ko hari umugambi wo kwica perezida Habyarimana 71. Liyetona Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge wari maneko muri perezidansi ya Repubulika kuva 1988 kugeza 1994, hanyuma akaza kuba maneko wa koloneli Sagatwa Elie, wari umunyamabanga wihariye wa perezida wa Repubulika, yavuzeko umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana watangiye guhwihwiswa kuva muri Gashyantare 1994, bituruka ku ishyirahamwe AMASASU ryarwanyaga imishyikirano namasezerano yamahoro yArusha, dore uko abivuga: Kuva kuwa 26 Gashyantare 1994, nibwo amakuru arebana no kwica Perezida Habyarimana yatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara buhoro buhoro. Impamvu mvuga iyi tariki nuko, uwo munsi Colonel Sagatwa yampamagaye nkumusirikare wari ushinzwe gukora iperereza ampa akazi ko kujya kuneka abasirikare ngo menye niba gufunga bamwe mu bantu bakomeye harimo naba ofisiye byagira ingaruka mbi. Narabaririje nza kumenya ko aba komanda bimitwe yihariye ya gisirikare bose bari muri ako gatsiko kifuzaga guhirika leta, ari Mpiranya, Neretse, Nubaha nabandi. Abo basirikare bashakaga kwica Nsabimana bahimbaga izina rya Castar, ariko babonye ukuntu yarazwi cyane kandi akunzwe nabasirikare nabandi bo hanze, babaye baretse kumufunga. Batekereje ubundi buryo bwo kotsa igitutu ubutegetsi, nuko baha Hassan Ngeze amafaranga banamusomera inkuru yagombaga kwandika irebana nuko kwicwa kwa perezida byari byegereje. Ntabwo ari Ngeze Hassan wahimbye ayo makuru, nabasirimkare bakuru bayamuhaye kugirango ayasohore mu kinmyamakuru cye kugira ngo babone uko abaturage babyakira. Ayo makuru yavuye mu nzego ziperereza rya gisirikare,ahabwa Ngeze, ngo ayandike muri Kangura72 .

Amakuru yari azwi mu Ngabo z u Rwanda

Abasirikare bahoze mu ngabo zari izu Rwanda mbere ya 1994, bemeza ko amakuru avuga ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa yakundaga kuvugwa nabasirikare bakomoka ku Gisenyi no mu Ruhengeri iyo babaga baganira na bagenzi babo kandi ko ayo makuru inzego ziperereza zo
Gabriel Peris na David Servenay, mu gitabo bise Une guerre noire. Enqute sur les origines du gnocide rwandais (1959-1994), Paris, La Dcouverte, 2007, pp.262-266 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise : Aucun tmoin, pp.213-214 71 Ubuhamya bwahawe Komisiyo y u Rwanda yigenga ishinzwe kugaragaza uruhare rwUbufaransa muri Jenoside yAbatutsi, Kigali, Kuwa 27 ukwakira 2006 72 Ubuhamya bwahawe Komisiyo y u Rwanda yashinzwe gukora iperereza ku ruhare Ubufaransa bwagize muri Jenoside yAbatutsi yabaye mu Rwanda muri 1994, Kigali, kuwa 15 Werurwe 2007
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muri perezidansi zayahaye agaciro kayo. Abakozi bakoraga ku ndege Falcon 50 nabo bari baramenye ayo makuru kandi bari baragaragaje ko bahangayikishijwe nayo. Koloneli Habimana Pierre Claver, wari major mu ngabo zu Rwanda icyo gihe, yagize ati : ibihuha birebana nimigambi yo kuzica perezida byaravugwaga haba mu gisirikare cyangwa mu banya politike, ariko sinashoboye kumenya aho ayo makuru aturuka nagaciro kayo. Icyo nakwemeza nuko ayo makuru yavugwaga73. Major Bernard Ntuyahaga, ubwo yabazwaga nabagenzacyaha bo mu rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda yemeye ko ayo makuru yavugwaga, yagize ati: Perezida Habyarimana yanze kujya kwitabira umuhango wo gushyingura Melchior Ndadaye kuberako yashoboraga kwicwa muri urwo rugendo 74. Twagirayezu Innocent, wari umwe mu barindaga Perezida Habyarimana yasobanuye mu buryo burambuye ubwo bwoba bwuko habyarimana azicwa. Yagize ati Twe twari dushinzwe ku murinda, urupfu rwa Habyarimana ntirwadutunguye. Ndibuka ko ubwo mugenzi we wo muri Cte dIvoire, Houphout Boigny, yapfaga, Perezida Habyarimana yari yateguye kujya mu mihango yo kumushyingura. Ku munota wa nyuma yabonye amakuru yavugaga ko indege ye yashoboraga guhanurwa cyangwa se ko yashoboraga guhura nibindi bibazo, aramutse agiyeyo, yahise areka kugenda yohereza intumwa 75. Senkeri Salathiel, undi mujepe wari mu bashinzwe kurinda umutekano wa Perezida mu nama y i Dar-es- Salaam nawe yibuka amakuru yavugaga ko hari umugambi wo kwica Perezida nuburyo yaretse kujya muri Cte dIvoire ku munota wa nyuma atinya ko yakwicwa : Nkumuntu wari ushinzwe kurinda Perezida wa Repubulika, nahawe amakuru yavugaga ko indege ya Perezida yashoboraga guhanurwa ivuye muri Cte dIvoire. Hari hasigaye nkamezi atatu ngo indege ye ihanurwe ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994. Mwongereza Evariste, nawe wari umusirikare wo mu mutwe urinda Perezida, yemeza ko ayo makuru yarazwi kandi ko hari harafashwe ingamba zidasanzwe zo kurinda Perezida: Umusirikare twakoranaga witwaga Ntarindwa Gaspard yambwiye ko hari amakuru yavugagako bishoboka ko perezida Habyarimana yakwicwa. Ntarindwa yansobanuriye ko ubwo yari yaherekeje Perezida Habyarimana agiye kumucungira umutekano mu rugo rwe ku Gisenyi igihe yakiriye Booh-Booh. Booh- Booh yamubwiye ko agomba gufata ingamba nshya zo kwirinda kuko yari afite amakuru yavugaga ko yashoboraga kwicwa. Ni nako byagenze kuko kuva uwo munsi, ingamba nshya zo kurinda umutekano wa Perezida zarafashwe. Abasirikare bo mu mutwe warushinzwe kurinda Perezida bashyizwe ku kazi ku muhanda, kuva ku icumbi rya Perezida ryi Kanombe kugera mu mujyi rwagati bambaye imyenda ya gisivili. Abandi bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare bagenderaga mu mamodoka bazengurukaga bagenzura ahantu Perezida wa Repubulika

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Ubuhamya bwahawe Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 25 Kamena 2008 Ibazwa rya Bernard Ntuyahaga, inyandiko yubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bw Ububiligi (reba imigereka yiyo Raporo) 75 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komit i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008

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yakundaga kunyura76. Ikindi, inzego ziperereza zAbabiligi zari zarabonye ko mu minsi irenga cumi nitanu mbere yihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, Habyarimana yakundaga kuba aherekejwe numuntu ukomeye wumunyarwanda cyangwa se 77 wumunyamahanga . Furayide Jean-Paul, wari serija mu ngabo zu Rwanda, akaba yarabaga mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali (Camp Kigali) nawe yatubwiye amakuru yakuraga mu basirikare bintagondwa yavugaga ku rupfu rwa perezida wa repubulika, yagize ati : Mbere gato yihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, abasirikare bakomokaga ku Gisenyi no mu Ruhengeri () bari bafite umuco wo kwigamba mu kigo, bavuga ko Perezida azapfa vuba, ko azahanuka mu giti i cyangwa akamanikwa nkimbwa. Sergent-Major RUHAMANYA, twabanaga mu cyumba kandi wakoraga mwishami ry iperereza, yari umwe muri abo basirikare batubwiraga amakuru arebana nuko Perezida agiye gupfa. Wabonaga yizeye ibyo yatubwiraga, ntibyagaragaraga ko ari ukwirarira kudafite aho gushingiye () hari igihe nko mu minsi 02 cyangwa 03 mbere yihanurwa ryindege ye, ako gatsiko kabasirikare katangaje ko Perezida yapfuye. Sergent Harerimana, wari komanda wikimodoka cya gisirikare cyo mu bwoko bwa Char H90, yari umwe mu bakekwagaho gushyira uwo mugambi mu bikorwa ku buryo bugaragara.Undi wabivugaga yari umuserija ntibuka amazina, bahimbaga izina rya Kwetuna CDR78 . Gasana Jean-Marie Vianney, wari mu mutwe wabaparakomando mu kigo cya gisirikare cyi Kanombe, yari mu mutwe wihariye witwaga CRAP79, wari waratojwe nabafaransa, yabwiye komite ko nawe yari azi amakuru yavugaga ko Perezida Habyarimana yagombaga gupfa mu minsi ya vuba, yagize ati : Mu byukuri twari tuzi ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa. Icyo tutari tuzi numuntu wagombaga kumwica, ariko twari tuzi ko urupfu rwe rwari rwarateguwe. Abasirikare bintagondwa baregaga Habyarimana ko abera Abatutsi. Binubiraga ko mu gihe cy imishyikirano yArusha, yafataga uruhande rwAbatutsi babaga hanze yigihugu akabashyigikira mu byifuzo byabo byo gushaka gutaha nta mananiza. Bongeragaho ko nintumwa zoherejwe nawe mu mishyikirano zakoraga nkibyo nawe yakoraga. Baheraga kuri ibyo birego bamuregaga hanyuma bakavuga ko bagomba gufata ubutegetsi bwe ku ngufu. Murumva ko urupfu rwe rutadutunguye80. Abandi basirikare benshi bo mu ngabo z u Rwanda zo hambere, cyane cyane ababarizwaga mu mu kigo cy i Kanombe, babajijwe na Komite aho yabasanze hatandukanye mu gihugu, babwiye
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Muhanga, Kuwa 12 Nzeri 2008. Kamana Franois, wari umwe mu basirikare babungabungaga umutekano wa perezida Habyarimana yatanze amakuru asa nayatanzwe na Mwongereza (ibazwa ryabereye i Rwamagana, kuwa 21 Nzeri 2008). 77 B. VAN LIJSEBETH, Umuyobozi Mukuru wUrwego rwUmutekano rwUbubiligi, Ibaruwa yandikiye Bwana Minisitiri wUbutegetsi bwIgihugu, Bruxelles, kuwa 2 Ukuboza 1994. Impamvu : Association AMASASU 78 Ibazwa ryakozwe nabagenza cyaha bUrukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwagenewe u Rwanda, Kigali, Kuwa 14 Kanama 1998 79 Commandos dAction et de Recherche en Profondeur 80 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, Kuwa 29 Gashyantare 2008
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komite ko gahunda yo kwica Perezida Habyarimana no gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu yari ihari kandi ko yavugwaga cyane cyane mu mezi atatu yabanjirije, ihanurwa ryindege. Serija Muhutu Corneille yagize ati : Ayo makuru arebana no gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu yaravuzwe mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Bavugaga ko Major Ntabakuze yateguraga guhirika ubutegetsi akoresheje batayo yaba para commando. Ibyo byavugwaga mbere yuko indege ihanurwa byari nko mu kwezi kwa kabiri ngereranyije81. Nkeshumpatse Callixte, wari Kaporali muri batayo yabaparakomando yunze mu rya mugenzi we agira ati : Habayeho ibihuha mu ngabo byavugaga ko Bagosora yashakaga gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu akuyeho Perezida, narabyunvise82. Mugenzi we witwa Sengendo Vnuste nawe yumvise ibisa nabyo : Ndagira ngo mbabwire akandi kantu gato. Mu mezi atatu mbere yihanurwa ryindege, bamwe mu basirikare bahwihwisaga ko Habyarimana azaraswa, ko hari umugambi mubisha wo guhanura indege ye ko ariyo mpamvu yajyaga hanze mu ibanga, bavugaga ko ari Habyarimana watubujije kwica abatutsi no gutsemba inyenzi. Bangaga ko habaho kuvanga ingabo zimpande zombi, ngo ko bizakorwa nyuma yurupfu rwe. Bavugaga ko Bagosora nabafaransa bari bafite umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana. Bavugaga ko napfa, bashobora kwica Abatutsi, gukora jenoside83. Ubwo buhamya bwose bwuzuzanya nurwandiko ruri mu rwego rwinyandiko zibanga rwanditswe kuwa 27 Nyakanga 1992, rwandikiwe umugaba mukururu wingabo zahoze arizu Rwanda rwanditswe na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, wari ukuriye inzego ziperereza rya gisikare. Mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ko adashyigikiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryamasezerano yArusha arebana no kuvanga ingabo zimpande zombi ni ukuvuga, ingabo zahoze ariz u Rwanda nizahoze ari iz umutwe wa FPR, Koloneli Nsengiyumva yanditse avuga ko biramutse bigenze bityo, ingabo z u Rwanda zari ziteguye gutsemba Abatutsi () nabandi bayobozi bacu bagize uruhare mu guteza ibyo bibazo () bazihorera ku basirikare bakuru bazaba baremereye abasivili gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bashaka batabagoye . Muriyo nyandiko, Koloneli Nsengiyumva yashimangiye ko abasirikare bunvaga muri bo ko Minisitiri wintebe, Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga, Boniface Ngulinzira, na Perezida wa Repubulika ubwe barababeshye. Mu magambo yarasobanutse, Koloneli Nsengiyumva, yaburiye Perezida Habyarimana amwereka ibyashoboraga ku mubaho muri aya magambo :Niba uwo mu perezida atarengeye abantu be, natava mu byarimo vuba [] azisanga ari wenyine() Niba umukuru wigihugu adashaka inshingano ze akarengera igihugu , azegure abandi babibkore 84. Mu buryo budafifitse, Koloneli Bagosora yavugiye mu muhango wabereye muri Hoteli Meridien i Kigali kuwa 04 Mata 1994 ko atemera amasezerano yamahoro yasinyiwe Arusha kandi ko atemera ko Habyarimana ajya i Dar-es- Salaam aho yagombaga kujya kwemeza ko agiye kuyashyira mu bikorwa ku buryo budasubirwaho. Koloneli Bagosora yongeyeho ko Perezida Habyarimana azahanurwa mu ndege ye kandi ko urupfu rwe ruzakurikirwa nitsembabwoko

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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, Kuwa 14 Gicurasi 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 04 Mata 2008 83 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 06 Kamena 2008 84 Jacques Morel et Georges Kapler, inyandiko yo kuwa 27 Nyakanga 1992 igaragaza imyitwarire y abasirikare nabasivili mu gitabo bise : La Nuit Rwandaise, Nomero ya 2, yo kuwa 7 Mata 2008, p.105

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ryAbatutsi. Aya makuru yatanzwe na Jenerali Major Laurent Munyakazi mu rubanza rwe, yanditswe mu myanzuro yimikirize yurwo rubanza mu buryo bukurikira: Kuwa 11 Nzeri 2006, urubanza rwatangiye urikiko rusaba Jenerali Major Laurent Munyakazi gusobanura amagambo yavuze ubwo yavugaga ko imyitwarire ya Koloneli Bagosora niya liyetona Koloneli Renzaho yasaga niyinterahamwe. Jenerali Major Munyakazi yasobanuye ko ku itariki ya 04 Mata 1994, Koloneli Bagosora wari umuyobozi wibiro bya minisitiri wingabo, ubwo bari mu muhango wo kwiyakira wari wabereye muri Hotel Meridien, yavuze amagambo akomeye cyane yagaragaza ko yateguraga gutsemba Abatutsi. Icyo gihe, Bagosora yavuze ko atemeraga amasezerano yarusha ndetse ko atabonaga impamvu yayo ngo nubwo yari yarashyizweho umukono na perezida wa repubulika na FPR. Yavuze ko atashakaga ko Perezida wa Repubulika ajya muri Tanzaniya kandi ko indege azagendamo izaraswa. Amaze kumva ayo magambo yavuzwe na Bagosora , Jenarali Major Munyakazi nkumuofisiye wa jandarumeri wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, yafashe icyemezo cyo gukora raporo mwibanga hanyuma ayiha Umugaba Mukuru wa Jandarumori amumenyesha ko hariho hategurwa ubwicanyi buzibasira Abatutsi, ndetse ko hanategurwaga kuzarasa indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika. Jenerali Major Munyakazi yabwiye urukiko ko iyo raporo yageze kuri Sagatwa akamuhamagara kuri telefoni amusaba kuza gusobanura ibyayo muri perezidansi. Agezeyo, Jenerali Major Munyakazi yibwiye Perezida Habyarimana, amagambo yunvise mu ruhame avuzwe na Koloneli Bagosora. Perezida Habyarimana yamubajije niba hari uwundi mu ofisiye mukuru waba yarabyunvise Jenerali Major Munyakazi amusubiza ko liyetona -Koloneli Nzabanita bahimbaga Dictionnaire yabyunvise kandi ko yabihamya. Perezida Habyarimana yamusubije ko nawe ayo makuru yari yayabwiwe ariko amusaba kutagira undi muntu abibwira yaba umu ofisiye wo mu ngabo cyangwa se muri Jandarumori 85.

Amakuru yari azwi na Perezida Habyarimana ubwe n'abanyamahanga

Umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana wari uzwi na Perezida ubwe ndetse nabanyamahanga. Ubwo yatangaga ubuhamya imbere ya komisiyo ya Sena yababiligi, Johann Scheers, wari inshuti akaba numujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana mu bijyanye namategeko, kandi wakomukoreraga dipolomasi iziguye yabwiye Sena ko muri Gashyantare 1994, Habyarimana yamubwiye ko aramutse avuye mu gihugu, yakwicwa86. Johann Scheers yabwiye Sena ko Perezida Habyarimana yari yaramuhishuriye iryo banga mu Kuboza 1993 ubwo yidogaga avuga ko atakibona inkunga ivuye ibwami, kuva aho umwami Baudouin wUbubiligi yatangiye. Johann Scheers yavuze ko ibyo yabishyikirije ababishinzwe mu ngoro y i bwami i Buruseli, hanyuma igikomangoma Philippe kigategura kubonana na Habyarimana i Yamousoukro kuwa 07 Gashyantare 1994, ahagomboga kubera umuhango wo gushyingura Houphouet Boigny, wari Perezida wa Cte dIvoire.
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Urukiko rwa Gisikare rwa Nyamirambo, dosiye n RP/GEN/0002/0/TM RMP1515/S1/AM/KGL/IKT/97 Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare buregwamo Jenerali Major Laurent Munyakazi na Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka, urup.78 86 Ibazwa rya Bwana. Scheers, 24 Kamena 1997 (Raporo ya Sena y u Bubiligi,urup.653)

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Nkuko Johann Scheers abivuga, Perezida Habyarimana yanze ubutumire ku munota wa nyuma kubera impamvu zumutekano we : Naramubwiye nti, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika nizeye ko ushobora kuba ufite impamvu zikomeye kuko ntari bushobore kubisobanura. Nibwo yansubije agira ati : mfite impungenge ko hari icyambaho ndamutse mvuye mu gihugu87. Muri Werurwe 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yabwiye Johann Scheers ko indege ye yashoboraga kuraswa : Ndagira ngo mbabwire ko igihe navuganye kuri telefoni na Habyarimana, yanyibwiriye ko yari asigaye atinya gukora ingendo mu ndege kubera impamvu zumutekano we kuko yatinyaga ko indege ye yashoboraga kuraswa igihe cyo guhaguruka cyangwa cyo kugwa 88 . Abasirikare bababiligi bakoraga mu byubutwererane bwa gisirikare bari mu kazi mu Rwanda bari bafite amakuru yikintu kidasanzwe cyashoboraga kuba, icyo kintu cyashoboraga kuba gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu byagombaga kuba ari uko bafashe cyangwa bishe Perezida wa Repubulika. 1er Sergent Beyens Marc wari mu Rwanda kuva kuwa 01 Nyakanya 1993 kugeza muri Mata 1994, akora mu rwego rwubutwererane bwa gisirikare mu kigo cya Bigogwe yagize ati : Kubera akazi nakoraga, navuganaga buri gihe nuwayoboraga agatsiko kavugwa ahangaha ariwe adjudant-chef Nemeyabahizi. Ibyumweru bike mbere yuko Perezida agabwaho igitero yavuze ko kubwe hari agahenge ko kwibazwaho () ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu mbere yuko perezida araswa, ako gatsiko kabonye amabwiriza yavuye hejuru agasaba kwirinda no kwihisha. Bagombaga gucukura imyobo. Bari biteze icyagombaga kuba. Bari barakaye cyane. Twunvaga ko hari ikintu cyagombaga kuba 89. Ayo makuru yari azwi ninzego ziperereza za Perezida Mobutu ahagana mu mpera za Werurwe 1994. Mobutu yatelefonnye mu rugo kwa Habyarimana ariko ntibashobora kuvugana nawe kuko Habyarimana atari ahari. Mobutu yabwiye umugore wa Habyarimana ko hategurwaga kurasa indege yumugabo we kandi ko yagombaga kuraswa ataha ava muri Tanzaniya, anamusaba ko atajyayo. Aya makuru yatanzwe numugore wa Habyarimana ubwe, ku mugoroba wumunsi indege yahanuriweho ubwo yitabaga telefone ya perezida wUbufaransa Francois Mitterand yo kumwihanganisha mu kababaro. Umutangabuhamya Jean Birara yabivuze muri aya magambo : Mu mpera za Werurwe (kuwa 30 cyangwa 31), Perezida MOBUTU yaterefonnye mu rugo kwa HABYALIMANA, asanze Perezida adahari, yavuganye na Agatha H. amubwira ko hari umugambi wo kwica umugabo we kandi ko wagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa avuye i Dar-es- Salaam. Na none, inzego zipereza zingabo z u Burundi zari zifite abazihaga amakuru benshi mu kigo cyi Kanombe zasabye Perezida wu Burundi kwirinda kujyana na Perezida w u Rwanda mu ngendo kuberako mu kwezi kwa kane yashoboraga kuraswa. Umugore wa Habyarimana ashobora kuba yarabibwiye SAGATWA Elie, Koloneli wari ushinzwe umutekano wa Perezida akaba na musaza wa
87 88

J. Scheers, ibidem J. Scheers, ubuhamya yatanze imbere yumucamanza Damien Vandermeersch, kuwa 08 Ukwakira 1997 89 Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwUbubiligi, Ibazwa rya Beyens Marc muri dosiye n 02.02545n/94/C8, kuwa 18 Gicurasi 1994

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Agatha Habyarimana ari nawe Agatha yashakaga ko ya musimbura. Sagatwa niba yarabisabwe yaba yarabyanze nubwo atabibwiye shebuja. Ibi byose Agatha yabibwiye Mitterrand ubwo yatelefonaga ahagana 21 :30 ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 agamije guhumuriza umuryango no kuwubwira ko yifatanyije nawo mu kababaro90 Urwandiko rwanditswe kuwa 02 ukuboza 1994 numuyobozi mukuru wumutekano wububiligi ruvuga ko abari bagize ishyirahamwe ryitwaga AMASASU bari baraburiye perezida Habyarimana ko igikorwa cyo gusinya amasezerano y Arusha ko kizafatwa nkigikorwa cyintege nke ku ruhande rwe kandi ko kizamuviramo kuvutswa ubuzima91. Umugore wumuderevu windege Falcon 50, Jacky Hraud, we yavuze ko abakozi bakoraga ku ndege ya Habyarimana bari bazi amakuru yavugaga ko hari umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana kandi wagombaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu byumweru byabanjirije ihanurwa ryindege. Ubwo yabazwaga numwanditsi wumufaransa Sbastien Spitzer, Madamu Hraud yamubwiye ko umugabo we yamubwiraga ko hari amakuru yavugaga ko hari intagondwa zabahutu zitashakaga ko Habyarimana agira na kimwe arekurira abo bashyikiranaga() ntibashakaga ko yagira agace kubutegetsi ako ariko kose yarekurira FPR . Sebastien Spitzer yongeyeho ko Madamu Hraud yamubwiye ko umugabo we yumvise ibihuha byinshi bimwe muri byo bivuga umugambi wo kugaba igitero cyashoboraga kwibasira indege yatwaraga yari indege ya Perezida w u Rwanda Juvnal Habyarimana92. Jean-Berchmans Birara, wahoze ari Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y u Rwanda kandi wavuganaga ku buryo bworoshye kandi buhoraho nabayobozi bakuru bingabo zu Rwanda cyane cyane abasirikare bakuru bakomokaga muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi nkawe, yavuze ko yabonye amakuru yizewe ayabwiwe numusirikare mukuru amubwirako ko ku itariki ya 04 Mata 1994, hari ibintu bikomeye byategurwaga kandi ko nawe atari yizeye ko mu cyumweru kimwe azaba akiri muzima 93. Birara yongeyeho ko mu mezi nkabiri yari arangiye, uwo musirikare bose bavuga ko ari Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias waguye mu ndege94, yari yaramweretse urutonde rwabantu 1500 bagombaga kwicwa mu mujyi wa Kigali : za lisiti zarakozwe, izizwi nizireba Kigali kandi byemewe na Perezida wa Repubulika. Batangije abantu 60, hanyuma ku itariki ya 20 gashyantare 1994, bari bamaze kugera ku bantu 1.500. Inshuro eshatu zose, ubwicanyi bwarahagaritswe cyangwa barabusubika kubera ko NSABIMANA wari umugaba mukuru wingabo yabirwanyije. Yabimbwiye ku itariki ya 20 Gashyantare1994 ananyereka urutonde ntakuka 95 . Jean Berchmans Birara anavuga ko aya makuru yayahaye za ambassades zibihugu

Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwi Buruseli, Imigerekaku nyandiko mvugo n7 yo kuwa 26 Gicurasi 1994 ya Jean Birara muri dosiye n 02.02545N94 C8, reba dosiye /945 91 Urwandiko rwa B.Van Lijsebeth, yandikiye Minisitiri wUbutegetsi bwIgihugu, i Buruseli, kuwa 02 Ukuboza 1994 92 Sbastien Spitzer, Contre-attaque sur le juge Bruguire. Raisons dEtat. Justice ou politique? Paris, Priv, 2007, pp.227-228 93 Jean Birara, ikiganiro yahaye ikinyamakuru La Libre Belgique, kuwa 24 Gicurasi 1994 94 G. Prunier, igitabo yise : Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocide op.cit, p.268 95 Ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bwi Buruseli, ibazwa rya Birara Jean kuwa 26 Gicurasi 1994, muri dosiye n02.02545 N94C8, imigerekawinyandiko nvugo n734 (Reba dosiye ya Ntuyahaga 1/945)

90

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byi burayi, akanayatanga mu banya politike bo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu Bubiligi96 ariko ntibamwumve. Muri uko kwezi kwa Gashyantare 1994, inzego ziperereza za MINUAR nazo zari zifite amakuru yerekanaga ko ingabo z u Rwanda zateguraga intambara simusiga: muri Kigali hose bavuga ko imirwano igiye kubura () ingabo z u Rwanda zihora ziryamiye amajanja kandi ibibunda bya rutura byajyanywe ku birindiro byingabo zari ziryamiye amajanja97. Madamu Uwimana, umugore wa jenerali Nsabimana, yemeje ko ingabo zigihugu ziteguraga kubura imirwano ndetse ko hanategurwaga ubwicanyi, yagize ati : () Nababwira ko umugabo wanjye yahoraga yiteguye ko haba impinduka hagati mu ngabo. Yahoraga ahangiyikishijwe nuko imirwano yakubura akurikije uburyo impande zombi zigwizagaho intwaro ndetse no kutumvikana hagati yabanya politike () umugabo wanjye yambwiye ko yarazi ko hari abantu bagombaga kwicwa ariko ntiyigeze ambwira ko hari za lisiti zakozwe. Yangiraga inama kenshi kuko yarazi ko isaha iyariyo yose byahinduka. Nzi kandi ko umugabo wanjye yitambitse umunsi bica Gatabazi akaburizamo ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryumugambi wubwicanyi bwari bwateguwe.98. Undi mutangabuhamya, nyakwigendera Alphonse-Marie Nkubito, wahoze ari umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Repubulika, wanabaye minisitiri wubutabera muri guverinoma yashyizweho kuwa 19 Nyakanga 1994 yabwiye abagenzacyaha bububiligi bari baje gukora ipereza mu Rwanda boherejwe nurukiko rwiwabo ubwo bateguraga dosiye ya major Ntuyahaga, muri Gicurasi 1995, ko muri Gashyantare 1994 yamenye ko hari ibintu bikomeye byari bigiye kuba. Dore uko abivuga : mu ntangiriro za 1994, hari igihuha cyavugaga ko hari ikintu kizaba mu kwezi kwa kabiri kuyu mwaka 99 . Nkubito yari yaraburiwe numwe mu nshuti ze witwaga, Daniel Nduwimana, wari suliyetona mu ngabo zu Rwanda, amubwira ko amalisiti yabantu bagombaga kwicwa yari zarateguwe kandi ko hari hasigaye gukoma imbarutso ngo ubwicanyi butangire100. Undi musirikare wumubiligi wakoraga mu kigo cyi Kanombe, ashinzwe amasasu wari ufite ipeti rya serija witwaga Daubie Benot, yagize ati : mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iraswa ryindege, umugore wankoreraga yarambwiye ngo njye nitonda kuko tugiye guhinduka abatutsi babazungu. Yashakaga kuvuga ko hariho za lisiti zabantu bagombaga kwicwa kandi ko byashobokaga ko twe ababiligi turi kuriyo lisiti 101. Mu byukuri, kuvuga ko Perezida Habyarimana azicwa hanyuma hakaba ifatwa ryubutegetsi hakicwa nabantu benshi yari inkuru yavugwaga nintagondwa, zaba izabasirikare cyangwa abasivili, kuko yavugirwaga mu ruhame kandi yarizwi nabandi bantu batari bafite icyo
Jean Birara, ikiganiro yahaye ikinyamakuru la Libre Belgique kuwa 24 Gicurasi 1994 M. Nees Lt S2, ubutumwa bugenewe komanda wa KIBAT, Info S3, Kigali, kuwa 16 Gashyantare 1994 98 Ibazwa rya Madamu Uwimana Athanasie, inyandiko mvugo yibazwa n 1023 yakozwe kuwa 30 Kamena 1994 nubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bwububiligi, dosiye n 02 02545 N94 C8 yumushinjacyaha wa gisirikare i Buruseli 99 Ibazwa rya Bwana M. Nkubito, inyandiko yubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bwububiligi, inyandiko nvugo yo kuwa 01 nokuwa 13 Gicurasi 1995 100 Ibidem 101 Auditorat militaire belge, audition de Daubie Benot suite au dossier n 0202545N94C8, 10 mai 1994
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bahuriyeho nubutegetsi, nka za ambassade na za serivisi zubutwererane bwa gisirikare zabafaransa nababiligi.

Itegurwa nimpamvu zinama yi Dar-es- Salaam

Inama yabakuru bibihugu byo mu karere yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 yari igamije gushaka uburyo inzego zemeranyijweho mu masezerano yamahoro ya Arusha zashyirwaho (Guverinoma yinzibacyuho yaguye, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yaguye nivangwa ryingabo zimpande zombi) ; no kwiga ikibazo cyumwuka mubi numutekano muke byarangwaga i Burundi102 kuva Perezida Melchior Ndadaye yicwa mu Kwakira 1993.

Gukemura ikibazo cya politike cyari mu Rwanda

Nubwo amasezerano yamahoro yArusha yasinywe, ku itariki ya 04 Kanama 1993 (Amasezerano asoza imishyikirano agizwe nibice bitanu), ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ryari ryarananiranye, kubera inzitizi numutekano muke byaterwaga nishyaka ryari ku butegetsi (MRND nabandi bakoranaga nayo barimo CDR nintagondwa zo mu ngabo zigihugu). Ku itariki ya 15 werurwe 1994, imiryango itanu itegamiye kuri Leta iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yagaragaje akababaro yari itewe no kwiyongera kurugomo mu Rwanda, ikwirakwizwa ryintwaro, gutinda gushyrira mu bikorwa amasezerano yamahoro, nibyo MRND yashakaga ko bayisezeranira ko hazatorwa itegeko ribuza gukurikiranwa mu nkiko abantu bayo bagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu103. Igikorwa cyo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Arusha cyakozwe, ni irahira rya Perezida wa Repubulika gusa ryabaye ku itariki ya 05 Mutarama 1994. Inama y i Dar-es-Salaam bwari uburyo bwa nyuma bwageragejwe numuhuza kugira ngo arebe ko yakura igihugu mu gihirahiro cya politike, na perezida Habyarimana wotswaga igitutu inshuro nyinshi nibihugu byagize uruhare murayo masezerano yamahoro ndetse nUmuryango wAbibumbye yari yiteguye kuyashyira mu bikorwa. Perezida Habyarimana yotswa igitutu mbere yinama yi Dar-es- Salaam Perezida yokejwe igitutu nibihugu byinshi byari inshuti z u Rwanda, mu rwego rwo gukura igihugu mu bihe bikomeye. Ni muri urwo rwego ku itariki ya 14 Mutarama 1994, umunyamabanga mukuru wumuryango wabibumbye yabwiye perezida Habyarimana kuri telefoni ko ni hatagira igikorwa, bizaba ngombwa ko Umuryango wAbibumbye uzava mu Rwanda104. Kuwa 01 Werurwe 1994, umunyamabanga mukuru wumuryango wabibumbye ubwo yakiraga intumwa yihariye ya perezida Habyarimana yongeye kuvuga ko nihatagira igikorwa, Umuryango wAbibumbye wari witeguye kuvana ingabo zawo mu Rwanda105.
Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara nyuma yinama yabakuru bibihugu bo mu karere yabereye Dar Es Salaam kuwa 06 Mata 1994 ku bibazo byarangwaga mu Burundi no mu Rwanda 103 Raporo ya Loni p.13 ; HRW na FIDH, mu gitabo bise Aucun tmoin , urup.198 104 Raporo ya Loni, p.13 105 Ibidem, p.15. Intumwa yihariye ya Perezida Habyarimana akaba na Minisitiri wubwikorezi nitumanaho, Bwana Ntagerura Andr.
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Perezida Habyarimana ubwo yatangiye ingendo zo kugisha inama bagenzi be bo mu karere, yagiye Uganda ku itariki ya 09 Werurwe 1994 naho muri Zaire ajyayo ku itariki ya 04 Mata 1994. Urugendo rwe rwi Bugande rwakiriwe nabi cyane nintagondwa zo mu ishyaka rye. Dore uko urwandiko rwinzego ziperereza zUbubiligi rubivuga: Komite nkuru ya MRND yarakajwe cyane nuko Habyarimana yagiye kubonana na Perezida wa Uganda, Museven,i itayigishije inama. Matayo Ngirumpatse, wari Perezida wa MRND, yabibonagamo ikosa ryo mu rwego rwa politikike rikomeye. Byabaye ngombwa ko Habyarimana yisobanura imbere yabayobozi bishyaka 106. Muri icyo gihe uwari uhagarariye Ubudage avuga mu izina ryibihugu bigize umuryango wubumwe bw uburayi yagaragaje uburyo yarahangayikishijwe no kwiyongera kumutekano muke, kwiyongera kwimbunda nuruhare rudashobora kwihanganirwa rwa bimwe mu bitangaza makuru. Yavuze ko inkunga yibihugu byubumwe bwiburayi izatangwa aruko amasezerano yashyizwe mu bikorwa 107. Kubera igitutu yotswaga nimpande zose, Perezida Habyarimana yasanze nta kundi yabigenza usibye kwemera ibyo bamusabaga, nuko intagondwa zo mu ishyaka rye ziba ziramubonye zinaboneraho no kuvuga ko yakoze ikosa zitari ziteguye kubabarira .Ku itariki ya 02 Mata 1994, yabwiye intumwa idasanzwe yumunyamabanga mukuru wumuryango wabibumbye, Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh, ubwo yari yamutumiye iwe ku Gisenyi, ko irahira rya guverinoma yinzibacyuho yaguye riteganyijwe ku itariki ya 08 Mata 1994, nyuma yingendo yateganyaga gukora i Gbadolite kuwa 04 mata , ni Dar-es-Salaam kuwa 06 Mata , anamusaba kubibwira Umunyamabanga Mukuru wUmuryango wAbibumbye 108. Nibwo Bwana Nzirorera Joseph, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wIshyaka rya MRND, wari muri ibyo biganiro ku Gisenyi, yabwiye Perezida wa Repubulika yeruye ati : ntituzabyemera Nyakubahwa Perezida109 . Abantu benshi bashobora kwibaza isano iri hagati yiri terabwoba rigaragarira buri wese nibyo RTLM yatangaje umunsi wakurikiyeho ku itariki ya 03 Mata, yahanuraga ko FPR yarigiye gukora akantu ikoresheje amasasu na za gerenade kuva ku itariki 03 kugeza kuya 05 mata, no kuva ku itariki ya 07 kugeza ku ya 08 mata 1994. Ibibazo byu Burundi nibyo byari impamvu yingenzi yinama y i Dar-es-Salaam

HRW na FIDH, mu Gitabo bise aucun tmoinOp. Cit., Urup.197 Ibidem, reba na none Prunier, mu gitabo yise The Rwanda crisis,urup.209 108 Vnuste Nshimiyimana, abazwa na M. Van Winsen, umushinjacyaha wa Gisirikare mu rukiko rwa Gisikare ruhoraho rw i Buruseli, kuwa 18 Ugushyingo 1994, ku bijyanye na dosiye yurupfu rwabasirikare icumi bababiligi bari muri MINUAR. Reba igitabo yise Prlude du gnocide rwandais. Enqute sur les circonstances politiques et militaires du meurtre du prsident Habyarimana, Bruxelles, Quorum, 1995,impap. 49-51. Nshimiyimana yarashinzwe itangazamakuru muri GOMN, hanyuma aza gukora ako kazi muri MINUAR kuwa 1 Ugushyingo 1993 kugeza kuwa 1 Gicurasi 1994, umunsi Booh-Booh yeguriye. 109 V. Nshimiyimana, ikiganiro yagiranye na Komite i Londres, kuwa 10 Mutarama 2009. Abari baraho ni aba bakurikira : Perezida wa Repubulika numugore we, J. Roger Booh-Booh, Alphonse Higaniro numugore we, Joseph Nzirorera numugore we, Pasteur Musabe (mwene nyina wa Bagosora) numugore we, Alphonse Ntirivamunda numugore we (umukobwa wa Perezida) na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, Umuyobozi wakarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi. Ubwo yaganiraga na Komite, V.Nshimiyimana yavuze ko ayo makuru yingenzi yayabwiwe na Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh akiva ku Gisenyi.
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Kubera icyizere Perezida Habyarimana yatanze mu nama y i Dar-es- Salaam cyo gushyiraho inzego za Leta yinzibacyuho akimara kugaruka mu gihugu, impaka zo muri iyo nama zibanze cyane cyane ku bibazo by u Burundi. Mu Burundi icyo gihe umutekano warushagaho kugenda uba mubi kuva nyuma yiyicwa rya Melchior Ndadaye mu Kwakira 1993. Icyo gihugu cyari gifite ibibazo bishingiye ku nzego zubutegetsi nibya politike bikomeye kitigeze kigira. Hari hashyizweho Perezida wagateganyo, ariwe Ntaryamira Cyprien, ariko yavugaga ko atarashoboye gutegeka haramutse hatabayeho impinduka zikomeye mu ngabo zigihugu. Abantu batinyaga ko ibintu byarushaho kuba bibi kuko ingabo zu Burundi zaregwaga kuba ari zo zishe Perezida Ndadaye kandi ko zitashaga impinduka yigisirikare yifuzwaga nubuyobozi bwa gisivili bwariho. Impamvu nyamukuru yinama yi Dar-es-Salaam yahagurukije Perezida Habyarimana i Kigali yariyo kwiga ku bibazo byumutekano byari bisanzwe birangwa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, aho kuba umugambi mubisha waba wari wateguwe na kimwe cyangwa se byinshi mu bihugu byibihangange byo mu karere110 nkuko bamwe babitekereza. Ibibazo byerekeye urugendo rwUmugaba Mukuru wIngabo zu Rwanda Intumwa z u Rwanda zari mu ndege ya perezida wa repubulika zari intumwa zari zisanzwe zimuherekeza mu ngendo zisa nurwo bari bagiyemo usibye umugaba mukuru wingabo zu Rwanda, jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias wahatiwe guherekeza perezida ku nshuro ya mbere kandi akabibwirwa ku munota wa nyuma. Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias yabwiwe ko azaherekeza Perezida wa Repubulika ku munsi wabanzirizaga uwurugendo, nimpapuro ze zijyanye narwo zateguwe huti huti zidaciye mu nzira isanzwe izabandi zicamo. Yabwiwe ko azaherekeza umukuru wigihugu anahabwa impapuro zihabwa abajya mu butumwa mu mahanga iwe mu ijoro agomba kujya muri Tanzaniya ku munsi ukurikiraho. Umugore we madamu Uwimana Athanasie, abajijwe nubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bwububiligi ku itariki ya 30 kamena 1994 i Buruseli, yagize ati : ku itariki ya 05 Mata 1994, babwiye umugabo wanjye ko yagombaga guherekeza Perezida wa Repubulika i Dar-es-Salaam ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 mu gitondo kare. Umugabo wanjye ntiyarazi impamvu zurwo rugendo, hari ku nshuro ya mbere bamusaba kujya mu rugendo nkurwo111. Madamu Uwimana yongeyeho ko ari kwa perezida ku munsi wakurikiye uwihanurwa ryindege nyuma ya saa sita, yumvise umugore wa perezida Habyarimana avuga ko ibyabaye byagombaga kuba 112 ubwo yamusubizaga ibibazo yari yamubajije bijyanye nimpamvu zatumye umugabo we ajyana na perezida ku buryo butunguranye. Kapiteni Bwanakweri Isidore, wari umunyamabanga wa Minisitiri wIngabo kuva muri Kamena 1993 kugeza muri Mata 1994, yavuze ko yabonye amakuru ayahawe na Lieutenant-colonel wari mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru, Stanislas Bangamwabo, akaba mukuru wa Jenerali Nsabimana, yemeza ko murumuna we yoherejwe mu butumwa mu nama yi Dar-es-Salaam ku buryo butunguranye. Kapiteni Bwanakweli atangira asobanura ibijyanye nihanurwa ryindege muri aya magambo : ku mugoroba wo ku itariki ya 06 mata, nari ndi i Kanombe mu Kajagali hafi
Jean Louis Bruguire, Urukiko rwisumbuye rwI Paris, Icyemezo cyumucamanza, Urup 49: Iyo nama yaba yari urwitwazo rwo koroshya ihanurwa ryindege 111 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Madamu Uwimana Athanasie muri dosiye n 02 02545 N94 C8, yUbushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwi Buruseli 112 Ubuhamya bwa Madamu Uwimana Athanasie, ibidem
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yikibuga cyindege. Numvise urusaku rwibintu bibiri biturika biturutse mu dusozi twari inyuma yo kwa Perezida Habyarimana, hanyuma mbona ikirimi cyumuriro gikwiriye hejuru yiwe. Sinahise menya ko ari indege ye irashwe. Hanyuma, Kapiteni Bwanakweri yavuze ibyo mukuru wa jenerali Nsabimana yaramaze ku mwongorera uwo mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege : Nahise njya kwa liyetona koloneli Bangamwabo wari inshuti yanjye hanyuma musobanurira ibyo narimaze kubona no kumva. Yahise ambwira ko murumuna we, jenerali Nsabimana, yari yagiye i Dar-es-Salaam mu buryo butunguranye. Yabimbwiye muri aya magambo : murumuna wanjye ntabyo yarazi. Mu gitondo cyo kuwa 05 Mata, yari yagiye mu Ruhengeri muri kajugujugu agiye kureba nyina kandi kuri gahunda ye yateganyaga gukomeza ajya i Byumba gusura ingabo zo murako karere ka gisirikare. Mbere yuko arangiza urwo rugendo rwe nkuko yari yaruteguye, yahamagawe byihutitrwa na minisieri yingabo ngo agaruke i Kigali. Ageze i Kigali nibwo yabwiwe ko yagombaga guherekeza perezida wa repubulika muri Tanzaniya ku munsi ukurikiyeho 113. Ubuhamya bwumugore wa Nsabimana nubwa Lt col. Bangamwabo bushimangirwa na Runyinya Barabwiriza wari umujyanama mu bya politike muri perezidansi ya repubulika kandi warushinzwe gukora impapuro zubutumwa bwabakozi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Runyinya yabwiye Komite ko bamwe mu ntumwa zagiye mu nama yi Dar-es-Salaam barimo umugaba mukuru wingabo bagiye badakorewe impapuro zikorerwa abajya mu butumwa mu mahanga anongeraho ko atazi umuntu wategetse ko bajya i Dar-es-Salaam : Gukora impapuro zabakozi ba leta bajya mu butumwa mu mahanga byari mu nshingano zanjye. Minisiteri yUbubanyi nAmahanga yampaga urutonde rwabantu bagombaga kugenda, hanyuma nkabategurira impapuro zabugenewe. Ubwo nagendaga njya i Dar-es- Salaam, ku itariki ya 05 mata 1994, nari nasinye impapuro zabagombaga guherekeza Perezida wa Repubulika, iza Jenerali Nsabimana ntazarimo. Ntabwo byari biteganyijwe ko yarumwe mu bagombaga guherekeza perezida. Ni Minititiri wIngabo wagombaga kujyayo. Mbere yuko ngenda nari namukoreye impapuro ariko ntiyari ahari. Ndakeka ko Jenerali Nsabimana ari we bamusimbuje, birashoboka ko yongerewe ku rutonde kugira ngo asimburMinisitiri wIngabo jye namaze kuva i Kigali114. Koloneli Bagosora nawe yabwiye abari baje gukora iperereza Arusha bayobowe numucamanza Bruguire ko jenerali Nsabimana atarazi ko azajya i Dar- es- Salaam. Yagize ati : Ibyaribyo byose, ibyo bintu byateguwe huti huti kuko ku itariki ya 04 nari kumwe na jenerali Nsabimana kandi atazi ko hari aho azajya. Ku itariki ya 04 Mata, Jenerali Nsabimana ntiyarazi ko haraho azajya115 . Abandi batangabuhamya bemeza ko iyoherezwa rya jenerali Nsabimana ryari rihishe imigambi mibisha yintagondwa zabahutu zari ziyobowe na koloneli Bagosora zashakaga gukora jenoside zimaze guhirika ubutegetsi. Umusirikare wo mu ngabo zahoze arizu Rwanda, Nsengiyumva Tharcisse, wari mu mutwe wa gisirikare wihariye wari ugizwe nabasirikare bakoreshaga imbunda zagenewe kurwanya umwanzi watera aturutse mu kirere (L.A.A) yavuze ko icyemezo
113 114

Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komite i Rilima, kuwa 08 Kanama 2008 Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komit i Huye kuwa 20 Werurwe 2008 no kuwa 30 Kamena 2008 115 Ibazwa rya Koloneli Bagosora Ryakozwe numucamanza Bruguire, Arusha, kuwa 18 Gicurasi 2000

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cyo kohereza Nsabimana i Dar-es-Salaam cyafashwe na Bagosora kugira ngo abone uko ashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside Nsabimana atemeraga uko wakabaye. Birashoboka ko Bagosora yaba yarohereje Nsabimana muri Tanzaniya kugira ngo abonereho umwanya wo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi we wo gukora jenoside no guhirika ubutegetsi yateguraga, Nsabimana na Minisitiri wIngabo badahari : Nabaye umushoferi wa Bagosora igihe yari komanda wikigo cya Kanombe nyuma yurupfu rwa Koloneli Mayuya. Ku itariki ya 05 Mata 1994 ahagana isaa kumi (16h), Bagosora warumuyobozi wibiro bya Minisitiri wingabo, yahamagaye [jenerali] Nsabimana kuri telefoni amumenyesha ko azajyana na perezida Habyarimana. Hari kuwa kabiri. Impamvu yatumye ashaka ko Nsabimana ajyana na Perezida Habyarimana ni uko Nsabimana atemeranyaga na Bagosora ku mugambi wo gukora jenoside wari uriho ndetse nuburyo uzashyirwa mu bikorwa. Bagosora yashakaga kwikiza Nsabimana kugira ngo ashobore gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi we ari nta numwe umubangamiye 116 . Ku kibazo cyo gushaka kumenya ukuntu umu Kaporali usanzwe yashoboye kumenya ayo makuru yasubije agira ati : Ku itariki ya 08 Mata 1994, ubwo nari kumwe na Ajida Nduwamungu nahuye na major Dogiteri Kazenga, umusirikare mukuru wumuganga wakoraga ku bitaro bya gisirikare byi Kanombe twari tuziranye. Yatubwiye ko yashakaga kujya kutugurira Fanta mu kabari kari i Kanombe kitwaga la Majorette. Twaganiriye ku bibazo igihugu cyari kirimo muri icyo gihe, cyane cyane ku rupfu rwa Habyarimana. Major Kazenga yatubwiye ko Nsabimana atarazi ko yagombaga kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga, ko kugenda kwe byapanzwe na Koloneli Bagosora ku munota wa nyuma. Kazenga yatubwiye ko Bagosora yatelefonnye Nsabimana ku itariki ya 05 Mata ahagana mu ma saa kumi (16h) amumenyesha ko azajyana na perezida Habyarimana. Major Kazenga yongeyeho ko nkumuyobozi wibiro muri Minisiteri yIngabo Bagosora, yafashe icyemezo cyo kohereza Nsabimana kuberako we na Perezida Habyarimana batari bashyigikiye igitekerezo cyo kwica Abatutsi bose Bagosora yashakaga. Kugira ngo abigereho Bagosora afatanyije nabasirikare bakuru bintagondwa bacuze umugambi wuko Nsabimana aherekeza Habyarimana, kugira ngo babice bombi, hanyuma bakoreshe icyo cyuho basize ku buyobozi bwigihugu n ubwingabo bashyire mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside117 . Jean Berchmans Birara nawe yemeza igitekerezo kivuga ko Nsabimana atarashyigikiye umugambi wo gukora jenoside, anavuga ko jenerali Nsabimana yari mu bantu bashyiraga mu gaciro, yagize ati : yashoboye kuburizamo gutangiza ubwicanyi inshuro eshatu zose . bwagombaga gutangira kuwa 23 Werurwe i saa sita zijoro bukarangira kucyumweru ku itariki ya 27 werurwe, i saa cumi nebyiri za mugitondo ; perezida wagombaga gutanga itegeko ryo gutangiza ubwicanyi ntiyaritanze kuko yarimo yakira intumwa zabanyamahanga zari zaje mu

116 117

Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, Kuwa 04 Kamena 2008 Ibidem

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Rwanda. Kubakira byagejeje isa saba nigice zijoro (24/03/1994). Byose byigijweyo118. Kapiteni Nsengiyumva Thogne, warumusirikare mukuru mu ngabo zu Rwanda zicyo gihe nawe yavuze ko kutunvikana gukabije kwarangwaga hagati ya Bagosora na Nsabimana kubijyanye nuburyo ikibazo cya politike cyari mu Rwanda cyakemurwa, ibi akaba aribyo bishobora kuba impamvu yatumye amwohereza i Dar-es-Salaam kugirango ashobore gutegura nta nkomyi ibyagombaga kuba : Mu gihe cyintambara nayobowe na Koloneli Nsabimana imyaka ibiri mu Mutara ataragirwa umugaba wingabo. Yari umusirikare wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wobonaga ibintu mu rwego ruhanitse kandi wabonaga ko abasirikare bari barambiwe intambara. Yarazi ibibazo byabasirikare kurusha abandi basirikare bakuru babaga i Kigali nka Bagosora. Nsabimana ntiyabonaga kimwe nabo uburyo ibibazo byari mu gihugu byakemurwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu birumvikana ko yarabangamiye abantu bose batashakaga ko haboneka umuti wa burundu ku kibazo cyintambara yari yugarije igihugu biciye mu nzira yamahoro119. Mu byukuri, nubwo Jenerali Nsabimana, afatanyije nabasikare bakuru bintagondwa barimo koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, bagize uruhare mu guha inyito umwanzi wigihugu no gushyira ahagaragara uwariwe ubwo bavugaga ko ari Umututsi nUmuhutu utishimiye ubutegetsi bwariho120 no kuba yagaragazaga ko yanga Abatutsi 121, birashoboka ko atarashyigikiye umugambi wa jenoside nkuko yari yarateguwe na bagenzi be mu kazi barintagondwa ku murusha, arinabyo byaberaga abo bagenzi be inzitizi batashakaga ko perezida ashyiraho inzego za leta yinzibacyuho nkuko yari yateganyije ku bikora ku itariki ya 08 mata 1994, akimara kuva mu nama yi Dar-es-Salaam. Hari ibindi bintu bibiri bituma umuntu yakwibaza ku mpamvu ziyoherezwa rya jenerali Nsabimana mu nama yi Dar-es-Salaam. Icya mbere nuko impapuro ze zimwemerera kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga yazishyikirijwe iwe mu rugo hadakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa, ikindi nuburyo Perezida wa Repubulika yatunguwe amubonye ku kibuga mu gitondo ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 bigaragaza ko Perezida wa Repubulika ashobora kuba atarazi ko agiye kujyana numugaba wingabo ze, ibi nabyo bikaba byatera kwibaza. Koko rero, abasirikare bagendanaga na Perezida Habyarimana, bavuga ko Perezida ageze ku kibuga cyi Kanombe ari hafi kurira indege, yatangajwe no kubona Jenerali Nsabimana ari iruhande rwurwego rwindege ari umwe mu bari bamuherekeje. Nkuko abo batangabuhamya babivuga, Perezida yerekanye ko atangajwe cyane no kumubona, ashaka kugira icyo akora ariko ariyumanganya mbere yo kwinjira mu ndege. Ese Perezida yaba yarigizaga nkana kugira ngo agaragaze ko atari we washatse ko bajyana cyangwa se birashoboka ko yaba ntacyo yari abiziho bikaba byaramutunguye usibye ko biramutse ari uko byari bimeze byaba ari ibintu bidasanzwe. Ibyo ari byo byose Perezida yashoboraga no kubuza Nsabimana kugenda.
Ubuhamya bwa Jean Birara muri dosiye n 02.02545 N94 C8, yo mu Bushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwi Buruseli, kuwa 26 Gicurasi 1994, Inyandiko mvugo n 734 nimigereka (reba dosiye ya Ntuyahaga 1/946) 119 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite mu Bugesera (Gako), Kuwa 22 Kamena 2008. 120 Inyandiko yahaga inyito umwanzi yanditswe nIbiro Bikuru byIngabo z u Rwanda kuwa 21 Nzeri 1992 121 Inyandiko yibanga yanditswe na Nsabimana kuwa 26 Nyakanga 1993 igihe yari Umugaba Mukuru w'Ingabo yagaragazaga itotezwa ryakorerwaga abasirikare babahutu bakekwaho kuba abatutsi kubera ko bashyikiranaga nabo : Ibarwa n 164/G2.1.3.1 yandikiwe Minisitiri wIngabo. Impamvu : Imyifatire yAbasirikare.
118

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Twagirayezu Innocent, umwe mu basirikare bagendanaga na Perezida Habyarimana yabidusobanuriye muri aya magambo : Twaherekeje Perezida mu gitondo kare, ku kibuga hakiri igihu. Ibyo nibuka neza kuko nari hafi yabo, nigihe Perezida yageze imbere ya CASTAR122, wahise amuterera i saluti, hanyuma Perezida akamwitegereza cyane akanya kanini mbere yo kumubaza niba nawe yarumwe mu bagenda. Umugaba wIngabo yamusubije ko nawe yari yahawe impapuro zUbutumwa zimwohereza mu nama Perezida yaragiyemo. Perezida yabaye nkubishidikanyaho gato nuko bombi bahita binjirana mu ndege 123. Na none, Koloneli Bagosora yabwiye umucamanza wumufaransa Jean-Louis Bruguire ko, kuva Habyarimana yafata ubutegetsi muri 1973, atari yarigeze abona ajyana na rimwe mu rugendo numugaba wingabo cyangwa se uwa Jandarumori124. Abandi batangabuhamya babiri, bakoranaga hafi na Perezida Habyarimana nabo bemeje ibyumugore wa Nsabimana yavuze. Jean-Marie Vianney Mvulirwenande wari umujyanama wa Perezida mu byitangazamakuru kuva muri 1992 kugeza muri 1994, yavuze ko Perezida wa Repubulika numugaba wingabo bataviraga mu gihugu rimwe kandi ko uko kutaba mu gihugu icyarimwe bitashoboraga kubaho mu gihe na Minisitiri wIngabo atarahari : Uko byari bisanzwe, ubutumwa bwabaga bugiwemo nintumwa zo mu rwego rwo hejuru nkizari zigiye mu nama yi Dar-es- Salaam muri mata 1994, ni Perezida wa Repubulika wasinyaga bwa nyuma impapuro zimerera abantu kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga umuyobozi wibiro bye cyangwa umwe mu bajyanama be babaga bamweretse. Gutegura ubutumwa bujya mu mahanga babikoraga bafatanyije na minisiteri yububanyi namahanga ariko ni Perezida wasinyaga ku rupapuro rwabaga rwanditseho amazina yabagombaga kugenda. Nkurikije uko ibintu byagendaga, ndakeka ko ari Perezida wa Repubulika wafashe icyemezo kirebana no kugenda kwa Nsabimana, ariko ndagira ngo mbabwire ko atari jye jyenyine watangajwe no kubona Nsabimana ari umwe mu bantu badusanze i Dar-es- Salaam. Navuye mu Rwanda ku itariki ya 05 mata 1994 kandi ndibuka ko Nsabimana atarari ku rutonde rwabantu bagombaga kujya i Dar-es-Salaam, kandi tumubonye i Dar-es-Salaam, twibajije ibibazo byinshi ku mpamvu zamuzanye mu nama. Kuri jye, yari incuro ya mbere mbibonye, kandi nkumujyanama waPerezida mu byitangaza makuru naherekeje Perezida inshuro nyinshi. Nijye wandikaga amatangazo agenewe abanyamakuru nyuma yimibonano Perezida yabaga yagize sinari narigeze narimwe mbona Perezida yaherekejwe nUmugaba Mukuru wIngabo, yaba Nsabimana cyangwa se Serubuga wamubanjirije. Ni nayo mpamvu havuzwe amagambo menshi kuri ruriya rugendo . Mvulirwenande yasobanuye kandi uburyo impapuro zabasirikare bakuru bagombaga kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga zakorwaga agaragaza uruhare rukomeye koloneli Bagosora yabigiragamo mu rwego rwakazi ke nkumuyobozi wibiro bya minisitiri muri minisiteri yingabo :
CASTAR ni Izina ryIrihimbano rya Jenerali Nsabimana. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 124 Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga yIperereza yakoreye Arusha mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda, urubanza rwo kuwa 18 Gicurasi 2000
123 122

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 Kubera ko Minisitiri wIngabo yari mu butumwa, umuyobozi wibiro muri Minisiteri yIngabo, Koloneli Bagosora, niwe wari ufite ububasha bwo gutunganya impapuro zaboherezwa mu butumwa. Byanabonekaga kandi ko Koloneli Bagosora yari afite ububasha buruta ubwa Minisitiri wari umusivili kandi wari warashyizweho mu bihe bikomeye, asimbura James Gasana wari umaze kuva mu gihugu mu buryo budasobanutse. Bagosora yarafite ububasha bwinshi, wabonaga ko ari nkawe wayoboraga minisiteri yingabo, birashoboka ko yaba ari we wasabye ko Nsabimana yoherezwa mu nama yi Dar-es- Salaam125. Kamana Franois, umwe mu basirikare baherekezaga Habyarimana kuva mu1980 kugeza muri 1994, kandi wari wajyanye nawe mu nama yi Dar-es- Salaam yavuze ibisa nibyo Jean-Marie Vianney Mvulirwenande yavuze, anavuga ko abantu benshi batigeze bumva impamvu umugaba wingabo zu Rwanda yagiye mu nama yi Dar-es-Salaam: Iyo abantu babiri cyangwa benshi babaga bari bujye mu butumwa mu mahanga, hakorwaga irupapuro rwabugenewe rumwe, amazina yabo yose agashyirwaho hanyuma perezida wa repubulika akarusinya. Ku rupapuro rutwemerera kujya mu butumwa i Dares- Salaam, twahawe tutarava i Kigali, nta mazina ya Sagatwa na Nsabimana yari ariho. Ibyo ndabyemeza nta shiti. Sagatwa yagombaga kuyjya muri leta zunzubumwe zAmerika ku itariki ya 06 mata, kandi niboneye ubwanjye urwandiko rumwemerera kujya muri ubwo butumwa, ubwo najyaga gufata paseporo yanjye muri Minisiteri yUbubanyi nAmahanga. Icyemezo cyo kumwohereza mu nama yi Dar-es- Salaam gishoboka kuba cyaraje bitinze. Icyo nibajije maze gusoma ibyari ku murongo wibyiga winama yagombaga kwiga ku bibazo byu Burundi, ni impamvu yatumye perezida Habyarimana ajyana numugaba wingabo kandi igihugu kiri mu ntambara. Umwanya narimo wumurinzi wa Perezida ntabwo wanyemereraga kumenya byinshi ariko icyo kibazo naracyibajije kuko ntashoboye kumva impamvu Perezida yaje mu nama ahanini yagombaga kwiga ku bibazo byu Burundi azanye nUmugaba wIngabo. Ibyo ntabwo byari byarigeze kuba ko bombi bajyana mu butumwa. Naketse ko Nsabimana yazanye na Perezida mu rwego rwo gutegura ibikorwa bya gisirikare byo mu rwego ruhanitse noneho Perezida agashaka ko umugaba wingabo aba ahari kugira ngo abahe inama ijyanye nabyo. Ariko siko byagenze. Ndagira ngo na none nongereho ko ubusanzwe iyo rwabaga ari urugendo rwumunsi umwe, Perezida wa Repubulika atajyanaga na Sagatwa. Naherekeje Perezida wa Repubulika inshuro nyinshi nasanze mu ngendo ngufi nka ruriya, Sagatwa yarasigaraga mu gihugu. Nkuko nabivuze haruguru, Sagatwa yagombaga kujya muri Amerika, sinigeze menya impamvu zimpinduka yabaye muri gahunda ku munota wa nyuma Sagatwa akoherezwa i Dar-esSalaam126.

125 126

Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komite i Karongi, kuwa 13 Nzeri 2008 Ibazwa ryakozwe na Komite i Rwamagana, kuwa 21 Nzeri 2008

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Komite yitaye ku mategeko ngenga mikorere ya Minisiteri yIngabo yicyo gihe kugira ngo isuzume ububasha bwumuyobozi wIbiro bya Minisitiri, nuko isanga ari we wasimburaga Minisitiri mu gihe yabaga adahari kandi yarafite ububasha bwo gufata ibyemezo bikomeye mu rwego rwimiyoborere ya Minisiteri harimo no guha abakozi uburenganzira bwo kujya mu butumwa mu mahanga no kubasinyira impapuro zabugenewe. Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri arebana nimikorere ya za serivisi zo muri Minisiteri yingabo igihe Minisitiri adahari asobanura ububasha bwumuyobozi wibiro bya Minisitiri muri aya magambo : Iyo Minisitiri wIngabo adahari, umuyobozi wibiro bya minisitri niwe umusimburaga byagateganyo akita ku bibazo byose bya Minisiteri. Iyo yabaga amusimbuye byagateganyo yari yemerewe kuzuza inshingano za minisiti zirimo gusinya impapuro zose zijyanye nimitegekere nimicungire ya minisiteri zisanzwe zisinywa na minisitiri no kuzuza izindi nshingano zijyanye nububasha butahawe ibiro byUmugaba wIngabo() umuyobozi wingabo yitaga ku bibazo ashyikirijwe namashami na za serivisi zikorikira : - Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubutegetsi namategeko : Imicungire yabakozi nibijyanye namategeko - Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibibazo byumutekano wigihugu hanze yacyo : umutekano nibikorwa bya gisirikare - Ubuyobozi bushinzwe abasirikare bavuye ku rugerero: ibibazo byimibereho myiza nabasezerewe mu ngabo - Ishami gashinzwe ubutwererane bwa gisirikare: ubutwererane bwa gisirikare - Ishami gashinzwe imibanire : itangazamakuru, ibirori nimibanire - Ishami gashinzwe amakuru ninyandiko: umutekano wigisirikare, amakuru ya minisitiri wingabo nimicungire yishami rishinzwe gukwirakwiza amakuru ya minisiteri yingabo -Agashami gashinzwe inyigo na za porogramu : Inyigo, igenamigambi namasomo ya gisirikare. () umuyobozi wibiro bya Minisitiri ashobora gutumiza no kuyobora amanama yabagaba bingabo na jandarumori nabayobozi bamashami muri Minisiteri yingabo 127 . Biragaragara ko Bagosora yateguraga guhirika ubutegetsi ; nta gitangaje kuba yarashoboraga gukora ibishoboka byose ngo yikize Perezida wa Repubulika, umugaba wingabo cyangwa undi muntu wese wajyaga kumubangamira mu mugambi we. Bibaye ukundi nibwo byatangaza. Uko inama yagenze nuburyo indege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 yagarutse Inama yari yahurije hamwe abakuru bibihugu bya Ugand, Tanzaniya, u Burundi, u Rwanda na VisiPerezida wa Kenya, Perezida wa Zayire wagombaga kuyitabira yahinduye gahunda ku munota wa nyuma, yayobowe na Nyakubahwa Alli Hassan Mwinyi, Perezida wa Repubulika yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya akaba numuhuza mu bibazo byu Rwanda n u Burundi. Inama ikimara gutangira ku mugaragaro nko mu ma saa sita (isaha yo muri Tanzaniya), perezida Habyarimana yavuze ko inzitizi zo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y Arusha zavuyeho kandi ko nta kintu na kimwe cyari gisigaye cyagombaga kubuza inzego zubutegetsi ziteganyijwe murayo masezerano kujyaho akimara kugera i Kigali. Nkuko bigaragara muri raporo yabakozi
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Amabwiriza ya Minisitiri wIngabo, Dr James Gasana, adafite itariki.

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bumuryango wabibumbye bari bayobowe na Ingvar Carlson aho banditse ibyavuzwe nabategetsi ba Tanzaniya: ibiganiro byi Dar-es-Salaam byagenze neza kuko Perezida Habyarimana yari yiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano yArusha 128 . Icyizere cyo gukemura ikibazo cyu Rwanda cyemejwe na Bwana Do Ngendahayo, wari umwe mu ntumwa zu Burundi muri iyo nama: ikibazo cyu Rwanda cyavuzweho akanya gato kuko inama igitangira, perezida wu Rwanda yabwiye abari mu nama ko kubirebana nu Rwanda yari yiteguye gushyiraho inzego ziteganywa namasezerano yamahoro yArusha akimara gusubira mu gihugu. Inama yahise yiga ku kibazo cyumutekano mu Burundi, ubwo Perezida wu Burundi yabwiye bagenzi be inzitizi yahuye nazo ubwo yagerageje gukora impinduka mu gisirikare cyu Burundi kandi izo mpinduka zidakozwe umutekano udashobora kugaruka129. Bigeze nko mu ma saa cumi abaderevu babafaransa batwaraga indege ya Perezida Habyarimana babona ko bishoboka ko indege iribusubire i Kigali mwijoro, basaba umwe mu basirikare bari baherekeje Perezida witwaga Kaporali Salathiel Senkeri wari wasigaye ku ndege ngo abibwire perezida Habyarimana. Abaderevu batanze igitekerezo cyuko indege yarara igasubira i Kigali ku munsi ukurikira kuko bavugaga ko bari bafite amakuru avugako indege yashoboraga guhanurwa. Kaporali Senkeri avuga ko yabonye abaderevu batishimye igihe bari ku kibuga cyi Dar-esSalaam bamaze kubona ko ibyo bavuze bitahawe agaciro kuko babonaga bagiye gusubira i Kigali uwo mugoroba yagize ati : Nari kumwe na mugenzi wanjye twakoranaga witwa Nzabirinda numwe mu bakozi bakoraga ku ndege ya Perezida ku kibuga cyindege cyi Dar-es- Salaam dutegereje ko Perezida Habyarimana aza. Bigeze nko mu ma saa kumi, batubwiye ko Perezida aje. Mbere gato yuko Perezida aza, umuderevu windege yaje aho twari turi adusaba kubwira Perezida wacu ko bitari byiza gutaha kuri ariya masaha. Namubajije impamvu imuteye impungenge ansubiza ko yari afite amakuru avuga ko indege ya Perezida yashoboraga kuraswa. Nahise mubwira ko nta bubasha bwo kuvugana na peresida mfite mpita musaba ko yabibwira Majoro Mageza, wari Umuyobozi wa Porotokole. Yahise asanga bagenzi be babiri bakoranaga ku ndege nuko aganira nabo. Nahise njya kureba major Mageza mubwira ayo makuru umuderevu yaramaze kumbwira. Ubwo twaganiraga, abakozi bo ku ndege badusanze aho twaganiriraga. Nahise nigirayo kugira ngo mbahe urubuga baganire. Sinumvaga ibyo bavuga ariko nari hafi yabo nabonaga amarenga Major Mageza yacaga amarenga asa nayabumvishaga ko bagomba gutaha i Kigali nta gisibya. Hashize akanya, Perezida Habyarimana araza bahagarika ikiganiro130. Andi makuru avuga ko abategetsi ba Tanzaniya basabye perezida Habyarimana gusubika gusubira i kigali kubera ko inama yarangiye bwije ariko Habyarimana akabyanga. Raporo yumuryango wabibumbye ibivuga muri aya magambo : abo komisiyoyiperereza yabajije

Raporo ya Loni, urup.16 Deo Ngendahayo : Umuyobozi wIbiro Bikuru byIperereza byu Burundi, wabajijwe na Komite i Bujumbura, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 130 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gahyantare 2008
129

128

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muri Tanzaniya bashubize ko bari bagiriye Perezida inama yo gusiba akazataha ku munsi ukurikira, we akavuga ko agomba kurara atashye131 . Kamana Franois, umwe mu basirikare bagendanaga na Perezida yavuze ko ibyangombwa byose byari byakozwe kugira ngo intumwa zu Rwanda zari zitabiriye inama yi Dar-es- Salaam ziharare: Mbere yuko Habyarimana yinjira mu cyumba inama yaberagamo, umusirikare wari ushinzwe umutekano we ari nawe wari unkuriye, Kapiteni Lopold Mujyambere, yaje kutubwira ko Perezida ari burare. Hanyuma, asohotse mu nama, nabonye Perezida ahise agana ku Kibuga cyindege. Abatwaraga indege bagejeje izo mpungenge zo gusubira i Kigali nijoro kuri Koloneli Sagatwa ariko icyemezo cyo gutaha nticyahinduka 132. Umujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana mu byitumanaho, Mvulirwenande Jean-Marie Vianney, avuga ko yumvise bamwe mu ntumwa zu Rwanda bari basigaye Dar-es-Salaam bababajwe nurupfu rwa Habyarimana bavuga ko Perezida Mwinyi yari yamutumiye kurara Dar-es-Salaam akamuhakanira : Ibyo babivuze bacyumva ko yapfuye133. Naho Perezida Ntaryamira wu Burundi, niwe ubwe wasabye kujya mu ndege yu Rwanda Falcon 50. Iye ndege ntiyari imeze neza inagenda buhoro, kandi Perezida Ntaryamira yarifuzaga kugera i Bujumbura vuba. Nuko lero yasabye Perezida Habyarimana ko bajyana i Kigali mu ndege imwe, ya Falcon 50 yu Rwanda, yabagezayo igahita imujyana i Bujumbura hanyuma iyo ndege ikagaruka mu Rwanda iryo joro. Iyi nkuru yatanzwe nababyumvise barimo Koloneli Trence Cishahayo wari umunyaruhago wa Perezida Ntaryamira : Inama irangiye, ubwo nari ngiye gufata isakoshi ya Perezida Ntaryamira, numva abajije Perezida Habyarimana niba bishoboka ko bajyana mu ndege imwe kuko bwari bwije kandi indege ya Perezida Ntaryamira ishaje itameze neza. Ndibuka ko hari hashize iminsi ibiri i Gbadolite, Perezida Mobutu niwe wasabye Perezida Habyarimana ngo ajyane mu ndege ye na Perezida Ntaryamira kuko yari yinubiye ukuntu indege ye itameze neza134. Hasigaye akanya gato ngo indege ihaguruke, hari igikorwa cyabonetse cyateye impungenge hagati yabari baherekeje Perezida Habyarimana. Ubwo Perezida Habyarimana yari mu ndege, yaritegereje abona habuzemo Umukuru wIngabo zIgihugu, Jenerali Nsabimana wari wasigaye hasi hamwe na Dogiteri Akingeneye batashakaga kugenda. Perezida Habyarimana ahita asohoka mu ndege, abategeka kwinjira mu ndege bakajyana nawe. Kaporali Senkeri wari uhari arasobanura uko byagenze: Ubusanzwe, iyo twagiraga urugendo hamwe na Perezida, yinjiraga mu ndege ubwanyuma, ni nako byagenze igihe twari i Dar-es-Salam. Igihe ageze mu ndege yabonye ko Jenerali Nsabimana na Dogiteri Akingeneye batari muri yo. Abo bombi bari bihishe iruhande rwibaba rimwe ryindege. Habyarimana asohoka mu ndege kandi bitabaho narimwe arahamagara, Akingeneye arihe? Araza arigaragaza, Nsabimana arihe? Nawe araza
131 132

Raporo ya Loni, urup.16 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rwamagana, kuwa 21 Nzeri 2008 133 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Karongi, kuwa 13 Nzeri 2008 134 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Bujumbura, kuwa 28 Mata 2008

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arigaragaza. Hanyuma arababaza kuki mutinjira mu ndege? Barasubiza ngo bagize ngo ntamyanya irimo kuko bari bashyizemo Abarundi. Perezida Habyarimana arababwira ati mwinjire vuba tugende. Barinjira indege irahaguruka135. Urugendo rwindege ya Falcon 50 rwari rwahindutse bitewe nuko yari yakererewe guhagurukira igihe cyari cyateganijwe mbere. Kuri gahunda nshya, intumwa zu Rwanda zagombaga kugera i Kanombe saa mbiri na makumyabiri nitandatu ku isaha yo mu Rwanda. Iyo gahunda yurugendo yamenyeshejwe umunara ugenzura indege ku kibuga cya Kanombe, nko mu ma saa moya yumugoroba. Hasigaye akanya gato ngo Falcon 50 yinjire mu kirere cyu Rwanda136. Abasigaye mubari baherekeje Perezida Habyarimana bahagurutse i Dar-es-Salaam nyuma yiminota mirongo itatu indege ya Habyarimana ihagurutse. Bazanye nindege yAbarundi Beachcraft yari yazanye Perezida Ntaryamira mu nama mu gitondo cya kare137. Gahunda ya mbere yurugendo rwa Beachcraft kwari kugenda Dar-es-Salaam-Bujumbura ntaho ihagaze. Ariko nyuma yicyemezo cya Perezida Ntaryamira cyo guhagarara i Kigali, urugendo rwari rwateganijwe rurahinduka bafata indi nzira. Kuva ubwo rero Beachcraft yagombaga guca i Kigali izanye igice cyimwe cyintumwa zu Rwanda bari bimukiye abategetsi bakuru bi Burundi bari baje muri Falcon hamwe na Perezida Habyarimana na Ntaryamira138. Bageze hejuru ya Mwanza, Koloneli Nihana wari wungirije uyoboye indege yaagerageje kuvugana numunara wi Kanombe ku murongo usanzwe wa 124.3Mhz. Yagerageje kenshi birananirana. Nyuma yagerageje undi murongo 118.3Mhz noneho ashobora kuvugana numunara wa Kanombe aliko ntiyashobora kuvugana numugenzuzi wikirere. Umuntu bavuganye yari afite ubwoba bwinshi, amumenyesha ko indege Falcon 50 yarimo abakuru bibihugu byombi yahanutse. Uyoboye indege yAbarundi yashakaga kugwa i Kanombe. Uwo bavuganaga amumenyesha ko ntawarokotse numwe kandi ko amatara yo ku kibuga yazimye. Nibwo Nihana yumvise irindi jwi rimutegeka kutagwa; iryo jwi rihita riceceka ritarangije ninteruro139. Koloneli Nihana ako kanya yahamagaye umunara wikibuga cyindege cya Bujumbura bamumenyesha ko bari bamaze kumenya ko i Kigali hari ibibazo, babibwiwe ninkuru bari bamaze gufata mu gihe bageragezaga guhamagara abari kumunara wa Kanombe. Iyo nkuru yari hagati yindege yu Bubirigi C130 ifite inomero AFB 383 niradiyo iri ku butaka i Kigali, bavuga ko hari hamaze kuba ihanuka ryindege mu nkengero zikibuga cya Kanombe140. Nihana wari wungirije uyoboye indege ubwo yasabye umunara wa Bujumbura kumwemerera guhindura gahunda yurugendo rwindege ngo ijye i Bujumbura nta handi inyuze. Ibyo lero nibyo byakozwe.

Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 28 Gashyantare 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 06 Werurwe 2008, bwatanzwe na Munyaneza Patrice, umuyobozi windege ziza nizigenda wari mu munara wikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe mwijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 kugeza mu rukerera rwo kuwa 07 Mata 1994. 137 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Koloneli Nihana bwakiriwe na Komite i Bujumbura kuwa 30 Mata 2008 138 Koloneli Nihana, ibidem 139 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Koloneli Nihana bwakririwe na Komite i Bujumbura kuwa 30 Mata 2008 140 Koloneli Nihana, ibidem
136

135

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Komanda wikibuga cyindege cya Bujumbura, Koloneli Louis Murengerantwari, wari ku kazi ke uwo mugoroba yanditse uko yagiye yakira amakuru yo muri iryo joro. Ibyo yanditse yabishyikirije Komite nkuko yabyanditse icyo gihe. Izo nyandiko zirerekana uko ibintu byagiye bikurikirana. Dore uko byagenze : - Umunara wo ku kibuga cyindege cya Bujumbura wakiriye gahunda ya mbere yurugendo rwindege yaturutse Dar-es-Salaam ibamenyesha ko iyo ndege yubwoko bwa Beachcraft yajyaga kunyura i Kigali ikahagera isaha enye zijoro hanyuma ikaza kugera i Bujumbura isaha eshanu zijoro. - Byenda kugera isaha imwe nigice ku masaha yi Burundi, abari kumunara wo ku kibuga cya Bujumbura babashije kuvugana nabari kumunara wo ku kibuga cya Kigali bashaka kumenya niba Perezida wu Burundi yari ari mu ndege Falcon 50 yu Rwanda, ariko byenda kugera isaha ebyiri zijoro umurongo bavuganiragaho urabura. - Ku isaha 18.52 GMT kumurongo wa 124.3Mhz nuwa 118.3Mhz ku munara wa Bujumbura bumvise ikiganiro hagati yindege yu Bubirigi C130 (AFP 683) numuntu utarabashije kumeyekana wari i Kigali abwira abamuvugishaga muri iyo ndege ko ikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe cyari mu mwijima kuko amatara yari yazimye, abamenyesha ko hari indege yari imaze guhanuka bugufi yikibuga, ko amasasu yaturikiraga mu bice bikikije ikibuga, ababwira ko bagomba gusubira inyuma bakajya ku kibuga cya Nairobi. - Ku isaha 19.32 GMT abo muri ya ndege ya Beachcraft babashije kuvugana nabari ku munara wikibuga cya Bujumbura, aba bababwira ko kumunara wikibuga cya Kigali bari bamaze kubahamiriza ko indege ya Perezida wu Rwanda yari imaze guhanuka harimo ba Perezida bombi, ko kuri uwo munara wi Kigali batari bagisubiza ngo batange ibindi bisobanuro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abayoboye iyo ndege ya Beachcraft basaba uruhushya rwo kujya i Bujumbura aho kujya Kigali141 .

Ibyo guhanurwa kwindege nibyakurikiyeho

Mu cyemezo cye cyategekaga ifatwa ryaba ofisiye bakuru bu Rwanda, umucamanza JeanLouis Bruguire yavugaga ko afite ibyavugiwe mu munara wikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994 akaba aribyo yafatiyeho kuvuga : Ko iperereza ryakozwe ku byafatiwe ku majwi ku munara wikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe byatumye hashobora kumenyekana uko indege zinyuranye zakoresheje icyo kibuga kuwa 06 mata 1994 ; Ko ibyo byafashe amajwi byasuzumwe nInzobere mu iperereza rye bagasanga indege Falcon ya Perezida wu Rwanda nomero 50 9XRNN yari yahagurutse i Kigali ijya Dar-es-Salaam mu gitondo saa kumi nebyiri niminota irindwi irimo abantu cumi numwe ; ko saa munani
141

Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Murengerantwari bwakiriwe na Komite i Bujumbura, kuwa 28 Mata 2008

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niminota mirongo itanu numwe na saa kumi niminota ibiri hakiriwe telefoni ebyiri zivuga kuza kwindege ya Perezida yagombaga guhaguruka isaa kumi nimwe zumugoroba. Nyuma saa kumi niminota mirongo ine numwe telefoni ziturutse mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida zaje bafite impungenge zisaha indege iza kuhagerera, kandi ko hagati ya saa kumi nimwe niminota itatu nisaa kumi nebyiri niminota mirongo itatu nirindwi, abantu banyuranye bari bahamagaye ku munara wikibuga babaza ibyerekeye gahunda yo kugaruka kwindege Falcon 50 kandi ko buri wese wabazaga bamusubizaga ko indege itarahaguruka Dar-es-Salaam. Ko byagaragaye ko gahunda yurugendo rwindege Falcon 50 itatanzwe kugeza isaha imwe niminota makumyabiri numwe, umunara wikibuga cya Kanombe wamenyesheje Enock Ruhigira ko indege ya Perezida yajyaga kugera i Kigali isaha ebyiri nigice kandi ko isaha ebyiri niminota umunani abari batwaye iyo ndege Falcon 50 bahamagaye umunara wikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe batanga gahunda yiyo ndege ko iza kuva i Kigali ijya Bujumbura, ko bagombaga guhaguruka isaha ebyiri niminota mirongo ine itwaye Perezida wUburundi. Ko isaha ebyiri niminota makumyabiri numwe indege Falcon 50 9XRNN yamenyesheje umunara ko igeze bugufi naho umunara nawo uyiha amabwiriza yinzira igomba kunyuramo kugirango igere ku kibuga. Komanda windege yari yavuze ko yifuza kumanukira ku kayira kaboneza kuri makumyabiri numunani kandi ko aribwongere kubahamagara amaze gushyira ku murongo ibyuma bifasha indege kugera hasi. Ko ntabundi butumwa bwongeye koherezwa ku munara kugeza isaha ebyiri niminota makumyabiri nitanu ubwo amatara yerekana ko indege iri mu kaga yatangiye kwaka. Dukurikije uko KIBAT (Kigali Batallion) yabyanditse, ko kwitaliki ya 06 mata 1994 indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe ibisasu ahagana isaa mbiri nigice byumugoroba. Kibat yari batayo yAbabiligi muri MINUAR yari ishinzwe segiteri ya Kigali kandi niyo yari nini cyane kurusha izindi ifite abasirikare magana ane na mirongo itanu kandi ifite nibikoresho bihagije Ni yo rero yari ku isonga rya MINUAR. Ababibonye bose bahuza ko indege yaguye mu busitani bwaho Perezida yari atuye mu metero magana atanu gusa uturutse ku Kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe bugufi yikibuga cyindege. Abari muri iyo ndege bose barahashiriye aribo aba bakurikira : 1. Juvnal Habyarimana, Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda ; 2. Jenerali Dogratias Nsabimana, umugaba wingabo zu Rwanda (FAR); 3. Majoro Thadde Bagaragaza, umunyaruhago wa Perezida Habyarimana ; 4. Koloneli Elie Sagatwa, umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida Habyarimana ; 5. Ambasaderi Juvnal Renzaho, umujyanama mu bya politike mu biro bya Perezida ; 6. Dogiteri Emmanuel Akingeneye, muganga wa Perezida Habyarimana; 7. Cyprien Ntaryamira, Perezida wa Repubulika yu Burundi ; 8. Bernard Ciza, minisitiri witumanaho wu Burundi ; 9. Cyriaque Simbizi, minisitiri wigenamigambi wu Burundi ; 10. Jacky Hraud, kapiteni windege; 11. Jean-Pierre Minaberry, wari wungirije kapiteni ; 12. Jean-Michel Perrine, umukanishi windege iri mu kirere. 43

Nta perereza ryakozwe kwihanurwa ryindege

Nta perereza na rimwe ryigeze rikorwa, habe iryinzego zUmuryango wAbibumbye zari mu Rwanda, habe iryingabo zu Rwanda (FAR) habe irya guverinoma yabatabazi, cyangwa iryurundi rwego urwo ari rwo rwose rubifitiye ubushobozi. Hatanzwe ibitekerezo binyuranye byuko iryo perereza ryakorwa, ariko ntacyo byagezeho ngo hashyirweho komisiyo mpuzamahanga yo gukora iryo prereza. MINUAR ikimara kubona inkuru ko indege yahanuwe yihutiye gukora uko ishoboye kose kugirango irinde aho indege yahanukiye kugirango iperereza rigomba kubaho muri bene izo mpanuka rizorohe. Aliko abasirikare barinda Perezida bari bashinzwe kurinda aho hantu babujije MINUAR kuhagera. Nyamara hakurikijwe amasezerano yumutekano wUmujyi wa Kigali, MINUAR niyo yari ifite inshingano zo kugira icyo ikora kuri bene ibyo bibazo. Mu buhamya bwo ku wa 25 Gashyantare 1998 Jenerali Dallaire yatangiye imbere yurukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda mu rubanza rwAkayezu yavuze ko kwitariki ya 06 Mata ni mugoroba amaze kumenya ko indege yahanuwe, yasabye Komanda wa MINUAR muri segiteri ya Kigali, Koloneli Luc Marchal kohereza ako kanya abasirikare bo kuzenguruka bakarinda aho indege yahanukiye kugirango hazabeho iperereza mpuzamahanga aliko ko ingabo zishinzwe kurinda Perezida zababujije kuhagera : Nta narimwe twigeze twemererwa kugera aho hantu kuko byategetswe kandi bikabuzwa ningabo zirinda Perezida zari zihari.142. Jenerali Dallaire, uwo mugoroba byenda kugera mu ijoro hagati, yari mu biro bikuru byingabo mu kigo cya Kigali. Mu gihe yari akivugana kuri telefoni nintumwa yihariye yumunyamabanga mukuru wumuryango wabibumbye Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, abasirikare bakuru bAbafaransa baje kumusaba kubemerera gukora iperereza kuri iyo mpanuka arabangira kuko yari azi ko Abafaransa bari bafite uruhande babogamiyeho : () abajyanama mu bya gisirikare bAbabiligi nAbafaransa baje ku rugi rwibiro basaba bakomeje ko habaho iperereza ako kanya ryihanuka ryindege, kuko i Bangui muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique, Abafaransa bari bafite inzobere zishinzwe gusesengura impanuka zindege zashobora kuhagera mu masaha cumi nabiri akurikiyeho. Naraberuriye mbabwira ko ibyo bidashobora gukorwa nAbafaransa. Twari tuzi ko Abafaransa bari babogamiye ku ngabo za Leta yu Rwanda, ko iperereza ryose bakora ryaba ribogamye. Nababwiye ko nashoboraga kubona ikipe iturutse muri Otan cyangwa se mu bAnyamerika bari muri Somaliya bakaza bakahagera mu masaha mirongo ine numunani kugirango bakore iryo perereza ; bagiye barakaye 143. Mu ibaruwa yo kuwa kabiri Gicurasi 1994 Jenerali Dallaire yandikiye Minisitiri wIntebe wa Guverinoma yu Rwanda yamubwiye ko MINUAR yashakaga gushyiraho Komisiyo
Urubanza rwAkayesu, Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Romo Dallaire, TPIR (Arusha), Icyumba cya 1, kuwa 25 Gashyantare 1998 143 R. Dallaire, Jai serr la main du diable,urup.294
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mpuzamahanga yo guperereza, amusaba kumubwira ibihugu yifuzaga kuba muri iyo komisiyo anamwibutsa ko batashoboye kugera aho indege yahanukiye kubera ko abasirikare bu Rwanda bababujije kuhagera144. Mu gisubizo cyo ku wa 07 Gicurasi 1994 Minisitiri wIntebe Jean Kambanda, yashubije Jenerali Dallaire ko iyo Komisiyo yagombaga kubamo u Bufaransa kandi akaba aribwo buba Perezida wiyo Komisiyo, U Rwanda, Uburundi, Tanzaniya nUmuryango mpuzamahanga ugenzura indege za gisivili.(OACI)145 Naho Ububirigi bwo kuko bwaregwaga nintagondwa zabahutu ko aribwo bwishe cyangwa bwagize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana 146 bwifuzaga ko iryo perereza rikorwa vuba cyane. Nuko ku wa 12 Mata 1994 bwandikira umuryango mpuzamahanga ugenzura indege za gisivili (OACI) buwusaba gukora iryo perereza 147. Uwo muryango wemeye gushyira icyo kibazo ku murongo wibyigwa mu nteko yawo yo ku wa 25 Mata 1994 aliko mu gihe iyo nama yari yicaye, Perezida wayo asaba ko icyo kibazo cyasubikwa, u Bubirigi bugatanga andi makuru yuzuza ayo bwari bwatanze kugirango uwo muryango ubashe gufata icyemezo.148. Umuryango OACI wumvaga ko indege yahanutse yari iya Leta kandi iri mu gihugu cyayo nuko rero ikibazo cyayo kikaba kitarashoboraga gukemurwa namasezerano mpuzamahanga uwo muryango ugenderaho 149. Ibyemezo binyuranye byInteko ishinzwe umutekano yUmuryango wAbibumbye byakurikiyeho muri Mata na Kamena 1994 byasabaga ko habaho iperereza mpuzamahanga kwihanurwa ryindege aliko ntacyo byatanze. Ku wa 25 Gicurasi 1994, Komisiyo yumuryango wAbibumbye ushinzwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu yashyizeho Bwana Rene Degni Segui150 kuba intumwa yawo yihariye mu Rwanda. Uyu mugabo rero yasabye amafaranga yo kugirango akore iryo perereza aliko barayamwimye bavuga ko umuryango wAbibumbye utari ubifitiye umurongo wingengo yimari yo gukora ibyo. Aravuga ati : nasabye umuryango wAbibumbye gushyiraho komisiyo yiperereza ninzobere mu byerekeye ibisasu kuko umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibyindege za gisivili utashoboraga guperereza ku ndege za gisirikare basubije ko umuryango wAbibumbye udafite umurongo wa bije wo gukora ibyo151. Kuwa 1 Nyakanga 1994, Inteko ishinzwe umutekano yUmuryango wAbibumbye wafashe icyemezo nomero 935 ishyiraho komisiyo yigenga yinzobere ishinzwe gusuzuma no
Jenerali Romeo A. Dallaire, umugaba wingabo za MINUAR, yandikira Minisitiri wIntebe wa Leta yu Rwanda, Kigali , kuwa 02 Gicurasi 1994. Impamvu: Iperereza mpuzamahanga 145 Repubulika yu Rwanda, Ibiro bya Minisitiri wIntebe, Ibaruwa n 014/02.3 yandikiwe Jenerali Majoro Romo A. Dallaire, umugaba wingabo za MINUAR, Kigali, kuwa 07 Gicurasi 1994 146 Itangazo rya RTLM ku mugoroba indege yahanuriweho, ku cyuma cyAmbasade yu Bufaransa mu Rwanda gisubiza telefoni iyo nta muntu uhari: ijwi ku cyuma cyAmbasade yu Bufaransa ryavugaga riti : indege ya Peresida Habyarimana yarashwe nababirigi . Ryavanyweho mu gitondo cyo kuwa 7 Mata. 147 Raporo ya MIP, urup. 236 ; C. Braeckman : Rwanda, Histoireop.cit.,urup.178 148 Linda Melvern, Lattentat 149 Reba ibyemezo bya OACI byo kuwa 21 Mata 1994, 2 Gicurasi1994 no kuwa 17Gicurasi1994. 150 Ibyemezo S-3/1 bya Komisiyo yUmuryango wAbibumbye iharanira uburenganzira bwikiremwa muntu, 25 Gicurasi 1994 151 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na M. Degni-Segui, Sena yu Bubirigi, Komisiyo iperereza ibyabaye mu Rwanda, Inyandikomvugo yo gusesengura ubuhamya, 17 Kamena 1997 ; Raporo yintumwa yihariye ya Komisiyo iharanira uburenganzira bwikiremwa muntu mu Rwanda : S/1994/1153, 28 Kamena 1994.
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gusesengura amakuru yose yerekeranye nibyaha bikomeye binyuranyije namasezerano mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu harimo nibikorwa bya jenoside byakorewe mu Rwanda. Muri raporo yayo isoza yatanzwe ku wa 09 Ugushyingo 1994, iyo komisiyo yavuze ko yabuze amikoro kugirango ikore iryo perereza152 aliko mu myanzuro yayo yibutsa ko iryo perereza rigomba kubaho. Icyo cyifuzo-nama nibindi byose byakibanjirije biturutse mu nzego zitandukanye zUmuryango wAbibumbye ntacyo cyagezeho. Raporo yUmuryango wa OUA yo ku wa 29 Gicurasi 2000 yasabye komisiyo mpuzamahanga yinzobere mu byamategeko gutangira iperereza ryigenga kugirango hamenyekane abagize uruhare mu ihanuka ryindege aliko icyo cyifuzo-nama nacyo barakirangaranye ntibacyitaho. Kwitariki 13 Kanama 1994 mu rugendo rwakazi yagiriye mu Rwanda uhagarariye umuryango wa OACI mu karere kAfurika yamajyepfo, yaganiriye nAbayobozi bu Rwanda babishinzwe, basanga iryo perereza ari ngombwa. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Minisitiri ushinzwe gutwara Abantu nIbintu nItumanaho, Madamu Imakulata Kayumba, minisitiri yamubwiye ko Leta yu Rwanda yashakaga cyane ko iryo perereza rikorwa, kandi ko yari yiteguye gukorana numuryango ahagarariye kugirango rikorwe. Madamu Kayumba yongeyeho ko Leta yu Rwanda izavugana na OACI mu minsi ikurikiraho kugirango bigire hamwe icyo kibazo153. Mu kiganiro yatanze mu ntangiriro yumwaka wa 1995, Visi Perezida wu Rwanda akaba na Minisitiri wIngabo Jenerali Paul Kagame yavuze ko u Rwanda rwari rukeneye cyane kandi ko ari ngombwa ko habaho iperereza ku buryo indege Falcon 50 yahanutse nabayihanuye, agaya ko Umuryango wAbibumbye ntacyo wabifashijemo u Rwanda. Yavuze ko u Rwanda ruzabyikorera nirumara kubona ibikoresho namikoro bikenewe : - Francois Misser (F.M.) : Ese ntabwo ingabo zu Rwanda zigeze zikora iryazo perereza ? Ni nde wahanuye indege ? - Paul Kagame (P.K.) : Ntabwo dufite ibikoresho namikoro byo gukora iryo perereza, turacyashakisha ubushobozi bwo kugirango tubikore. Mu byukuri twakwifuje ko Umuryango wAbibumbye ubidufashamo aliko kugeza ubungubu ntacyo barakora. Icyi kibazo kiri ku murongo wa mbere wibyo tugomba gukemura. - Francois Misser (F.M.): Ni ukuvuga rero ko nibishoboka U Rwanda ruzikorera iperereza ryaryo bwite kwihanurwa ryindege, ni ibyo ? -Paul Kagame (P.K.): Ni ibyo, nta shiti. Icyo dukeneye gusa ni ubushobozi bwo kubikora.154 Ku wa 28 Werurwe 1995, Minisitiri wo gutwara Abantu nIbintu nItumanaho, Dr Charles Muligande, wari warasimbuye Madamu Kayumba kuri uwo mwanya, yandikiye uhagarariye umuryango OACI mu karere ufite icyicaro i Nairobi, amusaba mu rwego rwubutwererane bwuwo muryango nibihugu biwugize gufasha U Rwanda gusesengura ibyabaye ku ndege Falcon 50 9XRNN yahanutse ku wa 06 Mata 1994 i Kigali155. U Rwanda rwatanze igitekerezo
152

Raporo ya nyuma ya Komisiyo yinzobere yashyizweho nicyemezo 935 (1994) cyInama Ishinzwe Umutekano ku Isi, S/1994/1405, 9 Ukuboza 1994 153 Telegaramu yo kuwa 02 Nzeri 1994 yanditswe nuwari ahagarariye u Bubirigi muriOACI, Montral, yavugaga ku Ihanuka ryindege i Kigali 060494 . 154 Franois Misser, Vers un nouveau Rwanda op.cit., urup.79 155 Repubulika yu Rwanda, Minisiteri yItumanaho no Gutwara Abantu nIbintu, ibaruwa yandikiwe Bwana Z.M BALIDDANA, wari uhagarariye OACI mu karere, Kigali, kuwa 28 Werurwe1996.

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ko Sosiyete Dassault yakoze iyo ndege ibigiramo uruhare. Mu byo U Rwanda rwasabye izo nzego nta na kimwe cyakozwe.156. Ibibazo byerekeye icyuma gifata amajwi kitwa agasanduka kirabura Kuva muri 1994 kugeza ubu amateka yicyuma gifata amajwi cyindege ya Perezida wu Rwanda Falco 50 cyavuzweho byinshi kugeza igihe bamwe bavugaga ko iyo ndege itari igifite, naho abandi bibaza irengero ryacyo. Imaze gukora iperereza ryayo, Komite yageze kumyanzuro ihamye ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Falcon 50 yari ifite ako gasanuka kirabura byaba aribyo hakamenyekana ikigo cyangwa umuntu waba agafite. Amakuru yatanzwe indege ikimara guhanuka yavugaga ko agasanduka kirabura kayo kari mu Bufaransa Mu byumweru byakurikiye ihanuka ryindege hagiye hatangwa amakuru anyuranye yerekeye Agasanduka kirabura kiyo ndege. Amwe muri yo nta shingiro na rimwe yari afite, nkayatanzwe na Paul Barril.

Ibinyoma bya Paul Barril nuko byaje kunyomozwa na Sosiyete Dassault Services Aviation yakoze indege Ibyerekeye agasanduka kirabura ka Falcon 50 byasakaye cyane mu makuru, ubwo Barril yaramaze kubwira ikinyamakuru le Monde ko afite aka gasanduka. Uwo mugabo wahoze ari Kapitene ayobora muri gendarumeri yAbafaransa, umutwe wabagendarme binzobere mwiperereza, hanyuma akaza kwirukanwa kubera guhimba ubuhamya mu rubanza rwikiswe aba Irlandais ba Vincennes. Yari yarahindutse umuyobozi wikirenga P.D.G. wisosiyete yigenga yitwa Secrets cyangwa Amabanga itanga serivise zidasanzwe ziperereza. Nuko abwira icyo kinyamakuru le Monde ko yagiye i Kigali akazana ako gasanduka kirabura kandi ko yari yiteguye kugaha inzego mpuzamahanga zigitangira gukora iperereza kwihanurwa ryiyo ndege157. Ku wa 28 Kamena 1994, Barril yatanze ikiganiro kuri televiziyo yAbafaransa France 2 yerekana agasanduka kicyuma kibara ryumukara gafite impande enye nibidongi bitatu binini byubwoko bwa Assman, buri kimwe kizingiyeho agashumi kariho amasaha umunani yibiganiro.158. Ubwo rero yavugaga ko afite ibyavuzwe bya nyuma byose hagati yindege Falcon 50 numunara wikibuga cyindege cya Kigali. Yanavugaga ko yari afite imbunda zarashe ibisasu byubwoko bwa Sam 7 byaba byarakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, arega FPR ko ariyo yabikoze kandi ko ibyo bisasu byarashwe bituruka mu

MIP, Imigereka, urup. 248. Herv Gattegno na Corinne Lesnes, Rwanda. Lnigme de la bote noire , Le Monde, 28 Kamena 1994 ; Amakuru kuri televiziyo France 2 yuwo munsi 13h yasomwe na Daniel Bilalian 158 Le Monde, 28 Kamena 1994 ; Golias Magazine n 101, Werurwe/Mata 2005, urup.34
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cyerekezo cya Masaka, anahamya ko icyo gice cyari mu maboko yingabo za FPR159. Yanerekanye igipfunyika yavugaga ko kirimo za telex yakuye ku kibuga cyindege cya Kigali mu minsi namasaha byabanjirije ihanurwa ryindege, ko harimo igitabo kirimo amazina yabantu bose bacungaga umutekano ku kibuga cyindege, nabandi bakozi bari ku izamu na za serivise zishinzwe itumanaho no kuyobora indege mu kirere. Icyo gihe Barril yerekanye amafoto yibisigazwa byindege nimirambo yabantu bayiguyemo. Yahamyaga ko yagiye mu Rwanda inshuro ebyiri muri Mata no muri Gicurasi 1994. Yavuze ko ubwa mbere yari ahari kwitariki 07 Mata 1994 akahamara iminsi mike abisabwe numuryango wa Perezida Habyarimana kugirango aperereze ibyerekeranye nurupfu rwumukuru wigihugu. Ku munsi wakurikiye ibyo Barril yari amaze kwerekana, Sosiyete Dassault Falcon Service, yakoze indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana kandi yari ishinzwe no kuyitaho, yavuze ko nta cyuma na kimwe gifata amajwi cyarimo, ahubwo ko harimo ibindi byuma bishobora kuyafata iyo uyoboye indege abyishyriyemo160. Dassault yongeyeho ko ubwo indege yaherukaga mu igaraji mu Ukwakira 1993 nta byuma bifata amajwi byari muri iyo ndege 161. Ni nako Dassault yabwiye sosiyete yubwishingizi bwindege AIRCLAIMS France mu ntangiriro yumwaka w1995. Baravuze bati: indege Falcon 50 ntiyari ifite ibyuma byandika uko indege iriho iguruka ; yari ifite ibyuma bishobora gufata amajwi yabayoboye indege aliko bitari byagashyizwe mu buryo byakoreshwa162. Dassault yanasobanuye ko akitwa agasanduku kirabura, mu byukuri katirabura ahubwo ko ari ibara ryironji rihishishije cyane kugirango gashobore kuboneka bitaruhanije igihe habaye impanuka163. Iminsi cumi nitanu nyuma yubwo, ikinyamakuru le Monde cyemeye ko Barril yagihemukiye akagikoresha mu gutanga amakuru yibinyoma, naho ikinyamakuru cyAbabiligi le Soir, gisohoka buri munsi cyanditse kibaza niba ibisigazwa byagasanduku kumukara byerekanywe kuri televiziyo yAbafaransa bitari ibihimbano byo kwibagiza ibyo icyo kinyamakuru cyari kimaze gucukumbura.164 Kwitariki 19 Kamena 2001, Dassault yaje kwivuguruza mu buryo budasubirwaho mu nyandiko yoherereje ubucamanza bwo mu Bufaransa ivuga ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yari ifite ibyuma byuzuye byo gufata amajwi yabayoboye indege CVR cyangwa Cockpit Voice Recorder)165 ko hatarimo gusa ibyuma byoroheje bashoboraga gushyiraho ari uko babishatse nkuko byavuzwe mu myaka ya 1994 na 1995. Amakuru yatanzwe nAbanyarwanda, Ababiligi nAbafaransa

Barril yahawe kuwa 06 Mata icyemezo cyo gukora iperereza nubushakashatsi kivuye kuri Madamu Agathe Habyarimana, kimuha inshingano yo gukora iperereza ku buryo bushoboka bwose kugirango ukuri kumenyekane uko indege yahanuwe , kumenya abayihanuye cyane cyane ababatumye , no gukora ibikenewe byose kugirango bahanwe. 160 Le soir, 29 Kamena 1994 161 Le Monde, 08 Nyakanga 1994 162 AIRCLAIMS France, dosiye n94/191 yerekeye kuri Leta yu Rwanda impanuka yo kuwa 6 Mata 1994 ya Falcon 50 9XR-NN 163 Libration 164 Le soir, 29 Kamena 1994 165 Le Monde, 11 Kamena 2004

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Amakuru yabonetse mu Rwanda no hanze yIgihugu yemeza ko, kuva muri Mata 1994 agasanduka kirabura katwawe nabasirikare bakuru bAbafaransa166. Umwe mu bakuru ba MRND, Madamu Siperansiya Karwera Mutwe, mu mwaka w1994 yavuze ko : Ibyerekeye agasanduka kumukara kindege kari mu maboko yabategetsi bu Rwanda kugirango bagasuzume nyuma yaho abasirikare barindaga Perezida birukanye Ababiligi bageragezaga kujya kugakura mu bisigazwa byindege167. Bukeye bwitangazwa ryiyo nkuru, ku wa 15 Mata 1994, Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga muri Guverinoma yagateganyo, Jerome Bicamumpaka, yandikira abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda abemeza ko : Ibyavuye mu isuzumwa ryagasanduka kumukara bizashyirwa mu iperereza, aliko igihe tugitegereje ko bikorwa, byaba ari ukwigerezaho twemeje bidasubirwaho abateye iyo mpanuka yishe Perezida Habyarimana168. Ku mugaragaro, Jerome Bicamumpaka yemeje ko Falcon 50 yari ifite ako gasanduka, icyo gihe kari gafitwe na guverinoma. Yashoboraga ate gusakaza inkuru nkiyo atayizi neza? Igihe yatangaga ubuhamya muri Komisiyo yIgihugu yigenga Ishinzwe iperereza ku ruhare Leta yAbafaransa yagize muri jenoside, Koloneri Evariste Murenzi wari umukuru wiperereza mu gisirikare gishinzwe kurinda Perezida muri Mata 1994 yahamirije iyo Komisiyo ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Falcon 50 yari ifite agasanduka. Koloneli Murenzi yamenyesheje ko Koloneli Aloys Ntiwiragabo wari umukuru wiperereza mu gisirikare ku cyicaro gikuru cyIngabo zIgihugu (G2) yamubwiye ko ari we wari ubitse agasanduka kirabura bamaze kukavana mu gikanka cyindege169. Ku wa 19 Mata, abasirikare babiri bAbafaransa bakoreraga mu Rwanda, Bernard Cussac na Jean Jacques Maurin bohereje inyandiko ku bategetsi bAbafaransa ivuga ko, kuwa 06 Mata 1994 saa 21h30, Komanda De Saint Quentin yakoze raporo ibamenyesha ko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko agasanduka kirabura gahari.170. Kolonel Bernard Cussac yari afatanije kuba ashinzwe ibya gisirikare muri ambasade yu Bufaransa mu Rwanda, no kuba umukuru wibiro byubutwererane bwa gisirikare kuva muri Nyakanga 1991 kugera muri Mata 1994. Hagati ya Nyakanga 1991 nUkuboza 1993 yari na komanda wibikorwa byigisirikare cyu Bufaransa mu Rwanda byiswe Norot171. Naho Liyetona Koloneli Jean Jacques Maurin wari umwungirije muri ambasade yari ashinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare172 akaba numujyanama wUmugaba wIngabo zIgihugu (FAR) kuva muri Mata 1992 kugeza muri Mata 1994, yari yasimbuye Liyetona Koloneli Gilles Chollet nyuma yuko itangazamakuru ryaguye ku nyandiko ya Minisiteri yUbubanyi nAmahanga yu Rwanda ivuga

Libration, 28 Kamena 1994 Jeune Afrique, 14 Mata 1994 168 Byavuzwe muri Andr Guichaoua (Dir.), Les crises politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda, Universit des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 1994, urup. 680 169 Ubuhamya Koloneli Evariste Murenzi yahaye Komisiyo yIgihugu Yigenga Ishinzwe Iperereza ku Ruhare Leta yAbafaransa yagize muri jenoside yAbatutsi, Kigali, 30 Ukwakira 2007 170 Jean-Claude Lefort, Inyandiko n6 yandikiwe Bernard Cazeneuve, Dosiye n12, Ivry, 25 Kanama 1998. Byavuzwe muri La Nuit Rwandaise, isohoka rimwe mu mwaka, n2, 7 Mata 2008, urup. 238 171171 MIP, Imigereka, urup.15 172 MIP, Imigereka, urup.16
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ko Koloneli Chollet yari umujyanama wUmugaba wIkirenga wingabo zIgihugu173 (Umukuru wIgihugu) akaba nuwumuyobozi wibiro bikuru byingabo22. Iyo myanya ikomeye yabo basirikare babiri bakuru bAbafaransa iratwereka ko bari bafite amakuru yimvaho. Muri Kamena 1994, ikinyamakuru cyitwa le Soir cyaranditse : Iperereza ryAbabiligi riragenda buhoro, icyakora nabo baremeza ko agasanduka kumukara katwawe na Komanda De Saint Quetin agakuye aho indege yahanukiye ubu kakaba kari i Paris gahishe amakuru yingirakamaro. None kugeza ubu kari ahantu kabitswe nkibanga ryingabo zu Bufaransa.174 . Hashize iminsi mike, icyo kinyamakuru cyanditse ko Radio Rwanda yemezaga hashize ibyumweru bibiri ko Barril yakuye agasanduka kirabura i Kigali, ko guverinoma yagateganyo nta mwanya yari ifite yo kukitaho175 . Inyandiko yAmbasade yUbubirigi muri Ethiopie ivuga ku kiganiro cyatanzwe ku wa 05 Gicurasi 1994 i Addis-Abeba nabadipolomate babiri bAbanyarwanda mu gihe Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga muri guverinoma yagateganyo, Jerome Bicamumpaka yari mu rugendo i Paris bavugaga ko yarajyanywe mu Bufaransa no kubasaba ngo basesengure agasanduka kirabura kindege yahanuwe 176. Ku wa 27 Kamena 1994, Minisitiri wAbafaransa ushinzwe gutwara Ibintu nAbantu yamenyesheje Umukuru wibiro byuwungirije Minisitiri wIntebe wUbubirigi, Bwana Di Rupo, ko abategetsi bAbafaransa bafite agasanduku ku mukara kindege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanuwe iri mu rugendo, ko bagafite ku girango bazagashyire imbere ya ICAO177. Iyo nkuru igeze kuri juge Damien Vandermeersch, wapererezaga kwiyicwa ryabasirikare cumi bAbabiligi, yohereza inyandiko kuri Komiseri Mukuru wubugenzacyaha i Buruseli aho yasabaga ibisobanuro kuri iyo nkuru (yatanzwe na minisitiri wAbafaransa ushinzwe gutwara ibintu nabantu) ko u Bufaransa bwaba bufite agasanduku kumukara kindege ya Perezida. Umucamanza Vandermeersch atanga ibibazo byo kubaza uwo mukuru wubugenzacyaha, M Durinckx, wari wahawe inyandiko yAbafaransa : Yahawe amakuru ahagije kuri iyo ngingo, yabazaga aho ako gasanduku kumukara gaherereye kuri iyi saha, kandi niba abategetsi bAbafaransa barayisesenguye cyangwa barakoze iperereza.178. Kuwa 10 Ukwakira 1995, Michel Waterplas, umufasha wa porokireri wumwami mu intara ya Buruseri yakoreye raporo umucamanza Vandermeersch ku buhamya bwa Bwana Durinckx, amumenyesha ko itangazo ryavugaga ko Abafaransa ari bo bafite agasanduku kumukara baribeshyuje bo nyine kwitariki ya 28/06/1994179. Mu yandi magambo, umunsi ukurikira wo kwemeza kwa Ministiri wUbafaransa ko ari u Bufaransa bufite agasanduku kumukara, hanyuma hagakurikiraho kubihakana, byatera kwibaza impamvu yiryo hindagurika nkuko byanditswe mu 1998 nikinyamakaru cya buri cyumweru cyAbafaransa lExpress cyafashe
Jean-Paul Goteux, La Nuit rwandaise. Limplication de la France dans le dernier gnocide du sicle, Izuba editions/LEsprit frappeur, Paris, 2002, urup.481 et 495. 174 Le Soir, 24 Kamena 1994 175 Le Soir, 28 Kamena 1994 176 AMBABEL ADDIS-ABEBA A BELEXT BRU 193 KUWA 05.05.94 177 Telegaramu yo kuwa 27.06.1994 yanditswe na Frank DURINCKX, serivisi yumutekano, Minisiteri yitumanaho nibikorwa remezo, ayoherereje,VAN WINSEN, wakoraga mu bucamanza bwa gisirikare i Buruseli. 178 Ibiro byumucamanza Damien VANDERMEERSCH, Dosiye n57/95, yerekeye ku basirikare bababirigi bari mu ngabo zUmuryango wAbibumbye, Buruseli, kuwa 14 Nzeri 1995 179 Abagenzacyaha ba Parike yUmushinjacyaha Mukuru, igice cyibyaha bikomeye, PJ 29, Imigereka0, n41652, Dosiye : 57/95 yo kuwa14.9.95. Inyandiko yohererejwe umucamanza Vandermeersch, 10 Ukwakira 1995
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umwanzuro kigira kiti : Byose biraganisha mu kwemeza ko Paris ariyo ifite ibisobanuro byiryo hurizo. Umuhamya umwe yiboneye icyuma gifata amajwi mu ndege mu rugo rwumujyanama wigisirikare wUmufaransa hashize amasaha make indege iguye180. Iyindi nkuru yavugiwe ahagaragara iturutse mu nyandiko yasohowe mu itangazo ryinteko ishinga amategeko yu Bufaransa ryanditswe numwe muri bo, depite wumukomuniste Jean Claude Lefort, kuwa 20 Ukwakira 1998 aryoherereje umwe mu banditsi ba Raporo yAbadepite bAbafaransa bakoze ku Rwanda (MIP), Bernard Cazeneuve, asobanura ko umuJenerali Rannou wUmufaransa yemeje ko Falcon 50 yari ifite nta gushidikanya udusanduku tubiri twumukara: Ibaruwa ya Jenerali Rannou yo ku wa 15 Kamena 1998 yemeza ku mugaragaro ko mu ndege ya Falcon 50 harimo udusanduku tubiri twumukara nkuko bisanzwe, aka CVR (gafata amajwi yibiganiro byabatwaye indege) nakandi kandika ibipimo byerekana imigendere yindege. Sinzi niba isesengura ryayo ryarashoboye gusobanura neza impamvu yiyo mpanuka nkuko Jenerali Rannou abitekereza181, aliko ndabona ko hari uwatekereje ko kutuzimiza ari byo byaba byiza (ntabwo ari twebwe duca umurongo.) Ibyo byagabanya abakekwa hagasigara gusa abageze aho indege yahanukiye mu masaha yakurikiye182 Ku wa 08 Mutarama 2007, imyaka icyenda nyuma yimirimo ya MIP, Jean-claude Lefort yakomezaga kwemeza ibi bikurikira: Ndabibutsa ko mu minota cumi nitanu yakurikiye ihanuka, umusilikare mukuru wUmufaransa yari yageze aho. Nkuko byigaragaza, uwo musirikare niwe ufite udusanduku tubiri twumukara nibice bya misile. () Ndibwira ko utwo dusanduku tubiri twumukara twa Falcon ya Perezida turi mu biganza byabategetsi bAbafaransa kuva 1994183 Ibindi byaje kuvuguruzwa nyuma: Agasanduka kirabura kagahimbano mu Muryango wAbibumbye Mu nkuru yacyo yo kuwa 10 Werurwe 2004, ikinyamakuru le Monde cyagaragaje ko hari raporo yiperereza r yumucamanza Bruguire, yakorewe uwahoze ari umukuru windege zUmuryango wAbibumbye i Kigali, umunyakanada Roger Lambo, ko yaba yarerekanye ko agasanduku kumukara kafashwe kakajyanwa mu Muryango wAbibumbye muri 1994. Ako kanya inkuru igisohoka, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wUmuryango wAbibumbye, Koffi Annan, numuvugizi we, Fred Eckhard babeshyuza iyo nkuru ; uwo muvugizi aravuga ati : Birashekeje kwemeza ko duhishe agasanduku kumukara kindege mu cyicaro gikuru cyangwa se aho ari ho hose184 Nyuma yiminsi ibiri, ikinyamakuru le Monde cyongeye kwandika cyerekana ibice bimwe byiyo raporo aho Roger Lambo yemeraga ko : yafashe agasanduku kumukara kindege ya Perezida yahanutse, akagatwara ku cyicaro cyUmuryango wAbibumbye i New York
LExpress, 12/02/1998 Jean Rannou yari umunyamabanga mukuru mu biro byigisirikare muri minisiteri yingabo zu Bufaransa kuva muri Mata 1991 kugeza muri Gicurasi1994 182 Jean-Claude Lefort, Inyandiko n 19 yandikiwe Bernard Cazeneuve, dosiye yihanurwa ryindege n2, Paris, 20 Ukwakira 1998. Byavuzwe muri La Nuit Rwandaise, nomero 2, yo kuwa 7 Mata 2008, urup.246 183 Jean-Claude Lefort, La Nuit Rwandaise, Op.cit., urup.231 184 Le Monde, 10 Werurwe2004
181 180

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Ikinyamakuru le Monde cyagaragaje ko agasanduku kumukara kageze kUmuryango wAbibumbye i Kigali ku buryo bwamayobera hanyuma kakoherezwa i Narobi , nyuma yaho kakajyanwa ku cyicaro i New York hakoreshejwe agaseke kibanga. Le monde irongera iti : agasanduku kumukara kari kameze neza gafite inyandiko nizina byuwagakoze ninomero zigihe kakorewe koherejwe rero i New York kwitegeko ryumukuru windege wo ku cyicaro cyumuryango wabibumbye icyo gihe yari Andy Sequin185 Nubwo wabanje kubyangira, Umuryango wAbibumbye ntiwatinze kwikorera iperereza ryawo, ukavumbura agasanduka gafata amajwi yabatwaye indege (CVR)186 mu bubiko bwabo bavuga ko ari aka Falcon 50 ya Perezida wu Rwanda. Fred Eckhard yasobanuye ko ibyo atari byo, kubera ko inzobere mu byumutekano wikirere bo mUmuryango wAbibumbye, bemeye rugikubita ko agasanduka babahaye kari gashya kadashobora kuba akindege yahanutse187. Bafashe umwanzuro ko ntaho gahuriye nihanurwa ryindegeya Perezida Habyarimana, bagafungirana mu kabati bemeza ko nta kamaro gafite188. Kamaze kuboneka, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wUmuryango wAbibumbye yategetse ko gakorerwa isesengura. Isesengura rya mbere ryahawe ibiro bishinzwe umutekano wikirere cyAmerika (NTSB) bigenzurwa na OACI. Irindi sesengura rigenzura iryakozwe mbere ryahawe ikigo kigenga cyo muri Canada189. Bafunguye ku wa 16 Werurwe 2004, ibisubizo byatanzwe ku murongo wa internet wUmuryango wabibumbye ku wa mbere 07 Kamena 2004. Mu myanzuro, izo sosiyete zombi zavuze ko zumvise amajwi avuga igifaransa ku nyakiramajwi, ariko ibiganiro nibindi bijyanye na tekiniki byerekanaga ko ari inyakiramajwi yo ku butaka atari iyo mu kirere. Bafata umwanzuro ko ntawahakana ko icyo cyuma gifata amajwi cyashoboraga gukoreshwa mu ndege ya Perezida ariko bakomeza kwemeza ko icyo cyuma kitari mu ndege igihe ihanurwa190; bishatse kuvuga ko icyuma cyari mUmuryango wabibumbye atari cyo cyari mu ndege ya Habyarimana191. Ibi birerekana ko hariho abantu bakomeye bari inyuma yubu buriganya. Ubuhamya bwemeza ko Abafaransa aribo batwaye agasanduka kirabura Abasirikare bakuru bAbafaransa babaye aba mbere mu kugera aho indege yahanukiye kandi hari bamwe mubahoze ari abasirikare mu ngabo zu Rwanda bahamya ko bababonye barimo kujagajaga ibisigazwa byindege. Ntibyakunvikana ko abo basirikare batashakishaga ikintu cyose cyerekana uko indege yahanutse nabayihanuye. Komanda Grgoire De Saint Quentin yari umutoza muri batayo yabaparakomando kandi afite uburenganzira bwo kugera ahantu hose hakomeye, arahamya mu ibaruwa ye yo kuwa 16 Ukwakira 1998 yandikiye Bernard Cazeneuve wari umwanditsi wa komisiyo yinteko ishinga amategeko yu Bufaransa yataraga amakuru ku bikorwa bya Leta yu Bufaransa mu Rwanda (mission dinformation parlementaire) cyangwa MIP mu magambo ahinnye, ko yageze inshuro enye aho Perezida yari atuye: ku mugoroba wo
185 186

Le Monde, 12 Werurwe2004 Ibidem 187 Ibidem 188 Ibidem 189 Le Monde, 11 Kamena 2004 190 Le Monde, 11 Kamena 2004 191 AFP, 7 Kamena 2004

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kuwa 06 Mata, kuwa 07, kuwa 09 no kuwa 11Mata 1994192.: Inshuro nagiye aho Perezida yari atuye zose hamwe zari enye. Ukuyeho iyo kuwa 11 Mata, nagiye yo kuya 06 Mata nimugoroba, kuya 07 Mata mu gitondo, no kuwa 09 Mata nyuma ya saa sita kugirango mpe umupfakazi wa Perezida Habyarimana uburyo bwo guhunga. Icyo nakongeraho kugirango bisobanuke neza nuko nagiye aho indege yahanukiye kwitariki ya 06 Mata nimugoroba no ku ya 07 Mata mu gitondo. Kwitariki ya 09 nibwo ninjiye mu nzu, kuya 11 nagarukiye kwirembo193. Aha rero biragaragara neza ko De Saint Quentin avuga neza ibyo yakoze kwitariki ya 09 niya 11 Mata, guhungisha umuryango wa Perezida Habyarimana, ariko ntavuga icyo yakoze mu buryo bwumvikana kwitariki ya 06 Mata nimugoroba no kwitariki ya 07 Mata mu gitondo. Nyamara abatangabuhamya benshi bavuga ko De Saint Quentin yajagajaze igikanka cyindege bikaba byakwemeza ko yashakishaga agasanduka kirabura. Nta kuntu rero yashoboraga gushishikarira gushakisha icyuma cyingirakamaro cyane nka kiriya atazi bidasubirwaho ko gihari. Umubiligi, Dr Pasuch Massimo, wari Liyetona Koloneli mu butwererane bwa gisirikare hagati yu Rwanda nUbubirigi yabwiye ushinzwe iperereza mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rwAbabiligi kwitariki ya 09 Gicurasi 1994 ibi bikurikira : Indege igiturikira mu kirere namenye ko bicitse, nshaka komanda De Saint Quentin kugirango dufatanye kumenya uko byagenze. Umugore we yambwiye ko abasirikare bAbafaransa bari bagiye kureba aho indege yahanukiye. Nyuma yaho naje kubonana na Komanda De Saint Quentin ambwira ko bishoboka ko Abafaransa bonyine ari bo bari bemerewe kugera aho indege yahanukiye. Aliko ko nabo bari bategereje ko bucya kugirango bashakishe agasanduka kirabura194 . Murego Froduard wari umusirikare muri batayo yabapara komando kuva muri 1987 kugera muri 1994, yahaye Komite ubuhamya, atangira ayibwira ikintu kitari kizwi mbere, ko Abafaransa bagize uruhare ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 mu gutegura no guha amabwiriza batayo yabaparakomando gutangira kwica, hanyuma asobanura ko ibisigazwa byindege byasatswe ku buryo bunononsoye. Aravuga ati: Indege imaze guhanuka, twahawe itegeko ryo guteranira imbere yibiro byacu kuri unite ya CRAP. Aho twateraniye hari Abafaransa batwigishaga kandi nabonye uwo nari nzi De Saint Quentin wari warasimbuye Reffalo, mbona na Janne wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri unite yacu. Turaho mu kibuga cya kaburimbo, De Saint Quentin yavuganaga nabaofisiye bAbanyarwanda barimo Majoro Ntabakuze; bamaze kuvugana, Liyetona Kanyamikenke, watuyoboraga ariwe ushinzwe unite ya CRAP yadutegetse kujya aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye. Twajyanyeyo nawe na Majoro Ntabakuze. Tuhageze, twatangiye kurundanya imirambo. Turangije kuyibona yose abasirikare bAbafaransa batangira gushakisha agasanduka kirabura aliko sinzi niba barakabonye kuko nagiye mu gitondo nkahabasiga195
Raporo ya MIP, urup.236 Ibaruwa ifite kopi ku Imigerekawa Raporo ya MIP, urup.241 194 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Pasuch Massimo muri dosiye n 02 02545 N94 C8 mu biro byubucamanza bwa gisirikare. Buruseli, kuwa 09 Gicurasi1994 195 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 27 Gashyantare 2008 ; reba nubundi buhamya bwatanzwe na 1er Serija Munyaneza Emmanuel na Caporali Nzayisenga Jean Baptiste bwatanzwe imbere ya Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2008
193 192

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Serija-majoro Barananiwe Jean Marie Vianney wari mu ngabo zirinda Perezida kuva 1977 kugera 1994 niwe wari uyoboye itsinda ryabasirikare bashinzwe kurinda urugo rwa Perezida Habyarimana ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994 . Yari ayoboye abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda irembo rinini rwigipangu, naho uwari umukuriye ashinzwe kurinda aho hantu hose, yari Liyetona Evariste Sebashyitsi. Serija majoro Barananiwe avuga ko Abafaransa hari icyo bashakishije cyane mu bisigazwa byindege kandi ko babikoze inshuro nyinshi, hanyuma bakagira ibyuma batwara bari bavanye kuri iyo ndege birimo nagasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati : Majoro Ntabakuze niwe wahageze mbere yinjirira ku muryango wo hepfo ahari inzu yingurube ambaza niba nzi indege yari imaze guhanuka iyo ari yo . Ndamusubiza nti ni indege ya Perezida. Yagiye kubyirebera. Hanyuma natwe tujya kureba ibyari byabaye. Ako kanya abasirikare bAbafaransa barahageze bafite za kasike namasitimu. Natwe twafasheho amwe kuri ayo masitimu kuko ayacu yari ataratugeraho kandi hari umwijima mwinshi. Badufashije kurundanya imirambo yari inyanyagiye ahantu hose. Kandi batangiye no gushakisha agasanduka kirabura. Tumaze kurundanya imirambo,bayiteye imiti yo kuyibuza kwangirika tuyobowe na Dr Baransaritse hanyuma ishyirwa mu cyumba cyo kwakiriramo abashyitsi. Muri iryo joro abandi baje ni majoro Mpiranya, Madamu Jeanne umukobwa wa Perezida numugabo we nabasirikare ba CRAP bari bazanywe na Majoro Ntabakuze. Bahamaze iminsi ibiri. Abafaransa baje gushakisha agasanduka kirabura, kwitariki ya 07 niya 08/4/1994 aliko sinibuka neza umunsi bakaboneyeho. Kwitariki ya 08/4/1994, Abarundi nabo baje gutwara imirambo yabantu babo. Abafaransa bagarutse kuya 09/04/1994 gutwara umuryango wa Perezida Habyarimana umunsi wakurikiyeho kwitariki ya 10/04/1994. Imirambo yajyanywe i Gitarama ijyanywe na Leta yabatabazi hanyuma iza gutwarwa ku Gisenyi. Habyarimana wenyine niwe waje guhambwa i Gbadolite, abandi bose bahambwe kuri Goma196. Ntawishunga Edouard, wagiye mu gisirikare muri 1969 aza kujya muri batayo L.A.A kuva 1988 kugera 1994, yari umushoferi wa Komanda yikambi ya Kanombe, Koloneli Flicien Muberuka aza kumujyana aho Perezida yari atuye iminota mike indege imaze kugwa. Yatanze Ubuhamya avuga ko Abafaransa bashatse bakanatwara agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati : Ako kanya indege ihanutse, Koloneli Muberuka yantegetse kumutwara aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye. Hagiye yo nabandi ba ofisiye barimo abasirikare babiri bAbafaransa bigishaga batayo ya parakomando. Bajyanye na Majoro Ntabakuze wari komanda wa batayo yabaparakomando. Muri abo Bafaransa namenyemo De Saint Quentin niwe wari ubayoboye . Sininjiye mu rugo nasigaye hanze ku modoka nari ntwaye. Bagenzi banjye bambwiye abantu bari mu rugo, bambwira ko De Saint Quentin yashatse kandi akabona agasanduka kirabura kindege197.
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Segatama Emmanuel na Zigirumugabe Grgoire, bari abasirikare mu ngabo zirinda Perezida muri 1994, bari bamwe mu barinze irembo rinini ryurugo, bayobowe na Serija majoro Barananiwe. Bombi batanze ubuhamya ko babonye abasirikare bAbafaransa bashakisha agasanduka kirabura. Segatama ati : Abafaransa baje aho indege yari yahanukiye ku mugoroba witariki 06 Mata baherekejwe na Ntabakuze na bamwe mu basirikare ba CRAP. Nabonaga Abafaransa badashishikajwe no gushakisha imirambo, ahubwo barimo gusuzuma amadosiye yaranyanyagiye aho ngaho, hanyuma batangira gucukumbura mu ibisigazwa byindege. Ntibari bitaye ku bantu. Umunsi wakurikiyeho mu gitondo baragarutse bakomeza kujagajaga mu gikanka cyindege . Bari bane cyangwa batanu198 . Zigirumugabe yongeyeho ko agasanduka kirabura kabonetse ku munsi wakurikiye uwo indege yahanukiyeho. Aravuga ati: Nyuma yindege guhanuka, Majoro Ntabakuze nabari bamuherekeje nibo bageze bwa mbere aho indege yari yaguye. Yakurikiwe na Majoro Mpiranya wari udukuriye. Nyuma yaho, Abafaransa nabo barahageze. Ako kanya bagiye ku bisigazwa byindege batangira gusaka basa naho bashakisha icyuma gifata amajwi. Uwo mugoroba ntacyo babonye . Ku munsi wakurikiyeho mu gitondo nka saa mbiri baragarutse bakomeza gushakisha. Numvise babwira umuliyotona umwe mubari badukuriye ntibuka izina ko bari bamaze kubona icyo cyuma, ndibwira ko aricyo bita agasanduka kirabura. Ni uko nabonye ibintu kandi niko byagenze199. Abandi batangabuhamya bavuga bimwe naba batatu tumaze kuvuga hejuru, bavugako ibisigazwa byindege byasatswe cyane hashakirwamo agasanduka kirabura. Sergent Tegera Aloys winjiye mu ngabo muri 1973, akaba yari mu ngabo zishinzwe kurinda Perezida muri 1994, yoherejwe kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kwitariki 06 niya 07 Mata 1994. Aravuga ko aba ofisiye batatu bAbafaransa bashakishije cyane agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati : Ndibuka ko nabonye aho indege yahanukiye, umwofisiye wUmufaransa wigishaga muri batayo yabaparakomando ndumva yari afite grade ya Capitaine, yari hamwe nabandi basirikare babiri bAbafaransa ariko niwe wenyine nabashije kumenya. Hari mu gitondo cyitariki ya 07 Mata nka saa tatu yagiye aho ibisigazwa byindege byari biri avuga ko agiye gushaka agasanduka kirabura. Iryo jambo ndahamya rwose ko yarivuze kuko naryiyumviye namatwi yanjye. Ariko njye sinigeze mbona ako agasanduka kirabura kugirango mbe nabasha kuvuga uko gasa. Nta nubwo nari nkitayeho cyane. Ndibuka neza ko ntabandi banyamahanga nabonye aho ukuyeho abo bafaransa batatu200 Nzayisenga Jean Baptiste winjiye mu ngabo zu Rwanda muri 1987,agashyirwa muri 1988 muri batayo yabaparakomando kugeza muri Mata 1994, yari umwe mu bagize Kompanyi CRAP yari iri aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye ku mugoroba wa 06 Mata 1994. Avuga ko yabonye Abafaransa bashakisha agasanduka kirabura mu gitondo cyo kuwa 07 Mata : Aravuga ati :
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 Ku mugoroba witariki ya 06 Mata, nkisaha imwe indege imaze guhanuka nari umwe mu boherejwe kurinda aho Perezida yari atuye. Nari mu kigo imbere abandi basirikali bari hanze. Aho narindi kwitariki 06 Mata ntabwo nashoboraga kubona neza abantu bari aho indege yari yahanukiye. Ariko mu gitondo nashoboraga kuhabona kuko hari ku manywa. Ndibuka neza rero ko kwitariki 07 Mata, nabonye Abafarasa batatu bari ku bisigazwa byindege. Numvise bavuga ko bashaka agasanduka kirabura basaba bagenzi banjye kubafasha gushakisha. Sinzi niba barabashije kukabona201. Ntibategera Lonard, wari umusirikare muri batayo yabaparakomando kuva muri 1982 kugeza muri 1994 yari umwe mubari barinze aho indege yahanukiye, avuga ko Abafaransa bashakishaga agasanduka kirabura. Aravuga ati: Kwitariki 07 Mata mu gitondo nkisaha imwe ndi umwe mu boherejwe kujya kurinda aho indege yahanukiye. Abafaransa bahaje bavuga ko baje gushaka agasanduka kirabura. Hari ibintu bavanye ku bisigazwa byindege; bacukumbura cyane bashakishiriza ahantu hose muri ibyo bisigazwa cyane cyane ahari muri cabine yindege. Sinshobora kumenya igihe bahaviriye kuko mu gihe bari bagishakisha noherejwe mu kazi ku kibuga cyindege mbasiga aho ngaho. Ariko bagenzi banjye baje kumbwira ko bahagumye bakaza kubona ako gasanduka kirabura 202. Inzobere mu byindege zabajijwe na Komite zihamya ko indege zitwaye abantu zidashobora kubona icyemezo cyo kuguruka zidafite agasanduka kirabura kamwe cyangwa tubiri bitewe nuko indege ingana. Franois Munyarugamba, inzobere mu itumanaho ryindege, wari afite uburambe ku kazi bwimyaka mirongo itatu nitanu ku kibuga mpuzamahanga cyindege cya Kanombe aravuga ati : Icyemezo cyo kugirango indege ijye mu kirere, ni ngombwa ku ndege zabakuru bibihugu kandi ntigitangwa iyo indege idafite agasanduka kirabura. Ni nabyo bigomba kurebwa mbere, iyo indege igenzurwa. Habanza gusuzumwa ko udusanduka twirabura duhari hamyuma bakanareba ko dukora. Indege zimwe nka za kajugujugu zigira agasanduka kirabura kamwe ariko nkindege ya Perezida ya Falcon 50 yagombaga kuba ifite udusanduka twirabura tubyiri. Iyo itatugira ntabwo iba yaremerewe guhaguruka203 Ikindi kigomba kwibukwa ni uko Abafaransa bivugiye ko bavanye aho indege yahanukiye ibisigazwa byibisasu byahanuye indege, ni nacyo cyatumye Komisiyo yinteko ishinga amategeko yAbafaransa yarashoboye kuvuga ko ibyo bisasu byakoreshejwe byari ubwoko bwa SA16 byakozwe nAbarusiya204. Byashoboka se ko bibutse gutwara ibyo bisigazwa byibisasu, ntibigere batekereza gutwara agasanduka kirabura? Ntabwo byakumvikana. Ihanurwa ryindege uko rivugwa nabatangabuhamya babibonye.

201 202

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Abatangabuhamya bingenzi babonye iyo mpanuka bari mu bice byinshi : hari abaturage bari batuye hafi yaho, abatekinisiye bo kibuga cyindege cya Kanombe, abasirikare bingabo zigihugu, abasirikare ba MINUAR bagenzuraga ikibuga cyindege. Abaturage bari batuye hafi yaho ihanurwa ryabereye Kutamenya imiterere yindege, amakuru yabo ntasobanutse ku byo babonye limwe na limwe ntibyumvikane. Bamwe muri abo batangabuhamya baravanga ibyo babonye nibyo babwiwe ku buryo ubuhamya bwabo ntacyo bwungura. Abatekinisiye bikibuga cyindege Mu babibonye harimo komanda wikibuga cyindege, umukuru wamashanyarazi, abakozi bitumanaho rya radio, abazimya umuriro, nabagenzuzi babiri bikirere, umwe yari yakoze ku manywa indege igenda, undi yari ku kazi ni mugoroba indege igaruka bumviswe na Komite . Abenshi muri bo, nkumugenzuzi na komanda wari ku izamu ntibongeye kubonana kuva muri 1994 kugeza igihe batangiye ubuhamya bwabo, aliko ubuhamya bwabo burahura ku ibimenyetso bifatika byibikorwa bikomeye byabereye ku kibuga cya Kanombe ku mugoroba wihanuka ryindege. Umugenzuzi wikirere wari wakoze mu ijoro ryuwa 4 nuwa 5 Mata, Heri Jumapili, yatumenyesheje ko umwuka utari mwiza mbere yuko indege ihaguruka, nibikorwa bidasanzwe byurujijo mu myitegurire yindege Falcon 50: Mu gitondo cyuwa 06/04/1994, byari urujijo ku kibuga igihe biteguraga ko indege ya Perezida ihaguruka. Uruhusa rwo guhaguruka rwindege rwatinze kuboneka kandi ubusanzwe kugirango indege ihaguruke iva ku kibuga ijya ku kindi, cyane cyane indege zabakuru bibihugu zigomba kubanza kubona urwo ruhusa. Impapuro zuruhusa zoherejwe muri ambasade yu Rwanda yaho bagiye, kuri umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibyindege no ku munara ugenzura kugirango babibamenyeshe. Navuganye na komanda wari ku izamu, na serivice zitumanaho rya radiyo yo ku butaka bo bashoboraga kuvugana nikibuga kindege cyi Dar-es-Salaam no kubasaba kubaza ambasade yu Rwanda. Kuri jye byarantangaje kubona batarakoze ibyangombwa byindege ya Perezida hakiri kare. () nyuma yaho uruhusa ruraboneka ariko mu magambo, indege ibona guhaguruka. Iryo kererwa naryanditse no mu gitabo, mushoboye kukibona mwabireba205. Umugenzuzi wikirere wari ku kazi ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege , Patrice Munyaneza, aratubwira uburyo bwa tekinike bujyanye namasaha yo kuguruka kwindege, uko bitegura iyo indege igiye kugwa, uko indege yahanutse nibyakurikiye. Ku byerekeye amasaha nimyiteguro , Munyaneza ati :

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Nari ku kazi mwijoro ryo kuwa 06 Mata 1994. Nahageze saa kumi nebyiri zumugoroba kugirango nsimbure ajida Gatera. Amafishi yari yateguwe ariko batari bamenya isaha indege ihagerera. Nakomeje gutegereza, nundi mugenzuzi twafatanyaga witwa Aloys ari ku byuma byitumanaho byarimo radio ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvugana nibindi bibuga byindege. Hashize akanya gato, ikibuga cyindege cyi Dar-es-Salaam kitumenyesho ko indege ya Perezida ihagurutse nisaha bakekaga ko iza kuba irenze ikirere cya Tanzania iza mu Rwanda ikaza kuhagera nka saa 20h26. Nko mu ma saa moya utwaye indege ya Perezida atubwira ko yegereye ikirere cyu Rwanda, nisaha bahagerera, kugirango mbimenyeshe abazimya umuriro, abatanga ibimenyetso, Komanda wari ku izamu ku kibuga, nAbategetsi bagomba kumenya igaruka rya peresida. Uyoboye indege yongera kumpamagara ageze mu kirere cyu Rwanda, ambwira ko aribukomeze akajya i Burundi ati untegurire plan de vol yi Burundi.Mpita mbimenyesha ubuyobozi bwitumanaho mu byindege ngo bohereze ubutumwa bwurwo rugendo. Hashize akanya, uwungirije umugenzuzi, aza kumbwira inkuru zerekeranye nurugendo rwiyo ndege, akabimenyesha amaserivisi yose bireba yikibuga nka BCTA, abazimya umuriro, na Komanda wari kwizamu ku ikibuga.Yakomeje ahagaze impande yanjye areba aho indege ya Perezida ituruka. Uko indege yahanutse, Patrice Munyaneza ati: Biteguraga kumanuka ku butaka, indege twarayirebaga, ngiye guhamagara umushoferi ngo muhe uruhusa rwo kumanuka numva urusaku ruturitse. Ndebye aho indege ya Perezida ituruka, mbona umuriro.Nihutiye guhamagara utwara indege ariko ntasubize. Unyungirije arambwira ati maze kubona ibisasu bitatu byakirana bikurikiranye. Irya mbere ryaciye mu nsi yindege, irya kabiri hejuru yayo, irya gatatu niryo ryayihamije.Ntelefona abazimya umuriro ngo bajye kureba ibibaye aho ikibuga kirangirira. Bagiye yo ariko ntacyo babonye kidasanzwe, bati indege yahanukiye hirya yikibuga. Ako kanya amashanyarazi arazima bitegetswe na service zumutekano. Nyuma yiryo hanuka, batangira kuka inabi umugenzuzi, batwara impapuro zerekeye urugendo rwiyo ndege : Abasirikare babiri bari mu barinda Perezida, bari ku rubaraza rwumunara bakurikirana ibihabera bati ntihagire indi ndege mwemerera ko igwa. Bigeze mu gicuku, Umuyobozi mukuru wayeronotike Simbizi Stany aherekejwe numusirikare mu barindaga Perezida aza kumbaza nkumutekinisiye uko byagenze. Ntangiye kumusobanurira, bahita bankubita impande zose, batwara amakaye twakoreshaga, amafishi, nibyerekeranye nurwo rugendo byose, nibya ngombwa byanjye. Nyuma naje kumenya ko batwaye amajwi yafatiwe kuri radio, ibiganiro byabaye hagati yumugenzuzi nindege, ibiganiro byo kuri telefoni yumunara wumugenzuzi. Nagumye mu munara

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wumugenzuzi, ntayindi ndege yongeye kugwa, ikibuga cyari gifunze, amashanyarazi yazimye. Hashize akanya indege yAbabiligi C130 yashakaga kugwa bayisubizayo206 Umukomanda wari kwizamu mukuru kuri uwo mugoroba, Cyprien Sindano, yitegereje uko byagenze, kuva indege ihanurwa kugeza ku byari bimaze kuba, yemeza ko indege bayirashe kabiri, ko amashanyarazi yabuze ku kibuga kwitegeko ryabasirikare barinda Perezida, ko impapuro zerekeye indege zatwawe na Simbizi nabasirikare barinda Perezida mu mahane menshi bagiriye Umugenzuzi : Nari naraye izamu mwijoro ryo ku wa 06/04/1994, nageze ku kazi saa moya mbwirwa ko indege ya Perezida iza kuza saa 20h30. Nagumye mu biro ntegereje. Mbaza umunara wumugenzuzi niba bavuganye nindege bati byakozwe. Dutangiye kubona indege igana ku nzira ya 28, ndasohoka ngirango ndebe uko imanuka. Ako kanya mbona isasu rihise hejuru yindege, irya kabiri rikurikiraho rikubita indege ikiri hejuru, irasandara nurusaku rwinshi, amatara yayo arazima noneho hatangira kumvikana amasasu impande zose zikibuga. Nahise mbaza umunara wumugenzuzi ibibaye, umugenzuzi ambwira ko yavuganaga nuyoboyeindege amuyobora uko ari bugwe hanyuma ntibongera kumvikana. Ati nohereje abazimya umuriro ku nzira ya 28 ngo barebe bagire icyo bakora abasirikare babasubiza inyuma. Abasirikare barinda Perezida batanga itegeko ryo kuzimya amashanyarazi. Haba umwijima hose, buri muntu aguma aho ari. Abasirikare nibo batemberaga. Hanyuma ntira isitimu abajandarume kugirango njye kumunara wigenzura. Ubwo sinari nzi umugenzuzi uri kwizamu, ngeze yo mpasanga Simbizi numusirikare mu barinda Perezida, bahata ibibazo umugenzuzi bamubwira nabi. Bamutwara ibya ngombwa bye byose. Nyuma tujyana gutambagira ku kibuga hose. Abasirikare barindaga Perezida bukaga inabi abakozi bose bo ku kibuga, batwara ibyo bahuye nabyo byose, kugera no ku mafaranga. Twabaye aho mu mutekano muke kugeza igihe bahatuvaniye nyuma yibyumweru bibiri207. Umukuru wabazimya umuriro wari ku kazi uwo mugoroba, Naasson Sengwegwe, nawe aratubwira uko byagenze. Bakibitubwira, twagiye aho ikibuga giherera dusanga indege igomba kuba yahanukiye hirya yikibuga. Twashatse gusohoka tunyuze mu muryango wegereye Magerwa, abajandarume bari kwizamu badusubiza inyuma kubera imbunda zumvikanaga hiryo no hino yikibuga, nabo ubwabo bari babuze aho baca. Hagati aho amashanyarazi namatelefone barabiciye. Nuko duhura numuyobozi mukuru wibyindege ari kumwe ningabo zirinda Perezida, batangira kutubwira nabi, batwara ibyangombwa byacu.

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Badufungirana mu nzu yakorerwagamo ibya tekiniki, baturindisha umujandarume. Twagumye ku kazi ukwezi kose. Igihe inkotanyi zari zigeze hafi yikibuga, batwohereza i Cyangugu gukora ku kibuga cya Kamembe208. Umumekanisiye wari kwizamu, Crescent Dusabimana, arasobanura ukuntu ibintu byagiye bikurikirana. Navuye iwanjye saa kumi ngera ku kibuga saa kumi nimwe. Nakoze izamu nshinzwe gucunga ibirekura amazi namapombo yabyo. Umunara wumugenzuzi waraduhamagaye kugirango twitegure gukora ku ndege ikimara kuhagera. Nazamutse mfite imashini yongera amavuta mu ndege nka saa mbiri nigice nabarinda amatangisi nabasirikare barinze aho basohokera. Twabonaga indege iza, amatara yayo acanye, namatara ayobora indege ku kibuga yarakaga. Ako kanya hazamuka inyenyeri nka kibonumwe yihuta nkumurabyo, izima itaragera ku indege. Iya kabiri yahamije indege, mu masegonda nkatatu amatara ayobora indege arazima. Nari nuriye numunyezamu ngirango nshyireho amapompe. Hari abasirikare bo mu ngabo zirinda Perezida benshi bazanye amabisi ku kibuga. Umusirikare wurwego rwo hejuru mu ngabo zirinda Perezida ntari nzi, ahita mu ijipe yihuta cyane, avuga cyane ngo : Indege ya Perezida ntihanutse, ni intambara itangiye ! Nagize ubwoba, njya kwihisha numunyezamu twari kumwe mu cyumba cyabayobora indege, ibikoresho twari dufite tubita aho twakoreraga. Tuguma aho nubwoba bwinshi twumiwe. Hashize akanya twumva urufayo rwamasasu mu kirere ariko ntibyatinze nyuma haraswa urumuri rwaka cyane nkeka ko rwaturutse mu basirikare ba MINUAR. Nko mu ma saa yine ntangira kwibaza uko biri bugende, nasize amapompe akora, ngomba kuyafunga ku gipimo kugirango adashyuha cyane bigashya. Sinashoboraga gusubira yo, amatelefone yari yacitse. Hanyuma negera abajandarume baraho ngo bamperekeze nshyire ibintu mu buryo. Babaza komanda wikibuga, aduha ivatiri suzuki yari kwizamu. Ndagenda nkuraho amapompe nsigaho igitabo nigipima amazi. Ngarutse, numvise radio Burundi niyo yamenyesheje ko indege yari izanye Perezida Habyarimana na Ntaryamira yahiye. Bucyeye kwitariki ya 07/04/1994 niho nasubiye ku kibuga gukurayo ibikoresho nasizeyo. Ku kibuga hari ituze usibye amasasu wumvaga hirya no hino mu gace ka Kanombe kitwa Akajagari harebana nikibuga. Umunyezamu nari natumye itabi agaruka nubwoba bwinshi ati mbonye umuntu bishe bamuziza ko ngo yaba yishimiye urupfu rwa Perezida. Nagumye ku kazi kuko ntashoboraga kuhava ntawunsimbuye. Hagati yumunsi wa gatatu nuwa kane ukurikira ihanurwa ryindege, Kapiteni uyobora abagendarume yabategetse ko ngomba kuhaguma209

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Uwari ushinzwe gukurikirana amashanyarazi, Anastase Munyarugerero, atubwira ko baciye amashanyarazi ako kanya nyuma yihanuka ryindege, kwitegeko ryuwungirije umugenzuzi numusikikare wo mu ngabo zirinda Perezida. Mu ihanuka ryindege nari muri santarale yamashanyarazi ; nagombaga kuhaguma kugirango nkemure ikibazo cyumuriro. Sinamenye ibyo hanze. Amakuru namenyaga nayahabwaga numunara wumugenzuzi. Nagumye aho muri santarali yamashanyarazi, kugeza igihe umugenzuzi witwa Kayijuka Anastase numusirikare wo mu ngabo zirinda Perezida ntazi izina baje kumbwira ko indege ya Perezida yahanutse ngo ninzimye amashanyarazi. Mpita nyaca, baragenda, nsigara aho. Mu nyuma numvise urusaku rwamasasu ijoro ryose mu gice cya Kanombe210 Kuri icyo kibazo cyo kubura kwamashanyarazi, bamwe mu basirikare bo mu ngabo zirinda Perezida bari bashinzwe umutekano kuri uwo mugoroba wa 06/ Mata 1994, bemeza ko mbere yuko indege ihanuka hari habaye ibura ryamashanyarazi nkinshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ritatindaga, ntibazi niba ari ukubura kumuriro bisanzwe cyangwa umunara wumugenzuzi wabigizemo uruhare211. Venuste Nshimiyimana, wari ushinzwe ibyitangazamakuru muri MINUAR muri 1994, avuga ko afite amakuru aturutse ahantu hizewe ,ko indege ya Perezida ikigaragara mu kirere cya Kanombe, amatara ayobora indege hasi ku kibuga yahise azima212.

Abasirikare barinda Perezida bari ku kibuga cyindege

Abenshi mu basirikare bari ku kibuga cyindege cya Kanombe igihe indege yahanurwaga bari mu basirikare barinda Perezida bari bategereje ko agaruka. Bamwe muri bo bavuga ko babonye ibisasu bitatu byaka mbere yo kugirango indege ya Perezida iturikire mu kirere213. Hakurikiyeho gufungwa kwikibuga cyindege bitegetswe nabayobozi babo. Nyuma bumvise urufaya rwamasasu ahakikije ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe naho Perezida yari atuye. Baje kumenya ko abatangiye kurasa bari abasirikare basigaye muri ibyo bice barasaga baganisha mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Elsaphan Kamali yari umwe mu basirikare bashinzwe kurinda Perezida, ari ku burinzi imbere mu munara aho yacungaga ibyo abagenzura ikirere bakoraga. Igihe indege yaraswaga, Kamali yari hejuru ku rubaraza rwumunara areba uko indege iza. Ni umwe rero mu basirikare bavuzwe haruguru bakubise umugenzuzi wikirere Patrice Munyaneza. Kamali rero aravuga nkumuntu wabyiboneye uko indege ya Perezida yarashwe aravuga ati : Ku munsi wurugendo rwa Perezida, kuwa 06/04/1994, ku kibuga cyindege hari amatsinda abiri yabasirikare yasimburwaga. Itsinda rimwe ryari rishinzwe umutekano
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, kuwa 11 Werurwe 2008 Ikiganiro na Ntwarane Anastase, wari umujepe, Ngoma (Kibungo), kuwa 03 Nyakanga 2008 212 Vnuste Nshimiyimana, Prlude du gnocide rwandais : Enqute sur les circonstances politiques et militaires du meurtre du prsident Habyarimana, Buruseli, Quorum, 1995, urup.77 213 Igisasu cya mbere benshi bavuga ko cyari icyo gutanga icyezezi
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bwite wa Perezida irindi rishinzwe kurinda ikibuga cyindege. Amatsinda yombi yasubiraga mu kigo Perezida amaze kugenda akaza kugaruka agarutse. Twahageze nka saa kumi nibyiri za mu gitondo we ahagera saa tatu. Abarinzi be baje mbere aza abakurikiye. Ku mugoroba nari ku munara ugenzura ikirere nambaye imyenda ya gisivili, ariko nakomezaga kuvugana nabari hasi bari bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare kugirango nze kubamenyesha indege ya Perezida niza. Twayibonye ituruka mu cyerkezo cya Masaka ubwo igisasu cya mbere cyayiciye mu nsi. Icya kabiri cyayihamije ku ibaba ryibumoso, icya gatatu gikubita aho abayobora indege bicara. Ibisasu uko ari bitatu byaturukaga ahantu hamwe bisa nibishaka kuyihamya imbere, igihe yamanukaga yitegura kugwa ikiri hejuru ya Nyandungu imaze kurenga ho gato Masaka. Ibisasu byaturukaga hasi bigatumbika bisanga indege. Indege ikimara kuraswa, ntiyahise ihanuka, yabanje kwaka umuriro ikimanuka, hanyuma yikubita ku rupangu rwamatafari ariho indabyo za bugenviriya. Ibaba rimwe ryaguye inyuma yikigo rikubita igiti kigwa inyuma ya pisine. Muri twe abari bambaye imyenda ya gisivili twajyanye nimodoka ya gisirikare yari yatuzanye kugirango duhindure imyenda twambare iya gisirikare turinde ikigo214. Fawusitini Rwamakuba wari umwe mu basirikare barindaga Perezida yari ku kibuga cyindege mu gitondo na ni mugoroba kuwa 06 Mata1994 yarashinzwe umutekano wamasanduku nibindi byagombaga kujyana numukuru wIgihugu. Aravuga uko yabibonye atanyuranije nabandi, aravuga ati : Nari umwe mu barinzi bwite ba Perezida, nari ku kibuga cyindege kuwa 06/04/1994 guhera isaa munani zamanywa ntegereje ko indege ya Perezida igaruka. Twaje kumenyeshwa ko indege ya Perezida iri buhagere isaha 20:25. Igihe kigeze umwe muri bagenzi banjye witwa Karasanyi yadusabye kwitegura kuko indege yari ije kandi tuyireba. Kuko nari nshinzwe gutwara imizigo nakije imodoka nicara niteguye. Ubwo nibwo nabonye ikintu gisa ninyenyeri kiguruka gisanga indege. Nahise mbyibazaho menya ko ari indege ya Perezida yaraswaga kuko ibindi bisasu bibiri byarashwe bisa nibituruka hirya yikibuga cyindege bigana aho indege yaturukaga mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Ibyo bisasu byahamije indege iraka, iraturika, ihanukira aho Perezida yari atuye. Hakurikiyeho urusasu rwaraswaga nabasirikare bari aho ngaho kwa Perezida. Ako kanya twahawe itegeko ryo gufunga ikibuga cyindege nibikirimo byose no kwitegura imirwano. Nyuma ho gato haje kuza indege yAbabiligi itwaye imizigo isaba kugwa ntiyabyemererwa isubirayo. Hashize akanya abasirikare ba MINUAR bAbabiligi bari ku kibuga cyindege baza kutubaza icyari kibaye no kugirango bagire icyo badufasha215.

Nsabimana Paul, yari mu basirikare barinda Perezida, ari ku burinzi bwikibuga ku mugoroba witariki 06/04/1994, aravuga ko we nabagenzi be, bamenyeshejwe nabari ku munara ko indege yari igiye kugwa, hanyuma babona ibibatsi bitatu, bizamuka biva hasi bikurikirana mu
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masegonda atanu. Igisasu cya mbere cyahushije indege, icya kabiri kirayihamya, icya gatatu kirayituritsa. Ako kanya abakuru babo batanze itegeko ryo gufunga ikibuga, bakoresheje amabisi namakamyo kugirango he kugira indi ndege ihagwa. Aravuga ati : Jyewe na bagenzi banjye twageze ku kibuga cyindege kuwa 06 Mata 1994 byenda kugera saa munani. Nari nshinzwe kurinda umunara wikibuga, mpagaze mu mwanya wanjye bugufi yawo, ndabyibuka neza cyane. Nkisaha ebyiri zumugoroba, twamenyeshejwe ko indege yari ije. Nari hejuru ku rubaraza rwumunara, umusivili wari imbere mu munara atumenyesha ko indege ya Perezida yari itangiye kwitegura kugwa nko mu minota itanu. Ubwo rero twatangiye kureba mu kirere tubona indege ituruka mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Narayibonaga neza cyane. Iyo ndege yamaze kugera aho mu cyerekezo cya Masaka mbona ikintu gisa nicyogajuru cyaka cyane giturutse hasi gisanga indege. Icyo cyarayihushije. Icya kabiri cyayihamije ku ibaba. Icya gatatu kiyicamo kabiri. Indege ubwo yatangiye gushya, hanyuma ihanukira kwa Perezida. Hagati yibisasu byarashwe hari akanya kamasegonda nkatanu. Ndabyibuka neza narabyiboneye ntabwo nshobora kuzabyibagirwa. Ibisasu byatumbikaga bituruka mu nsi yaho indege yari igeze. Ako kanya umuyobozi witsinda ryacu, Ajida Semutaga yaduhaye itegeko ryo gufunga ikibuga kugirango hatagira indi ndege ihagwa. Twakoresheje amabisi namakamyoneti yari aho ngaho kugirango dufunge ikibuga. Abari mu munara bose bategetswe kuvamo baramanuka. Hanyuma abasirikare bafata imyanya ku kibuga aho indege zamanukiraga.216. Twagirayezu Innocent, nawe wari mu bari bashinzwe uburinzi bwite bwa Perezida, wari utegereje nabandi ko agaruka , avuga ko yumvise ibisasu bitatu biturika, hanyuma amatara agahita azima ku kibuga, hagakurikiraho urufayo rwamasasu muri Kanombe. Aravuga ati : Abarinda Perezida bahageze isaa saba nigice, ariko indege ya Perezida ntiyabonetse kugera isaa mbiri namakumyabiri zumugoroba. Liyetona Mboneko wari utuyoboye, yamenyeshejwe ko indege igiye kuhagera mu minota itanu. Mu gihe neza indege yari imaze gufata umurongo wo kugwa, harashwe ibisasu bitatu bikurikiranye vuba, icya gatatu kiyihamya ikiri mu kirere. Icyo gihe ku kibuga aho binjirira naho basohokera hose harafungwa, amashanyarazi namatelefoni biracika. Icyo gihe habaye urufayo rwamasasu muri Kanombe. Nyuma yaho aba ofisiye bakuru bo ku cyicaro gikuru cyingabo batangira gukora inama. Jye natekereje ko Leta ifashwe217. Uko ikibuga cyindege cyafunzwe ninzira zinyuramo zigeze hasi igashyirwamo ibintu byinzitizi byahamijwe na Kaporali Mudakikwa Flicien wari mu mutwe wabarinda Perezida kuva muri 1989 kugera 1994 yari ku kazi ku kibuga ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege. Kimwe na Twagirayezu Innocent aravuga ko itegeko ryo gukora ibyo ryatanzwe na Liyetona Mboneko wari ukuriye abashinzwe kurinda Perezida bari aho ku kibuga kuri uwo mugoroba218. Ubu buhamya bwabari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida, bari ku kazi kuri uwo mugoroba indege yahanuriweho burasa nubwundi musirikare Silas Siborurema, wari warakomerekeye mu
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ntambara. Uwo mugoroba yari mu kigo cya gisirikare i Kanombe nawe yiboneye ibyabaye. Aravuga ati : Maze gukomerekera mu ntambara muri 1992, nemerewe gukomeza kwigira ubuforomo i Kanombe; ni cyo gituma nari ndi mu kigo cya Kanombe kwitariki 06/04/1994. Kuri uwo mugoroba nari muri serivisi ishinzwe ubuvuzi bwindwara zo mu mubiri. Nabonye indege ya Perezida iza. Muri ako kanya numvise ibisasu bitatu bituritse, bimeze nkibya mortier hanyuma ndareba. Igisasu cya mbere cyayihushije ho gato, icya kabiri cyarayihamije gituma itangira kugenda nabi mu kirere, icya gatatu kiyihamije irazimira. Muri ako kanya nabonye umuriro uturuka aho Perezida Habyarimana yari atuye. Ibyo bisasu byaturukaga ku ruhande rwibumoso rwindege yari imaze kugera hejuru yikibaya cya Nyarugunga bisa naho byashakaga kuyirasa amababa. Indege yahanukiye bugufi yikigo imaze kwambukiranya ikibaya. Jye natekereje ko ihanukiye kuri EFOTEK219. Uko nabibonye rero ibisasu ntabwo byaturukaga imbere yindege cyangwa inyuma yayo, byaturukaga ku ruhande rwibumoso bizamuka bitumbitse. Ako kanya indege ikimara kuzimira, abasirikare barindaga Perezida batangiye kurasa mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Nyuma yaho mu gicuku i Kanombe urufayo rwamasasu rurasubira kugeza mu gitondo. Muri iryo joro haje kuza indi indege nyuma yiya Perezida , iguma mu kirere nkiminota cumi nitanu hanyuma iragenda itaguye220.

Abasirikare ba MINUAR bari mu kazi ku kibuga cyindege nabari mu itsinda ryAbabiligi bari bashinzwe ubutwererane nu Rwanda muri tekinike ya gisirikare Nkuko inshingano zayo zari zimeze, MINUAR yari yarashyize abasirikare bayo mu bice bitandukanye bya Kigari harimo nikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe cyari kirinzwe nabasirikare bAbabiligi numutwe wabajandarume bAbanyarwanda bari muri kompanyi ishinzwe ikibuga cya Kanombe. Abo basirikare ba MINUAR babashije kwibonera namaso yabo, uko ihanurwa ryindege ryabaye, bakanasobanura kurushaho uko ibintu byagenze.

Kaporali Mathieu Gerlache yari umwe mu itsinda ryabasirikare bAbabiligi bageze mu Rwanda kuwa 27 Werurwe 1994. Umukuru wa kompanyi yabo yakoreraga mu munara wa kera ufite hafi metero eshashatu zubuhagarike. Igorofa ya nyuma yuwo munara yari izengurutswe nibirahuri hose aho ibyuma byitumanaho byari biri. Ku itariki ya 06/04/1994, Mathieu Gerlache yari ku kazi ku munara wa kera, ari kwizamu ryitumanaho. Kompanyi ye yari ishinzwe gukorera ku kibuga cyindege cya Kanombe kuva isaa moya zumugoroba kugeza isaa tatu. Gerlache aravuga ko yabonye indege iza igana ku muhanda wikibuga indege zimanukiraho. Abanza kwibwira icyo gihe ko iyo ndege ishobora kuba yari C 130 yAbabiligi yagombaga kuza uwo mugoroba. Yasohotse mu munara ajya kureba iyo ndege uko yazaga. Yabonye utuntu tubiri twaka umuriro duturutse mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe
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Ishuri ryimyuga rya Kanombe riri hafi yikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, kuwa 18 Mata 2008

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tugana indege. Ariko ntabwo yashoboraga kutwumva. Hashize akanya gato yumvise imbunda zirasa urufaya rwamasasu ruturuka ku kigo cyi Kanombe munsi yikibuga nandi yaraswaga nabasirikare barindaga aho Perezida yari atuye. Aravuga ati : Ikigo cyingabo z u Rwanda cya Kanombe cyari nko muri kilometero imwe nigice upimiye mu kirere uvuye ku kibuga. Nari mu munara wa kera wari ufite metero nkeshanu cyangwa esheshatu. Umukuru wa kompanyi yacu nibyuma byitumanaho byari ku igorofa ya nyuma yumunara. Iyo gorofa ya nyuma yari izengurutswe nibirahuri hose. Uri muri uwo munara yashoboraga kubona inzira zosezindege zazaga ku kibuga aliko ikigo cya gisirikare ntabwo cyagaragaraga kuko cyari ahagana munsi yikibuga. Kuwa 06 Mata 1994 nko mu masaa mbiri nigice ni mugoroba nari ku izamu ryitumanaho mbona amatara ayobora indege zimanuka aratse. Aha ndashaka gusobanura ko ayo matara yabaga ajimije igihe cyose. Yatswaga gusa igihe bayoboraga indege aho imanukira. Nasohotse mu munara njya hanze negamira umuzengurukowurubaraza rwigorofa yo hejuru nshaka kureba iyo ndege yari ije. Ndahamya nimazeyo ko amatara atigeze azima igihe indege yari mo kuza. Yazimye indege imaze guhanuka ariko ndumva ntashobora kubabwira igihe byamaze ngo azime. Igihe indege yazaga igana ikibuga ntabwo twari tuzi iyo ariyo. Nabonye ikintu cyaka kiva ku butaka, nabonaga gituruka mu kigo cya KANOMBE. Ngiye kuvuga ibara ryicyo kintu cyakaga navuga ko ryari igitare, gisa ninyenyeri ya kibonumwe. Mbonye ko cyaka kigana mu cyerekezo cyindege, ni bwo natekereje ko kigomba kuba ari misile. Icyo gihe amatara yindege yarazimye ariko ntabwo yahise iturika. Ayo matara ntabwo yongeye kwaka. Igitekerezo ko iyo ndege yaraswaga ibisasu cyahamye ari uko mbonye ikindi kintu cyaka gisa nicya mbere kivuye vuye aho icya mbere cyaturutse kijya aho indege iri. Icyo gihe indege yaraturitse igwa nko mu metero magana atanu uvuye aho PEREZIDA yari atuye hari mu nzira indege zinyuramo zije kugwa Ubwo hashize akanya indege ikimara guturika numvise urufaya rwamasasu. Nashoboraga kureba impande zose zikibuga nkumva amasasu asa naho aturikira cyangwa aturuka aho PEREZIDA yari atuye harimo nibisasu bimurika cyane. Sinshobora kwibuka neza igihe ayo masasu yamaze. Igihe indege yaturikaga nta musirikare numwe wingabo zu Rwanda nashoboye kubona ku kibuga cyindege. Ibyo bikimara kuba, nabibwiye Komanda wa kompanyi wari bugufibwanjye, Kapiteni CHOFFRAY, mubwira ko hari indege imaze guturika irashwe na misile ebyiri. Iyo nkuru ntabwo yayifashe nkukuri, ahubwo nkisaha imwe nyuma yibyo, yavugiye ku muyoboro witumanaho ko hagomba kuba ari ububiko bwamasasu bwari bumaze guturikira i Kanombe. Komanda wa kompanyi yanjye, Kapiteni Vandriessche yagiye ku gice cya gisivili kikibuga bamubwira ko yari indege ya PEREZIDA Habyarimana yari

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imaze guturika. Agarutse, Kapiteni Vandriessche, ako kanya yabwiye ukuri inzego zo hejuru ku byabaye221 . Undi uvuga ko yabonye ikibatsi cyumuriro gituruka ku ruhande rwibumoso rwindege, hagakurikiraho guturika kwayo, ni umusirikare wUmubiligi wo muri MINUAR witwa Moreau Nicolas wari ushinzwe aho babikaga ibikoresho. Igihe indege yahanurwaga yari i Rutongo imbere yikigo cyababikira, igihe cyo kurinda ububiko bwa MINUAR bwari buhari kirangiye amanuka asubira i Kigali. Aho yari, Nicolas Moreau yabashije kubona ibisasu bigenda nindege iturika. Ku mugoroba wiya 6/4/1994 nari hamwe na section yanjye mu kigo cyababikira sinshobora kwibuka aho ari ho)222, twasimburanaga buri masaha abiri. Twari turangije igihe cyacu mbona mu kirere ( ariko icyo gihe sinarinzi ko bibereye mu cyerekezo cyo hirya yikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe)mbere ikibatsi cyumuriro gisa nironji rihishije.iki kibatsi cyaka cyane cyatumbagiye mu kirere hanyuma kimanutse mbona icya kabiri nacyo gitumbagiye gituruka aho icya mbere cyaturutse Iki cyahagaze mu kirere mbona indimi zumuriro zirisukiranya ariko sinumva igituritse. Ibishashi byumuriro bigeze hasi mbona ikibumbe cyumuriro cyakurikiwe nurusasu rwikintu gituritse. Nahise ntekereza ko ari indege irashwe. Sinigeze mbona iyo ndege kuko hari umwijima Byari mu ma saa mbiri zijoro. Kaporali CORNET wari iruhande rwanjye nawe yarabibonye. Bagenzi bacu bari inyuma yimbuda ya UNIMOG, ndakeka ko bumvise gusa icyaturitse nyuma cyavuyemo ikibumbe kinini cyumuriro cyasandariye hasi kikisanza. Sinshobora gusobanura neza ibyo nabonye kuko twari kure cyane yaho byabereye kandi ari nijoro. Icyo nakongeraho nkurikije aho n arindi nuko misile zombi zazamukaga mu kirere ziva iburyo zigana ibumoso. Inguni yubuzamuke bwazo yari nka 70 223. Bamaze kubona ubu buhamya, abagize Komite bibajije niba byarashobokaga kugirango umuntu uri i Rutongo abashe kubona ibyaberaga i Kanombe cyangwa Masaka? Rutongo iri nko muri kilometero icumi kuva i Kigali. Bahagaze aho Nicolas Moreau yari ari bagerageza kureba ko ibyo yavuze ari byo. Basanze aho yari ahagaze ari ku gasozi karekare umuntu uhari ashobora kubona neza ibyaka umuriro nijoro cyangwa ku manywa hatari ibicu. Uhagaze aho rero abona ikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe, ikigo cya gisirikare ninzu ya Perezida. Imisozi ya Masaka na Rusororo nayo iragaragara, ariko akabande ka CEBOL aho bavuze misile zaturutse ntabwo hagaragara. Ntibishoboka rero ko umuntu uri i Rutongo ashobora kuba yarabonye misile zituruka muri ako kabande kuko hagati yaho na Masaka hari indi misozi miremire. Nicolas Moreau aravuga ko inguni yubuzamuke bwamisile yari nko kuri dogere 70. Komite yasabye inzobere mu gukora amakarita, byerekana ko CEBOL itashoboraga kuba ariho izo misile zaturutse ahubwo ko iyo nguni ya 70 hagati yaho indege yari iri naho misile zaturutse bigaragaza ko zarasiwe mu gice cyikigo cya Kanombe kuko iyo bituruka CEBOL byajyaga gukora inguni ya 30224.
Inyandikomvugo yubuhamya n 759/94 bwo kuwa 30 Gicurasi 1994 Gerlache Mathieu yahaye burigade ya jandarumeri, umutwe cyabagenzacyaha cya Buruseli 222 Raporo ya KIBAT isobanura ko hari i Rutongo, urup.8 223 Inyandikomvugo yubuhamya Moreau Nicolas yahaye ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare i Buruseli kuwa 3/6/1994 224 Reba ku ikarita
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Ubundi buhamya bwuwabyiboneye bwatanzwe na Muganga Pasuch Massimo, wari mu butwererane bwa gisirikare hagati yu Bubuligi nu Rwanda, wari ufite ipeti rya Liyetona Koloneli. Yakoreraga mu bitaro bya gisirikare bya Kanombe mu rwego rwubutwererane hagati yu Rwanda nu Bubirigi. Yari atuye mu mazu yabasirikare bakuru mu kigo cya Kanombe, mu metero 300 kuva aho Perezida yari atuye. Avuga ko yumvise ibyuka byakurikiwe nurwamu rwibisasu bibiri, abona indege ishya ihanukira ku gipangu nubusitani byaho Perezida yari atuye. Nawe aratangazwa nukuntu abasirikare batangiye kwica abantu ako kanya. Aravuga ati : Ndi umwe mu babonye neza uko indege yahanutse. Ku mugoroba witariki 06/04/94 nkisaha imwe yenda kugeza nigice ni ukuvuga nk isaha imwe na makumyabiri (19.20), nari mu ruganiriro rwaho nari ntuye. Ubwa mbere nabanje kumva urusaku rwicyuka mu kirere, hanyuma mbona urumuri rwihuta cyane nka kibonumwe rwibara risa nicunga rihishije. Nabanje kwibaza niba hari umuntu utangiye kwizihiza ibirori bye akoresha udutara duturikira mu kirere. Icyo cyuka cyakurikiwe nurwamu rwibisasu bibiri. Icyo gihe sinongeye kumva urusaku rwindege. Nabanje gutekereza ko hahanuwe indege C130 (B) yagombaga kuhagera uwo mugoroba. Narasohotse ngeze hanze mbona ikintu cyikibumbe cyumuriro kigwa aho Perezida yari atuye, nko mu metero 300 cyangwa 400 kuva aho nari ntuye. Hagati yo guturika kwibisasu no kujya hanze, ikirere cyari gitangajwe nurumuri rwumuhondo waka cyane, bisa naho kimuritswe nibisasu bitanga urumuri ariko ibara ari umuhondo waka cyane nkikibatsi cyumuriro. Nakoresheje icyombo cyubwoko bwaKenwood nari mfite menyesha ajuda CTMDaubie, Liyetona Koloneli Duvivier na ADC Lechat ariko uwo we yari yahejejwe ku kibuga cyindege adashobora gutarabuka. Ibi ndabivugira ko natangajwe nukuntu ingabo za FAR zihutiye bidasanzwe kurasa. Mu gihe kitageze ku minota cumi nitanu, twebwe tukirimo kumenyesha MINUAR ibyo tumaze kubona, imbunda zatangiye kuraswa ubutitsa. Njye numvaga zisa naho zituruka aho ikibuga cyindege gitangiriye, ziganisha mu cyerekezo cya Kabuga. Amakuru nabashije kumenya aturutse mu kigo cya Kanombe ni ayo nakuye ahakizengurutse atangwa nabakozi bo mu rugo nabihayimana. Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa iryo joro, abo mu mashyaka ya politike atavuga rumwe na Leta, nabo yakekagaho kutayishyigikira, barasahuwe, bamwe batangira kwicwa guhera mu ijoro ryakurikiyeho. Mu ijoro rya gatatu hatangiye kwicwa kandi mu buryo bwasaga nkubwateguwe, abantu bose bashoboraga guhamya ko biboneye namaso yabo uko indege yahanuwe. Aha ndashaka kwibutsa ko igihuha cyari cyatangiye gukwirakwizwa ko ibisasu byahanuye indege byarasiwe kuri CND aho abasirikare ba FPR bari bari. Kubera ko ibyo bitari bifite aho bishingiye, birasa naho abashoboraga guhamya ko babyiboneye bagombaga kuzimira. Kuwa gatandatu mu gitondo, umugore wa Jean-Michel wari ajida mukuru mu baparakomando bAbafaransa, yaje iwacu arira, avuga ko umukozi we wo mu rugo yari amaze kumubwira ko ahonotse ubwicanyi bukabije muri za karitsiye zibakikije,

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ko abicanyi ntawe basigaga, kandi ko Ababiligi aribo bahanuye indege. Atubwira ko tugomba guhunga vuba uko bishoboka kose. ()Kugirango tubashe kuva Kanombe twabifashijwemo na komanda wabaparakomando bAbafaransa De Saint Quentin na Majoro Ntabakuze wari komanda wa batayo yabaparakomando bAbanyarwanda. Ndagirango nibutse ko indege ikimara guhanurwa, nahamagaye Komanda De Saint Quentin ngirango ndebe ukuntu twafatanya numva ibintu byacitse. Umugore we ansubiza ko abasirikare bAbafaransa bari bagiye aho indege yahanukiye. Uwo mukomanda wUmufaransa yaje kumbwira nyuma ko byasaga naho aribo bonyine bemerewe kwegera aho ibisigazwa byindege biri. Yambwiye ko bategereje kugirango bucye barebe ko babona agasanduka kirabura. Abantu bari batuye aho hafi bari bahungiye mu nzu yabagore babyariramo yibitaro bya Kanombe babwira ababikira ko ubwicanyi bwo mu ijoro rya gatatu bwasaga nubwateguwe bwari bwategetswe nabakuru bingabo zabaparakomanda ba Kanombe. () Icyo nakongeraho ni uko inshuti zAbafaransa twabanaga i Kigali kandi nubu tukivugana kuri telefoni zisa naho zihamya ko Brigitte Minaberi umugore wa pilote wungirije windege ya Perezida yari afite iradiyo ye bwite yumva uko indege irimo kuza. Yumvise ibiganiro binyuranye nkinshuro eshanu birimo ko umunara wikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe wabazaga niba Perezida wUburundi ari muri iyo ndege nuko Perrine wari umukanishi windege bamwumvise avuga ati : "Ese ko bajimije amatara ku kibuga". Icyo nzi ni uko abari bayoboye iyo ndege ya Perezida bari aba bakurikira : Hrault : wari kapiteni, Minaberi : wari umwungirije, na Perinne bitaga Pp wari umukanishi windege. Aba bantu twari inshuti twajyaga tubonana kenshi.(...) Hari ibihuha bivuga ko ihanurwa ryindege ryateguwe nabari ku ruhande rwa Leta rugizwe nintagondwa za ba CDR, harimo baramu ba Perezida nka Koloneli Bagosora na Sagatwa hamwe na Baransaritse na Serubuga. Ntabwo nzi nagato niba ingabo zu Rwanda icyo gihe zari zifite misile 225. Muri rusange ubuhamya bwose bwatanzwe nabari i Kanombe hari ingingo zihariye buhurizaho. Indege ya Perezida yararashwe iturikira mu kirere imaze kurenga Masaka. Yahamijwe nibisasu bibiri cyangwa bitatu. Inzobere mu byimbunda bavuga ko zari misile. Ibisasu byaturikiraga ahantu bugufi yaho indege yasandariye. Nyuma yo guhanuka kwindege habayeho urufaya rwamasasu, araswa nabasirikare bari barinze aho Perezida yari atuye, hagakurikiraho abo mu kigo cya Kanombe, cyane cyane abari kuri EFOTEK226, bose barasaga mu cyerekezo cya

Inyandikomvugo dUbuhamya bwatanzwe na 9.5.1994 de Pasuch Massimo par de lauditorat militaire de Buruseli. 226 Ubuhamya bwa Ntoranyi Protais yatangiye Huye, kuwa 24Gicurasi2008 ; ubwa Mutaganda Innocent, yatangiye i Rubavu, kuwa 29 Gashyantare 2008 (uyu yari ayoboye igice cya batayo yaba parakommando cyari kuri EFOTEK ku mugoroba wo kuwa 6 Mata)

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Masaka. Izo mbunda zumviswe nabantu benshi bari batuye mu bice bitandukanye bya Kigali kure ya Kanombe227. Ako kanya hakurikiyeho gutsemba abatutsi bari batuye mu Kajagari, bugufi yikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe hamwe nabari abaturanyi ba Perezida. Iryo joro ubwo bwicanyi bwakomeje kwiyongera mu bice byose bya Kanombe. Bucyeye mu gitondo, imirambo itabarika yari yuzuye mu mihanda ya Kanombe. Uko bangiye MINUAR kugera aho indege yahanukiye Ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege, habaye inama yihutirwa yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cyingabo, iyobowe na Koloneli Bagosora. Jenerali Dallaire wari wayitumiwemo asaba ko MINUAR yarinda aho indege yari yahanukiye kugirango hakorwe iperereza ryukuri. Dallaire atangaza ko: Bagosora yabyemeye vuba cyane, ku buryo nahise ntekereza ko nta kintu yari afite cyo guhisha cyangwa se cyaba gihari akaba yari yarangije kugihisha228. Abatangabuhamya bo muri MINUAR nabo mu Ngabo zIgihugu bemeza ko MINUAR ntako itagize ngo igere aho indege yahanukiye, ariko abasirikare barindaga Perezida bakabangira229. Bangiye nabashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ku kibuga cyindege kuhagera kugirango bazimye umuriro230. Uko Koloneli Luc Marchal yabibonye arasobanura agira ati : Ku wa 06/04/1994 isaa yine nigice zijoro, nahamagawe na Dallaire ku cyicaro gikuru cyIngabo zIgihugu. Hari Jenerali Dallaire, Jenerali Ndindiliyimana, Koloneli Rusatira, Koloneli Bagosora naba ofisiye bakuru bo ku cyicaro gikuru cyIngabo zIgihugu na Gendarumeri na njye ubwanjye. Nahageze saa tanu na cumi nitanu ( 23.15) kubera amabariyeri yari yashyizweho na batayo ya RECCE yo mu ngabo zIgihugu,. Inama yarangiye saa munani zijoro (2.00). Muri iyo nama Jenerali Dallaire yasabye ko bakongera abaherekeza nabarinda abategetsi bAbanyarwanda. Yasabye nuko yakohereza abasirikare aho indege yahanukiye kugirango harindwe nUmuryango wAbibumbye. Icyo cyifuzo cyahise cyangwa nabasirikare bakuru bAbanyarwanda. Mu nama, abavugaga cyane ni Jenerali Ndindiliyimana na Koloneli Rusatira; ahubwo natangajwe no guceceka kwa Koloneli Bagosora. Nanjye nashyigikiye cyane icyifuzo cyo kohereze abasirikare ba MINUAR aho indege yahanukiye. Twemeranijwe ko umusirikare mukuru wo mu Ngabo zIgihugu azaba ari kuri parikingi yIkibuga cyIndege cya Kanombe kugirango yorohereze aba KIBAT kuhagera. Aliko nta musirikare wIngabo zIgihugu wahageze, nyamara Koloneli Rwabalinda wari umuhuza wingabo zu Rwanda niza MINUAR, yakomezaga

Serija Muhutu Corneille wari mu kigo cyabajepe kuri uwo mugoroba avuga ko yabyumvise : Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, kuwa 14 Gicurasi 2008 228 Romo Dallaire, Jai serr la main du diable, Ukuboza 2003, pp 293 229 Rapport du Snat de Belgique, p.397 230 Ubuhamya Sengwegwe Naasson (umuzimyamuriro wari ku izamu ku kibuga cyindege mu ijoro ryo kuwa 6 Mata 1994) yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 15 Mata 2008 ; ubwa Serija Barananiwe Jean-Marie Vianney (umujepe wari ushinzwe umutwe wari urinze aho Perezida yari atuye ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06 Mata 1994) yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 28 Gicurasi 2008

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kubitwizeza. Ubwo rero ntitwashoboye kuhagera ngo turinde aho indege yahanukiye 231 . Mu rwego rwimikoranire nIngabo zIgihugu, MINUAR yohereje irondo i Kanombe kugirango irinde aho indege yahanukiye, ariko bahagarikwa nIngabo zirinda Perezida ijoro ryose, kandi icyo gihe abasirikare bAbafaransa bo bari aho indege yahanukiye. Liyetona Sebashyitsi wari uyoboye ingabo zirinda Perezida, zishinzwe umutekano waho yari atuye, yategetse abantu be kwirukana umusirikare cyangwa umukozi uwari we wese wa MINUAR wagerageza kugera aho indege yahanukiye 232. Duhereye ku bintu uko byakurikiranye kuva kwitariki ya 06 kugeza ku ya 19 Mata 1994, nkuko byanditswe na kapiteni CSHEPKENS wari umuhuza wa KIBAT nicyicaro gikuru cya MINUAR mu karere ka Kigali, gahunda yo kugenzura aho indege yahanukiye yari yateganijwe guhera saa saba niminota mirongo ine zijoro mu buryo bukurikira : IRONDO RYA KANOMBE a. I saa saba niminota mirongo ine (01.40) Majoro DE LOECKER wari umusirikare mukuru mu kicaro cya MINUAR akarere ka Kigali, yasabye ko hagira itsinda ryabasirikare yyoherezwa i Kanombe kureba neza aho indege yahanukiye. Abo bireba bose baravuganye kugirango hataza kuvuka ikibazo. Icyo gikorwa cyagombaga kuyoborwa na Kapiteni VANDRIESSCHE. b. Byenda kugera saa cyenda niminota mirongo ine nitanu (03.45), Komanda wa batayo, Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ yabwiye kapiteni VANDRIESSCHE ko ku kicaro cya MINUAR gishinzwe akarere ka Kigali bari bamaze kumubwira ko hari umusirikare mukuru wingabo zu Rwanda wagombaga kuza ku kibuga cyindege kugirango ayobore abo basirikare abajyane i Kanombe. Uwo musirikare mukuru ntabwo yigeze aza. c. I saa kumi zijoro (04h.) Komanda wicyicaro cya MINUAR gishinzwe akarere ka Kigali, Koloneli BEM MARCHAL yasobanuye neza ko abo basirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kugirango hatagira igihindurwa. Yabajije niba abashinzwe gutegura ibisasu barashoboraga kumenya ukuntu indege yarashwe. Komanda wa batayo Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ amubwira ko bitashoboka. Komanda Koloneli BEM MARCHAL avuga ko yavuganye nicyicaro gikuru cyingabo zu Rwanda, nabo bavuga ko bavuganye nabasirikare bari i Kanombe kwemerera no kuyobora itsinda ryabasirikare bAbabiligi ba MINUAR bagombaga kujya kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kugeza igihe hazira abashinzwe kugenzura ibyuko iyo ndege yahanutse. . d. I saa kumi niminota cumi nitanu (04.15) komanda wungirije wumutwe wabasirikare wari ushinzwe kurinda ikibuga cyindege, Liyetona VERMEULEN yari ku kibuga agerageza
Ubuhamya Koloneli Luc Marchal yahaye ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare i Buruseli, kuwa 11 Ukwakira 1994 ImigerekaA/1 wInyandikomvugo N1575 (ku byerekeye Ntuyahaga) 232 Ubuhamyas abakaporali babajepe Segatama Emmanuel na Zigirumugabe Grgoire, bahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 04 Kanama 2008 no kuwa 06 Kanama 2008 ; nubwo Serija Iyamuremye Emmanuel yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 24 Nyakanga 2008 no kuwa 11 Kanama 2008.
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gukemura ikibazo cyAjida CANTINEAUX, bari bahejejwe kuri bariyeri aho bari basanzwe binjirira ku kibuga cyindege. Liyetona VERMEULEN rero yabonye amabwiriza, ava aho ngaho afata umuhanda wa Kanombe ajyanye na serija MAUFROID. Banyuze imbere yumuryango munini wikibuga cyindege bahura ninzitizi nkeya ariko nta bariyeri yari igihari. Bageze ku muryango wikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe, abasirikare baharinze babirukanye bababwira nabi cyane. Byaragaragara ko abo basirikare ba Kanombe batari bahawe amabwiriza yo kubareka ngo banyureho. e. Ubwo rero itsinda ryarahindukiye, bimenyeshwa Col BEM MARCHAL, ababwira kuguma bugufi aho bategereje ko avugana nabasirikare bu Rwanda. Kwitegeko rya komanda wa batayo Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ iryo tsinda ribanza kujya ahantu hagati yikibuga cyindege naho binjiriraga ikigo cya KANOMBE. Kuko komanda mukuru wingabo za MINUAR mu karere ka Kigali, Koloneli BEM MARCHAL atari yabashije kumvikana nabasirikare bu Rwanda, komanda wa batayo Liyetona Koloneli DEWEZ yahaye komanda wungirije Liyetona VERNEULEN amabwiriza yo kujya ku munara wikibuga wa kera. Komanda wungirije, Liyetona Verneulen, yongera kunyura imbere yumuryango mukuru wikibuga, ariko ahagarikwa kuri N8. I saa kumi nimwe niminota mirongo ine (05.40) aguma hagati ya N8 na N9, mu gihe abasirikare bu Rwanda bashyiraga bariyeri ku muhanda wa Kibungo. Nkuko Dallaire abivuga, Koloneli Bagosora yari yamusezeranije ko agiye gutegeka abasirikare bari kwa Perezida bakareka MINUAR ikajya kurinda aho hantu indege yahanukiye. Ariko abasirikare bari barinze kwa Perezida, butse inabi MINUAR babirukana namahane menshi. Hashize ukwezi ni bwo MINUAR yashoboye kugera aho indege yahanukiye. Dallaire ati: Byafashe igihe()byaratinze kugera mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi kugirango twebwe MINUAR dushobore kugera aho indege yahanukiye. Ingabo zirinda Perezida zaratwangiye ku buryo budasubirwaho233. Byose birerekana bihagije ko Koloneli Bagosora atashakaga ko MINUAR yegera ibisigazwa byindege kugirango iperereza ritabogamye ritabona ibimemyetso byashoboraga kwerekana abagize uruhare mwihanurwa ryindege, hagati aho bivanwa aho birahishwa. Ukwanga ko MINUAR igera aho indege yahanukiye ntibyumvikana, kuko yari ifite inshingano zo kurinda aho indege yahanukiye kugeza iperereza ritabogamye rihageze. Ubundi ntabwo abasirikare bAbanyarwanda bagomba kuharinda ngo bakurwe na MINUAR; mu bisanzwe Ingabo zIgihugu na MINUAR bagombaga gufatanya kuharinda. Kuki banze ko aho hantu harindwa nigice kitabogamye mu ntambara, niba atari ukugirango bahishe icyatuma batahurwa? Nkuko tuza kubibona nyuma, abatangabuhamya babibonye baremeza ko Abafaransa bitonze bakajagajaga ibisigazwa byindege ndetse nagasanduka kirabura bakagatwara hagati yo kwitariki ya 06 niya 07 Mata 1994.

Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Romo Dallaire na mu rubanza rwAkayesu, TPIR (Arusha), Icyumba cya 1, kuwa 25 Gashyantare 1998

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Abasirikare bAbafaransa bahawe umwihariko wo kugera aho indege yahanukiye Mu kanya kakurikiye ihanurwa ryindege, hahurujwe abasirikare bose bibigo binyuranye byi Kigali. i Kanombe habonekaga cyane abasirikare ba batayo yabaparakomando. Iminota mike nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, Majoro Ntabakuze wari ukuriye iyo batayo yabashyize hamwe arababwira ati: indege ya Perezida imaze kuraswa na FPR none hagomba gukurikiraho kumuhorera. Yabamenyesheje ko bagomba kwitegura urugamba rukomeye, kandi ntibagire ubwoba ni bumva amasasu muri ibi bice ngo araba ari aya bagenzi babo. Nyuma yihanurwa, icyakurikiyeho ni ukurasa amasasu menshi mu cyerekezo cya Masaka. Hanyuma haba iteraniro rya bose. Majoro Ntabakuze yaratubwiye ati: Dore baduciye umutwe. Ubu igisigaye ni ukwihorera. Tugiye mu nama yihutirwa ku cyicaro gikuru cyingabo, mutegereze icyemezo kiri bufatwe234. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, Abafaransa babigishaga bagatoza na batayo yaparakomando, umuLiyetona Koloneli Grgoire De Saint Quentin yari muri iryo koraniro ryahamagarirwaga gukora jenoside235. Nyuma yiryo koraniro, na nyuma yo guha amabwiriza iyo batayo yabaparakomando, Majoro Ntabakuze nAbafaransa bagiye aho indege yahanukiye batangira gusaka muri ibyo bisigazwa byindege, batwara ibyuma nibimanyu babona bifite akamaro no gutandukanya imirambo. Muri batayo yabaparakomando harimo kompanyi CRAP, yaremwe kandi igatozwa nAbafaransa, izobereye mu bikorwa byubucengezi nubutasi bya gisirikare mu karere kumwanzi. Abo nibo boherejwe na majoro Ntabakuze mu rugo kwa Perezida mu minota ikurikira ihanurwa. Ni bo bafashije gusaka indege, gushaka imirambo, bari kumwe ningabo zarindaga Perezida, bakanarinda urugo rwe mu mpande zose, nimbere aho igikanka cyindege cyari kiri. Amarembo abiri manini yacungwaga ningabo zarindaga Perezida nahandi hatanu hakikije urugo rwa Perezida236. Aba CRAP barindaga byumwihariko aho indege yahanukiye. Aba basirikare bo muri CRAP nabarindaga Perezida nibo barashe urufayo rwamasasu indege ikimara guhanuka. Majoro Ntabakuze nabasirikare bAbafaransa bahuriye kwa Perezida nabandi basirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zigihugu, nka Koloneli Baransaritse, umuyobozi wibitaro bya gisirikare bya Kanombe, Majoro Mpiranya Protais, komanda wingabo zirinda Perezida, Koloneli Flicien Muberuka, komanda wikigo cya Kanombe, nabandi. Bakuye ibyuma byinshi ku ndege babitwara mu kigo cya Kanombe. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ubuhamya bwatanzwe nabasirikare bo muri batayo yarindaga Perezida, nabaparakomando bakoreraga muri iyo minsi kwa Perezida baravuga ko abo bafaransa babigishaga, batahwemaga kujya ku bisigazwa
Ubuhamya Kaporali Nyirinkwaya Jean-Damascne, yatangiye i Kigali, kuwa 06 Kamena 2008 ; Ubundi buhamya bwatanzwe na batayo yparakomando buravuga bimwe : nkubwo Kalinijabo Damien yatangiye Nyaruguru kuwa 30 Gicurasi 2008 ; Kayitare Gatan yatangiye i Kigali kuwa 25 Kamena 2008 ; ubwo Nsengimana Joseph yatangiye i Gicumbi kuwa 26 Kamena 2008 ; ubwo 1er Serija Munyaneza Emmanuel yatangiye Ngoma (Kibungo) kuwa 10 Nyakanga 2008 ; ubwo Habimana Gonzague, yatangiye Muhanga, kuwa 07 Kanama 2008, etc. 235 Uru ruhare rwAbafaransa ruratuma humvikana impamvu Liyetona Koloneli Grgoire De Saint Quentin yashatse cyane gutanga ubuhamya burengera Majoro Ntabakuze mu rubanza rwe mu rukiko rwArusha (TPIR) ! Kuwa 18 Ukuboza 2008, urwo rukiko rwasanze Ntabakuze ahamwa nicyaha cya jenoside rumukatira gufungwa burundu. 236 Ubuhamya Segatama Emmanuel yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 04 Kanama 2008. Uyu yari umujepe ushinzwe kurinda aho Perezida yari atuye ukwezi nigice guhera muri Werurwe 1994.
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byindege bari kumwe naba ofisiye bakuru mu ngabo zigihugu bari ku isonga ryintagondwa. Ibyo bakuragayo babitwaraga mu ikamyoneti yingabo zigihugu ubusanzwe yakoreshwaga na Koloneli Dr Baransaritse. Biranditse neza mu ifishi n543/DEF/EMA/ESG ya minisiteri yingabo yAbafaransa yo kwitariki ya 07 Nyakanga 1998, isubiza ibibazo byintumwa zinteko ishinga amategeko aho abagize AMT bari ku mugoroba wo kuwa 06/04/1994: abafasha mu bya tekinike ya gisirikare 24 kuri 25 bari mu mujyi wa Kigali, no mu kigo cya Kanombe, no mu ngo zabo ku wa 06 mata 1994 igihe indege yahanurwaga (uwari ushinzwe ibya gisirikare muri ambasade yari I Paris mu butumwa) ; i Kanombe , umuyobzi wa batayo De Saint Quentin naba ofisiye bato bari bacumbitse mu kigo nimiryango yabo bari mu ngo zabo. Nibo babaye aba mbere mu kugira icyo bakora ku ihanurwa rya Falcon ya Perezida hafi yikigo mu ma saa 20.30 ; uwo musirikare mukuru nabandi babiri bamukurikira bari bamaze kugera ku ndege saa 20.45. bahita babitangariza ku muyoboro wumutekano wAmbasade yAbafaransa, 237. Biratangaje ko iyo nyandiko yo muri Minisiteri yIngabo batayitayeho ngo bayishyire muri raporo yamakuru yahawe inteko ishinga amategeko yu Bufaransa, kandi barayohereje kuko bari bayisabye. Raporo ya MIP irerekana ko : Umuliyotena Koloneli Grgoire De Sain Quentin yahageze inshuro ebyiri Hirya ikongera iti : yashoboye kugera bwa mbere aho indege yahanukiye nko mu ma saa yine, aherekejwe numusirikare mukuru wUmunyarwanda yarazi, agirango amutambutse ku basirikare barindaga Perezida bari barakaye cyane238. Liyetena Koloneli Grgoire De Saint Quentin yemereye MIP ko yahagumye kugera saa cyenda za mugitondo ashakisha imirambo yabari batwaye indege. Mu buhamya bwe yongeye kwemerera MIP ko yasubiye yo ubwa kabiri, bucyeye mu gitondo mu masaha ya saa mbiri, ashaka agasanduka kirabura mu bisigazwa byindege, ariko ntiyakabona239. Muri raporo isoza ya MIP harimo ikosa (ryakozwe nkana); hari ibyo bakuyemo biteye ikibazo. Ubwa mbere, ifishi n543 bahaye MIP mu buhamya, iravuga neza ko umuliyetena Grgoire de Saint Quentin yageze aho indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanukiye saa 20.45 ntabwo ari saa 22h. Ikindi iyo fishe iravuga ko Umuliyetena Koloneli Grgoire De Saint Quentin atahageze wenyine, ahubwo ko yari kumwe nabandi ba suzofisiye babiri bAbafaransa. Wakwibaza impamvu Umuliyetena Koloneli Grgoire De Saint Quentin yabeshye MIP, ntababwire ko atagiye yo wenyine, agahisha ko yageze ku bisigazwa byindege nyuma yiminota cumi nitanu gusa.

Aho Ingabo za FPR zari ziri muri CND

Igihe FPR yari imaze kugera muri CND mUkuboza 1993, hateganyije gushyiraho Leta yinziba cyuho, abasirikare ba MINUAR boherejwe kubungabunga umutekano wa buri munsi kuri CND no kugenzura ibikorwa ningendo bya FPR. Ikindi kandi ingabo za FAR zagenzuraga cyane FPR ku buryo bacungiraga bugufi abinjira nabasohoka muri CND ku buryo ntabantu bashoboraga kuvamo ngo bajye i Masaka batabonywe nabari bashinzwe kuneka ba FAR.
237 238

MIP, Igitabo cya II, Imigereka, urup.269 MIP, Igitabo cya II, Imigereka, urup. 248 239 Ibidem

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Gucungwa no kugenzurwa nIngabo za MINUAR

FPR ikimara kugera i Kigali, MINUAR yashyizeho amabwiriza yihariye ajyanye no gusohoka no kwinjira muri CND kugirango ibashe kugenzura ibintu nabantu byinjira cyangwa bisohoka. Ni uko rero ku muryango winyuma ku ruhande rureba Gishushu ari naho honyine delegasiyo ya FPR nabashyitsi babo bari bemerewe kunyura, hari igitabo cyandikwamo abinjira nabasohoka. Buri muntu winjiraga muri icyo gice cya CND ntabwo yandikwaga mu gitabo gusa yasakagwa na MINUAR yinjira, yajya gusohoka na none bikaba bityo. Intumwa za FPR mu ngendo zazo nazo ni ko byazigendekeraga. Mbere yo gusohoka muri CND byasabwaga MINUAR mu nyandiko amasaha cumi nabiri mbere yurugendo. Iyo fishi isaba gusohoka ikavuga aho bajya, impamvu zo gusohoka, aho bazanyura, umubare wabantu, umubare nubwoko bwintwaro abasirikare babaga babaherekeje bafite, nibindi. Hanyuma abayoboye MINUAR bakabaha abasirikare bo kubaherekeza kugera iyo bagiye. Mu rugendo rero imodoka ya MINUAR yabaga iri imbere, indi hagati, nindi inyuma yumurongo wamamodoka. Ingendo zose zajyaga mu mujyi cyangwa kure ni uko zakorwaga ziherekejwe na MINUAR. Byaba abantu, byaba imodoka, byasakwaga bisohoka muri CND, ibyo abantu bafite, cyangwa biri mu modoka, bikandikwa mu gitabo, bagaruka na none bigakorwa bityo. MINUAR kandi yari ifite ibyuma bipima niba hari intwaro ku miryango FPR yanyuragamo. Ibyo byuma bikareba ako kanya niba hari intwaro zitari zizwi, zitanditswe ku ifishi. Hakurikijwe amasezerano yari yaremewe nimpande zombi, abasirikare ba FPR bari bafite uburenganzira bwo gutwara gusa intwaro zoroshye zo kurinda abayobozi bagombaga kuzajya muri Leta yinzibacyuho, kandi FPR igakoresha gusa imodoka zatanzwe na Leta yu Rwanda. Ku byerekeye ingendo zajyaga ku kicaro cya FPR ku Mulindi, MINUAR yandikaga umubare wabantu bagiye yo, bagaruka igasuzuma ko ari bo bonyine bagarutse. Iyo habaga hari abagomba kuguma ku Mulindi, abayobozi ba FPR bagombaga kubivuga bagisohoka. Ku Mulindi ipakira ryibyokurya, byinkwi nibindi bikoresho byakorwaga MINUAR ihahagaze, hari ikayi yanditswemo ibyapakiwe byose bigasinywa na MINUAR nabayobozi ba FPR. Nyuma MINUAR igaherekeza imodoka zose kuva ku Mulindi kugera i Kigali. Mu nzira hagati ya Kigali na Mulindi, nkuko byakorwaga mu gusohoka muri CND, imodoka ya MINUAR yabaga iri imbere, indi iri hagati, indi iri inyuma yimodoka kugirango hatagira imodoka nimwe ya FPR yashaka guhagarara cyangwa guta umurongo. Akenshi uwo murongo wimodoka wagenzurwaga mu kirere na Kajugujugu kugera igihe zinjiriye muri CND. Mu nzira nubwo MINUAR igihe cyose yabaga iherekeje umurongo wimodoka, abasirikare bu Rwanda ntabwo byasaga naho babyizeye, nabo bashyiraga ho akabo bagasaka amakamyo ya FPR. Abatanga ubuhamya bavuga ko hari bariyeri yingabo zu Rwanda Rukomo, hagati ya Byumba na Kigali, aho umurongo wimodoka wahagarikwaga zigasakwa. Hari nubwo abasirikare bategekaga ko imodoka zipakururwa kugirango basuzume neza ibizirimo 240.

240

Ubuhamya Koloneli Andrew Kagame yahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 28 Ugushyingo 2008

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Igihe imodoka zabaga zigeze kuri CND, MINUAR yazisakiraga ku muryango; ibizirimo bikandikwa, numubare, nibiranga abantu baturutse ku Mulindi. Ibyo byakorerwaga kugirango hatagira numuntu numwe winjira muri CND atamenywe na MINUAR. Ibintu abashyitsi babaga bafite byagenzurwaga na MINUAR, ikabigumana, ikaza kubibasubiza basohotse. MINUAR kandi yari ifite abasirikare bahoraga barinze uruzitiro rwa CND, bigatuma ntawashoboraga kwinjiramo anyuze mu nzira itemewe241. Ubwo buryo bukomeye bwo kurinda umutekano rero ntibwashoboraga kwemerera nkuko umucamanza Bruguire yabivuze, intwaro muri CND242, yavuze ko arizo zarashe indege ya Perezida243 . Ntibyashobokaga kandi kubika hejuru ya CND ibisanduka birimo ibisasu byaba byarakoreshejwe kurasa indege. MINUAR nta kuntu yashoboraga kutabona ibyo bisanduka biri hejuru yinzu nka CND, kuko abantu bose bashoboraga kureba uruhande baturutseho urwo ari rwo rwose. Ibi birerekana ko bamwe mu banditse uko ibyindege byagenze bibeshye cyane, bavuga ko ibitwaro binini byashoboraga kwinjizwa muri CND. Nka Pierre Pan uvuga ko ibibunda bibiri birasa missile byaba byarakoreshejwe ningabo za FPR kurasa indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana, avuga ko byashoboraga kuba bihishwe muri kamyo yari yikoreye inkwi muri Gashyantare 1994. Yanditse avuga ati: Muri Gashyantare 1994, ba kaporali John, Moses na Stanley, hamwe na serija Seromba bapakiye ibisasu bibiri muri kamyo ya Mercedes babihisha mu nsi yinkwi. Karakonje wari utwaye iyo modoka afata umuhanda wi Kigali. Ntacyo yishishaga kuko abasirikare ba MINUAR( abasirikare ba Loni)ni bo bonyine bari bagenzuye ibyo yikoreye. Ariko kandi umukuru wabo, umuJenerali wumunyakanada, Romo Dallaire yasaga nkaho ntacyo yikanga mu byo Kagame akora kandi nta mugayo kuko yerekanaga ko ashyigikiye uwo muyobozi winyeshyamba. Kandi niyo abasirikare ba LONI bagerageza gusaka, abasirikare ba FPR bari bafite amabwiriza yo kubabuza. Umushoferi Karakonje nibyo yikoreye bakikijwe ningabo ziyobowe na Charles Kayonga yageze i Kigali muri CND nta nzitizi nimwe. Aho rero hari abasirikare 600 bingabo za FPR hakurikijwe amasezerano yArusha. Bya bisasu bibiri byabitswe mu cyumba cya Majoro Jacob Tumwine244 . Komite yaje kubona umushoferi Karakonje, izina rye bwite ni Safari Eugne, yakira ubuhamya bwe ku byo Pierre Pan yari yanditse. Ku gisubizo yatanze ntawagira icyo yongeraho: Muri 1994 nari umusirikare wa APR, nari mu ngabo 600 zoherejwe muri CND. Natwaraga ikamyo twari twarahawe na Leta y u Rwanda. Najyaga ku Mulindi nkazana inkwi nibyokurya. Najyaga no kuvoma amazi ku Kimisagara mu bigega bya Electrogaz, igihe cyose nabaga mperekejwe na MINUAR. Naho kubyerekeye ko natwaraga intwaro muri kamyo nari mfite, ni ibinyoma byambaye ubusa bidashobora kwemerwa numuntu uwari we wese. Ku Mulindi najyaga kuzana inkwi nibigori, MINUAR yaratugenzuraga cyane kandi ntibe yanatureka twenyine umunota n umwe.
Ubuhamya Patrick Mazimpaka na Tito Rutaremara bahaye Komite i Kigali, kuwa 02 no kuwa 03 Ukwakira 2008 ; ubwo Koloneli Rwigamba George yatangiye i Kigali kuwa 28 Ukwakira 2008. 242 Manda ya Bruguire, urup.32 na 53 243 Manda ya Bruguire, urup. 44 244 Pierre Pan, Noires fureurs, blancs menteurs, Paris, Fayard, 2005, urup. 11-12
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Yagenzuraga neza ibyo twabaga dupakira. Kuva i Kigali, MINUAR yakurikiraga kamyo yanjye yabaga ntacyo ipakiye.. Ku Mulindi mu gihe twabaga dupakira, MINUAR ntiyavaga iruhande rwiyo kamyo ikanagenzura ibyo dupakira byose. Iyo twamaraga gupakira, twatwikirizaga ikamyo ihema tugafunga nimigozi ikomeye. Ubwo natsaga imodoka, nkagenda imodoka ya MINUAR indi imbere, indi iri inyuma. Iyo twageraga kuri bariyeri ya Ngondore, agace kagabanyaga akarere kari mu maboko ya FPR nakari mu maboko yingabo zu Rwanda, abasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda bantegekaga gufungura ihema, bagasaka ikamyo. Hari indi bariyeri i Byumba yingabo zu Rwanda aho bansabaga guhagarara. Nabo baransakaga. Iyo barangizaga gusaka, bakatureka tukagenda, na none imodoka imwe ya MINUAR yanjyaga imbere indi ikanjya inyuma kugera kuri CND. Twapakururaga imodoka MINUAR ihahagaze; Ibi ndabihamya. Izo misile zivugwa ntabwo zigeze zinjizwa mu ikamyo. Ntibyashobokaga, mu gihe MINUAR yaduhozagaho ijisho. Abasirikare ba MINUAR bari Ababiligi. Napakiraga gusa inkwi, amazi, nibiribwa. Ni ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa kuvuga ko ba Kaporali John, Moses na Stanley bapakiye za misile mu ikamyo. Ibi ntibyashobokaga gukorwa ntabimenye; ntibyigezze bibaho; mu byukuri, ibi ntibyashobokaga na gato, ukurikije ukuntu twagenzurwaga245 . Igenzura mu ibanga kandi ridahwema ryinzu yInama y Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere (CND) ryakorwaga nabajepe Uretse ko MNIUAR yagenzuraga FPR, ingabo zu Rwanda nazo zagenzuraga ahakikije CND mu ibanga rikomeye, ntakibacika. Amatsinda yabajepe bari baratoranyijwe kandi bashingwa imirimo yo kugenzura buri kintu cyakorerwaga kuri CND, kumenya abinjira nabasohoka kandi buri mugoroba bagombaga guha raporo yibyo babonye byose, Majoro MPIRANYA wari Komanda wikigo cyabajepe. Abo basirikare babaga bambaye imyenda ya gisivili kandi bakoraga amarondo ku muzenguruko wIkigo cya CND, batahura kandi bagerageza kumenya abantu bose binjiragayo, bandika inomero zimodoka zabo. Irindi tsinda ryabajepe, bahoraga bambaye imyenda isanzwe, bakoraga igenzura rya CND, bakoresheje amapikipiki kandi bakurikiraga rwihishwa abantu basohokaga muri CND kugira ngo bamenye aho batuye cyangwa aho bakorera. Igihe kimwe, kubera ubwo butumwa budasanzwe bwahabwaga abajepe, umubare wabo waragabanutse cyane, bituma abajepe bunganirwa na Batayo ya Paracommando bari barimuriwe muri uwo mutwe. Ibyo bikorwa byigenzura byahoragaho. Amatsinda yasimburanaga amanywa nijoro ku buryo bagenzuraga, ubudahwema abantu bose nibintu byose byinjiraga nibyasohokaga muri CND246. Ni muri urwo rwego ku mugoroba witariki ya 6 Mata 1994, igihe jenoside yatangiraga, abajepe byumwihariko, nUbuyobozi Bukuru bwIngabo zu Rwanda, bari bazi neza abantu bose bigeze kugera mu ruhande rwa CND rwari rwahawe FPR. Abo bantu nibo abajenosideri bahereyeho bica. Ndetse bamwe muri abo bishwe mbere yuko indege
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 1 Ukuboza 2008 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Twagirimana Andr, i Nyanza, ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2008 ; na Serija Nsengiyumva Thogne, i Kigali, ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2008.
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ihanurwa. Bishwe nitsinda ryabakomando mu ngabo zabajepe nyuma yamabwiriza yatanzwe na Serija Rurikujisho, wakomokaga ku i Kora, mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi247. Ubuhamya bwinshi bwatanzwe nabahoze mu ngabo zu Rwanda, barimo bamwe mu bari bashinzwe kugenzura CND, basobabanura uburyo bakoragamo misiyo yabo yigenzura, yatangiye ingabo za FPR zikimara kugera muri CND ku wa 28 Ukuboza 1993, hanyuma iyo misiyo iza kongererwa ingufu nimigambi yayo irushaho gukaza umurego, guhera muri Werurwe 1994. Bizimana Claver, umusirikare muri Batayo yAbaparakomando, ni umwe mu basirikare bagiye kunganira ingabo zabajepe kandi akaba yaragize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa; Mu mpera zumwaka wa 1993, abajepe bahawe ubutumwa bwo kugenzura CND. Hari abasirikare bo muri izo ngabo bashinzwe byumwihariko iyo misiyo yo kugenzura CND mu buryo bwihishe, kugira ngo bamenye abinjira nabasohoka muri CND nibikorerwa mu nkengero zicyo kigo. Ijambo ryibanga ryicyo gikorwa ryari Itinraire!ki gikorwa cyabagaho kuri CND mbere yuko FPR ihagera ariko cyarongererwe guhera mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 1994 kandi cyari kigamije byumwihariko kugenzura ibikorwa bya FPR. Abasirikare bambaraga imyenda ya gisivili kandi bagenzuraga kuri kintu cyose cyaberaga muri CND no mu nkengero zayo. Mu mezi ya Werurwe na Mata 1994, icyo gikorwa cyahawe izindi mbaraga ku buryo mu masa yine za mugitondo abasirikare benshi bo mu bajepe babaga boherejwe muri ibyo bikorwa, usibye bamwe babaga bashinzwe indi mirimo yatumaga badashobora gusohoka mu kigo, nkabari bashinzwe imirimo ya tekiniki nizamu. Iri genzura na none ryakorwaga mu duce twegereye CND no ku muhanda uva i Kanombe ugana mu mujyi rwagati wa Kigali. I248. Serija Nsengiyumva Etienne, umusirikare wari mu bajepe kuva 1977 kugeza 1994, yari umwe mu basirikare bashingwaga rimwe na rimwe ibyo bikorwa bari barahimbye itinraire byo kugenzura FPR, yasobanuye uburyo iryo guenzura ryakorwaga muri aya magambo : FPR ikimara kugera i Kigali, nari ntuye mu Kigo cyabajepe ku Kimihurura. Ubusanzwe, hari abasirikare bashinzwe umutekano wikigo, ariko kuva aho FPR igereye i Kigali, uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano bwarongerewe ku buryo budasanzwe, haba ku Kimihurura cyangwa i Kanombe. Hashyizweho umutwe wari ushinzwe byumwihariko ubutumwa bwo kugenzura mu ibanga ariko neza, ingendo zose zakorwaga nabasirikare nabayobozi ba FPR bari bacumbitse muri CND. Umuhanda wose wavaga ku icumbi ryaPerezida wa Repubulika i Kanombe kugera mu mujyi wari uzwi nkinzira yigenzura ridasanzwe rya buri munsi. Rimwe na rimwe, najyaga nkora iyo mirimo yo kugenzura ndi ku ipikipiki, ku buryo nazengurukaga umuhanda wose uva ku icumbi rya Perezida kugera ku Kimihurura ngasubira kwa Perezida i Kanombe no ku biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika. Nkurikije uko amatsinda yacu yabaparakomando yagenzuraga FPR, ku buryo buhoraho, ndahamya ko bitashobokaga ko umuntu yasohoka muri CND, tutamubonye. Yego ntitwari
Sgt Nsengiyumva Thogne, Umusirikare wo mu Ngabo zirinda Perezida Repubulika hagati ya 1990 na 1994, watanze ubuhamya i Kigali, ku wa 8 Ukwakira 2008 248 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Huye, ku wa 20 Kanama 2008
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tuzi abantu bose bari batuye muri CND, ariko twakoraga igenzura rikaze ku buryo ntekereza ko byari bikomeye ko umuntu wa FPR asohoka muri CND abajepe batamubonye. Byongeye kandi, hari na MINUAR yagenzuraga imodoka kandi yanaziherekezaga iyo zasohokaga zijya ku Mulindi cyangwa mu mujyi249. Nyabagabo Flicien, wari umujepe kuva muri 1985 kugeza muri 1994 ashimangira ko igenzura ryabinjiraga nabasohokaga muri CND ryari igikorwa cyingenzi cyabajepe kandi akanasobanura aho iryo genzura ryakorerwaga Kuva FPR yagera muri CND, twabonye ikintu gishya aho abasirikare bambaye imyenda ya gisivili bahawe misiyo yo gukorera hafi ya CND, mu gihe byabaga ari ngombwa. Abo basirikare bagenzuraga umuhanda uva ku Kimihurura Htel Mridien kugera i Kanombe, hamwe no mu mujyi kuri Perezidansi ya Repubulika. Bagendaga ku maguru. Banoherezwaga cyane cyane mu duce twa Kicukiro na Gikondo, na none bambaye imyenda ya gisivili. Banagenzuraga umuhanda wa Remera-Kajagari-Mulindi250. Abandi batangabuhamya bahoze ari abasirikare mu ngabo zigihugu (EX-FAR) nabo barabihamya, bashimangira ukuntu iryo genzura ryakorwaga, ku buryo budasanzwe kandi budahwema, igihe FPR nabayobozi bayo bari bacumbitse kuri CND. Ibi rero bisobanurako bitashobokaga ko abasirikare ba FPR bagera i Masaka, bavuye kuri CND banyuze inzira yumuhanda. Abo batangabuhamya bavugako hari za bariyeri ku muhanda zagenzurwaga nabasirikare zari zarashyizwe ahantu hanyuranye hagati ya CND numujyi wa Kabuga zabagaho umutwe wa Jandarumori yIgihugu. Izo bariyeri zari zarashyizwe byumwihariko ahitwa i Remera-Giporoso, Nyandungu, ku Mulindi no kuri 19 ku muhanda ujya i Masaka, uvuye kuri kaburimbo. Nkuko bivugwa haruguru, iyi bariyeri yo kuri 19 yashyizweho intambara yUkwakira 1990 igitangira kandi yakomeje gukora kugeza ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege. Hari nizindi bariyeri zimurwaga buri gihe nkiyo ku Mulindi, no kuri 15 ku muhanda ujya i Ndera. MINUAR nayo yakoraga igenzura ritunguranye ariko rya buri gihe kuri uwo muhanda. Izi ngingo zose zituma abatangabuhamya bemezako bitashobokaga ko umukomando wa FPR anyura kuri izo bariyeri zose akagera i Masaka, yitwaje imbunda ziremereye ziri kuri kamyoneti, cyane cyane ko ahantu hitwa CEBOL, aho ibibunda bya misile byarashe indege bivugwa ko byari bishinze ari kuri Metero 300 gusa, uvuye ku muhanda munini wa kaburimbo. Byongeye kandi, muri ayo masangano, hari bariyeri ikomeye yingabo zu Rwanda yagenzurwaga na jandarumori ku manywa, naho nijoro ikagenzurwa nabasirikare bo mu kigo cya Kanombe, cyane cyane bo muri Batayo ya Parakomando cyangwa abajepe. Serija Mutiganda Innocent, wari umusirikare muri Batayo yabaparakomando muri 1994, yayoboraga kenshi imitwe ya gisirikare yari ishinzwe gukora amarondo mu bice bya Kanombe na Masaka. Ku mugoroba wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, yari ayoboye itsinda ryabasirikare bari ku irondo hafi yikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe ku ishuri ryimyuga rya EFOTEC . Arasobanura aho bariyeri zashyirwaga buri gihe nuduce twagenzurwaga: Uvuye kuri CND, ugana i Kabuga, bariyeri ya mbere yari i Remera-Giporoso. Iyi bariyeri yari ikomeye. Hepfo gato, hari indi bariyeri, ariko yo itarinzwe cyane. Ku
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Mulindi naho hari indi bariyeri. Kuri 19 hari bariyeri yabasirikare bacu. Mu ikorosi, hafi yimirima ya Koloneli Kanyarengwe, iruhande rwumuhanda ujya i Masaka hari indi bariyeri igenzurwa na none nabasirikare bacu. Ibi bivuze ko ibikorwa byo kugenzura namarondo by Ingabo zu Rwanda byari bikwiriye hose, kuri uwo muhanda. Kubera ko nzi neza ko kuri izo bariyeri hakorerwaga igenzura rikaze, ndumva bidashoboka ko abasirikare ba FPR bari kunyura kuri izo bariyeri mu modoka ihetse imbunda nini251 . Iyamuremye Emmanuel, nawe wo muri Batayo yabaparakomando kuva muri 1989 kugera muri 1994, atanga ibindi bisobanuro ku buryo hari hacunzwe : Kuva nyuma yiyicwa rya Gatabazi Felesiyani [muri Gashyantare 1994], umutekano warakajijwe kandi ucungwa bikomeye, hakorwa amarondo ya gisirikare mu duce tunyuranye twumujyi wa Kigali. Ayo marondo yari menshi cyane mu duce twa Kanombe na Kabuga ku buryo bitashobokaga kwinjira muri utwo duce, uterekanye ikikuranga. Amarondo yakorwaga ku muhanda ugana ku Mulindi, ahari gereza ya gisirikare, ndetse no mu nkengero zaho. Ayo marondo yakorwaga nabajepe, abasirikare bo mu kigo cyabaparacomando rimwe na rimwe bigakorwa nindi mitwe nka Kompanyi ya L.A.A ou B.A.C. Simbona ukuntu FPR yaba yarashoboye kwinjira rwihishwa nibitwaro binini biremereye mu gace ka Kanombe na Masaka, aho amarondo yabasirikare yasimburanaga252. Gasana Johani Mariya Viyani, Umusirikare muri Batayo ya Parakomando, na Sibomana Zenu, umusirikare muri Kompanyi yibikorwa byubwubatsi bwa Gisirikare, bongeraho ko abasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda batagenzuraga imihanda gusa. Bari banafite ibirindiro ku misozi no mu duce dutuwemo: nyuma yaho FPR igereye muri CND, umutekano warakajijwe kubera ko bishishaga cyane FPR. Twashyize za bariyeri ku muhanda i Remera-Giporoso, i Kanombe, kuri Km19, ku Mulindi na Masaka. Amarondo kandi yakorwaga ku misozi no mu duce dutuwemo. Simbona rwose ukuntu abasirikare ba FPR bashoboraga kunyura kuri izo bariyeri253. Sibomana Zenu asobanura ko amarondo yabasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda yakorwaga mu modoka mu duce twa Kanombe, Kabuga, Musave, Remera, Kabeza, Rubirizi. Hiyongereyeho namarondo yakorwaga ku maguru mu duce twa Kanombe, EFOTEK, Nyarugunga, Mulindi na Masaka254. Serija Majoro Ngendahimana Prosper, wari mu ngabo hagati ya 1987 na 1994 muri Batayo ishinzwe imbunda yimizinga, kandi wari i Kanombe ku iratiki ya 6 Mata 1994, ashimangira ko: Akarere ka Masaka kari karinzwe kose nabasirikare bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda. Ahantu havugwa ko ariho harasiwe ibisasu byahanuye indege hagenzurwaga nabajepe. Ibyo ndabyiyiziye neza. Abasirikare benshi bakuru, barimo na Koloneli Sagatwa, bari batuye muri ako gace kandi hoherezwagayo abajepe cyangwa abaparakomando kugira ngo barinde

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umutekano waho. Birantangaje cyane kumva ko FPR ariyo yarashe indege, iyirasiye muri utwo duce255. Karasanyi Franois, umusirikare wo mu kigo cyi Kanombe muri 1994, yongeraho ko MINUAR nayo yahakoreraga amarondo, yiyongeraga ku yingabo zu Rwanda: Masaka kari akarere karinzwe na MINUAR ku buryo kugacengeramo byari bikomeye, ndetse no ku ngabo z u Rwanda, nkanswe FPR, itaragenda mu bwisanzure. Ni nayo mpamvu nta muntu uhamya ko yabonye izo mbunda zihashingwa cyangwa zikoreshwa; Ibyo byavuzwe nyuma256. Muri make, Abasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda, bari bari mu mitwe yihariye, irimo abajepe, Batayo ya Parakomando, ari nabo bari bafite ubutumwa bwihariye bwo gucunga no kugenzura FPR, bahuriza ari benshi ku ngingo imwe, bemezako CND yagenzurwaga ku buryo budahwema kandi hakaba harakorwaga namarondo ku buryo buhoraho, mu duce two mu nkengero zayo no ku muhanda ugana i Masaka. Basoza bavuga ko kwinjira rwihishwa muri turiya turere byari nkibidashoboka, cyane cyane ko, dukurikije ibisobanurwa ku miterere yimicungire yumutekano muri icyo gihe, abarwanya FPR bo bavuga ko imbunda zarashe ibyo bisasu ngo byaba byarakuwe muri CND bigatwarwa i Masaka hejuru ya kamyoneti257. Koloneli wUmubiligi Walter Balis, Umuyobozi Wungurije ushinzwe Ibikorwa bya Gisirikare muri MINUAR, abisabwe na Jenerali Dallaire, yagiye kuri CND mu minota mike nyuma yihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida wa Repubulika kandi akaba yarahagumye ari ku kazi, agumana na FPR agenzura, nawe ahakana ko bitashobokaga ko ibisasu bya misile bikurwa muri CND bigatwarwa ahakekwa kuba ari ho indege yarasiwe. Atanga ubuhamya imbere ya Komisiyo yIgihugu yu Rwanda ishinzwe gukora iperereza ku ruhare rwUbufaransa muri Jenoside, Koloneli Balis yagize ati: Simpakana ko udutsinda dutoya twabasirikare ba FPR tutashoboraga kubikora kuko bari abasirikare beza. Ariko kuva kuri CND ukajya i Masaka, aho ibisasu byarasiwe, ntawe ukubonye, uhetse ibisasu bya rutura, kuri njye ndumva bitoroshye, kandi byaba bitangaje kubera cyane cyane misile nkizo. Nagiye kuri CND nko mu gihe cyisaha imwe nyuma yihanurwa ryindege kandi narahagumye ijoro ryose no ku umunsi wakurikiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994 mbitegetswe na Jenerali Dallaire. Nkurikije ibyo nashoboye kwibonera, ntekereza ko iyaba ari FPR yahanuye indege, imyitwarire yayo yari kuba iyindi. Za Batayo nabonye ziza nyuma yiminsi ibiri, zari kuba ziri aho ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege, kubera ko nzi ko Jenerali Kagame, kandi iki gitekerezo ngisangiye na benshi, azwiho ubuhanga mu migambi ya gisirikare.
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, muri Musanze, ku wa 11 Nzeli 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, muri Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 257 Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Turatsinze Samusoni, bwakiriwe na Komite, I Kayonza, ku wa 13 Kamana 2008 ; Suliyetona Nkusi Jerali, Gicumbi ku wa 27 Kamena 2008 ; Munyaneza Emanweli, Ngoma (Kibungo), ku wa 10 Nyakanag 2008 ; Sibomana Sitefano, Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 ; Kigereke Yohani Batisita, Kayonza, ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2008 ; Serija wa Mbere Bizimana Damiyani, (Umujepe kuva 1997 kugeza 1994), Musanze, ku wa 10 Nzeli 2008 ; Serija wa Mbere Nsengimana Didasi (Inkambi ya Kanombe 1989-1994), Nyamagabe, ku wa 23 Kanama 2008 ; Bazambanza Yohani Mariya Viyani, Nyamagabe 23 Kanama 2008 ; Serija wa Mbere Bikorimana Ewujene, Huye, ku wa 20 Kanama 2008 ; Serija Mutiganda Inosenyi, Rubavu, ku wa 29 Gashyantare 2008 ; Nsengiyumva Tarisisi, I Kigali, ku wa 4 Kamena 2008 ; nabandi.
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Aba yarateganije mbere uko yabigenza kugira ngo atsinde kandi ahangane nikibazo mu nyungu ze, atarinze gutegereza ko abandi aba ari bo bamubanza. Niyo mpamvu ku bwanjye, numva ko za batayo za FPR zari kuba zafashe ibirindiro bigaragara, imyanya yingenzi ku buryo bugaragara, ndetse na mbere ko indege ya Perezida ihanurwa; Nyamara ibyo nabonye si ko byari bimeze. Ngera muri CND, hari umwuka wituze, ibintu byose biri mu buryo, noneho mbabwiye ko indege ya Perezida imaze kuraswa, nabonye uburyo byabatunguye kandi bikabatangaza. Imitwe ya gisirikare yari ituje igumye hamwe. Nta kintu kidasanzwe cyangwa imyiteguro idasanzwe ya gisirikare nabonye mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 rishyira uwa 7 mata, nta kintu cyabayeho. Ku wa 07 Mata saa kumi zigicamunsi, ni bwo imirongo yabasirikare ba FPR yasohotse muri CND kugira ngo bashobore kurinda ikigo cyose cya CND no gucunga imihanda nutuyira byinjiraga mui CND kugira ngo babone ubwinyagamburiro kandi banashobore gukurikirana no gucunga ibikorwa byabajepe. Bafashe hafi imyanya yose yari izengurutse uruzitiro, ku mihanda igana ku Bitaro byitiriwe Umwami Fayal, kuri hoteli Mridien ugana kuri rompuwe, kugera kuri sitade Amahoro. Iyo yari imyanya yigenzura kugira ngo bashobore gukurikirana, bashobore kwirengera hakiri kare, bibaye ngomwa. Ntabwo byari ibirindiro byimirwano. Hagati aho, nta butumwa numvise kuri radiyo yitumanaho, yari ifunguye amanywa na nijoro - sinajyaga nyifunga na rimwe- ntabwo batayo yabasirikare bo muri Ghana cyangwa indorerezi za gisirikare zari muri Uganda bigeze bambwira ko babonye ingabo za FPR ziva mu birindiro kugera icyo gihe258 . Uko FPR yari ihagaze kuri CND ku mugoroba wihanurwa ryindege no mu minsi yakurikiyeho Hashingiwe ku buhamya byabantu bari kuri CND mu gihe cyihanurwa ryindege, abasirikare ba FPR bari bafungiranye mu nyubako bari baragenewe. Hanze yicyo kigo hari harinzwe nabasirikare ba Loni bo muri Ghana ba MINUAR kandi hari nabasirikare ba FPR bakeya barindaga umutekano wa bagenzi babo bari hejuru yinzu. Umwe muri bo yabonye ibirimi byumuriro mu kirere cya Kanombe, noneho aramanuka abibwira abandi. Abayobozi ba FPR bari imbere mu nzu icyo gihe ntabwo bari bakamenya ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana imaze guhanurwa. Ako kanya, nkuko Tito Rutaremara abisobanura, ntitwigeze tumenya ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana imaze guhanurwa. Umwe mu basirikare bacungaga umutekano hejuru yinzu yaramanutse aza kutuburira ko abonye icyotsi cyumuriro gitukura mu kirere cyi Kanombe, ariko ntitwamenye icyo ari cyo. Hashize akanya, na none abasirikare baragarutse batumenyesha ko indege ya Perezida imaze guhanuka kandi ko babyumvise kuri RTLM. Bagenzi bacu bari i Burayi babimenye mbere yacu kuko bumvaga amaradiyo mpuzamahanga, ari nabwo batangiraga kudutelefona mbere yuko tubona amakuru yimvaho ku mugaragaro. Mu gihe twari tumaze kubona ayo makuru, abajepe batangiye kurasa ibisasu bya rutura kuri CND, noneho duhungira mu myobo yo
Koloneli Walter Balis, watanze ubuhanya mu ruhame, ku wa 23 mata 2007, imbere ya Komisiyo yIgihugu Yigenga ishinzwe gusuzuma uruhare rwUbufaransa muri Jenoside yAbatutsi.
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kwihishamo, abandi bajya mu mazu yikuzimu (Kave). Batangiye kuturasa uwo mugoroba, hashize iminota mikeya twumvise amakuru yurupfu rwa Habyarimana 259 . Amakuru akimara kumenyekana, abayobozi ba FPR bagerageje gushakisha amakuru ku buryo ibintu byari byifashe, cyane cyane ku birebaba nibisasu bya rutura byumvikanaga mu mujyi. Amakuru yageraga kuri FPR na none yavugaga ko ubwicanyi bwari bwatangiye, ko abajepe bari batangiye kujya mu ngo zabatusi nabanyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe nubutegetsi kugira ngo babafate, babice. Tito Rutaremara yatelefonnye jenerali Ndindiriyimana, amubaza impamvu abajepe bicaga abantu kandi anamusobanuza icyo yateganyaga gukora, nkumuyobozi Mukuru wa Jandarumori, kugira ngo arinde abasivile. Jenerali Ndindiriyimana yashubije Rutaremara ko ntacyo yashoboraga gukora, ko icyo kibazo yakigeza kuri Koloneli Bagosora, noneho amuha inomero ye ya telefoni. Nibwo Tito Rutaremara yatelefonaga Bagosora, wamushubije amukankamira, arakaye avuga ko abasirikare bagiye kugarura ibintu mu buryo. Tito Rutaremara amubajije icyo yateganyaga mu rwego rwa politiki cyavana Igihugu mu gihirahiro, Bagosora yamubwiye ko nta gisubizo afitiye FPR, noneho telefoni arayikata260. Icyakurikiyeho ni ukwirengagiza bidasubirwaho Amasezerano yAmahoro ya Arusha, hashyirwaho Komiti ya Gisirikare yo mu bihe bidasanzwe na Guverinoma yAgateganyo, igizwe gusa nintagondwa zAbahutu, no kwanga imishyikiarno iyo ari yo yose na FPR. Uburyo bwo kugenzura bukaze bwabinjiraga nabasohokaga muri CND, kuba MINUAR buri gihe yaraherekezaga abantu bo muri FPR bajyaga mu mujyi, cyane cyane ku Mulindi, aho icyicaro cya FPR cyari kiri, isakwa kugera ku mubiri ryakorerwaga abantu nimodoka mu gihe cyo kwinjira mu nyubako ya CND, aho ingabo nabayobozi ba FPR bari bacumbitse, byerekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko bitashobokaga kwinjiza intwaro cyangwa amasasu, harimo na za misile esheshatu zirasa indege zo mu bwoko bwa SAM 16 bavugako zinjijwe muri CND mu gihe cyingendo zakorwaga ku cyicaro cya FPR ku Mulindi261. Amwe mu makuru ava mu bantu barega FPR kuba ariyo yarashe indege avuga ko ngo haba hari ububiko bwimbunda mu karere katarangwamo ibikorwa bya gisirikare kagenzurwaga na MINUAR, ko ngo i Kigali haba harinjiye rwihishwa abarwanyi bambaye gisivili, ko indege zaba zarabujijwe kunyura hejuru ya CND, ku buryo indege byabaye ngonbwa ko zikoresha inzira imwe rukumbi yikibuga cyindege, ku buryo byari byoroshye gutegura ihanurwa ryindege. Kuri izi ngingo zinyuranye, ibitekerezo nubuhamya byatanzwe nabantu bari bacumbitse muri CND byerekana ko kwinjira rwihishwa kwabasirikare ba FPR mu mujyi wa Kigali bitabayeho, kandi ko niyo biza kuba ari byo, abo basirikare bashoboraga kurwana no kurengera abantu bishwe nta kirengera muri jenoside: Kuvuga ko abasirikare ba FPR batitwaje intwaro binjiye rwihishwa mu murwa Mukuru wa Kigali nta gaciro bifite kuko ntacyo byari kumara. Iyo biza kuba ngombwa ko abasirikare binjira mu mujyi rwihishwa, haba harafashwe ingamba zidasanzwe kugira ngo abo basirikare binjiye mu mujyi bashobore kwirwanaho ubwabo, no kurengera abaturage babasivili. Nyamara, byagaragaye ko jenoside yakozwe nta nkomyi, nta
259 260

Ubuhamya bwa Tito Rutaremara bwakiriwe na Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 3 Ukwakira 2008 Ibidem 261 Inyandiko yakozwe nUmucamanza Bruguire, Urup.32

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kwirwanaho. Iyo tuza kugira abasirikare bazi uduce twa Kigali, abantu benshi baba bararokowe. Na none, biragaragara ko iyo FPR iza kuba ifite imitwe ya gisirikare yacengeye mu mujyi wa Kigali, urugamba rwo gufata i Kigali ntiruba rwaramaze amezi atatu yose, ahubwo rwari kumara ibyumweru bikeya262. Birakwiye gusobanura ko imiterere yimitunganyirize yubutegetsi bwu Rwanda yatangiriraga ku rwego rwo hasi rwitwa Nyumbakumi cyangwa ingo icumi, ku buryo kwinjira rwihishwa muri izo nzego bidashoboka. Naho kubirebana no kubuza ko indege zinyura hejuru ya CND, abatangabuhamya ba FPR babajijwe bahakana ko nta mugambi mubisha cyangwa wuburyarya wari wihishe inyuma yiyi ngamba. Icyemezo cyo kubuza ko indege zinyura hejuru ya CND ntabwo FPR yagifashe yonyine, ahubwo yagifatanye na MINUAR na Guverinoma yu Rwanda yicyo gihe, hagamijwe kurinda umutekano wa CND: Iki cyemezo cyari uburyo busanzwe bwo gucunga umutekano kuberako byari kuba ari uburangare bukomeye kureka indege, zaba iza gisivili cyangwa gisirikare, zikanyura hejuru yinzu irimo abayobozi bakuru ba FPR263. Na none ni ngombwa gusobanura ko ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cyi Kanombe gifite umuhanda umwe rukumbi indege zigwaho, ntabwo ari byinshi, binyuranye nibivugwa nabantu bamwe batazi imiterere yicyo ikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe, nkUmucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguire, wandika yibeshya ko mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 1994, FPR yabujije indege guhagurukira mu inzira ya ya 10 yikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe kandi ngo yahatiye indege zose gukoresha inzira iteganye (Inzira ya 28) inyura mu gace kikibaya kandi karimo ishyamba ka Masaka264. Mu byukuri, inzira imwe rukumbi yIkibuga cyindege cya Kanombe ifite icyerekezo kiva iburasirazuba kigana iburengerazuba, ku buryo icyerekezo indege ziturukamo zigwa, ndetse kugera na nubu, ari iburasirazuba kuko mu burengerazuba, umujyi wa Kigali ukikijwe nimisozi ine miremire cyane, ari yo: Umusozi wa Rebero (1809m), Umusozi wa Kigali (1856m), Umusozi wa Jali (2042m) numusozi wa Shyorongi (1737 m). Byongeye, ntabwo CND iri mu cyerekezo indege zagwiragamo, ku buryo bitumvikana impamvu bashakaga ko indege ziyinyura hejuru. Ibi bisobanuro bifatika byerekana ku buryo buhagije ko ibyo Bruguire avuga ko kubuza indege kunyura hejuru ya CND, byorohereje FPR gutegura ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, bidafite agaciro. Hanatanzwe nibisobanuro ku ngendo zabasirikare ba APR kuva ku Mulindi. Abasirikare ba APR ntabwo batangiye kwitegura kuva ku Mulindi bagana i Kigali ku wa 3 Mata 1994, ahubwo bahagurutse ku Mulindi ku wa 8 Mata 1994 mu gitondo kandi bagera kuri CND mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1994 rishyira itariki ya 9 Mata 1994. Koloneli Walter Balis, wari Umuhuza uhoraho muri iyo minsi hagati ya MINUAR nintumwa za FPR zari kuri CND, yarabyiboneye: Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 7 rishyira ku wa 8 Mata, ahagana saa munani za nijoro, Jenerali Dallaire yarampamagaye ampa ubutumwa bwari bugenewe Jenerali KAGAME, ansaba ko namubwira ibi bikurikira: Ndizera ko ibintu biza kujya mu buryo, ndakwinginze ntugire ikintu ukora hagati aho. Ubwo butumwa nahise mbugeza kuri Jenerali KAGAME mbinyujije mu muyoboro witumanaho, noneho nyuma yisaha imwe, mbona
Ubuhamya bwa Patrick Mazimpaka bwakiriwe na Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2008 Ubuhamya bwa Patrick Mazimpaka, ku wa 2 Ukwakira; Koloneli Andrew Kagame, i Kigali, ku wa 28Ugushyingo 2008 264 Inyandiko yakozwe nUmucamanza Bruguire, Urup.45
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igisubizo cya Jenerali KAGAME ambwirako: Mbemereye ko ntacyo nzakora, nta kintu na gito nzakora, ntabikumenyesheje, ariko icya mbere nzakora ni ukohereza indi Batayo i Kigali. Nta shiti ni iyo batayo nabonye igera kuri CND mu ijoro ryo ku wa 8 rishyira ku wa 9 Mata 1994. Bahageze mu ijoro, sinashoboye kubabara, ariko bari benshi benda kungana na Batayo. Bamaze amasaha make kuri CND, nyuma baza kugenda muri iryo joro265.

Ubuhamya mu ruhame bwa Koloneli Walter Balis, i Kigali, ku wa 23 Mata 2007, imbere ya Komisiyo yIgihugu Yigenga ishinzwe Kwegeranya Ibimenyetso bigaragaza Uruhare rwa Leta yUbufaransa muri Jenoside yo mu wa 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. .

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Guhimba ubutumwa ku maradiyo yitumanaho byakorwaga ningabo zu Rwanda bakabwitirira FPR Ibirego byahimbwe nabari ku isonga rya jenoside baburanishijwe kandi banakatiwe nUrukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwagenewe u Rwanda ruri Arusha, bigasubirwamo nUmucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguire nabandi, bivuga ko kimwe mu bimenyetso simusiga cyerekana uruhare rwa FPR mu kurasa indege ya perezida wa Repubulika yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50 ari kopi yubutumwa bwaba bwarafashwe na serivisi zishinzwe kumviriza ku wa 7 Mata 1994 saa mbiri niminota mirongo ine nitanu ku GISENYI. Ubutumwa bivugwako ngo bwavaga mus Buyobozi Bukuru bwa FPR ku Mulindi bwatangazaga ko ngo misiyo yitsinda rwabasirikare ryahawe ubushobozi yasohojwe 266. Umucamanza Bruguire agira ati: Ukuri kubwo butumwa kwahamijwe na Liyetena Koloneli Grgoire de SAINT QUENTIN, bwashimangiwe nubuhamya bwatangiwe Arusha nabahoze ari abasiirikare bakuru mu Ngabo zu Rwanda , aribo Majoro Aloys NTABAKUZE, Koloneli Thoneste BAGOSORA, Jenerali Gratien KABILIGI, Koloneli Anatole NSENGIYUMVA uwahoze ari Komanda wAkarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi, anashinzwe sitasiyo yo kumviriza mu majyaruguru yu Rwanda, akaba ngo ari nawe wafashe ubutumwa bwa mbere bwa APR ku wa 6 Mata mu gitondo, buvuga ko ingabo za APR zaba zari zatangiye kuva mu birindiro byazo mu ijoro ryo ku wa 5 rishyira ku wa 6 Mata nubutumwa bwa kabiri bwo ku wa 7 Mata saa mbiri na mirongo ine nitanu burebana nihanurwa ryindege; Ibyo binemezwa na Majoro Epiphane HANYURWIMANA na Liyetona-Koloneli Alphonse NZUNGIZE. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ibyo birego, Umucamanza Bruguire yongeraho ko Mugenzi Richard, wari ushinzwe iitumanaho rya gisirikare rya radio mu ngabo zigihugu, wari warahawe akazi muri urwo rwego, kubera ubuhanga bwihariye yari afite muri iryo shami rijyanye nitumanaho rikoresheje radiyo, kandi kubera ubumenyi bwe mu byindimi akaba yaravugaga igifaransa nicyongereza, nizindi ndimi gakondo zivugwa mu karere nkikinyarwanda, igiswahili nigika (sic), mu gihe yatangaga ubuhamya ku wa 5 Kamena 2001, asobanura ko yakoporoye ubwo butumwa ku wa 7 Mata, ubutumwa bwari mu rurimi rwigiswahili, yemezako butari bwanditse mu ibanga. Avuga ko ari we ku giti cye Atari we wafashe ubwo butumwa bwatangazaga ko misiyo yageze ku ntego yayo267. Komite yumvise ubuhamya bwa Mugenzi Richard268, watangiye mbere na mbere asobanura uburyo yahawe akazi muri ngabo zu Rwanda ku Gisenyi: Kubera intambara mu Rwanda yatangiye ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, naketswe kuba icyitso cya FPR kubera ko nari narigiye muri Zaire. Nafashwe ku wa 3 Ukwakira 1990 ntwarwa kuri Sitade ya Gisenyi ndi kumwe nabantu benshi babarirwa mu magana. Ku wa 4 Ukwakira 1990, nimuriwe muri Gereza ya Gisenyi aho nafungiwe kugera ku wa 10 Ukwakira kuwo mwaka. Mbifashijwemo na Komanda wa Gisirikare ku Gisenyi wicyo gihe, Koloneli Bahufite Juvnal na Komanda wa Jandarumori ku Gisenyi, Majoro
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Inyandiko yakozwe nUmucamanza Bruguire, Urup.52 Ibidem 268 Ubuhamya bwa Mugenzi Richard, Kigali, ku wa 29 Ukuboza 2008

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Bizimana Andr, naje gufungurwa. BAHUFITE na BIZIMANA bombi twakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Byumba kandi bari banzi. Nyuma naje kumenya ko abo basirikare babiri bamfunguje kubera ko nari mfite umumenyi mu itumanaho kandi ngo bakaba barafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho ikigo cyo kumviriza amaradiyo yitumanaho mu rwego rwigihugu. Bashakaga kungira umuyobozi wiryo shami ryo kumviriza amaradiyo yitumanaho rya gisirikare, ryafunguwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Nkimara kwemera iyo misiyo, natangiye gukoresha radiyo yakira kandi ikohereza amajwi ya MININTER (Minisiteri yari ifite umutekano mu nshingano zayo) yari mu kigo cyibiro bya Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Nahakoze kugera ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 1990. Kuva kuri iyo tariki, ni bwo mu byukuri natangiye gushinga ibyuma byishami rishinzwe kumviriza amaradiyo. Ibyuma bimwe byari mu kigo cya Gisirikare cya Butotori, hafi ya BRALIRWA ku Gisenyi, ikindi ngishyira mu nzu Perezida wa Repubulika yacumbikagamo ku Gisenyi, yari hafi yumupaka aho bita La corniche. Nakoze ako kazi kugera hagati mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994, igihe ingabo u Rwanda zatsindwaga, noneho mpungira muri Zaire, aho nagumye kugera mu mwaka wa 1996, igihe inkambi zimpunzi zasenywaga. Nyuma Mugenzi Richard yatanze izindi ngingo, mu rwego rwo kurushaho gusobanura imirimo yari ashinzwe kuri icyo kigo cyitumanaho rya gisirikare, uburyo yumvirizaga nabo yohererezaga ubwo butumwa: Nashinze radiyo nyakiramajwi yubwoko wa YAESU, yakorewe mu Buyapani mu kigo cya Butotori. Naho inyakiramajwi yo mu bwoko bwa THOMSON yari mu nzu yicumbi rya Perezida wa Repubulika, yari isanzwemo. Nyuma yigeragezwa rya tekiniki, natangiye akazi kanjye nashinzwe na Komanda wAkarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi, nkaba nari nshinzwe kumviriza ubutumwa bunyuze kuri radiyo bwumwanzi nubundi butumwa bwose bushobora kuduha amakuru kuri FPR nabari bayishyigikiye, cyane cyane Uganda. Bahufite yari yarampaye imirongo yitumanaho nagombaga kumviriza. Noneho, nanjye ubwanjye nkakora ubushakashatsi bwite ku mirongo yitumanaho yakoreshwaga hanze yigihugu yavugirwagaho nabo Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwIngabo bwashakaga kumenya ibyo bavuga. Nyuma, noherezaga ubwo butumwa maze kumviriza kuri iyo mirongo yitumanaho, nkabyohereza Komanda wakarere ka Gisirikare yajyaga anzanira indi mirongo yitumanaho yavugaga ko yatanzwe nimfungwa zintambara za FPR. Byongeye kandi, hari nindi mirongo yitumanaho yavaga mu Buyobozi Bukuru bwa GIsirikare, muri servisi ziperereza rya gisirikare ryitwaga G2. Kuva mu Gushyingo 1990, natangiye guha za raporo Komanda wakarere ka Gisirikare, Majoro Bahufite. Iyo Komanda wAkarere ka Gisrikare yabaga adahari, nyuma yo kuhagera kwa liyetona Bizumuremyi mu mwaka wa 1992, niwe nagombaga guha za raporo zanjye. Komanda wAkarere ka Gisirikare yari yarafashe icyemezo ko mu gihe Liyetona Bizumuremyi atabonetse, nagombaga igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kujya mu kigo cya Gisirikare, mperekejwe nabasirikare, kugira ngo ntange ubutumwa kuri telefoni mu Buyobozi Bukuru bwa Gisirikare, i Kigali, nkabushyikiriza byumwihariko Umunyamabanga wUmugaba Mukuru wIngabo zu Rwanda nUmunyamabanga wUmuyobozi ushinzwe Iperereza rya Gisirikare, G2. 88

Kuri ubwo buryo bwihutirwa kandi no mu gihe abo basirikare bombi bavugwa haruguru badahari, nagombaga guhita nshyikiriza ubutumwa Koloneli Bagosora ubwe, mu kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe, naho mu gihe atabonetse, nkabuha Majoro Ntabakuze Aloys, Komanda wa Batayo yAbaparakomando. Mu gihe Ntabakuze adahari, nagombaga gushaka Koloneli Nkundiye, Komanda wIkigo cyingabo zishinzwe kurinda Perezida wa Repubulika, nyuma waje gusimburwa nundi musirikare Mukuru, Mpiranya. Mbere yibyabaye ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ndumva naroherereje Koloneli Bagosora, ubutumwa bwihutirwa, igihe yari umuyobozi wikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Ntabwo nibuka neza itariki cyangwa ibyari bikubiye muri ubwo butumwa. Usibye abasirikare bakuru bavuzwe haruguru nagombaga gushyikiriza ubutumwa, Bagosora yashishikazwaga no kumenya ibyo nakoraga, ku buryo yantelefonaga rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo ambaze uko imirimo yanjye imeze. Ndibuka na none noherereje Majoro Ntabakuze ubutumwa inshuro ebyiri zikurikiranye, mu gihe komanda w Akarere ka Gisirikare yari adahari. Icyo gihe yari mu kiruhuko mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Butotori, Uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, ubutegetsi bwarushagaho gukurikirana ibyo nakoraga. Natangiye no koherereza raporo zanjye Perezidansi ya Repubulika. Ni muri icyo gihe Koloneli Bahufite yampaye ilisite yabantu nashoboraga kuganira nabo, abantu ntagombaga kwishisha. Yari yaransobanuriye ko kuvugana nabandi bantu byashoboraga kugira ingaruka mbi ku mutekano wikigo cyitumanaho nayoboraga no ku mutekano wamakuru yacu, ku buryo nari mbujijwe kuvugana numuntu uwo ari we wese, uretse abo bari kuri lisiti yari yarampaye. Lisiti yabantu ntagombaga kwishisha nayihawe mu nyandiko kandi yagendaga rimwe na rimwe ihindurwa nabanyoboraga, bitewe nuko ibintu byabaga byifashe. Iyo lisiti yariho Koloneli Sagatwa Elie, Umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida wa Repubulika, Majoro Bagaragaza, Umuyobozi WA Porotokole na Ambasaderi Ubalijoro, Umujyanama muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika. . Igihe Perezida Habyarimana yari umukuru wIgihugu, akaba na Minisitiri wIngabo, igihe yajyaga asura ku Gisenyi, hari ubwo yantumagaho kugira ngo ambaze uko ikigo kimeze. Nanavuganaga nUmunyamabanga Wihariye (wa Perezida wa Repubulika). Nyuma yaho Habyarimana aviriye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri wIngabo, naburiwe na Liyetona Bizumuremyi ko ntagombaga kuvugana na Minisitiri mushya wingabo, Bwana Gasana James, ko abantu ngomba gukorana nabo bonyine ari umunyamabanga we Wihariye, wari ofisiye muto, utari Koloneli Sagatwa, Umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida Habyarimana. Sinubuka izina ryuwo musirikare. Bizumuremyi ntiyigeze agira icyo abisobanuraho, ariko nkeka ko ari uko Gasana yari mu ishyaka ritavuga rumwe nubutegetsi. Nyuma yaho Gasana James ahungiye muri 1993, nahawe uburenganzira na Bizumuremyi bwo kuvugana na Minisitiri Mushya Bizimana Augustin, wakomokaga mu ishyaka rya MRND nUmunyamabanga we wihariye wari waragumye mu mwanya we nyuma yihunga rya Gasana. Igihe Komite yumvaga ubuhamya bwe, Mugenzi Richard yasobanuye ko habayeho impinduka muri 1992, ko ngo mbere na mbere Abafaransa bamuhaye amahugurwa, nyuma aza guhabwa 89

andi mabwiriza mashya, nyuma yaho Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva agereye ku Gisenyi, aje gusimbura Majoro Bahufite wari wimuriwe i Byumba : Igihe kimwe ahagana mu mwaka wa 1992, Abasirikare batandatu bAbafaransa baje mu butumwa kuri iki kigo cyitumanaho rya Gisirikare, noneho Komanda wAkarere ka Gisirikare, ambwira ko baje kunyigisha. Twamaze iminsi mike dukorana. Byanyigishije ibintu bimwe na bimwe ntari nzi, cyane cyane uburyo bwubutasi kuri radiyo yitumanaho bugizwe no kwerekana imirongo yitumanaho no kugenda uyihindagura. Nyuma yamahugurwa, baragiye, sinongera kubabona. Aho Bahufite yimuriwe mu karere ka Gisirikare ka Byumba, Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva ni we wamusimbuye nka Komanda wAkarere ka Gisirikare ka Gisenyi. Nsengiyumva amaze kuhagera, yampaye indi mirongo yitumanaho mishya nafatiragaho ubutumwa, nkabwandika, nkabumuha. Niwe wabwikwirakwirizaga (amplification) mu ngabo, Sinari ngifite inshingano zo kubwohereza i Kigali mu bo Bahufite yari yarambwiye kubuha. Mugenzi Richard yanerekanye ikindi kintu cyakorwaga buri gihe kibangikanijwe nuburyo bwo kumviriza ubutumwa kuri radiyo. Icyo gikorwa kindi cyari kigizwe no guhimba ibinyoma bakabikwirakwiza mu mitwe yingabo zu Rwanda, bigamije kurushaho kuzangisha FPR. Yasobanuye ko icyo gikorwa cyatangiye mu mpera za 1993. Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva yamuzaniraga ubutumwa bwanditse akamutegeka kubukoporora nkaho ari ubutumwa yumvise kuri radiyo ku mirongo yitumanaho ya FPR. Iki gikorwa cyo guhimba ubutumwa cyakajije umurego mu mezi ya mbere ya 1994 kugera ku ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida na nyuma yaho. Anatole Nsengiyumva amaze kugera ku Gisenyi, yashyizeho ubundi buryo bwo guhimba ubutumwa kubera impamvu ntigeze nsobanukirwa neza. Rimwe na rimwe yanzaniraga inyandiko zanditswe nawe ubwe, akansaba kuzikoporora ku mafishi yagenewe telegaramu. Narazikopororaga nkazimuha, kugira ngo azikwirakwize. Ibyo byakorwaga kenshi cyane igihe urugamba rwabaga rukaze. Icyo gihe, Nsengiyumva yandikaga ubutumwa, akabunzanira kugira ngo mbukoporore, noneho nawe akabukwirakwiza ku mirongo yitumanaho rya gisirikare, ahari kugira ngo ashishikaze kandi azamure morale mu ngabo. Mugenzi Richard nyuma yaje kongeraho ko ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 bwa saa mbiri na mirongo ine nitanu buvugwa mu nyandiko yakozwe nUmucamanza Bruguire yahimbwe na Liyetona-Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva. Uruhare rwa Mugenzi Richard rwari gusa gukoporora izo nyandiko, nyuma yaho akazisubiza Anatole Nsengiyumva. Nyuma yiyo nyandiko Anatole Nsengiyumva yamuhaye izindi, mu kwezi kwa Mata kose, azikoporora nkuko bisanzwe. Ubu buryo bw ubutumwa maze kubasobanurira bwari bugizwe no guhimba ubutumwa nikinamico bitewe nimpamvu zinyuranye. Ni uko ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 mu gitondo bwari bumeze. Nabuhawe mu ntoki na Koloneli Nsengiyumva ubwe. Yari yabwiyandikiwe we ubwe, noneho ansaba kubukoporora ijambo ku rindi, nyuma ndabumusubiza kugira ngo abukwirakwize. Muri icyo gihe, guhera ku wa 7 Mata kugera mu mpera zukwezi kwa Mata, Koloneli Nsengiyumva yakomeje kunzanira inyandiko zo

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gukoporora ku mpapuro zandikwaho telegaramu. Nyuma yazaga gufata izo telegaramu kugira ngo azikwirakwize, anazitangaze ku mirongo y itumanaho rya gisirikare. Mbere yo ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ku wa 5 Mata 1994, Liyetona Koloneli Nsengiyumva yazaniye Mugenzi Richard ubundi butumwa, nkuko bisanzwe, amusaba kubukoporora nkaho bwari ubutumwa yafashe mu byuma byitumanaho. Ubwo butumwa bwavugaga ko hari ikintu kizabaho bukeye. Ku munsi wa 6 Mata 1994, Anatole Nsengiyumva yazanye ubundi butumwa nteguza abuha Mugenzi Richard, nawe arabukoporora nkuko byari bisanzwe: Ndibuka ubwo butumwa bwo ku wa 5 Mata nuko bwaje. Bwazanywe nkubundi twahimbaga. Ntabwo ari ubutumwa bwafatiwe kuri radiyo yitumanaho. Ahubwo bwari ubutumwa bwanditswe natwe ubwacu, noneho mbwandukura ku rupapuro rwa telegaramu mbusubiza Nsengiyumva kugira ngo abukwirakwize. Kuri uwo munsi wo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, mbere ya saa sita, habayeho izindi telegaramu ntakibuka neza ibyari bikubiyemo, zoherejwe muri ubwo buryo. Ibindi bisobanuro byatanzwe na Mugenzi Richard birebana nuburyo yabajijwe nUmucamanza Bruguiere Arusha ku buryo bufifitse, bityo ntiyashobora gusobanura uburyo yandikaga ubwo butumwa bwakorwaga: Ntanga ubuhamya imbere yUmucamanza Bruguiere, ntabwo nemerewe gutanga ibisobanuro ku buryo ubutumwa bwo ku wa 6 na 7 Mata 1994 yambazagaho bwanditswe. Birababaje ko batampaye umwanya wo kubisobanura. Ndemeza ko Umucamanza nabo bakoranaga bashakaga gusa kumenya niba inyandiko bari bafite zari mu mukono wanjye. Ntibigeze bashaka kumenya ibyari bikubiyemo, nuburyo zanditswe cyangwa zateguwe. Bashakaga gusa kumenya niba umukono wari uwanjye, niba inyandiko yaranditswe nanjye. Ni ibyo byonyine bishakiraga kumenya. Naho ibindi, bari bazi icyo bashaka. Mugenzi Richard yatanze kimwe mu bimenyetso ndakuka cyerekana ko mu byukuri atari we wanditse ubutumwa buvugwa mu nyandiko yUmucamanza Bruguire, yerekana ko inyandiko yiyandikiye ubwe buri gihe zagaragaramo amakosa, bitandukanye nubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata saa mbiri niminota mirongo ine nitanu, kuko yitonze akabukoporora neza nkuko Anatole Nsengiyumva yari yabwanditse: Mu butumwa niyandikiye ubwanjye, habaga harimo amakosa, cyane cyane kubera kwandika nihuta kubera ko nagombaga kuburangiza hakiri kare kugira ngo nkoporore ubutumwa bukurikiyeho. Buri gihe hagaragaramo amakosa yimyandikire cyangwa yikibonezamvugo. Ariko kubirebana ninyandiko nahabwaga, nabonaga igihe gihagije cyo kuzandukura nitonze, nta makosa. Ni nako nandukuye ubutumwa bwo ku wa 7 Mata saa mbiri na mirongo ine nitanu nazaniwe na Anatole Nsengiyumva nakoporoye gusa, Ntabwo nashoboraga gukora ikosa kuko ari inyandiko nakoporoye. Ibi bitandukanye nizindi za telegaramu. Iki gisobanuro kirashimangirwa na Koloneli Andr Bizimana, wari Komanda wa Jandarumori ku Gisenyi kuva mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1989 kugera muri Gashyantare 1994. Aragira ati: 91

Mugenzi Richard ndamuzi. Dukomoka hamwe mu cyahoze ari Komini ya Mukarange i Byumba. Namuhaye akazi kitumanaho rya gisirikare mu ngabo zu Rwanda, ku Gisenyi. Akazi yagakoze kugera muri Nyakanga 1994. Yakoranye byumwihariko na Majoro Bahufite, nawe ukomoka i Byumba wari Komanda wIngabo zu Rwanda ku Gisenyi, na Majoro Kabera Christophe, wari ushinzwe iperereza rya gisirikare ku Gisenyi. Nyuma yuko Bahufite yimurirwa i Byumba mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1993, Mugenzi yakomeje gukora akazi ke, akorana na Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva numwofisiye we wari ushinzwe iperereza, witwa Liyetona Bizumuremyi. Ubutumwa yumvirizaga yabuhaga Bahufite na Nsengiyumva cyangwa ababungirije, aribo Kabera na Bizumuremyi, nabo bakabwohereza mu Buyobozi Bukuru bwIngabo. Nzi umukono nigifaransa bya Mugenzi Richard, nkaba mpamya ko inyandiko ze mu gifaransa buri gihe zabaga zuzuye amakosa269. Ubu buhamya bwingenzi bugaragaza ko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zaratangiye kuva mu mpera za 1993 gutegura poropaganda izaherekeza ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida. Kuba icyo gihe cyaratoranijwe si ibigwirira. Byahuriranye no kugera i Kigali kwingabo za FPR. Ibi bisobanuro birerekana ku buryo bugaragara ko kuva mu ntangiriro za 1994, byumwihariko mu cyumweru cya mbere cya Mata 1994, abasirikare bakuru bintagondwa bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda, barimo Bagosora na Nsengiyumva, bahimbye ubutumwa babeshya ko babufatiye ku murongo witumanaho rya FPR, ariko icyo bari bagendereye mu byukuri, ari uguhisha umugambi wabo wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana nabo bari hamwe mu rugendo. Imbonerahamwe yibibazo byingenzi birebana nihanurwa ryindege ya Falcon 50 Gushakisha kumenya uwagize uruhare mu guhanura indege ya Perezida bisaba ko mbere na mbere hasubizwa ibibazo bikurikira birebana nicyerekezo indege yaturutsemo yitegura kugwa, aho yarasiwe na za misile, ubwoko bwintwaro yakoreshejwe naho za misile zarasiwe. Icyerekezo Indege ya Falcon 50 yaturutsemo yitegura kugwa Igihe yatangaga ubuhamya, imbere yumucamanza wUmufaransa Jean-Louis Bruguire, ku wa 18 Gicurasi 2000, mu rwego rwa Komisiyo mpuzamahanga yiperereza , mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyireweho u Rwanda, Arusha, Koloneli Bagosora yatangaje ko bohereje Koloneli Ephrem Rwabalinda i Paris, kugira ngo asabe Ubufaransa inkunga kandi ko icyo gihe yashyikirije ubuyobozi bwUbufaransa amafoto ya misile aherekejwe na za kasete zafatiweho amajwi yafashwe ku Kibuga cyindege mu gihe cyihanurwa ryindege . Mu nyandiko yUmucamanza Bruguiere, bivugwa ko isesengura mu buryo bwa gihanga rya kasete zafatiweho amajwi yindege yakiriwe nUmunara uyobora indege wo ku kibuga cyindege cya Kigali ku wa 6 Mata 994, ryakozwe mu rwego rwo gutegura inyandiko yibirego. Za kasete zafatiweho amajwi zerekana cyane cyane ko ahagana mu saa mbiri namasegonda abiri,
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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite, Kigali, ku wa 8 Mutarama 2008

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Indege ya Falcon 50-9XR-NN yatangaje ko yifuza kugwa nicyerekezocyiinzira iri bunyuremo, noneho abakozi bo mu munara uyobora indege basubiza, basobanurira abayitwaye uburyo iri bugwe, nyuma yaho Komanda wayo avugiye ko yifuzaga kwinjirira ku cyerekezo cyumuhanda wa 28 (inzira ya 28) . Birumvikana rero ko mu gushaka kugwa kwayo, indege Falcon yakurikiranye inzira ya 28, ni ukuvuga icyerekezo cyUburasirazuba kigana iburengerezuba unyuze hejuru yumusozi wa Rusororo, ugakomereza ku musozi wa Kanombe. Rero, ntabwo indege yanyuze hejuru yumusozi wa Masaka, nkuko byemezwa na bamwe mu batangabuhamya, batigeze banigora ngo bamenye aho indege zituruka iyo zitegura kugwa ku kibuga Mpuzamahanga cya Kanombe. Aho indege Falcon 50 yaguye Mu rwego rwiperereza ryakozwe nUbushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwAbabiligi rirebana niyicwa ryabasirikare bababiligi bari muri MINUAR, ku wa 7 Mata 1994 mu Kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali, agashami kungirije kiperereza mu ngabo zirwanira mu kirere zUbubiligi kakoze iperereza ku ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida Habyarimana ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 1994, katanze umwanzuro ukurikira: 1- Indege yaguye mu rutoki ahagana iburengerazuba. Inguni yakoresheje ijya kugwa igomba kuba yari ntoya cyane (itarenga 20), urebye nubujyakuzimu bwicyobo yacukuye muri icyo gitaka cyoroshye (Igisubizo cya A) aho hanntu hatuwe.Indege igomba kuba yari ihengamiye ibumoso (ibaba ryiburyo nigihimba byari bikiri bose naho ibaba ryibumoso nigihimba cyibumoso bryarangiritse) . 2- Turabona ko ibisigazwa byindege byanyanyagiye hirya no hino muri metero zigera kuri 150m mu rutoki no mu rugo kwa Perezida wa Repubulika. Iyi raporo yiperereza hamwe nubundi buhamya bwatanzwe, byose byerekana ko indege yaguye mu rugo kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, i Kanombe. Ubwoko bwibisasu byakoreshejwe mu guhanura Falcon 50 Nubwo bizwi na bose ko ihanuka ryindege yo mu bwoko bwa Falcon 50, yari itwaye Perezida wu Rwanda nuwu Burundi, nintumwa zari zibaherekeje, yatewe no kuraswa nibisasu byaturutse ku butaka mu gihe yiteguraga kugwa, ubwoko bwibisasu byakoreshejwe nuwabirashe ntibyigeze bimenyekana kugera ubu. Mu gihe ibisasu bitafashwe, kumenya imiterere cyangwa ubwoko bwabyo byakoreshejwe byari kumenyekana binyuze mu isesengura ryibisigazwa byindege cyangwa ibisigazwa byibisasu byatoraguwe nabasirikare bAbafaransa, aho indege yarasiwe, nyuma gato ikimara gusandara. Abantu banditse kuri iryo hanurwa ryindege, hamwe nabatangabuhamya babajijwe na Komite, bagerageje gusobanura ubwoko bwintwaro yakoreshejwe ariko ntibigeze bavuga ku buryo budashidikanywaho imitetere yicyo gisasu. Abenshi mu baturage batuye hafi yagace indege yarasiwemo bemeza ko babonye ibibatsi byumuriro cyangwa ibisasu bibiri cyangwa bitatu binini bigana mu cyerekezo cy indege, mu gihe abatangabuhamya bafite umumenyi bwa tekiniki mu birebana nimbunda bo bemeza ko indege yarashwe na misile ebyiri cyangwa eshatu, 93

ariko na none ntibashoboye gusobanura ubwoko bwazo. Muri abo bahanga, abasirikare ba MINUAR bari ku kibuga cyindege cya Kanombe cyangwa mu tundi duce batanze ubuhamya imbere yubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwUbubiligi, mu rubanza rwa Majoro Ntuyahaga, hamwe nabasirikare bo mu rwego rwubutwererane mu bya gisirikare, bo bemeza ibisasu bibiri. Bavuga ko icya mbere cyahushije intego, noneho icya kabiri kirayihamya, bituma indege isandara. Byumwihariko muri abo batangabuhamya bingenzi twavuga ubuhamya bwa Gerlache Mathieu, Moreau Nicolas, hamwe na Lt-col. Dr Pasuch Massimo, Umuganga mu rwego rwubutwererane tekiniki mu bya gisirikare, wakoreraga i Kanome. Bamwe mu banditsi no mu bashakashatsi ndetse banavuze ko indege yaba yararashwe na za rokete. Uwa mbere muri abo bashakashatsi wabivuze ni umunyamakuru Jean-Franois Dupaquier, wageze kuri uyu mwanzuro nyuma yiperereza ryakozwe muri 1994, cyane mu basirikare bakuru ba MINUAR. Abasirikare bakuru twganiriye kandi banasesenguye ibisigazwa byindege bemeza ko indege ya Falcon 50 ya Perezida wu Rwanda rwose yarashwe nuruhuri rwamasasu yabasirikare bAbahutu bari bihishe ku murongo ureba mu cyerekezo cyikibuga cyindege bitwaje imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa RPG 7 ; ubwo bwoko bwimbunda zigendanwa zirasa imodoka zikoreshwa ahantu hatari imihanda, ziganywe hashingiwe kuri Panzerfaust zingabo zabanazi, zakwirakwijwe ningabo mu cyahoze ari Repubulika Yunze ubumwe yuburusiya, mu basirikare bo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira yamajyambere. Uwo munyamakuru akomeza avugako mu byukuri iki gisobanuro kidafite ireme nki cy impuguke mu bya misile, zivugako abarashe indege baba ari abacanshuro babazungu baguzwe na rumwe mu mpande zombi, ngo barase umunyagitugu wari wanzwe urunuka. Nyamara iki gisobanuro kirumvikana, ushingiye ku ngingo zoroshye mu bumenyi bwibisasu, nkicyerekezo cyindege, yaguye muri metero 1850 mu ntangiriro ryigihogere cyikibuga cyindege iruhande gato yumuhanda windege zigwaho, nyuma yaho indege ihamwe nigisasu muri metero zubutumburuke270 . Jean-Franois Dupaquier yakurikiwe nyuma yimyaka mike, numushakashatsi wUmufaransa witwa Jean-Paul Goteux, wanzuye ko indege yarashwe na za rokete : Ku wa 6 Mata 1994, Habyarimana yari atashye avuye Arusha aho yari amaze kongera kwemera gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano yAmahoro (ya Arusha). Mu gihe indege yiteguraga kugwa, saa mbiri niminota mirongo itatu za nimugoroba, indege ye, Falcon 50 impano ya Franois Mitterrand, yarashwe na rokete, igwa mu busitani bwiwe, iruhande rwikibuga cyindege271. Ku rundi ruhande, hashingiwe ku buhamya bwabakobwa babiri ba Dr Akingeneye, Umuganga wihariye wa Perezida Habyarimana, nawe waguye muri iyo ndege apfanye na Habyarimana, bemeza ko bumvise abasirikare bAbafaransa bavuga, ku wa 7 Mata 1994, igihe bari mu rugo kwa Perezida wa Repubulika, indege yarashwe nimbunda yo mu bwoko bwa Stinger : Ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ahagana mu musaa moya za mu gitondo,abajepe baje kudushaka kugira ngo tujye kwerekana umurambo wa data. () Badutwaye mu rugo rwa Perezida wa Repubulika i Kanombe. Bishoboka ko hari hagati ya saa mbiri na saa mbiri nigice, ubwo twageragayo. ()
J.-F. Dupaquier, Revlatiion sur un accident qui a cot la vie un million de personnes, lEvnememnt du jeudi, 1-7 Ukuboza 1994. 271 Jean-Paul Goteux, la Nuit Rwandaise, cit. Urup.29
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Mu ruganiriro, hari imirambo irindwi, harimo nuwa data. Ku ibaraza, hari imirambo yabari batwaye indege babafaransa nabaminisitiri bu Burundi. Hari Abafaransa bane bari bahagaze imbere yinzu. Umuyobozi wabo bafaransa yadusobanuriye ko indege yari yarashwe na stinger272. Komite yagerageje, ku buryo budasubirwaho, gushaka igisubizo ku kibazo cyo kumenya ubwoko bwintwaro yakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege ya Perezida Habyarimana, Falcon 50. Mbere na mbere, kuva ku wa 9 kugera ku wa 13 Nzeli 2008, Komite yohereje intumwa ku cyicaro cyAkarere cyUmuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibyIndege za gisivili (ICAO/OACI), i Narobi, mu rwego rwo kubona impuguke zashobora gusesengura ibisigazwa byindege bikiriho, no gusuzuma ibirebana n intwaro yaba yarakoreshejwe. Ubuyobozi bwAkarere bwUmuryango Mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ibyindege za gisivile bashubije ko Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana yari indege ya Leta yu Rwanda, ko itari ingede ya gisivile. Ntabwo rero iri mu ndege ziri mu bubasha bwuwo muryango. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Minisiteri yIngabo yUbufaransa yoherereje Misiyo yiperereza ryInteko Ishinga Amategeko (MIP) ifishi iriho amakuru yerekana neza aho Abasirikare bAbafaransa batoraguye aho indege yaguye, ibisigazwa byibisasu byakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege kandi ko isesengurwa ryabyo ryerekanye ko hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwibisasu bya SA 16 byakorewe mu Burusiya273. Ku rundi ruhande, Komite yashatse impuguke zigenga, noneho ihitamo gushinga ubu bushakashatsi impuguke mu bya tekiniki bo mu ishuri rikuru rya Gisirikatre rya Londres, mu Bwongereza, bitewe nubuhanga nubumenyi byabo mu bya tekiniki muri urwo rwego. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwabo byometse kuri iyi raporo. Aho ibisasu byahamirije Indege Falcon 50 Iki kibazo gisa naho kitigeze kitabwaho nabanditsi nabashakashatsi banditse ku ihanurwa ryiriya ndege. Mu bushakashatsi bwe bwiswe: Rwanda: Les trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire, Filip Reyntjens yatanze igishushanyo cyahantu iindege yarasiwe, aho yerekana ko aho igisasu cyahamirije indege ari hejuru yingoro ya Perezida wa Repubulika, i Kanombe. Aha umuntu yatekerezako mu byukuri, mu gihe indege yahamwe nigisasu cya misile ubwo yagenderaga ku butumburuke bwo hasi, kuri metero nkeya uvuye ku muhanda indege zigwaho, na none kubera ko indege yaguye mu busitani bwurugo rwa Perezida wa Repubulika ruri hafi yikibuga cyindege, bivuga ko ahantu indege yahamiwe nigisasu atari kure cyane nurugo rwa Perezida Habyarimana. Benshi mu batangabuhamya, cyane cyane abatuye mu gace ka Rusororo na Masaka, hamwe nabajepe bacungaga umutekano wurugo rwe, hamwe nabasirikare bo mu Kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe bacuga ko babonye kandi bahagaze kuri icyo gikorwa bemeza ko igisasu cyahamye indege mu gihe indege yari hejuru ya Nyarugunga ku musozi wa kanombe, ahari urugo rwa Perezida274.
Uwanyiligira Jeanne na Uwimbabazi Mariya Kelere, ubuhamya bwakiriwe nUbushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare bwUbubiligi, i Buruseli, mu rubanza N 02 02545 N94 C8, Buruseli, ku wa 22 Kamena 1994. 273 MIP, Umutumba II, Umugereka, Urup. 278 274 Muganga Yohani Bosiko, ubuhamya bwatanzwe imbere ya Komite, i Kigali, ku wa 25 Werurwe 2008; Uzamukunda Anyesi, Rwajekare Awugusitini, na Nkurunziza Faranswa Saveri, Kigali, ku wa 26 Werurwe 2008;
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UMWANZURO KU GICE CYA MBERE KU BIREBANA NIMPAMVU NUBURYO INDEGE YAHANUWEMO

Intambara yatangijwe na FPR, ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, yabaye urwitwazo rwo kubyutsa ingeso, yari imaze kuba akarande mu bayobozi bu Rwanda kuva mu bihe byubwigenge, yo kwica Abatutsi, bafatwaga muri rusange nkaho bose bari bafite umugambi umwe wa politiki. Ibi byabaye mu bihe byubwigenge buri gihe habagaho amakimbirane ya politiki, noneho agahindurwamo intambara yamoko hagati yAbahutu nAbatutsi275. Ibi na none byagaragaye nyuma yubwigenge ; buri gihe iyo Inyenzi zateraga ziturutse mu bihugu bihana imbibi nu Rwanda. Mu byukuri, politiki ya jenoside yibasiye Abatutsi, yatangiye ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere yakozwe mu byiciro byingenzi bya 1959, 1963, 1966 na 1973, yarakomeje no ku butegetsi bwa Repubulika ya Kabiri, yaranzwe nubwicanyi bwibasiye Abahima nAbatutsi mu Mutara mu mwaka wa 1990, ubwicanyi bwa Kibilira muri uwo mwaka, ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abagogwe muri Gashyantare 1991, ubwicanyi bwo mu Bugesera muri Werurwe 1992, ubwicanyi bwo ku Kibuye Kanama 1993, nubwicanyi bwa Mbogo muri Werurwe 1993. Ibyo byiciro byose byubwicanyi byarakomeje, bityo bityo, bisozwa na jenoside yo muri 1994. Biragaragara ko rero jenoside yakoreshejwe nkimwe mu ntwaro mbisha yo kwikiza Abatutsi burundu, kuko bafatwaga nkabo bahanganye nAbahutu muri politiki ku buryo buhoraho. Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana, warasiwe mu ndege ye ku mugoroba wo ku wa 06 Mata 1994, riganisha ku mugambi umwe wo gushaka kugumana ubutegetsi. Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana na none rifitanye isano niyicwa, ryo ku wa7 Mata 1994, rya Minisitiri wIntebe, Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Prezida wUrukiko Rurinda Itegekonshinga, Joseph Kavaruganda, Minisitiri wUbubanyi namahanga, Boniface Ngulinzira, wari mu ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi na Repubulika (MDR), Minisitiri w Ubuhinzi, Frdric Nzamurambaho, wari mu Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi nimibereho myiza y abaturage (PSD), Minisitiri wUmurimo nImibereho myiza yAbaturage, Landoald Ndasingwa, wari mu Ishyaka riharanira Ukwishyira Ukizana kwa buri Muntu (PL), nabandi bayobozi batavugaga rumwe nubutegetsi, bivugwa ko baharaniraga demokarasi. Birumvikana rero ko, mu izina ryo kugundira ubutegetsi, umugambi
Mukangamije Tasiyana, Kigali, ku wa 25 Werurwe 2008; Rafiki Mariya Shantali watanze ubuhamya, i Kigali, ku wa 9 Kamena 2008; Iyamuremye Disimasi na Hakizimana Papiyasi, watanze ubuhamya, I Kigali, ku wa 6 Kamena 2008; Nzeyimana Lewopolidi i Karongi,, ku wa 9 Nzeli 2008. 275 Grgoire Kayibanda yanditse mu Kinyamakuru JYAMBERE inomero yinyongera N3 yo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 1959 ko, niba Abatutsi bakomeje guturana nAbahutu, bazatsembwa. Nyuma yigitero cyinyenzi I Bugesera, ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1963, Perezida Kayibanda yahanuye, muri disikuru ye nyuma yicyo gitero, ko niba inyenzi zishoboye gufata i Kigali, nubwo bitazorohera, bizaba imperuka kandi yihuse yubwoko bwAbatutsi. Nkumuti, Kayibanda yagiriye inama Loni guca u Rwanda mo kabiri, igice cyAbatutsi nicyAbahutu, mu rwego rwa Leta ihuriweho, mu ishyirahamwe , Abatutsi bagatuzwa mu Bugesera, mu Rukaryi, mu Buganza, Territwari ya Kibungo no mu Mutara, bitabujije ko ababishaka bakomeza gutura mu gace kubundi bwoko. Ikigega cyUmwami kigahabwa inshingano zo kwishyura ibintu byabantu bimuwe mu byabo no kubaka amazu hamwe no gutanga inkunga ku bantu bazayikenera. (Ikinyamakuru Jyambere N5 ya Mutarama 1960 , (Ikinyamakuru Dialogue N183-Ukuboza 2007

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wo kurimbura Abatutsi wakomejwe nbayobozi bintangondwa bo mu butegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana, amaherezo waje gufatwa ubwe nkuwabagambaniye. Mu yandi magambo, iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana ntabwo ariyo mbarutso ya jenoside kuko we ubwe yari mubateguye umugambi wa jenoside, ari ku buyobozi bukuru bwigihugu kandi nkumuyobozi mukuru wa MRND, ishyakaLeta ritigeze ryitandukanya ningengabitekerezo ya jenoside yo kuri Repubulika ya Mbere. Nta nubwo urupfu rwe ari yo mpamvu ya jenoside kuko jenoside yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu byiciro binyuranye guhera mu mwaka wa 1959, ku buryo icyiciro cya nyuma cyo muri 1994 kitasabaga ko Perezida Habyarimana abanza gupfa kugira ngo gishyirwe mu bikorwa kuko nigihe yari akiri muzima, mbere yo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, uwo mugambi wateganijwe ku matariki anyuranye. Kubera izo mpamvu, urupfu rwe ahubwo rugaragara nkuburyo bwo gufata ubutegetsi, hiyongereyeho nmwanya mwiza ubonetse wo kurangiza umugambi wa jenoside, bitwaje ko Abatutsi ari bo bamwishe. Mu byukuri, hashingiwe ku buhamya bwinshi bwatanzwe nabasirikare bo mu Kigo cya Kanombe, nyuma gato indege ikimara guhanuka mu busitani bwurugo rwa Perezida rwari muri metero 300 gusa, uvuye kuri icyo kigo, Komanda wa Batayo ya parakomando, Umutwe wabasirikare wari ukomeye kurusha iyindi muri icyo kigo, Majoro Aloys Ntabakuze, yasabye ko havuzwa urumbeti, noneho ahuriza hamwe abasirikare kugira ngo abahe amabwiriza. Yababwiyeko Abatutsi bo muri FPR bamaze kwica Perezida wabo, ko rero bagomba kumuhorera kandi ko abasirikare basnazwe bazi icyo bagombaga gukora. Byumwihariko, Majoro Ntabakuze yahise atoranya bamwe basirikare bo mu gashami kabakomando bashinzwe Ubushakashatsi nibikorwa byimbitse (CRAP), kugira ngo abohereze kwa Perezida wa Repubulika. Ntabakuze yababwiye ko nibumva urusaku rwimbunda, batagombaga kwikanga kuko bazaba ari bagenzi babo batangiye igikorwa cyabo. Nyuma yiminota mike, Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa ku buryo bugaragara nkaho bwateguwe mu gace bita Mu Kajagari kegereye ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe kandi burakomeza ijoro ryose ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, noneho ku minsi yakurikiyeho buza gukwira hose mu mujyi wa Kigali ndetse nahamdi mu gihugu. Ibi bisobanura ko umugambi wo gushyira mu bikorwa jenoside yAbatutsi no kwica Abanyapolitiki bAbahutu batavuagaga rumwe nubutegetsi bwariho, wacuzwe mbere yihanurwa ryindege, nkuko byagaragajwe nubutabera ku rwego rwigihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Perezida wa Repubulika, yari yaraburiwe ku mugaragaro nintagondwa zo mu ngabo ze nizo mu ishyaka rye, MRND, ko naramuka yemeye Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga gusaranganya ubutegetsi na FPR namashyaka atavuga rumwe na MRND, bazamwikiza ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. Kandi ni byo mu byukuri byakozwe. Umugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi bwe rero wari waracuzwe ku buryo ihanurwa ryindege ye bwari bumwe mu buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ihirikwa ryubutegetsi bwe, bagamije nyine gufata ubwo butegetsi ku mbaraga no gukuraho inzego za Leta zemewe namategeko276. Ni muri uwo mugambi hishwe abayobozi bamashyaka ya politiki ataravugaga rumwe nubutegetsi, barimo Minisitiri wIntebe, kugira ngo bizere koko ko ihirikwa ryubutegetsi ryageze ku ntego.

Ku wa 30 Nyakanga 1993, Inteko ishinga Amategeko yu Rwanda (CND) yari yaravuguruye Itegeko Nshinga ryo muri 1991 kandi Amasezerano ya Arusha asumbya agaciro iryo Tegeko Nshinga.

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Uburyo Perezida Habyarimana yapfuyemo, nyuma yihanurwa ryindege ye buzasuzumwa mu nzego ebyiri : urwego rwa politiki nurwa gisirikare. Ku rwego rwa politiki, Perezida Habyarimana yari ahanganye nibibazo bikomeye byigihugu yagombaga kubonera ibisubizo. Inzego zateganywaga namasezerano ya Arusha zagombaga gushyirwaho bidatinze, bitaba ibyo, agafatirwa ibihano nUmuryango wabibumbye (Loni), nibihugu byibihangange byari inshuti zu Rwanda, birimo Ububiligi. Mbere gato yuko ajya Dar-es-Salaam, Perezida Habyalimana yari yafashe icyemezo ko abagize Gugerinoma nAbadepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yinzibacyuho bari kurahira ku wa 10 Mata 1994, hatarimo CDR, nubwo ishyaka rye ryabishakaga, bityo CDR ikaba ihejwe mu Nteko Ishingamategeko yinzibacyuho. Mu Nama yAbakuru bIbihugu yateraniye i Dar-es-Salaam, Perezida Habyarimana yatangaje ko agiye gushyira ku bikorwa vuba vuba icyo cyemezo, nuko inama yibanda ku kibazo cyumutekano muke i Burundi. Abahutu bintagondwa barwanyaga Amasezerano ya Arusha baburiye Minisitiri wIntebe na Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga, bombi bari bashyigikiye Amasezerano ya Arusha, ko batazatuma ashyirwa mu bikorwa, kuko basangaga ayo Amasezerano ya Arusha ari nkubugambanyi bwo kubambura ubutegetsi bari barihariye, Ku rwego rwa gisirikare, Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga kuvanga ingabo zimpande zombi no gushyiraho umutwe umwe wingabo zigihugu. Bamwe mu basirikare bingabo zu Rwanda, barimo abasirikare bakuru nabawofisiye batoya, ntabwo barwanyaga icyo cyemezo, kubera ko bari barambiwe intambara yari imaze imyaka ine kandi imaze guhitana ibihumbi byabantu, abandi bagakomereka bikomeye. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, hari abasirikare bakuru, cyane cyane abakomokaga muri Perefegitura za Gisenyi na Ruhengeri barwanyaga iryo vangwa ryingabo, bituma banga kandi barwanya bimazeyo Amasezerano ya Arusha. Twibutse ko ku rwego rukuru rwubuyobozi bwa gisirikare, FPR na Guverinoma bagombaga gufata 50% byimyanya, buri ruhande, naho ku rwego rwabasirikare batoya Guverinoma igahabwa 60% gusa cyabasirikare, bisobanura ko hagombaga kubaho umubare utari mutoya wabasirikare birukanwa mu basirikare bakuru no mu basirikare batoya mu ngabo zu Rwanda, bikaba rero btarakomezaga kubatera impungenge. Iyicwa rya Perezida wa Repubulika ryarI tigamije guhirika ubutegetsi, Koloneli Bagosora akaba umwe mu bari ku isonga, ashyigikiwe nabasirilare bakuru bimitwe yihariye yingabo zu Rwanda, cyane cyane abajepe, Batayo zabaparakomando niyubutasi bwa Gisirikare. Kandi igihe kobonetse cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya icyiciro cya nyuma ya jenoside. MINUAR yagerageje gushyiraho itsinda ryingenga ryipererza ku ihanurwa ryindege ariko ingabo zu Rwanda zibuza MINUAR kugera ahantu indege yaguye kugera hagati mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994. Muri urwo rwego, u Rwanda nUbubiligi byasabye Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Indege za Gisivili (OACI/ICAO) gukora iperereza ariko ntacyo byatanze, mu gihe Ubufaransa butigeze bwita kuri icyo kibazo cyo gukora iperereza ku cyahanuye iyo ndege. Iri perereza ryakozwe nu Rwanda rifite rero intego yo kuziba icyo cyuho. Igice cya mbere cya raporo kibanze ku buryo ibintu byari byifashe mbere yihanurwa ryindege, naho igice cya kabiri kigamije kwerekana abaragize uruhare mu guhanura iyo ndege. IGICE CYA KABIRI: URUHARE MU IHANURWA RYINDEGE

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Gushaka kumenya abagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ryindege Falcon 50 yaguyemo Perezida Habyarimana nabandi bagenzi, byatangiye iminota mike gusa indege ikimara guhanuka. Bamwe batanze ibisobanuro, ariko birinda kugira uwo batunga agatoki, mu gihe abandi bantu bo bahisemo kugereka icyo cyaha ku bo bashakaga gushinja ko ari bo bahanuye indege. Ibyo birego byabaye mu buryo buhubutse, akenshi bishingiye ku marangamutima, nta gutanga ibimenyetso, kubera ko nta perereza ryakozwe kugira ngo rigaragaza ukuri kuri ririya hanurwa ryindege. Uko iminsi yagiye ihita, bimwe muri ibyo bisobanuro byagiye bita agaciro, ku buryo byagiye byibagirana, mu gihe ibindi byagiye bikomeza kuvugwa bishingiye ku bimenyetso byamarangamutima, byatumye haba ababyakirana ubwuzu cyangwa kumirwa bitewe nibyo babaga bategereje, cyangwa se ibyifuzo nibitekerezo byabo. Ibyinshi muri ibyo birego cyangwa ibisobanuro byatanzwe nabantu batigeze bagera aho indege yahanukiye mu gihe yarasagwa, bakibanda ku nkuru mbarirano, akenshi bavanaga mu batangamakuru cyangwa abanyapolitiki barwanya ubutegetsi buriho ubu, ku buryo ukuri kwamakuru yabo kutakwizerwa, ahubwo kugomba kwakiranwa ubushishozi. Muri abo harimo nabahoze ari abayoboke ba FPR bayitorotsemo, bagenda bigamba ko ari bo bagize uruhare mu guhanura iyo ndege. Kugira ngo ishobore kugera ku nshingano zayo, Komite yihaye intego yo gukora ibishoboka byose, ikurikirana ibirari nibitekerezo binyuranye. Iperereza ryibanze ku gusuzuma inyandiko nibitabo byanditswe kugeza ubu, ibisobanuro ndetse nibirego byashyizwe ahagaragara ariko, cyane cyane yakoze ubushakashatsi bwayo bwite, bwatumye ibona ibimenyetso bishobora gushyigikira umwanzuro yagezeho nkuko bigaragara muri iyi raporo. Ibisobanuro nibivugwa binyuranye ku bahanuye iriya ndege Ibitekerezo bine binyuranye byatanzwe bisobanura uko indege yahanuwe byakurikiranye bitya: Kurega abasirikare bAbabiligi; Kurega Abasirikare bintagondwa bAbahutu bakoranaga nabasirikare bAbafaransa bo mu Ishami rishinzwe ingoboka, Ubutwererane nInyigisho bya gisirikare (DAMI), kurega FPR, hamwe nibitekerezo biganisha ku Burundi na Zaire yicyo gihe, byo nta gihe byamaze. Muri iki gihe, hasigaye impaka ku mpande ebyiri zitunga agatoki FPR, nagatsiko kintagondwa mu butegetsi bwu Rwanda, bita Hutu Power. Iregwa ryAbasirikare bAbabiligi bari muri MINUAR Gushinja ku mugaragaro abasirikare bAbabiligi bari muri MINUAR, baregwa ko ari bo bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ryindege byatangijwe na RTLM, biza gusubirwamo nabayobozi bu Rwanda nabari bahagarariye Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, indege ikimara gusandara.. Abakozi bo mu rwego rwubutwererane bAbabiligi bakoreraga mu Rwanda bavuze ko ku mugoboroba wo ku wa 6 Mata, batelefonnye kuri Ambasade yUbufaransa, noneho ijwi rishyirwa mbere muri telefoni ya Ambasade rivuga ko: Ni Ababiligi barashe indege277. Nyuma yaho, abayoboke, ibyegera ninkoramutima za Habyarimana na za Ambasade zu Rwanda mu mahanga, cyane
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Ubuhamya bwa Pierre Jamagne na Franois Veriter, Komisiyo ya Mucyo ; Reba na none C. Braeckmann, Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocideop. cit., Urup 77

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cyane iyo mu Bubiligi no mu Bufaransa278, basubiyemo icyo kirego, nta kimenyetso na kimwe batanze279. I Buruseli, kuva mu gitondo cyuwa 7 Mata, Komite yo mu Bihe bidasanzwe, igizwe nabambari ba MRND na CDR, bagizwe ahanini nabigaga barihirwa na Leta yu Rwanda, bahagarariwe na Papias Ngaboyamahina280, yashyizweho muri Ambasade yu Rwanda mu Bubiligi, nyuma isohora itangazo muri cyo gitondo ryavugaga ko hashingiwe ku makuru yavaga mu basirikare ba Loni batari Ababiligi, byemejwe ko ibisasu byarashe indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika byaturutse mu karere kagenzurwaga ningabo zAbabiligi zari muri MINUAR281 . Itangazo ryashimangiraga ibirego Ububiligi bwaregwaga bivuga ko bwari bufite uruhare mu ihirikwa ry ubutegetsi bwa Leta yu Rwanda, mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wateguwe nigihugu cyigihangange ku isi. Iri yicwa ryimpurirane ryAbaperezida babiri nindunduro yumugambi muremure ugamije guha FPR ubutegetsi ku ngufu, bakoresheje Abasirikare bAbabiligi bari mu ngabo za Loni282 . Jacques Collet, Umunyamakuru ufotora wUumubiligi, wagiye kuri Ambasade yu Rwanda mu Bubiligi mu gitondo ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ashaka viza yo kuza mu Rwanda, avuga ko yumvise ubwe, uwo munsi kuri iyo Ambasade, ibirego byeruye bivuga ko ari abasirikare bababiligi bahanuye indege: Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, ahagana saa tanu za mu gitondo nari kuri Ambasade yU Rwanda i Buruseli, aho nari nagiye gusaba viza. Icyo gihe, naguye gitumo agatsiko kabantu basohokaga mu Biro bya Ambasade baganira. Umwe muri abo bantu yaravuze ngo: () byahamijwe () Ni abasirikare bababiligi barashe indege, batanu bishwe, naho abandi batanu bazicwa nyuma. Uwo muntu yasobanuraga ko abo basirikare bAbabiligi barezwe na bagenzi babo bakomoka muri Bangladesh. Basaga nabo imitwe yashyushye. Nahise rero mbaza ikibazo cyerekeranye ninyungu Ababiligi bari bafite mu kwica Perezida wa Repubulika w u Rwanda. Uwanshubije yambwiye aseka: Urabizi neza uwo babikoreye! Ubwo yashakaga kuvuga ko ari FPR. () Uwo mu muntu nari muzi ku isura nkumunyeshuri wigaga mu Bubiligi kandi nku murwanashyaka wa CDR akoranira hafi nuwitwa Papias wa Gembloux () Natangajwe nuko abo bantu bari bafite amakuru avuga atyo nyuma yakanya gato indege ikimara kuraswa. Ndibuka ko ibyo byabaye ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ahagana saa tanu za mu gitondo ! Abo bantu ngo baba bari bamaze kumenya neza ko abasirikare
C. Braeckmann, Rwanda: Histoire dun gnocide,op. cit. Urup.177 Ba Ambasaderi bu Rwanda muri Misiri na Etiyopiya bakoresheje inama yabanyamakuru zari zigamije kurega Ububiligi (Reba Inyandiko ya telegaramu ya Ambasade yUbubiligi muri Etiyopiya : AMBABEL-ADDISABBEBA A BELEXT BRU 1993 yo ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1994) 280 Papias Ngaboyamahina icyo gihe yigiraga impamyabumenyi ye yIkirenga yo mu rwego rwa dogitora mu buhinzi i Gembloux. Yari ahagarariye ishyaka rya MRND mu Bubiligi, Perezida wabanyeshuri bAbanyarwanda mu Bubiligi akaba nuwambere wafashe imigabane muri RTLM. Franois Misser amusobanura nkUmumilita wuzuye kandi wintagondwa wa MRND, wari ufitanye ubucuti bukomeye nabasirikare, nawe kandi yaturukagamo : Reba Un nouveau Rwanda,op. cit. Urup.86 281 Byavuye mu gitabo cya C. Braeckmann, Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocideop. cit.,Urup.178 282 Ibidem
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bAbabiligi bagera ku icumi bamaze kwicwa, mu gihe nkuko byumvikana, Abasirikare bAbabiligi bari i Kigali, bo babimenye bitinze cyane283. Hashize ibyumweru bibiri indege ihanutse, Etienne Sengegera, Ambasaderi wu Rwanda muri Zaire, yasobanuye kuri Radiyo Zayire, ku wa 20 Mara 1994, ko uruhare rwAbabiligi mu ihanurwa ryindege ryari rishingiye ku mpamvu yuko Bamwe bari mu nzego za poiltiki zUbubiligi bari bashyigikiye FPR, ku impamvu tutazi , mbere yo kongeraho ko u Rwanda rwaba atari cyo gihugu cyonyine abagize uruhare muri icyo gikorwa bari bugarije: Isesengura ryinyungu za politiki mu karere ryakwerekana ko u Rwanda cyaba atari cyo gihugu cyonyine cyugarijwe 284. Mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushimangira ikirego cye, Ambasaderi wu Rwanda yatangaje ko Abasirikare bAbabiligi bagenzuraga mu nkengero zikibuga cyindege no mu gace ka Masaka ahantu yavugaga ko ariho ibisasu byarasiwe. Sengegera yongeyeho indi ngingo itangaje, itarigera igenzurwa, ko ngo imirambo yabazungu barwanaga ku ruhande rwa FPR bayisanze aho indege yarasiwe285. Aha umuntu yakwibaza impamvu Ambasade yUbufaransa yahise ako kanya itunga agatoki Abasirikare bAbabiligi kuba ari bo barashe indege. Ku rundi ruhande, ku birebana nibirego bikomoka mu nzego za Guverinoma y u Rwanda, gutunga agatoki Ababiligi bisobanurwa nimpamvu zinyuranye zifite icyo zigamije. Mu byukuri, twibutse ko FPR igihe yatangiraga intambara, ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, hashize ukwezi, Ububiligi bwakuye abasirikare babwo mu Rwanda bari baje guhungisha bene wabo. Ibi bitandukanye nUbufaransa bwari bwazanywe nimpamvu zimwe nkizAbabiligi, ariko bo bagafata icyemezo cyo kuguma mu Rwanda ndetse no kongerera ingabo zabo ingufu, mu gihe kirenze imyaka itatu, Abasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda nubutegetsi bwariho mu Rwanda ntibigeze bishimira kuba Ububiligi bwaragaruke iwabo ingabo zabwo, akaba ari yo mpamvu nyuma baje kwibasira no kugaragariza urwango abasirikare bAbabiligi bari boherejwe mu Rwanda mu rwego rwa MINUAR muri 1993, mu butumwa bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano ya Arusha. Kuva icyo gihe, intagondwa zAbahutu zakomeje kurega abasirikare bAbabiligi bari muri MINUAR ubugambanyi, bavuga ko bafatanya numwanzi, banarega ububiligi kuba bufite uruhare mu gushyigikira FPR. Iki kirego ngo cyari gishingiye ahanini ku mpamvu yuko FPR yari ifite ibiro bihoraho i Buruseli no kubera ko Ububiligi bwagize uruhare mu gutegura inama yateranye kuva ku wa 29 Gicurasi kugera ku wa 2 Kamena 1992, igahuza FPR nabyobozi bamashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi bwariho mu Rwanda286. Urwango bari bafitiye Ababiligi rwaje kwiyongera nyuma ku buryo babyigishaga ku mugaragaro, nyuma yaho RTLM ishingiwe, cyane cyane nyuma yitahuka ryingabo zUbufaransa zari mu Rwanda mu gikorwa cya gisirikare cyiswe NOROIT muri 1993, mu rwego rwo kwitegura ishyira mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano ya Arusha287.

Ubuhamya bwa Collet Jacques mu nyandiko ye n 02 02545 94 C8 Ubushinjacya bwa Gisirikare i Buruseli, ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1994 (Inyandiko yurubanzza rwa Ntuyahaga) 284 Byavuye mu gitabo cyanditswe na G. Prunier, Rwanda : le gnocideOp. Cit., Urup.258 285 Ibidem 286 Monique Mass, Paris-KigaliOp. Cit., Urup.370 287 Ubuhamya bwa Patrick Lon, ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1994, muri dosiye n 02 02545 94 C8 yumushinjacyaha Mukuru, i Buruseli, PV n 683 (Inyandiko yurubanza rwa Bernard Ntuyahaga)

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Iregwa ryAbasirikare bUburundi nabari mu mitwe ya pilitiki itavuga rumwe na Leta yUburundi Kuba Perezida wUburundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira yari muri iriya ndege byatumye abantu bamwe batekereza ko Abarundi baba bafite uruhare mu ihanurwa ryiyo ndegeya Falcon 50. Ngo yaba ari we Abarundi batavuga rumwe na Leta bashakaga kwikiza bagamije kumuhirika ku butegetsi. Icyo kirego cyahise kizimira, gita agaciro kubera ko nta bimenyetso nibisobanuro bifatika, bifite ireme, byagishyigikiraga288. Nyamara, hari bamwe mu banditsi bagitsimbaraye kuri icyo gitekerezo, noneho bakagihuza nikindi cyAbanyarwanda bAbahutu bintagondwa, bavuga ko abo bahutu baba bararashe indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bibeshye, batekereza ko yarimo Koloneli Jean Bikomagu, wahoze ari Umugaba wIngabo zUburundi. Dore uko Jean-Claude Ngabonziza abibona: Nyuma yinama, Perezida Ntaryamira wu Burundi () yaba yarategetse intumwa yari ari kumwe nazo kugana i Kigali, aho yagombaga gusubira mu ndege ye, kubera ko yavugaga ko yashakaga gukomeza ibiganiro na mugenzi we wu Rwanda. () Itegeko ryaba ryaratanzwe Na Habyarimana ubwe, ariha Umutwe wihariye wayoborwaga nabasirikare bAbafaransa Bari bafite mu kazi i Kigali, ko barasa indege ya mbere iri bugwe i Kanombe kandi intego yari igamijwe icyo gihe yari indege Koloneli Jean Bikomagu yarimo. Ubwo indege ya Yuvenali Hanbyarimana yagombaga kuzenguruka mu kirere, sinzi niba ari hehe, itegereje ko ibyo biokrwa. Umugaba Mukuru wIngabo zu Burundi, wagize amakenga yo kugwa i Kigali, yaba yaranze kubaha itegeko rya Perezida we, agategeka utwaye indege guhita akomereza i Bujumbura, noneho akaza kujya i Kigali nyuma kuzana Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira. () Bityo rero, indege ya mbere yagerageje kugwa i Kigali, ntiyari iya Koloneli Jean Bikomagu, ahubwo yari iya Yuvenali Habyarimana na Cyprien Ntaryamira barashwe nkuko amabwiriza yari yatanzwe 289. Iki kirari nta buhamya gifite bushingiye ku bimenyetso kubera ko Koloneli Jean Bikomagu atigeze ajya i Dar es Salaam ku buryo atari kuba ari mu kirere cya Kanombe, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994, nkuko J.C. Ngabonziza abisobanura. Iregwa rya Perezida Mobutu Nubwo iki gitekerezo kitavugwa cyane, ni kimwe mu birego bimaze imyaka biriho. Mu by ukuri, muri Nzeli nUkwakira 1995, bamwe mu banyamakuru bAbabiligi bashingiye ku makuru yavuye muri serivisi ziperereza zUbubiligi zo ku matariki yo mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, bahamya ko ihanurwa ryindege ryategetswe na Perezida Mobutu, bakongera ho ko ibisasu byarashe indege byaguzwe nUbufaransa, nyuma bikoherezwa i Kigali, binyuze kuri Goma, ku mupaka wa Gisenyi290. Iki gitekerezo gisa naho cyatangijwe nibyavuzwe nuwahoze ari
Raporo ya MIP, Urup.220-221 Jean-Claude Ngabonziza, Lattentat qui a prcd le gnocide en 1994 au Rwanda : un complot, un pige, une erreur : http://users.skynet.be/wihogora/ngabonziza-habyarimana-190503.htm 290 Raporo ya MIP, Urup.219 ; Le Soir, 26 Ukwakira 1995
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umucanshuro wUmubiligi, Christian Tavernier, wamaze imyaka nimyaka ari umwe mu bagize akanama kumutekano ka Perezida Mobutu. Nkuko Tavernier abivuga, ibisasu byaguzwe numucuruzi wintwaro ku buryo butemewe namategeko ubifitemo ubuzobere, witwa Bwana H. wari umaze igihe kirekire afitanye ubucuti bushingiye ku bucuruzi ninzego zubuyobozi bwa Zayire. Tavernier asobanura ko Bwana H yohereje kuri Goma misile enye zirasirwa ku butaka zigana mu kirere, bazinyuza ku cyambu cyUbubiligi cya Ostende, abifashijwemo ku buryo bweruye na Ambasade ya Zayire i Buruseli. Ambasade yaba yaramutije igaraje yo kubikamo ibisanduku byizo misile kandi inamuha ibyangombwa byo kuhakoresha291. Agereranya inkomoko zamakuru yari afite hamwe nibyo Christian Tavernier yatangaje, Colette Braeckmann we abona ko ibyatangajwe na Tavernier byaba bifitemo ukuri, ku buryo bikwiye kwitabwaho. Ashingiye ku nyandiko ya serivisi ziperereza zUbubiligi, yo ku wa 22 Mata 1994 no ku bantu bamugezagaho amakuru bo mu nzego zumutekano zUbubiligi, Madamu Braeckmann yanditse ko abamuhaga amakuru bari bafite amakuru asa naya Tavernier muri Mata 1994, ariko ko ayo makuru bitegeze biba ngombwa ko asesengurwa : Amakuru ya Christian Tavernier nta kindi yagombaga kuba uretse ikimenyetso cyinyongera, cyari kongerwa muri dosiye, cyagombye kugira icyo cyibazwaho, Iyo kitaza kuzuzanya nibivugwa mu nyandiko yavuye muri serivisi ziperereza zu Bubiligi (SGR) yo ku wa 22 Mata 1994. Nkuko byatangajwe numwe mu batangamakuru ba serivisi ziperereza, (SGR), ibisasu byaturutse mu Bufaransa; bibikwa muri Ambasade ya Zayire i Buruseli, biherekezwa numuhungu wa Perezida Mpbitu, nyuma indege ibivana Ostende. Inkomoko yamakuru ya serivisi ziperereza (SGR) yongeraho ko hari umugambi wo kwica Etienne Tshisekedi, umuyobozi wishyaka ryari rihanganye nUbutegetsi muri Zayire (Ubu yabaye Kongo) ku wa 24 Mata, mu gihe cyimyigaragambyo. Muri icyo gihe, iyo nyandiko, nubwo yari yohererejwe ku buryo bwemewe inzego zose zibishinzwe (Ububanyi nAmahanga, Minisiteri yIngabo, Ubuyobozi Bukuru bwa Gisirikare, Inzego nkuru ziperereza zIgihugu, Ibwami,) ntawigeze agira icyo ayikoraho, noneho amaherezo iza kuzimira. (.) Byabaye ngombwa gutegereza mu Kuboza 1994 kugira ngo Madamu Vronique Paulus de Chtelet, wari umaze kugirwa umuyobozi wa Komite R (Ushinzwe kugenzura serivisi ziperereza), abonye iyo nyandiko yibanga, noneho aterwa impungenge nizimira ryayo. Icyo gihe yatahuye ko nta muntu wigeze asesengura ku buryo bushishikaje, amakuru akubiye muri iyo nyandiko, nubwo yari ingirakamaro. () hashingiwe ku mutangamakuru wa serivisi ziperereza (SGR), igikorwa cyo guhanura indege cyaba cyarateguwe na Perezida Mobutu, kandi misile zaguriwe mu Bufaransa, zaba zaroherejwe Ostende mu kamyo, nyuma zikaza koherezwa i Kinshasa mu ndege yimizigo (birashoboka ko iyo ndege yari iyikigo cya CB), amaherezo ibyo bisasu bikaza koherezwa kuri Goma.

Colette Braeckmann, Quand deux pistes diffrentes se recoupent sur le dclenchement du gnocide rwandais. Lattentat contre Habyarimana: un dtour par la Belgique , http://www.obsac.com/OBSV4N40CBAttentatHabya98.html

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Muri Kivu, ibyo bisasu byaba byarakiriwe nabasirikare bashinzwe kurinda Perezida wa Zayire, noneho biza koherezwa i Kigali mu ntango za Mata. Umutangabuhamya wigenga uzwi ninzego ziperereza za SGR (Kandi natwe), ahamya ko ku wa 4 Mata 1994, yabonye ikamyo ebyiri zinyura mu mujyi nyarwanda wa Gisenyi zitwikirije amahema, ziturutse kuri Goma, ziherekejwe nabajepe, akaba ari zo modoka zaba zarazanye izo za misile292. Aho ayo makuru abera ingorabahizi, ni impamvu Perezida Mobutu yashakaga kwikiza Perezida wu Rwanda wari inshuti ye magara, yari yarashyigikiye mu bihe bikomeye byubuzima bwe bwa politiki. Amwe mu makuru anavuga ko Mobutu yaba yaragiriye inama Perezida Hanyarimana, amusaba akomeje ko atajya mu Nama ya Dar-es-Salam, kubera ko byashobokaga ko yayicirwamo. Byongeye, Perezida Mobutu, wagombaga kujya muri iyo Nama, yanze kuyijyamo ku munota wa nyuma, ibi bikaba byatuma umuntu akeka ko yari afite impamvu zikomeye ku mutekano we cyangwa uwabandi bantu bitabiriye iyo Nama. Na none, nkuko bivugwa na bamwe mu nzobere mu bya politiki, ko erezida Mobutu, wari mu bibazo no mu gihirahiro gikomeye mu gihugu cye, yabonaga ko kuba ibintu bitangiye kugenda neza mu Rwanda, bitewe nisinywa ryAmsezerano ya Arusha, kuri we byashoboraga guhitana ubutegetsi we293. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntabwo yari ashyigikiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo masezerano. Mu byukuri, amatora ashingiye kuri demokarasi, yari amaze kuba i Burundi, hagatsinda ishyaka rya FRODEBU ritavugaga rumwe nubutegetsi, nishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga igabana ryubutegetsi hagati ya Perezida Habyarimana n amashyaka atavuga rumwe nubutegetsi yimbere mu gihugu hamwe na FPR, byaba ibikorwa bikomeye byari gutuma Perezida Mobutu asigara wenyine ahanganye ninkubiri ya politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi mu karere kIbiyaga Bigari. Hashingiwe kuri iri sesengura, birumvikana ko yari asangiye icyerekezo nimyumvire nintagondwa zAbanyarwanda bo mu Rwanda biyitaga Hutu Power, bari bafite umugambi wo kuzitira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano ya Arusha kugira ngo adasigara ari we Mukuru wigihugu wenyine udashaka kwakira politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi na demokarasi. Iregwa ryUmutwe wa FPR Abayobozi bUbufaransa bari mu ba mbere bakomeje gutunga agatoki FPR, bashimangira ko ariyo yagize uruhare mu kurasa indege ya Perezida wa Repubulika. Mu nyandiko yo ku wa 7 Mata 1994, Bruno Delaye, Umujyanama Ushinzwe Afurika na Madagascar, muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika yUbufaransa, yatangaje ko FPR ni yo yarashe indege294, nta bindi bisobanuro nibimenyetso yatanze yashingiragaho yemeza icyo kirego cye. Kuri uwo munsi, Jenerali Christian Quesnot, Umuyobozi Wibiro bya Perezida Mitterrand, yanditse ko Igitekerezo cyuko FPR ari yo yarashe indege kigomba gukurikiranwa, noneho ashimangira ko icyo kirari kizagomba kwemezwa niperereza . Nyamara, Jenerali Quesnot yagaragaje aho abogamiye mu gihe urwo ruhare rwa FPR we yarubonagamo umugambi wari wateguwe nabayobozi bayo wo
C. Braeckmann, Quand deux pistes diffrentes , Inyandiko yavuzwe C. Braeckmann, Inyandiko yavuzwe 294 Bruno Delaye, Ibarwa yagenewe Perezida wa Repubulika, Paris, ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Impamvu: Ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida wa Repubulika wu Rwanda nuwu Burundi
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gufata ubutegetsi: Niba ihanurwa ryindege ryarakozwe na FPR, byavuga ko ari igikorwa gifite uburemere bukomeye cyane kigamije gufata ubutegetsi i Kigali295. Ibyo bitekerezo nibirego byabajyanama ba Perezida Mitterrand, uko ari babiri, bihuriweho nAmbasaderi wUbufaransa mu Rwanda, Jean-Michel Marlaud, wanditse mu nyandiko ivunaguye yanditswe ku 25 Mata 1994 avuga ko ihanurwa ryindege yahitanye Perezida HABYARIMANA ryabaye imbarutso yibiba mu Rwanda ; birashoboka ko ari ibikorwa bya FPR. Ubyumvise bwa mbere, usanga Ambasaderi wUbufaransa asa naho abivugana amakenga, kuko yongeraho ko ibyo avuga nta bimenyetso bifatika muri aka kanya bigaragaza ku buryo budakuka uruhare rwuwahanuye indege. Nyamara, arangiza yerekana ko abogamye iyo yemeza ko Amakuru avugako Perezida yahanuwe nibyegera bye adashyitse , ahubwo agakomeza avuga igitekerezo cyuruhare rwa FPR () ni cyo umuntu yaganishaho296. Jean-Michel Marlaud araregura ingabo zu Rwanda nintangondwa zAbahutu ngo kubera zo guhuzagurika nakajagari byinzego zubutegetsi bwu Rwanda byakurikiye ihanurwa ryindege nibyemezo byabo bya mbere (Kugena Umukuru wigihugu, na Guverinoma yagateganyo, guhamagarira FPR biganiro) ntibihuye nigitekerezo cyo kuba barateguye uwo mugambi297. Marlaud amaherezo atunga agatoki FPR, avuga ko ingabo zu Rwanda zitashoboraga kwiyambura abantu babo bakomeye, baguye mu ndege, arimo: Perezida wa Repubulika, Umukuru wInzego zipererza nUmugaba wIngabo mu gikorwa kimwe byaciye intege ingabo zu Rwanda ku buryo bukomeye, kandi zari kubona ubundi buryo bworoshye bwo kuburizamo amasezerano y Arusha, batagombye ibitambo 298. Umunyamakuru Stephen Smith nawe yatunze FPR agatoki avuga ko ari yo yahanuye indege. Ku wa 29 Nyakanga 1994, yanditse inyandiko mu Kinyamakuru kitwa Libration, avuga ko nta mwanzuro ndakuka wafatwa kubera ko nta bimenyetso bifatika biboneka bidashidikanwaho. Nyamara, Stephen Smith yanzuye avuga ko mu birari binyuranye byose bishoboka igitekerezo giteye ubwoba kurusha ibindi- ni uko Umuryango wa FPR () waba ariwo warashe indege, bikaba imbarutso ya jenoside yabayoboke bayo 299. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Stephen Smith yakajije umurego nubukana mu gushinja FPR, cyane cyane Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda, Paul Kagame. Smith yashingiraga ibirego bye ku buhamya bwa Abdul Ruzibiza, wahoze ari umusirikare muri APR akaza gutoroka, wemeza ko yari umwe mu bantu barashe indege, bitegetswe na Paul Kagame300, mbere yo kwisuburaho no kwivuguruza mu kwezi kwUgushyingo 2008, ashimangira ko inkuru yatangaje yari ibihimbano.

Gnral Quesnot, Ibwrwa yagenewe Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Paris, ku wa 7 Mata1994. Imamvu: RWANDA-BURUNDI- Ibyakurikiye urupfu rwAbaperezida babiri 296 Ambasaderi wUbufaransa mu Rwanda, Inyandiko n RW/DIVERS/940422A, Paris, ku wa 25 Mata 1994. A/S : RWANDA 297 Ibidem 298 Ibidem 299 Stephen Smith, Habyarimana : Retour sur un attentat non lucid , Libration, 29 juillet 1994 300 Inyandiko ebyiri muri Le Monde, yo ku wa 10 Werurwe 2004 : Le rcit de lattentat du 6 avril 1994 par un ancien membre du Network commando na Lenqute sur lattentat qui fit basculer le Rwanda dans le gnocide ; Inyandiko ebyiri muri Le Monde 11 mars 2004 : Trois questions Lon Habyarimana na La visite en Belgique de Paul Kagame est perturbe par les rvlations sur lattentat du 6 avril 1994 ;

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Igitekerezo gishinja FPR gihuriweho nimpuguke mu mibereho nimibanire yabantu yumufaransa witwa Andr Guichaoua, uvuga ko Iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana ryari ryarateguwe mu mpera zumwaka wa 1993, nkinzira yo kubyutsa intambara301 byakozwe na FPR. Birakwiye kumenya ko Guichaoua na Smith bashingira ibirego byabo ku bitekerezo byatangijwe nabasirikare bakuru bAbaifaransa ku 07 Mata 1994, naho benshi muri abo basirikare bakaba bavoma ayo makuru mu nzego nkuru za gisirikare zUbufaransa, kiko bizwi neza ko icyo gihe bari bafitanye ubucuti bukomeye hagati ya bamwe mu basirikare bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda nigisirikare cyUbufaransa302.

Ikirego gitunga agatoki FPR na none gishyigikiwe ku buryo bwimazeyo nabateguye jenoside, barimo Koloneli Thoneste Bagosora nabari bagize Guverinoma yAbataabzi Abatabazi, abarwanya Leta yu Rwanda bibera mu bihugu byamahanga303, hamwe nUmucamanza wUmufaransa, Jean-Louis Bruguire, wasohoye inyandiko mpuzamahanaga zifata abayobozi bakuru bu Rwanda mu Gushyingo 2006. Abashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo gishinja FPR kuba yaragize uruhare mu rupfu rwa Perezida Habyarimana batanga ibisobanuro bibiri byingenzi, kimwe cya politiki, ikindi cya tekiniki. Mu rwego rwa politiki, bemeza ko kubangamira no gutinza ishyira mu bokorwa ryamasezerano ya Arusha byakozwe na Perezida Habyarimana nibyegera bye, byatumye FPR ifata icyemezo cyo kumwikiza (kumwica) kugira ngo ifate ubutegetsi ku ngufu, nyuma yo kubura imirwano304. Abo bantu bongeraho ibindi bisobanuro bishingiye ku moko, bavuga ko FPR yari igizwe ahanini nAbatutsi, kandi ko muri ibyo bihe byarangwaga namakimbirane ashingiye ku moko, FPR itari yizeye kuzatsinda binyuze mu amatora. Ngo kubera iyo mpamvu, FPR yafashe umugambi wo kwirinda amatora no kwica Perezida wa Repubukika, igamije gufata ubutegetsi. Ku rwego rwa tekiniki, abarega FPR bavuga ko uwo Muryango wari utunze za misile zirasa indege zivuye ku butaka, kandi ko bimwe muri ibyo bisasu byabonywe ahabereye imirwano, byari bimwe mu bisasu bya Uganda, ari naho FPR igomba kuba yarabikuye305. Iregwa ryIntagondwa zAbahutu Gutunga agatoki intagondwa z Abahutu nkabantu bagize uruhare mu kurasa indege byavuzwe nabyo ako kanya indege ikimara guhanurwa, noneho icyo gitekerezo kiza gukomezwa mu nyandiko nabashakashatsi, abarumu muri za Kaminuza nabanyamakuru bo mu itangazamakuru
A. Guichaoua (Ikiganirombwirwaruhame), Le Monde, ku wa 7 Gicurasi 2004 Mehdi Ba, La France, la bote noire et le gnocide , Golias-Magazine n101, Werurwe /Mata 2005, pp.32-40. Franois-Xavier Verschave, Complicit de gnocide ? La politique de la France au Rwanda, La Dcouverte, 1994, pp.83-86 ; Jean- Paul Goteux, La nuit rwandaise. Limplication franaise dans le dernier gnocide du sicle, op. cit., Urup. 196-205. 303 Colonel BEMS Bagosora Thoneste, Lassassinat du Prsident Habyarimana ou lultime opration du TUTSI pour sa reconqute du pouvoir par la force au Rwanda ; Paul Rusesabagina, Inyandiko yandikiwe Bwana Hassan Bubacar Jallow, Umushinjacyaha wUrukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda, Buruseli, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2006. 304 Icyemezo cyUmucamanza J.L. Bruguire, Urup.53 305 Charles Onana, Silence sur un attentat. Le scandale du gnocide rwandais, Paris, Duboiris, 2005 ; F.Reyntjens, Trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire, op. cit.
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bakurikiranira hafi politiki yu Rwanda306. I Buruseli, Serivisi zIgihugu zishinzwe iperereza zUbubiligi (SGR) mu nyandiko yayo yo kuwa 22 Mata 1994 yemeje ko: Ibimenyetso byose ubu byerekana ko abarashe indege bagizwe nagatsiko kAbahutu bintagondwa bari mu ngabo zu Rwanda307. Nk uko bitangazwa ninzego ziperereza zUbubiligi, abanditsi babiri bibyamamare, Grard Prunier na Colette Braeckmann, bashingiye ku makuru akomoka ahantu hanyuranye, nabo bashyigikiye igitekerezo gishinja intagondwa zAbahutu kuba aribo bateguye kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa ihanurwa ryindege. Colette Braeckmann yabaye uwa mbere mu gutangaza icyo kirego, yongeraho indi ngingo nshya, irebana nuruhare rwabasirikare bAbafaransa bo mu mutwe wubutwererane mu bya gisirikare, bakunze kwita DAMI mu magambo ahinnye yigifaransa308. Madamu Braeckmann yaba ayo makuru yarayakuye mu ibarwa yandikishije intoki yo ku itariki ya 29 Gicurasi 1994 yageze mu biro bye izanywe numuntu utaramenyekanye. Iyo barwa yaturukaga ku muntu bita Tadeyo, wavugaga ko ari umuyobozi w umutwe witwara gisirikare w i Kigali ngo wicuzaga ibintu yaba yariroshyemo, ku buryo, nkuko abivuga, yashakaga kuvugisha ukuri, mu rwego rwo kwifatanya ninshuti ze ebyiri zAbabiligi atavuze amazina. Iyo nyandiko ya Tadeyo ivuga ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe nabasirikare babiri bAbafaransa bo mu mutwe wa DAMI bakorera ishyaka rya CDR, bagamije gutangiza jenoside. Yongeraho ko itsinda ryabantu bane hamwe nabasirikare babiri bAbafaransa nabayobozi bane ba CDR, nawe arimo, ari bo bonyine bari bazi uwo mugambi. Iyo nyandiko yongeraho ko Abafaransa bari bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare yububiligi kugira ngo bashobore kugera aho indege yarasiwe kandi ko izina ryibanga ryumwe muri bo ryari Etienne, igira ati: Indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanuwe nabasirikare babiri bo mu mutwe wingabo zubufaransa witwa DAMI wakoreraga CDR, bagamije gutangiza ubwicanyi ndengakamere. Iyicwa rya Gatabazi naryo ryari uwo mugambi wimitwe yitwara gisirikare na CDR. Bashakaga no kugerageza ingufu zabo. Abantu bake bonyine nibo bari bazi uwo mugambi: Abakozi bane (4) bo muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika ; nabayobozi bane (4) ba CDR, nanjye mbarimo. Aabsirikare bAbafaransa bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare yAbabiligi kugira ngo bashobore kuva aho bari bari, no kugira ngo abajepe babamenyere kure, nicyo cyatumye kuva muri 1991, barega ku mugaragaro Ababiligi, babifashijwemo na DAMI. Twambaye ingofero zAbabiligi. Nubwo izo ngofero ntaho zihuriye nibibazo ariko ni ibicucu ku buryo batashoboraga kkubitandukanya, Sinshobora gutangaza amazina yAbanyarwanda, ariko umwe mu Bafaransa, ntekereza ko yitwaga Etienne kandi ko yari akiri muto.

F. Reyntjens, Rwanda, Trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire, Paris, CEDAF/LHarmattan, 1995 ; G. Prunier, Histoire dun gnocide, op. cit. et C. Braeckmann, Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocide, op. cit. 307 SGR, Inyandiko ivugwa mu gitabo cya G. Pris et D. Servenay, Une guerre noireop. cit., p.266 308 Le Soir, yo ku wa 17 Kamena 1994; Rwanda: Histoire dun gnocide, op. cit., pp.188-197

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Ukuboko kwanjye kwiburyo kwarakutse kandi nta shiti ngiye gupfa mu minsi ya vuba kubera ko ntashobora kwivuza. Ibi ndabikorera inshuti zanjye ebyiri zAbabilligi, akaba ari yo mpamvu mpisemo kuvuga ukuri. Mugire amahoro yImana. Nitwa Tadeyo Umuyobozi wUmutwe witwara gisirikare, Kigali, kuwa 29 Gicurasi 1994 .

Colette Braeckmann asobanura ko icyemezo cyo gutangaza ibikubiye muri iyi barwa cyafashwe nyuma yiminsi myinshi agereranya amakuru anyuranye yabonekaga yaganishaga mu cyerekezo kimwe kandi yahuriraga ku ngingo yerekanaga ko iyo nyandiko itari impimbano: Ibyari bikubiye muri iyo barwa byari bihuye nibindi bimenyetso nari naragejejweho i Kigali, igihe nariyo, iminsi ya mbere yakurikiye ihanurwa ryindege () ubu buhamya buragaragaza amakuru anyuranye, harimo nibyari byatangarijwe Umushinjacyaha wa Gisirikare w Umubiligi,i Buruseli, ushinzwe gushakisha amakuru yose aboneka ku rupfu rwabaparakomando icumi bAbabiligi bari muri MINUAR, no ku buyo bwaguye, gukora iperereza ku rupfu rwUmukuru wIgihugu no kwanga no kwibasira Ababiligi byakurikiyeho309. Nka Colette Braeckmann, Grard Prunier nawe ashimangira igitekerezo gishinja intagondwa zAbahutu kuba baragize uruhare mu ihanurwa ryindege kubera ko izo ntangondwa zarwanyaga impinduka zari guterwa nishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano ya Arusha: Mu mpera za 1992, intagondwa zo mu ishyaka rya CDR zatangiye kugira amakenga ko ingengabitekerezo yabo ishingiye ku butegetsi bwAbahutu igiye kugambanirwa. Bamwe mu bari bagize akazu batangira kwemera ko Perezida yiteguye kugambanira inyungu zabo no kuzigurana inyungu ze bwite za politiki zejo hazaza. Urwo ruhurirane rwo kumva inyungu zabo zihungabanye, bagiye kuzitakaza, no kugira ipfunwe ko ingendabitekerezo yabo ishobora kubangamirwa, byongereye ubukana mu mitima no mu bitekerezo byabo byo gutegura umugambi wa jenoside. Bagombaga gufatanya na Perezida, igihe cyose azakomeza kurengera imigambi ninyungu byabo, bitaba ibyo bakamukuraho amaboko, nkumuyobozi wabo. Ku rundi rihande, natangira kugaragaza ko, ageze aharindimuka, agahitamo kwemera gukurikiza Amasezerano ya Arusha, aho kuyaburizamo kugera ku ndunduro, ibye bizaba birangiye. Nyamara Prunier asobanura ko, abagambanyi batashobora kwemera ku mugaragaro ibyo bakoze. Perezida Habyarimana yari amaze igihe kirekire yariyitiranyije nUbutegetsi bwAbahutu ku buryo agatsiko kiyita ko kari gashyigikiye ingengabitekerezo ye, katari kugenda kigamba ko ari ko kamwishe. Niyo mpamvu, bakoze ikinamico ryamayobera, bashyiraho Guverinoma yAbatabazi. Ni nayo mpamvu kandi biyemeje kwirinda iperereza iryo ari ryo ryose ku cyateye ihanuka ryindege yahitanye Perezida ()310.

309 310

C. Braeckmann, Histoire dun gnocide, op. cit., Urup.189 G. Prunier, Histoire dun gnocide, op. cit., p.273

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Grard Prunier asobanura ko intagondwa zAbahutu zaba zarishe Perezida Habyarimana, ziteganya jenoside, zizeye imikorere mibi ya Loni. Bari banizeye ko bazashyigikirwa nabaturage bashingiye ku moko, hamwe nabasirikare bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda ninzego zubutegetsi, banafite nicyizere ko bazatsinda FPR ku rugamba, noneho bagashyiraho ubutegetsi bihariye, nta gusaranganya. Ese koko Abagambanyi baratekereza ko bazagera ku mugambi wabo? Yego ni ko bigaragara, kubera ko babigerageje. Nyamara, uko bigaragara si ko biri. Bizeye ko amahanga, cyane cyane Loni, azicecekera, ntagire icyo akora kandi ntibibeshya. Bizeye gushyigikirwa nabaturage babo mu mugambi wabo wa jenoside, Kandi babigezeho, urestse bake cyane. Bizeye gushyigikirwa bidashidikanywaho ningabo kandi zarabashyigikiye koko, uretse abasirikare bake cyane. Bizeye ingufu zabo mu gukomeza imicungire yubutegetsi mu gihe cyubwicanyi; Biraruhije kurushaho ariko bazagerageza, uko byagenda kose. Amaherezo, bizeye ubushibozi bwabo bwo guhangana na FPR, ariko aha niho bibeshye, ni cyo cyonyine cyatumye batsindwa311. Uwo mwanditsi ashimangira ko intagondwa z Abahutu zaba zarateguye umugambi wo guhanura indege Falcon 50 zari zizeye inkunga no gushyigikirwa nibihugu byibihangange byi Burayi kandi nta bwoba bari bafite ko bashobora gukomanyirizwa no gufatirwa ibihano, ku ruhande rumwe kubera ko akenshi ibihano bidakurikizwa, ku rundi ruande kubera uburyo bunyuranye bari bafite bwo guhangana ningaruka mbi ziryo ikomanyirizwa: Nubwo bisa no kubogama, iyo FPR itaza kubaho cyangwa iyo iza gutsindwa ku rugamba, ahari abateguye umugambi wa jenoside baba barawugezeho. Nyuma ya jenoside, amahanga aba yaraguye mu kantu kandi agatangazwa nibyabaye, hagakurikiraho gufatira ibihano Leta mu rwego rwubukungu (bituzuye) bisabwe na Loni ; Nyuma hari kubaho ibikorwa byinshi binyuranye bwo kutubahiriza ibyo bihano nikomanyirizwa, kandi Paris ikaba yashobora gukora bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa ; Nyuma ibihugu bimwe bitagira icyo byitayeho nka Seribiya, Ubushinwa, cyangwa Irani bigasubukura umubano, (Kubaka umusigiti umwe cyangwa ibiri rwose byaba bihagije) ; nuko nyuma hashingiwe ku mubano usanzwe , Abaingabo zu Rwanda ansa nAbabiligi, ndetse wenda nAbadage, nyuma bagakurikiraho. Ibyo ari byo byose, ubutegetsi bwAbahutu, bwakora jenoside butayikora, ntacyo bubangamiyeho inyungu zibihugu byi Burayi. Abanyaburayi Hari ukibuka igice cya Miliyoni cyAbashinwa bishwe bitegetswe na Perezida Suharto wa Indoneziya mu mwaka wa 1965? () Ntabwo ari ngombwa kuba igihangange nkUbushinwa kugira ngo amahanga yirengagize utwo twa Tien An Men duto twabyo312. Ibirego Koloneli Bagosora aregwa nUrukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda harimo ibimenyetso byinshi byuzuzanya byerekana ko Bagosora nagatsiko ke bateguye umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana kubera ko Amasezerano ya Arusha yateganyaga gushyira mu bikorwa yamburaga ibikomerezwa byingoma, birimo na koloneli Bagosora, imyanya yabo ikomeye yubutegetsi, haba mu rwego rwubukungu cyangwa urwa politiki. Muri ibyo bimenyetso byatanzwe nUmushinjacyaha wUrukiko, twavuga mo ibi bikorwa:
311 312

Ibidem Ibidem

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Mu gihe cyimishyikirano ku masezerano ya Arusha, habayeho inama nyinshi zagiwemo na Koloneli Thoneste Bagosora, Lt Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva na Majoro Aloys Ntabakuze zateraniraga mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cyi Kanombe, zikitabirwa nabasirikare bakuru. Muri icyo gihe, Aloys Ntabakuze na Thoneste Bagosora bashishikarije abasirikare kwanga Amasezerano ya Arusha no kugaragaza icyo bayatekerezaho. Abasirikare bakuru benshi bo mu Ngabo zu Rwanda, barimo Thoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi, na Aloys Ntabakuze, batangaje ku mugaragaro ko FPR niyubura imirwano cyangwa Amasezerano ya Arusha nashyirwa mu bikorwa, ingaruka idasubirwaho izaba kurimbura Abatutsi. Byongeye kandi, Koloneli Thoneste Bagosora yatangaje inshuro nyinshi, ko umuti wintambara ari ugushyira igihugu mu icuraburindi risa nimperuka kugira ngo Abatutsi bose barimburwe, maze hakurikireho amahoro arambye. Aya magambo akenshi yayavugaga mu ruhame, ari kumwe nabasirikare bakuru, barimo Anatole Nsengiyumva. Uyu musirikkare mukuru na none yatangaje ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano ya Arusha rizabyutsa intambara. Hasigaye iminsi ngo jenoside itangizwe, ku wa 4 Mata 1994, Koloneli Thoneste Bagosora yashimangiye ko umuti wonyine wigihirahiro igihugu cyarimo wari ukurimbura Abatutsi bose. Ahagana mu mpera zukwezi kwa Werurwe 1994, Umugaba Mukuru wIngabo zu Rwanda, Jenerali Dogratias Nsabimana, na Koloneli Gratien Kabiligi bavugiye imbere yAbasirikare Bakuru bIngabo zUbubiligi, ko gutsemba FPR nAbatutsi bishoboka mu kanya gato313. Abashyigikiye igitekerezo gishinja intagondwa zAbahutu kuba baragize uruhare mu ihanurwa ryindege, mu mugambi wo kwikubira ubutegetsi, batanga impamvu nibimenyetso bikomeye. Mbere na mbere, mu rwego rwa politiki, icyemezo cyafashwe na Perezida Habyarimana cyo kujya Dar-es-Salaam no gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha akimara kugaruka mu Gihugu byari gukurikirwa no kwigizwayo kwa benshi mu basirikare bingabo zu Rwanda, barimo nintagondwa zitavugirwamo, bari baatewe impungenge nuko bamwe muri bo bashobora gushyirwa mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru. Umukuru wIgihugu akimara kwemera gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano no kuyashyigikira, abarwanyaga iigabana ryubutegetsi basanze nta bundi buryo uretse umugambi wo kumwigizayo, bagamije kuburizamo Amsezerano ya Arusha. Reka twibutseko ko ku wa 2 Mata 1994, igihe Perezida yakiraga intumwa yUmunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni mu rugo rwe ku Gisenyi, kugira ngo amumenyeshe ko yemeye gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha, kandi ko bombi bamaze kwemeranya itariki yumuhango wo gushyiraho inzego zinzibacyuho ku wa 10 Mata 1994, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa MRND, Joseph Nzirorera yarahiye avuga

Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahangwa rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Urubanza n ICTR-96-7-I, Umushinjacyaha mu rubanza rwa Thoneste Bagosora, Ikirego, ibika bya 5.11 5.13. Twibuke ko kubera iyo mpamvu, mu cyemezo cyarwo mu rubabnza rwaciwe kuwa 18 Ukuboza 2008, Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwahamije Bagosora icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, nibyaha byintambara, rumukatira igihano gisumba ibindi : Gufungwa burundu.

313

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ati: Nyakubahwa Perezida, ntabwo tuzabyemera314 ! Ku rundi ruhande, kuba Bagosora yarikijije Umugaba Mukuru wIngabo byasobanurwa mu rwego rwo gushaka gufata ubutegtetsi, Mu byukuri, mu gihe Bagosora yari afite mu mutwe we umugambi wo gufata ubutegetsi, biragaragara ko igitekerezo cyo kwikiza icya rimwe Perezida wa Repubulika nUmugaba Mukuru wIngabo nundi muntu wese yumvaga amubangamiye, ari ibintu byumvikana. Ku rwego rwa tekiniki, abashinja Abahutu bintagondwa bavuga ko, hashingiwe ku makuru yatangarijwe rubanda, ndetse no ku byatangajwe nabasirikare bingabo zu Rwand ubwabo, ayo makuru avuga ko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite misile zirasa mu kirere zivuye ku butaka ngo bambuye FPR mu mwaka wa 1991, byerekana ko niba ibivugwa ari byo, bari bafite ubushobozi bwo kurasa iriya indege. Abashyigikiye iki gitekerezo na none basobanura ko akarere kavugwa ko ndege yarasiwemo kagenzurwaga babasirikare bingabo zu Rwanfa, ku buryo kwinjira rwihishwa, cyane cyane muri biriya bihe, nuko ibintu byari byifashe, byasaga naho bidashoboka rwose.

Komite yasuzumye kandi inasesengura ku buryo bucukumbuye ibi birari byose binyuranye, noneho iza kugera ku mwanzuro ko uruhare rwabasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda rugaragara kandi rrudashidikanywaho rwo gutegura igikorwa cyo kurasa indege yahitanye Perezida Habyarimana na Perezida Ntaryamira, abashoferi bindege bAbafaransa batwaraga indege ya Falcon 50 hamwe nabandi Banyarwanda nAbarundi bari muri iyo ndege baherekeje Abakuru bIbihugu. Ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana uruhare rwingabo zu Rwanda nabayobozi bakomeye bo mu kazu mu itegura no mu ishyira mubikorwa ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida Ibimenyetso byinshi kandi byuzuzanya byerekana ko Abahutu bintagondwa barwanyaga Amasezerano ya Arusha kandi bari barafashe icyemezo cyo kuyaburizamo, bateguye gufata ubutegetsi mbere yo ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Ubuhamya buturuka cyane cyane mu bahoze mu ngabo zu Rwanda315, baba abasirikare bakuru cyangwa abawofisiye batoya, batangaje ko abasirikare bakuru bintagondwa, nka Thoneste Bagosora, Aloys Ntabakuze, Protais Mpiranya, Lonard Nkundiye, Anatole Nsengiyumva, nabandi, bumvaga baragambaniwe nicyemezo cya Perezida Habyarimana cyo gushyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha, noneho kubera ibyo, nabo bafata icyemezo cyo kumurwanya, ari nabyo byavuyemo kumuhitana. Kugira ngo babigereho, intambwe ya mbere yabaye ubushotoranyi bwakorewe abasirikare bUbubiligi bari muri MINUAR kugera naho bishemo bamwe. Hakanateguwe nibindi bikorwa bigamije guhirika ubutegetsi, nyuma yo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika, bikozwe nagatsiko kintagondwa. Impamvu yumugambi wo kwica Perezida wa Repubulika. Icyemezo cyo kuburizamo burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha

314 315

V. Nshimiyimana, Prlude du gnocide rwandaisop. cit., p.50-51. Reba hepfo

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Uko umwuka wari umeze nuko ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994 no ku minsi yakurikiyeho ntaho bihuriye no kwigomeka kwabasirikare ngo kwaba kwaratewe nihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida Habyarimana. Uwo mwuka wari mu gihugu ahubwo waterwaga numugambi wateguranywe ubwitonzi nabasirikare bakuru bintagondwa batemeragako ishyirwa mu bikorwa Amasezerano ya Arusha ribafitiye akamaro kandi bakoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka nimbaraga zabo zose kugira ngo bayaburizemo burundu. Abatangabuhamya bAbanyarwanda babajijwe na Komite, kandi abenshi muri bo bari Batayo yAbaparakomando niyabasirikare bo mu Ishami ryingabo zu Rwand zishinzwe kurasa no kurashisha indege (L.A.A)., bose bahuriza hamwe bemeza ko abayobozi babo bakuru mu ngabo, cyane cyane Majoro Ntabakuze, yakanguriraga abasirikare ko bagomba rwose kutemera Amasezerano ya Arusha, byumwihariko, igice cyAmasezerano kirebana no kuvanga ingabo zimpande zombi. Mu gihe cyimishyikirano na nyuma yisinywa ryAmasezerano, Majoro Ntabakuze yateguraga ibiganiro ku myitwarire yabasirikare, basaba abasirikare guhora biteguye kurwanya FPR aho kwemera ko Perezida Habyarimana nabanyapolitike batavuga rumwe na Guverinoma316 batanga igihugu . Majoro Bernard Ndayisaba wari mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe mu Mutwe ushinzwe ibya tekiniki nikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare, asobanura inkomoko y ivuka nihemberwa ryuwo mwuka wubutagondwa, ivangura nubwikanyize wari mu ngabo zu Rwanda, waganishaga ku iyicwa ryumukuru wigihugu: Mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe, havutse ishyirahamwe ryatangijwe nabasirikare bakuru bintagondwa ryitwaga AMASASU ryari rishingiye ku ntego yo kurwanya byimazeyo Amasezerano ya Arusha, Benshi mu bayobozi ba za Batayo nindi mitwe namashami bya Gisirikare bo mu Kigo cya Kanombe bari muri iryo shyiirahamwe, cyane cyane Koloneli Bagosora, Majoro Ntabakuze, Koloneli Baransaritse, Majoro Ntibihora, Majoro Munyampotore nabandi. Abo basirikare bakuru ntibatinyaga kurega Perezida Habyarimana ku mugaragaro, bamwita umugambanyi bamuhora gusa ko yari yarasinye Amasezerano ya Arusha. Bamuregaga koIguhugu yakigurishije FPR. Ako gatsiko kabasirikare kameneraga ibanga KANGURA ku birebana nayo makuru kugira ngo icyo kinyamakuru gikwirakwize ibyo bitekerezo mu baturage. Kanakwirakwizaga inyandiko zidasinye mu mihanda, cyane cyane mu bigo bya gisirikare, kugira ngo bangishe abasirikare Habyarimana. Muri izo nyandiko banashyiragamo amazina yabasirikare bakuru babarega gukorana na FPR. Agatsiko kabasirikare bintagondwa ndetse bigeze gutegura umugambi wo kwica uwari Minisitiri w Intebe Dismas Nsengiyaremye baregaga nawe kuba ashyira imbere ibyo FPR yasabaga, cyane cyane nyuma yisinywa ryigice cyamasezerano kirebana nihuzwa ryingabo zombi. Majoro Ntabakuze yohereje abasirikare yari yahaye misiyo yo kwica Minisitiri wIntebe Nsengiyaremye, ariko umugambi wabo ntiwageze ku ntego kubera ko Jenerali Nsabimana yabimenye noneho agatelefona Ntabakuze ako kanya
Cpl Sengendo Venuste, Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kigali ku wa 6 kamena 2008 ; Cpl Gasana Jean-Marie Vianney, Rubavu ku wa 29 Gashyantare 2008 ; Cpl Mudahunga Jean-Marie Vianney, Kigali ku wa 14Werurwe 2008 ; 1er Sgt Kwitonda Samel, Kigali ku wa 3 mata 2008 ; Cpl Masengesho Innocent, Kigali ku wa 18 Werurwe 2008 ; Cpl Marihinde Juvnal, Huye ku wa 30 kamena 2008 ; Ss Lt Nkusi Grard, Gicumbi ku wa 27 Kamena 2008 ; Cpl Gasasira Henri, Nyamagabe, ku wa 30 Kamena 2008 ; Cpl Higiro Claude, Kayonza, ku 13 Kanama 2008, nibindi.
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akamutegeka kugarura abasirikare bari mu nzira. Icyo gihe nabaga mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Kanombe kandi narabyiboneye namaso yanjye. Abo bantu ntibashoboraga kuzuyaza kwica Habyarimana kugira ngo Amasezerano ya Arusha aburiremo ubuziraherezo. Bagosora yajyaga yivugira ku mugaragaro kandi atarya indimi ko Habyarimana atari agishoboye gutegeka, ko hakenewe undi muti.317. Bamwe mu batangabuhanya basobanuye ko Koloneli Bagosora, nubwo yari mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru cya gisirikare, nyuma yo kwanga imishyikirano ya Arusha no gutangaza ko agiye gutegura imperuka yAbatutsi, yakundaga kujya mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mu Mutwe ushinzwe imbunda nini zirasa indege yari yarigeze kuyobora, no mu Mutwe wAbaparakomando, akahakorera inama zigamije gukangurira abasirikare, abasaba gukomeza umugambi wo kurwana no gusubiza FPR muri Uganda318. Abandi batangabuhamya, cyane cyane abasirikare b Ububiligi bari muri MINUAR nabari bashinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare, bakoraniraga hafi nabasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda, nabo biboneye uburyo Abasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda bari biyemeje kuburizamo no gusibanganya burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha. Icyo cyemezo cyakomeje kugenda kirushaho kugira ubukana mu cyumweru cyabanjirije ihanurwa rya Falcon 50, cyane cyane hategurwa imbunda mu bigo bya gisirikare. Ajida Daubie Benot, wakoreraga mu kigo cya gisirikare ya Kanombe nkumusikare ushinzwe ububiko mu ngabo zu Rwanda mu rwego rwubutwererane mu bya Gisirikare hagati yUbubiligi nu Rwanda, avuga ko byagaragaraga ko Ingabo z u Rwanda zateguraga intambara, hasigaye icyumweru ngo indege ihanurwe kandi ko abo basirikare boherezaga imbunda namasasu Ibigo bya gisirikare bya Kigali, ndetse nibindi bigo bito: Mu gihe cyihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, nari mu mazu yamacumbi ya Gisirikare yAbabiligi i Nyarutarama. Namenye ko indege yarashwe mbibwiwe nagatsiko kiyitaga Kenwodd ku wa 6.04.94 saa tatu za nijoro zitarenga () Nkurikije uko mbyumva, ihanurwa ryiriya ndege byateguwe numutwe wabajepe. () Ninjiraga mu bubiko bwimbunda namasasu bwi Kanombe mbere yuko indege ihanurwa kandi nta kintu nabonye kidasanzwe uretse igice kinini cyububiko bwimbunda cyari kirimo ubusa, imbunda bazivanyemo. Umubare wamasasu wari yavanywemo wari munini cyane. Nkurugero, i Gitarama hoherejwe ibisasu igihumbi bya bya moritiye yubunini bwa 120mm; Mu bubiko hasigayemo nka 20% byamasasu yarimo. Ibi byabaye hasigaye nkukwezi kumwe mbere yihanurwa ryindege kandi bamaze icyumweru cyose batunda. Umuriyetona wingabo z u Rwanda yambwiye ko biteguraga igitero cya FPR. ..Ku bwanjye ndatekereza ko iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kwirinda igenzurwa ryindorerezi za Loni. Nzi neza raporo ku ntwaro namasasu zatangwaga nubuyobozi Bukuru bwingabo zu Rwanda zabaga ari ibinyoma kuko zitagaragazaga
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Musanze, ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2008 Lieutenanat Makuza Salathiel, wahaye Komite ubuhamya i Rubavu, ku wa 21Ugushyingo 2008 ; 1er Sgt Kwitonda Samel, Batayo ya LAA, watanze ubuhamya i Kigali, ku wa 3 Mata 2008 ; Cpl Kabonerano Isidore, imuparakomando, kuva 1984 kugera 1994 watanze ubuhamya i Kigali, ku wa 14 Gicurasi 2008 ; Ruvugiza Jean de Dieu, Batayo ishinzwe ubutasi bwa gisirikare, nyuma wagiye muri Batayo ya LAA kuva 1987 kugera 1994, watanze ubuhamya i Ngoma (Kibungo), ku wa 10 Kanama 2008.
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intwaro namasasu byabaga byatanzwe mu bwinshi. Batangaga raporo zimtwaro ziri mu bubiko gusa .., mu gihe amasasu nintwaro byabaga byaraye bitundwa ijoro ryose319. Koloneli Andr Vincent wayoboraga ibikorwa byubutwererane mu bya gisirikare mu Rwanda yatangarije Umucamanza mu rubanza rwa Ntuyahaga ko yari afitanye ubucuti nabasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda, cyane cyane Umukuru wa jandarumori, Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, kandi ko yari afite uruhare rwo kunekera Serivisi ziperereza zububiligi. Muri urwo rwego, Koloneli Vincent yabonye hasigaye icyumweru kimwe ngo indege iraswe, () abasirikare bakuru batashakaga Amasezerano ya Arusha kandi ko bifuzaga kwirukana FPR ku butaka bwu Rwanda kandi ko bashoboraga gutsemba Abatutsi320 . Koloneli Marchal nawe yatangaje ko ku wa 4 Mata 1994, ko Bagosora yavuze ku mugaragaro ko umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi nkumwe mu miti ku kibazo cya politiki cyu Rwanda.: Ku kibazo cyawe kirebana nibyo Bagosora yavuze ku mugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi, nagusubiza ko nyine igihe twarimo kwiyakira kuri Hoteli Meridien ku wa 4 mata 1994, mu muhango wo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru wigihugu wa Senegali, koloneli BAGOSORA yavuze ko umuti wonyine ushoboka waba kurimbura no gutsembatsemba Abatutsi. Aya magambo yayavugiye imbere ya Jenerali DALLAIRE, Bwana KHAN, Umujyanama mu bya tekiniki wIntumwa Yihariye yUmunyamabanga Mukuru wUmuryango wAbibumbye (SRSG), nimbere ya (BOOH-BOOH) nanjye ubwanjye321 . Liyetona-Koloneli Beaudouin Jacques wari mu Rwanda mu rwego rwubutwererane mu bya gisrikare, nkumujyanama wa Koloneli Gratien Kabiligi, wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare (G3) mu Buyobozi Bukuru bwIngabo, yatanze impamvu nibisobanuro byerekana ko yemeraga adashidikanya ko ingabo zintagondwa zo mu ngabo zu Rwanda zagize uruhare mu itegurwa ryihanurwa ryindege. Abivuga muri aya magambo: Tugarutse ku ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, jye mbobona, nkigikorwa cyateguwe nabasirikare bari mu ishyaka rya CDR. (). Perezida Habyarimana yari yasabwe kutagenda. Perezida yiyemeje kugenda noneho asaba Perezida wu Burundi kumuherekeza. Jenerali Nsabimana byabaye ngombwa ko aherekeza Perezida we, mu gihe we byari biteganijwe ko agenda mu ndege ya kabiri. Jenerali Nsabimana bavuga ko yahindaga umushyitsi igihe yinjiraga mu ndege ya Perezida. () Hasigawe Ukwezi kumwe cyangwa abiri ngo indege ihanurwe nitabiriye igitaramo kwa jenerali Nsabimana ndi kumwe Na Ambasaderi wUbubiligi, Koloneli Vincent, Koloneli Marchal (UNAMIR), Koloneli Leroy, Perezida Habyarimana, Bizimana (MINADEF) nabandi basirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda. Icyo gihe, byagaragaye cyangwa ahubwo byongeye gushimangirwa ko abanyarwanda bashobora

Ubuhamya bwa Ajuda Daubie Benot, ku wa 10 Gicurasi 1994, ubushinjacyaha bwa Girsirikare, i Buruseli, mu tubanza N 02 02545 N94 C8, PV N 685 (Urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga) 320 Ubuhamya bwo ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 1995 bwatanzwe nUbugenzacyaha mu rubanza rwa gisirikare mu nyandiko-mougo n1223 yo ku wa 9 Ugushyingo 1995 Umugereka A/1 321 Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Luc Marchal ku wa 29 Ugushyingo 1995 bwakiriwe nubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare, , umugereka A/1 mu nyandiko-mvugo n1311.

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kwemera Amasezerano ya ARUSHA Bizimana, amaze kunywa ibirahure bya shampanye, yambwiye ko yiteguye gushoza urugamba, FPR niramuka itabikoze. Hasigaye Iminsi icumi mbere yihanurwa ryindege, ku wa gatanu wa nyuma wa Werurwe 1994, Koloneli Vincent yatumiye iwe Jenerali Nsabimana na Koloneli Kabirigi wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya Gisirikare ( G3), noneho mu nama bagiranye bashimangiye koARUSHA itashobokaga, ko amaherezo bazemera amatora ya huti huti kandi ko niba batsimbaraye ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya ARUSHA, byari bibashobokeye gutsemba FPR nAbatutsi kandi ibi bikaba byakorwa mu minsi itarenga cumi nitanu, kandi basaga naho ibyo bavuga babyizeye322. Amakuru yingenzi muri ubu buhamya arahuza nibyavuzwe haruguru na Kaporali wari mu ngabo zirinda Pereida wa Repubulika witwa Senkeli Salathiel, wari mu ntumwa zagiye i Dar-esSalaam ku wa 6 Mata 1994, watangaje ko Jenerali Nsabimana na Dr Akingeneye bagerageje gukwepa kwinjira no kugenda mu ndege yari itwaye Perezida wa Repubulika, kandi ko binjiye mu ndege nyuma yaho Perezida abibategekeye, ku munota wa nyuma323. Kamana Franois, nawe wari umwe mu basirikare barinda Perezida wa Repubulika, wari i Dar-es-Salaam, nawe atangaza ko yibuka ko Dr Akingeneye yashakaga kuguma i Dar-es-Salaam, ko byabaye ngombwa ko Perezida wa Repubulika amutegeka kurira indege324. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo igikorwa cyubwicanyi kigerweho. Umuntu akurikije ko mu nama yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yari amaze kwiyemeza ko namara kugaruka mu Rwanda azashyiraho inzego zinzibacyuho nkuko byari byarateganyijwe mu Masezerano yArusha, kandi ko yari yanabwiye uwari ukuriye ibiro bya Perezida Enoch Ruhigira ngo ategure ibikenewe byose kugira ngo abagize Guverinoma nabagize Inteko ishinga amategeko yinzibacyuho325 bashobore kurahira, abo mu ruhande rwe bintagondwa batemeraga icyo cyemezo bakoze ibishoboka byose ngo izo nzego zidashyirwaho. Ibyakozwe kugira ngo abasirikare bAbabirigi bave muri MINUAR Abanyapolitike nabasirikare bintagondwa za Hutu power babonaga abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR nkinzitizi ku imigambi bari bafite yo kuburizamo Amasezerano ya Arusha. Kuva muri Mutarama 1994, izo ntagondwa zatangiye ibikorwa bigaragara byo kubangamira Ababirigi kugira ngo zibatere gusubira iwabo mbere yigihe maze zishobore gushyira mu

Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Liyetona Koloneli Beaudouin Jacques ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1994 mu rubanza n02 02545 94 C8. 323 Kapoarli Senkeli Salathiel, watanze ubuhamya, i Rubavu, ku wa 28 Gashyantare 2008 324 Kaporali Kamana Franois, watanze ubuhamya i Rwamagana, ku wa 21 Nzeli 2008 1.Ubuhamya bwa Jean-Marie Vianney Mvurirwenande, Umujyanama ushinzwe itangazamakuru muri Perezidanse ya Repubulika 1992-94, wari mu nama yabakuru bibihugu i Dar-es-Salaam itariki 6 Mata 1994, yatangiye i Karongi ku itariki 13 Nzeri 2008.

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bikorwa umugambi mubisha wahishuriwe MINUAR ku itariki 10 Mutarama 1994 nuwitwa Jean Pierre wari umuntu ukomeye mu nsoresore zInterahamwe zitwaraga gisirikare.326 Ku itariki 19 Ukwakira, ubwo Koloneli Marchal yabazwaga nurukiko rwa gisirikare rwAbabirigi, yashyikirije abapererezi za ajenda ebyiri zirimo inyandiko yakoze ari mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 4 Ukuboza 1993 niya 1 Mata 1994, no kuva ku itariki ya 2 Mata kugeza ku itariki ya 10 Kamena 1994. Iyo umuntu asomye ibyanditse muri izo ajenda abona neza ko uwo mukoloneli yari azi uko izo nsoresore zabonaga Ababirigi, anabonamo kandi ibimenyetso byerekana ko umwuka mubi wagendaga wiyongera. Abapererezi bAbabirigi bakoze incamake yibyari muri izo ajenda mu buryo bukurikira ku byerekeye amagambo asebya Ababirigi: Kuva ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 94, Koloneli Marchal yerekana akaga katurukaga ku mwuka mubi wari wavutse hagati yAbabirigi nabaturage babyukaga basebya Ababirigi. Ku itariki ya 10 Mutarama 94, avuga ko imyigaragambyo yari yarabaye ku wa gatandatu washize yamaganaga abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR. Ku itariki ya 31 Mutarama, nyuma yuko abasirikare bicyiciro cya I cyabaparakomando bashyamirana numuntu ukomeye mu ishyaka rya CDR ryangaga Ababirigi, asobanura uko RTLM yavugaga nabi Ababirigi. (). Ku itariki ya 7 Gashyantare 94, Koloneli Marchal atanga ibimenyetso bisa naho byemeza ko hari abantu bakomeye bagerageza kunenga uruhare rwabasirikare bAbabirigi, abo bantu kandi bagerageza kugwiza ingorane zatuma abasirikare bAbabirigi bataha. Ku itariki ya 9 Gashyantare 94, avuga ko ambasaderi wUbubirigi yabonaga ko badakwiye kuva ku izima, impande zose zifite inshingano zo kubahiriza amasezerano ya Arusha, kandi ko kugerageza guhangana nAbabirigi binyuranyije nayo masezerano. Yerekana uruhare RTLM yagize mu gukwirakwiza urwango. .327 Ku itariki ya 7 Mutarama 1994, mu nama yarimo Jenerali Ndindiriyimana nabandi bantu bakomeye bo muri MRND, ku cyicaro gikuru cyiryo shyaka ku Kimihurura ni bwo hafashwe icyemezo cyo gukora ibikorwa byamagana Ababirigi ku mugaragaro. Muri iyo nama, hemejwe ko bagomba gukoresha uburyo bwose bagasembura Ababirigi, byumwihariko babasagarira ku mugaragaro, ibyo bikorwa bigatangira bukeye bwaho, umunsi amashyaka atavuga rumwe na Leta yagombaga kugira imyigaragambyo. Ni ko rero byagenze; ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama, abajandarume babanyarwanda babifashijwemo nabajepe ndetse nabaparakomando, bahishe intwaro hafi yaho iyo myigaragambyo yagombaga kubera, kugira ngo baze kwica abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR, maze bajya muri iyo myigaragambyo bari kumwe nInterahamwe kandi bambaye gisiviri. Ariko uwo munsi nta musirikare wumubirigi numwe wahageze, nuko uwo mugambi uburiramo.328 Nyuma yaho, hemejwe ko ikwirakwizwa ryumwuka mubi wibasira Ababirigi rigomba gukoreshwa itangazamakuru ryayoborwaga nintagondwa zabahutu bibyegera byubutegetsi,
R. Dallaire, Jai serr la main du diable, urup. 311. Inyandiko yavuye ku isuzumwa rya ajenda ya Koloneli Marchal yakozwe na Kapiteni wa Jandarumori Christian DEKONINCK bisabwe numucamanza mukuru wa gisirikare mu ibarwa n0109/95 yo ku itariki 3 Ukwakira 1995, Buruseri itariki 6 Ugushyingo 1995. 328 Inyandiko yibirego ya Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda.
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cyane cyane Kangura na RTLM. Ni bwo abatangaga ibiganiro kuri radiyo RTLM nka Georges Ruggiu, Valrie Bemeriki, Nol Hitimana, Gaspard Gahigi batukaga Ababirigi bagashishikariza abaturage ko bakwiye gufata Ababirigi nkabanzi, kimwe nabatutsi. Inyandiko ya MINUAR yo ku itariki 7 Gashyantare 1994 yakozwe na liyetena Nees ivuga ko urwango rwibasiye Ababirigi rutagarukiraga ku basirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR gusa ko ahubwo rwari muri politike yo kwibasira Ababirigi muri rusange.329 Ku itariki 27 Mutarama 1994, inzego ziperereza rya MINUAR zatangaje ko nyuma yinama yari yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cya MRND ku Kimihurura muri icyo gitondo yari mo abagize komite nyobozi yiryo shyaka na Robert Kajuga, umuyobozi mukuru wInterahamwe mu rwego rwigihugu, radiyo RTLM yanyujijeho ubutumwa mu Kinyarwanda bwoshya abaturage kugirira nabi Ababirigi. Ubwo butumwa bwagiraga buti: Abatutsi bongeye kwica abahutu babifashijwemo nabasirikare bAbabirigi. Hari ikindi se Ababirigi bamaze mu murwa mukuru wacu uretse gufasha Inkotanyi gufata ubutegetsi? Marchal na Landuald Ndasingwa baganira iki uretse kugambanira abahutu ? Tuzi ko mu basirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR harimo abicanyi, abagiranabi nabajura batoraguwe mu mihanda yi Buruseri. Benshi muri bo nta myuga bize, nta namashuri bafite. Nibahambire, ntacyo bakora mu Rwanda. Muri MINUAR harimo abantu bateye impungenge, kandi no mu Babirigi nuko. Turasaba abaturage kwibuka inshingano za bo, naho ubundi Ababirigi bazaha u Rwanda abatutsi.330 Koloneli Vincent, wari ushinzwe ubutwererane mu rwego rwa gisirikare mu Rwanda, avuga ko yasabye ubutegetsi bwu Rwanda guhagarika ayo magambo asebanya, ariko ko ntacyo byagezeho : Ni byo koko ku itariki 9 Gashyantare nagiye mu nama jye na Jenerali NSABIMANA twahamagaje, yajemo na Ambasaderi wu Bubirigi, Koloneli MARCHAL, Perezida HABYARIMANA, BIZIMANA, Minisitiri wIngabo zigihugu nabasirikare bakuru bAbanyarwanda nAbabirigi. Intego yiyo nama yari uguhosha igikorwa cya RTLM yavugaga nabi MINUAR ndetse nAbabirigi muri rusange. Iyo nama ntacyo yagezeho. Icyo Perezida wu Rwanda yavugiye muri iyo nama nuko ihame ryuburenganzira bwo kuvuga utishisha rigomba kubahirizwa .331 Liyetena Koloneli Dr. Massimo Pasuch, wakoraga ku bitaro bya gisirikare byi Kanombe mu rwego rwubutwererane bwa gisirikare, akaba yari anakuriye umushinga wubuzima mu ngabo zu Rwanda, nawe avuga ko byabonekaga ko abategetsi babanyarwanda batotezaga Ababirigi: Ntabwo numvaga RTLM kenshi. Ntabwo numvise Ruggiu, ariko nari nzi ko hari umuzungu wakwirakwizaga amagambo asebya Ababirigi. Twabibwiye ambasaderi, ajya
329 330

Raporo ya Sena yUbubiligi, op. cit. Urup. 368 Inyandiko ya MINUAR, Comd Kibat Info S3, Kigali, tariki 27 Mutarama 1994. Ingingo yingenzi : Ubutasi

Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Andr Vincent, itariki ya 9 Ugushyingo 1995, nubugenza-cyaha mu rukiko rwa gisirikare PV n1223 kuwa 09/11/95 Umugereka A/1.

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kwirebera Perezida. Perezida yamushubije ko ntacyo yabikoraho kubera ko nawe RTLM yamusebyaga. Icyo nshobora kongeraho ni uko kuri Radiyo Rwanda (ya Leta) buri kintu gikozwe cyangwa gitanzwe nabafaransa cyakuririzwaga birenze urugero kandi bigasubirwamo kenshi, naho ibintu byinshi cyane twatangaga nibikorwa bigaragara byacu byavugwaga ambasaderi agombye kubisaba. Byerekana rero ko hari ubushake bugaragara bwo gusebya Ababirigi nu Bubirigi. 332 Perezida HABYARIMANA ubwe yasabye RTLM guhagarika guharabika Ababirigi, ariko abari bakuriye iyo radiyo, Ferdinand Nahimana na Phocas Habimana banga kumwumvira. Umujyanama we mu itumanaho, Jean-Marie Vianney Mvurirwenande avuga uburyo banze : Perezida HABYARIMANA ubwe yahangayikishijwe nukuntu RTLM yakoreshwaga mu gusebya abasirikare bAbabirigi bari muri MINUAR. Anyohereza kureba Ferdinand Nahimana na Phocas Habimana bari bashinzwe iyo radiyo kugira ngo bahoshe ibyo bikorwa. Yari ambwiye ko mbibutsa ko U Bubirigi bukorana nu Rwanda kandi bukaba bukaba buruha amafaranga menshi, bityo ko atari byiza kuburakaza. Nagiye kureba Nahimana musangana na Gaspard Gahigi wari umuyobozi wishami ryamakuru. Nabwiye Nahimana ubutumwa bwa Perezida. Yaraturitse araseka aransubiza ati: genda ubwire shobuja ko mwembi muri abanyabwoba ! Twamaranye iminota irenze mirongo itatu uko twari batatu tujya impaka, baranyerurira ko ntacyo bazahindura mubyo bacisha kuri radiyo nubwo Perezida wa Repubulika atabyishimiye. Nahimana, kimwe na Bagosora, yari intagondwa ikomeye. Kandi Nahimana numwe mu bashinze ishyaka rya CDR 333. Kaporari DHeur Marc, umusirikare wUmubirigi wari muri MINUAR, avuga imyigaragambyo yibasira Ababirigi, indege iraye iri buhanurwe: Ku itariki 5 Mata 1994, nka sa ine nigice za mu gitondo ndi ku irondo mu mujyi hagati (hafi yisoko). Twabonye imyigaragambyo yamaganaga ingabo za LONI. Iyo myigaragambyo yakorwaga nabasiviri babanyarwanda bari batwaye amabendera yamashyaka ya bo nibitambaro byanditseho ibitutsi bituka LONI. Abo bantu baduteraga amabuye banatwereka ko batwanze. Mu modoka Nari kumwe numujandarume wumunyarwanda, Kaporari TOMASI. Uwo mujandarume ni we wasohotse mu modoka ajya kubahendahenda ngo bagerageze bagabanye urwango badufitiye. Yagarutse mu modoka yemeza ko iyo myigaragambyo ari twe yakorewe, ariko ntabwo yashoboye gucubya umujinya bari badufitiye .334 Abatangabuhamya bAbanyarwanda benshi, bahoze ari abajepe ndetse nabaparakomando, bavuze ko bamwe muri bo batoranywaga rwihishwa nababakuriye, Mpiranya na Ntabakuze, bakabohereza mu myigaragambyo yamashyaka ya politike bambaye gisivili boherejwe gutera
Ubuhamya bwa Pasuch Massimo muri dosiye n 02 02545 N94 CS yUmukuru wUrukiko rwa gisirikare i Buruseri, itariki ya 9 Gicurasi 1994. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Karongi, itariki 13 Nzeri 2008 . Ubuhamya Kaporali Marc DHeur yahaye urukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri, itariki 19 Gicurasi 1994, Umugereka N1 Inyandiko-mvugo 665/94 (Urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga).
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imvururu bafatanyije nInterahamwe maze bakendereza abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR babatuka ku mugaragaro banabahohotera kugira ngo barwane na bo. Aya makuru yemejwe nabajandarume babanyarwanda bari bashinzwe umutekano mu mujyi wa Kigali. Aya mageza yo kwendereza abasirikare bAbabirigi yari ayo gutuma bava mu Rwanda kugira ngo MINUAR ibure abantu babahanga ku kazi, maze bitume ingabo zu Rwanda zishobora guhangana na MINUAR. Serija Rwekaza Laurien wari umujepe kuva muri 1989 kugeza muri 1994 agira ati : Ni byo koko, abajepe bajyaga mu myigaragambyo kugira ngo bendereze abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR. Byumwihariko, ibyo byabaga igihe habaga hari imyigaragambyo yamashyaka ya MRND na CDR, komanda wikigo yatoranyaga abajepe akabohereza bagasanga Interahamwe. Jyewe ntabwo bigeze banyohereza, ariko aboherezwaga bambwiye ko komanda yababwiraga kugenzura niba hari abantu ba FPR cyangwa ibyitso byabo byihishaga muri iyo myigaragambyo. Abasirikare boherezwaga batyo bagendaga bambaye gisivili kandi bakambara imyambaro ishaje kugira ngo biyoberanye. Bahaga komanda wikigo raporo. Umurimo nkuyu, komanda yawuhaga abantu be yizera. Ntabwo yoherezaga ubonetse wese. Muri rusange, yabatoranyaga mu banyagisenyi cyangwa abanyaruhengeri. Boherezwaga no kwica abantu .335 Kaporali Jean-Baptiste Kigereke, wari umujepe kuva muri 1985 kugeza muri 1994, atera mu buhamya bwa Rwekaza anasobanura bimwe mu byihariye byakorwaga nabajepe, hari mo no kurwanya MINUAR : Abajepe bari bagizwe nimitwe ine, umwe uri mo abantu bageze kuri 200. Aboherezwaga hanze gukora ibintu bitazwi neza bavaga mu mutwe wa kane bari barahimbye Etat-major ariko izina ryabo nyakuri ryari umutwe urengera kandi urinda Perezida ukaba ari wo babonaga usumba iyindi. Abarindaga Perezida ni ho bavaga ndetse nabasirikare banekaga ibiba hanze yikigo ya bo. Abari badukuriye ntabwo bakundaga MINUAR. Ndibuka rimwe Jenerali Dallaire asaba Mpiranya uruhushya rwo kuganira nabajepe, ariko Mpiranya akamwangira burundu . Iyo abo basirikare basohokaga, bagendaga bambaye gisivili kandi bitwaje masotera. Akazi kabo kari ako kwangiriza Ababirigi ariko ntibagire icyo bakora ku Bafaransa. Nzi neza ko akazi kabo bantu kari ako kurushya Ababirigi, cyane cyane bihishe inyuma yimyigaragambyo yimitwe yamashyaka ya politike. Mu ijoro ryitariki 6 Mata, ibikorwa byihariye byiciwemo abantu byagizwe numutwe wa Etat-major wategekwaga na Majoro Mudacumura yungirijwe ka Serija Etienne Rurikujisho wavaga ku Gisenyi. Abasirikare bo muri uyu mutwe ni bo bazanye umusaza wumucamanza Kavaruganda mu kigo. Jyewe ubwanjye nabonye Kavaruganda ku irembo ryikigo uwo mugoroba. Abasirikare bamushyikirije serija majoro Ndererimana na serija Rurikujisho aba ari bo bategeka ko yicwa. Abo bazanaga mu nkambi yabajepe

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Ubuhamya bwa Serija Laurien Rwekaza, i Ngoma, tariki 9 Nyakanga 2008.

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bashyikirizwaga Rurikujisho wabagaraguraga yarangiza agategeka ko bicirwa mu ishyamba ryikigo imbere yo mu Rugando .336 Serija Emmanuel Iyamuremye, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1989 kugeza muri 1994 avuga ko akazi ko gusembura Ababirigi kari karahawe abasirikare bo mu mutwe witwaga CRAP yo muri batayo parakomando yigishwaga na komanda Grgoire De Saint-Quentin wumufaransa: Bamwe muri twe boherezwaga gukora irondo bambaye gisivili kandi bitwaje masotera. Kari akazi kadasanzwe, ntabwo kahabwaga ubonetse wese, rimwe na rimwe bagenzi ba bo ntibashoboraga kumenya uwoherejwe kuri ako kazi. Abo mu mutwe wa CRAP ni bo boherezwaga cyane cyane. Babahaga amafaranga kugira ngo bashobore kugura inzoga mu tubari mu mujyi, bambaye gisivili, cyangwa bakajya mu myigaragambyo yamashyaka ya politike. Abo basirikare bambaye gisivili bagombaga kugenzura imikorere yAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR no kumva ibyo bavuga kubera ko bafatwaga nkabantu ba FPR 337. Serija majoro Emmanuel Munyaneza, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1974 kugeza muri 1994 yemeza ibyavuzwe mu buhamya tumaze kubona ko abajepe bajyaga muri za mitingi zamashyaka ya politike bajyanywe no kwendereza Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR: Abajepe nabaparakomando bajyaga gutera ubwoba Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR. Bajyanwaga no kumva no gufata amajwi yibivugwa mu myigaragambyo, no kwendereza abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR kugira ngo nibagira icyo bakora barwane. Abasirikare boherezwaga bahaga komanda wikigo raporo, na we akayohereza mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika no mu biro bikuru bya gisirikare. Bagosora na Ntabakuze bari mu bateguraga ibyo bikorwa .338 Uko gusembura Ababirigi kwagaragaye byumwihariko nyuma yihanurwa ryindege Falcon 50, igihe byavuzwe ku mugaragaro ko ari bo bayihanuye. Iyo nkuru nta kindi yari igamije uretse gushishikariza abasirikare nabayoboke ba Hutu power gutoteza Ababirigi kugira ngo bave muri MINUAR. Alphonse Muganga, wari umujepe kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, yavuze ko mu kanya kakurikiye ihanurwa ryindege haje ubutumwa buturutse mu basirikare barinze urugo rwa

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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kayonza, itariki 15 Nyakanga 2008.

Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kigali, itariki 11 Kanama 2008. Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 10 Nyakanga 2008. Reba nubuhamya bwa Sajenti Meja Etienne Kwizera wari ushinzwe radiyo ya Jepe kuva muri 1982 kugeza muri 1994, bwatangiwe I Musanze ku itariki 22 Nyakanga 2008 ; Kaporali Jean Baptiste Kigereke, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1985 kugeza muri 1994, i Kayonza itariki 15 Nyakanga 2008; Anastase Ntwarane wari umujepe kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, i Ngoma itariki 3 Nyakanga 2008 ; Kaporali Alphonse Muganga, wari umujepe kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, I Gicumbi ku itariki 19 Nzeri 2008; Kaporali Evariste Mwongereza, wari umujepe kuva muri 1989 kugeza muri 1994, i Muhanga, itariki 12 Nzeri 2008 ; Gonzague Habimana, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1987 kugeza muri 1994, i Muhanga itariki 7 Kanama 2008 ; Kaporali Claver Bizimana, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1992 kugeza muri 1994, ku Gisagara, itariki 20 Kanama 2008 ; Kaporali Jean-Marie-Vianney Hagenimana, wo mu butasi bwa gisirikare G2 kuva muri 1990 kugeza muri 1994, i Gatsibo ku itariki ya 1 Kanama 2008.
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Perezida bwoherezwa mu bandi bajepe buvuga ko Perezida amaze kwicwa nAbabirigi kandi ko Majoro Mpiranya amaze kohereza abasirikare i Masaka aho indege yarasiwe.339 Serija Corneille Muhutu, wari umuforomo mu ngabo zu Rwanda kuva muri 1980, akaba numujepe kuva muri 1991 kugeza muri 1994, yemeje ko mu mugoroba witariki 6 Mata 1994, yumvise bagenzi be bavuga ko abasirikare baba Bangladeshi bo muri MINUAR bafashe Ababirigi bavugwagaho ko bagize uruhare mu ihanura ryindege ya Perezida.340 Jean Rukundo, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1983 kugeza muri 1994 nawe avuga nkibyo ko mu gitondo cyo ku wa 7 Mata abapolisi ba gisirikare ba MINUAR bagizwe nabasirikare baba-Bangladeshi bafashe bamwe muri bagenzi ba bo bAbabirigi bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ryindege, babajyana muri Camp Kigali, aho biciwe nyuma.341 Ubu buhamya bwose hamwe bugaragaza ko ibyo Ababirigi baregwaga byari byahimbwe nabasirikare bu Rwanda nkamayeri yo kugabanya ingufu za MINUAR kugira ngo bashobore guhirika Leta. Imyiteguro yigikorwa mu minsi yegereye ihanurwa ryindege Inonosora rya gahunda yo guhanura indege, nishakwa ryibya ngombwa bizayishyira mu bikorwa ryageze mu cyiciro cya nyuma mu minsi ya mbere ya Mata, nyuma yinama yabereye ku Gisenyi aho Habyarimana yemeje ko gushyiraho inzego zubutegetsi zinzibacyuho bidashobora kuvuguruzwa. Ku itariki ya 30 Werurwe 1994, Bagosora yari yagiye iwe ku Gisenyi mu kiruhuko cyiminsi mike; ku itariki 2 Mata 1994, yagiye mu nama yabereye mu rugo rwa Perezida i Butotori ku nkengero zikiyaga cya Kivu. Iyo nama yahuje Perezida Habyarimana, Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh, wari uhagarariye LONI mu Rwanda, nabakuru ba MRND bari mo Umunyamabanga wayo mukuru Joseph Nzirorera.342 Ku itariki ya 4 Mata 1994, wari umunsi wikiruhuko mu Rwanda, nta kintu gikomeye cyari gihari cyagombaga guhagarika ikiruhuko cye, Koloneli Bagosora yasubiye iwe i Kigali huti huti, atangira kuvugana nabantu bo hejuru benshi343. Jean-Berchmans Birara yavuze, ashingiye ku byo yabwiwe nabasirikare bo hejuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda, ko Bagosora yagarutse i Kigali kugira ngo anonosore imyiteguro yo kwica umukuru wigihugu : Itariki ya 4 Mata 1994, kuwa mbere wa Pasika, Koloneli RUSATIRA, wari umunyamabanga muri minisiteri yingabo imyaka 15, nyuma akaba Diregiteri wishuri rikuru rya gisirikar asimbuye BUREGEYA, yaje iwanjye saa sita. Yambwiye ko Perezida amaze guha Enock RUHIGIRA, ukuriye ibiro bye, amabwiriza yo gutegura ibikenewe byose byo kurahiza abadepite na Guverinoma avuye ARUSHA. Iwabo wumugore we nabasirikare bakuru babimenye bahamagaje BAGOSORA ari mu biruhuko ku Gisenyi : yageze i Kigali ku itariki ya 5 Mata 1994 nimugoroba. Ni we wafashe icyemezo cyo
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Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Gicumbi, itariki ya 19 Nzeri 2008. Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Rubavu, itariki ya 16 Gicurasi 2008. Ubuhamya bwatangiwe i Kigali, itariki ya 22 Gicurasi 2008. Vnuste Nshimiyimana, Prlude du gnocide rwandais. Enqute sur les circonstances politiques et militaires du meurtre du Prsident Habyarimana , Bruxelles, Quorum, 1995, urup.37-38. Human Rights Watch, Aucun Tmoin,urup.216

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guhanura indege ya Perezida no kugarura SERUBUGA, BUREGEYA na RWAGAFIRITA (abasirikare bakuru batatu batari bishimye). Mu munsi mukuru wabereye mu banyaetiyopiya cyangwa mu banyamisiri, yatangaje ko atemera ko Perezida ajya Dar-esSalaam, kandi ko naramuka agiye yo, azagira ingorane .344 Imyiteguro yo guhanura indege yaranzwe nibikorwa bibitegura bigaragara birimo byumwihariko kubuza MINUAR ku ngufu kugera mu duce tumwe na tumwe, kuremuza isoko ryo ku Mulindi isaha zitaragera kugira ngo hatagira abantu bashobora kugira ibyo babona mu bice bya Kanombe-Mulindi-Nyarugunga, guhamagarira imitwe yihariye yo mu ngabo zu Rwanda kuryamira amajanja Abasirikare ba MINUAR babuzwa kwinjira mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mbere yihanurwa ryindege Ubuhamya bwatanzwe bugaragaza ihinduka ridafite impamvu ryuburenganzira MINUAR yari ifite bwo kugenzura ibigo bya gisirikare byu Rwanda. Ubusanzwe, nta ngorane MINUAR yagiraga zo kwinjira mu bigo bya gisirikare ikagenzura nkuko yari isanzwe ibikora, ariko kuva ku munsi wa 5 Mata 1994, ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwikigo cya Kanombe bwategetse ko abasirikare ba MINUAR batemererwa kwinjira. Serija Yves Tessier, umusirikare wumubirigi muri MINUAR wari ushinzwe umutekano mu gace ka Kanombe, harimo ikibuga cyindege, urugo rwa Perezida, ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe, atanga ubuhamya ku rupfu rwabasirikare cumi bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR, yavuze ko kuva ku itariki 5 Mata 1994, MINUAR yabujijwe, nta gisobanuro gitanzwe, kwinjira mu bice byegereye ikigo cyabasirikare cyi Kanombe: Mu Rwanda, ubusanzwe nari nkuriye igice cya 2 cya 1Pl (1.2). Nari mu mutwe wa ALPHA, wari ukuriwe na Kapiteni VANDRIESCHE. Nari nkambitse kuri TOP GUN. Akazi kacu kari ako kurinda TOP GUN, guherekeza Minisitiri GAZANA (twitaga Spray, mu mvugo ya gisirikare), kugenda irondo no kurinda ikibuga cyindege.

Ku itariki 5 nimugoroba, twagombaga kugenda irondo mu gace kacu kuva saa mbiri kugeza saa ine. Agace umutwe wacu wagombaga kurinda kari mu majyaruguru yuburasirazuba bwikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Kahanaga imbibi nikigo. Ni twe twenyine twagombaga kugenda irondo aho ngaho. Ubu buryo bwatumaga twegera abaturage bityo tugashobora kuneka byinshi. Kugeza ku itariki 5, ibintu byagendaga neza kandi twumvikana nabaturage. Kimwe mu byo twari dushinzwe kwari ukumenya aho inzu ya Perezida HABYARIMANA iherereye. Mu byukuri, umuhanda umwe gusa ni wo ujya kuri iyo nzu. Ni umuhanda wa kaburimbo,
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Jean Birara ku itariki 26 Gicurasi 1994, urukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri nIncamake yubuhamya bwa Jean Birara yahawe iperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe numucamanza Damien Vandermeersch ryakorewe mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 5 kugeza ku ya 24 Kamena 1995.
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unyura mu nkengero zikibuga cyindege cya KIGALI mu majyaruguru, ugaca imbere yirembo ryikigo cyi KANOMBE, ukarangirira imbere yo kwa Perezida. Ubusanzwe twari dusanzwe tunyura muri uwo muhanda nta kibazo. Kuva ku irembo ryikigo kugera ku irembo ry iyo nzu ni nka metero magana atatu. Igihe cyose kwa Perezida habaga hari abajepe baharinze.

Ku itariki 5 nimugoroba, nka saa mbiri nigice, twafashe uko bisanzwe uwo muhanda ujya ku nzu ya Perezida ni KANOMBE. Tugeze aho uruzitiro rwikigo cya KANOMBE rutangirira, tuhasanga bariyeri. Ubwo ni itariki ya 5 Mata, saa mbiri nigice. Twahagaritswe nabasirikare bu Rwanda bagera ku icumi bitwaje imbunda. Mu muhanda hari hatambitse ibyuma byimambo. Abo basirikare banze ko duhita, ubona barubiye, ntitwashobora kugira icyo twumvikanaho. Badusabye gusubira inyuma kubera ko turi ahantu hagenewe abasirikare gusa. Nahisemo kuzenguruka nciye iyamajyaruguru mu muhanda wibitaka, hanyuma tugenda tugana ku irembo ryikigo cya KANOMBE. Muri uwo muhanda nta kibazo twagize. Icyo twabonye nuko mu mudugudu wa KANOMBE hari abasivili benshi. Reka nsobanure ko umudugudu wa KANOMBE ari ahantu higisirikare hatuwe nabasirikare bo mu kigo cyo hafi aho. Tugeze ku irembo ryagace ka gisirikare dusanga iryo rembo rifunzwe nabantu bitwaje intwaro. Hari hashinze umuzinga, utunze hanze yikigo. Iruhande rwawo hashinze za mitarayeze. Imyobo yabarashi yarimo abantu. Nta nakanya twabonye ko kuvugana nabanyarwanda, baduciriye amarenga batubwira ngo tuhave. Ibi nabibwiye kapitene VANDRIESCHE muri raporo yirondo. Ntabwo nzi icyo iyo raporo yatanze, ariko [Cmd Cie] yoherezwa buri munsi muri Ops (S3 Kapitene CHOFFRAY) .345 Umuserija wUumunyarwanda wo muri batayo ya parakomando witwa Emmanuel Iyamuremye yavuze ko yari mu mutwe warindaga irembo ryikigo cya gisirikare cyi Kanombe ku manywa itariki ya 6 Mata 1994. Uwo munsi, komanda wiyo nkambi, Koloneli Flicien Muberuka, yabategetse kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mu kigo: Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, ku manywa, hari abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR baje i Kanombe bashaka kwinjira mu kigo. Bari basanzwe baza kugenzura intwaro dufite uko zingana, kandi ni bo bari bafite imfunguzo zububiko bwintwaro. Ariko uwo munsi twababujije kwinjira kubera ko komanda wikigo yabasirikare yi Kanombe, koloneli Muberuka, yari yaduhaye amabwiriza yo kutareka abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR ngo binjire mu kigo . Baje nka saa sita zamanywa, bahatiriza inshuro nkicumi bashaka kwinjira, ariko kuko itegeko ryari ryavuye ku badukuriye, ntabwo twashoboraga kurirengaho. Baje inshuro nyinshi, ariko abasirikare babanyarwanda bari barinze irembo ryikigo barabahakanira
Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na serija Yves TESSIER, ku itariki ya 1 Kamena 1994, Iyumva ryabatangabuhamya n 765/94 ryo mu rwego rwinkiko rwi Buruseri.
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kubera ko Koloneli Muberuka yari yabibategetse. Ubusanzwe, abasirikare bo muri MINUAR bAbabirigi cyangwa abandi, binjiraga mu kigo cyi Kanombe nta nkomyi, ariko uwo munsi hari itegeko ribabuza kwinjira. Abafaransa bonyine ni bo bashoboraga kwinjira no gusohoka uwo munsi, Ababirigi bo muri MINUAR ntibashoboye kwinjira. 346 Serija Pascal Ngirumpatse wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, nawe niko abivuga : Itariki 5 Mata, abasirikare barindaga ikigo ya gisirikare bahawe itegeko ryo kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mi nkambi. Ubusanzwe, abakuru bacu ntibavugaga beruye, ariko uwo munsi babisobanuye neza batanga iryo tegeko ribuza MINUAR kwinjira igakora ubugenzuzi yari isanzwe ikora. Hari intwaro zasohorwaga mu nkambi bakazijyana gukwirakwizwa mu Nterahamwe hanze; birashoboka ko iyo yaba ariyo mpamvu iryo tegeko ryari ryatanzwe .347 Serija Viateur Harindintwali wo muri batayo L.A.A. kuva muri 1986 kugeza muri 1994 na we ni ko yavuze : Ndibuka ko kuva ku itariki 4 kugeza ku itariki 6, bagenzi banjye bambwiye ko abasirikare ba MINUAR bagerageje kwinjira mu nkambi ya Kanombe ariko abasirikare barindaga irembo ryingenzi ryikigo barababuza. Ni abasirikare babaparakomando babikoze. Sinzi impamvu yatumye bahabwa itegeko ryo kwirukana MINUAR, ariko nzi nezo ko ari abaparakomando birukanye MINUAR .348 Kaporali Roger Turinumukiza, wumuparakomando kuva muri 1990 kugeza muri 1994, yemeje ko yumvise bagenzi be bavuga ko MINUAR yagerageje kwinjira mu nkambi yi Kanombe hagati yitariki 5 nitariki 6 Mata, ariko abasirikare bu Rwanda bakayangira .349 Uko kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mu nkambi ya gisirikare yi Kanombe itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ku manywa kuratangaje ku buryo bwinshi. Icya mbere inshingano za MINUAR zari zemewe nabarwanaga, FAR na FPR zari ukubungabunga umutekano wari ukenewe kugira ngo inzego zinziba-cyuho zishobore gushyirwaho no gukora, bityo ikaba yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura ahantu hose nta nkomyi. Ikindi, kugira ngo ishobore kuzuza izo nshingano, MINUAR yakoraga imirimo yihariye buri munsi, kandi impande zombi zari zarabibwiwe. Iyo mirimo yarimo kugenzura intwaro nibikoresho bya gisirikare byimpande zombi zarwanaga. Kubera ibi, MINUAR yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura intwaro ishyizeho za bariyeri, ihagarika kandi igasaka, ikanakora amarondo aho byari byemewe nimpande zombi.350 Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, uko kubuza MINUAR kwinjira mu nkambi ya Kanombe kwabanjirijwe no guhishwa kwibitwaro bya rutura kugira ngo MINUAR itabibona ikabifata. Abantu benshi bahoze mu ngabo za kera bavuze ko igihe MINUAR ifata icyemezo cyo kugumana imfunguzo zububiko bwintwaro zabo, abakuriye ingabo zu Rwanda akenshi berekaga MINUAR intwaro ntoya, naho intwaro za rutura nyinshi bakazihisha mu mashyamba

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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali ku itariki 11 Kanama 2008 . Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite muri Nyaruguru ku itariki 15 Ukwakira 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite mu Ruhango ku itariki 23 Ukwakira 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite mu Ngororero, itariki 26 Nzeri 2008. KIBAT, Chronique 6 avril-19 avril 1994, p.1

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yikigo cya gisirikare cyi Gako na Gabiro, mu nkengero zikigo ya jandarumeri ya Kacyiru, i Gitarama, mu rugo rwa Perezida i Rambura351 nahandi. Intwaro zabajepe zahunikwaga mu cyobo cyari cyarabyubakiwe mu nkambi352 ya bo. Umuntu rero yakwibaza icyatumye ingabo zu Rwanda zibuza MINUAR gukora umurimo wa yo wo kugenzura, mu nkambi ya gisirikare yi Kanombe hasigaye amasaha make ngo indege ihanurwe, ikindi umuntu ashobora gutekereza nuko icyatumye bahisha intwaro za rutura ari uko hari igikorwa ingabo zu Rwanda ziteguraga.

Gucunga no guhindura mu buryo butunguranye itumanaho rya gisirikare

Ubuhamya bwatanzwe nabahoze ari abasirikare bu Rwanda bwemeza ko hari ibyahindutse bidasanzwe mu gitondo cyitariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ku mirongo yavugirwagaho nitumanaho ryingabo zu Rwanda, hasigara havugirwaho abantu bake bindobanure. Gatan Kayitare, wahoze ari umuparakomando wari warakomerekeye mu mpanuka yimodoka yari yaroherejwe mu ishami ryubuvuzi mu nkambi yi Kanombe kandi anahatuye. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 mu gitondo Kayitare yabonye ibiterane bidasanzwe byabasirikare benshi kuri kaburimbo yari imbere yinyubako zishami ryubuvuzi. Yagize amatsiko ajya kubaza Claver Kamana, incuti ye yari ishinzwe ibyuma byitumanaho. Kamana yabwiye Kayitare ko ibintu byahindutse, ko nimirongo yitumanaho yakoreshwaga nabakozi babishinzwe bingabo zu Rwanda yahinduwe: Ndibuka ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata mu gitondo, ubanza hari ku wa gatatu, Perezida yari yagiye Dar-es-Salaam. Hari nka saa mbiri, impuruza yaravuze maze mu kanya kakurikiyeho mbona abasirikare benshi bambaye simoko bateraniye kuri kaburimbo imbere yinyubako zishami ryubuvuzi. Ntabwo byari ibintu bisanzwe kubona abasirikare benshi baza guteranira ahantu hagenewe abarwayi ninkomere zintambara . Nagize amatsiko njya kubaza Claver Kamana, wari ushinzwe radiyo. Twari dusanzwe tubaza abashinzwe radiyo kubera ko ari bo babonaga amakuru ava mu bakuru bingabo bakayakwirakwiza mu nkambi za gisirikare cyangwa mu mitwe bigenewe. Abashinzwe radiyo bari bazi amakuru menshi kandi akazi kabo mu gisirikare kahabwaga abasirikare bizerwa cyane nubutegetsi bwa gisirikare. Kamana yari inshuti yanjye. Mubajije ambwira ko ibintu byahindutse ariko ntiyansobanurira uburyo byahindutsemo. Yampaye urugero rwimpinduka ambwira ko mu itumanaho ryingabo zu Rwanda, imirongo ivugirwaho yahinduwe mu gitondo cyitariki 6 Mata. Yansobanuriye ko
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Ubuhamya bwa Serija Samuel Kwitonda bwatangiwe i Kigali itariki 3 Mata 2008; ubwa Kaporali Henri Gasasira bwatangiwe muri Nyamagabe itariki 30 Kamena 2008; ubwa kaporali Jean-Marie Vianney Bazambanza, wari umuparakomando kuva muri 1988 kugeza muri 1994, bwatangiwe muri Nyamagabe itariki 23 Kanama 2008 ; ubwa Kaporali Balthazar Nsengiyumva, bwatangiwe Ngoma itariki 10 Nyakanga 2008.
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Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Franois Kamana, wari umwe mu barinzi bibyegera ba Perezida Habyarimana kuva mu wa 1976 kugeza mu wa 1994, bwatangiwe i Rwamagana itariki 21 Nzeri 2008.

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ubusanzwe, abashinzwe radiyo mu bice byinshi bya gisirikare bashoboraga kuvugana bakanatumanaho mu buryo butaziguye. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, Kamana yambwiye ko abashinzwe radiyo bahawe amabwiriza mashya, kandi ko imirongo yitumanaho bakoreshaga kuri radiyo zituma nizakira yahinditse. Ko kuva uwo munsi abashinzwe radiyo badashobora gutumanaho mu buryo butaziguye. Bagomba gucisha ubutumwa mu butegetsi bukuru bwa gisirikare. Kuva ku itariki ya 6 Mata, abashinzwe radiyo ntabwo bari bazi imirongo bagenzi babo bavugiragaho, nkuko byari bimeze mbere .353

Serija Pierre Ngabonziza wari ushinzwe radiyo muri kompanyi yitumanaho mu nkambi ya gisirikare i Kanombe kuva muri 1987 kugera muri 1994 yemeje ubuhamya bwa kaporari Gatan Kayitare yongeraho ko ihindura ryimirongo ivugirwaho ku bikoresho byitumanaho mu bice binyuranye byingabo zu Rwanda ryazanywe nabigisha babafaransa kuva ku gihe cya Norot muri 1990, bamaze gusanga ko FPR yashoboraga kumva ibyo batumanagaho. Ni bwo abafaransa bigishije ingabo zu Rwanda uburyo bwo guhindura kenshi imirongo yitumanaho, cyane cyane igihe amabwiriza mashya yagombaga kohererezwa hirya no hino mu ngabo, bigatuma kuyumva bigorana.354 Liyetena Selathiel Makuza, wari umusirikare muri batayo LAA muri 1994 yavuze ko imirongo radiyo yavugiragaho yahindutse atabizi, hasigaye nkiminsi ibiri ngo indege ihanurwe, hanyuma umurongo yavugiragaho mbere ugaruka ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ku manywa.355 Twongereho kandi ko Koloneli Bagosora yari afite uburyo bwihariye bwitumanaho yashoboraga gukoresha akavugana na komanda wabajepe, wabaparakomando nuwintasi kandi ntihagire indi radiyo ishobora kumwumva, ni bwo buryo yakoresheje byumwihariko mu nama yakoresheje mu ijoro ryuwa 6 Mata 1994. Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi avuga ko : Nyuma twaje kumenya ko BAGOSORA yari afite radiyo ye bwite, iruhande rwa radiyo yabasirikare isanzwe. Yashoboraga kuvugana nabajepe, nabaparakomando ndetse na batayo yintasi mu buryo mbonera. Agomba kuba yarakoresheje ubwo buryo aha iyo mitwe amategeko abakuru bingabo batabizi .356 Ikindi kandi twavuga nuko abajepe bari bafite radiyo yihariye yitwaga station directrice [sitasiyo iyobora] yatumaga batumanaho na Falcon 50 batagombye kunyura ku munara uyobora indege. Iyo radiyo yatumaga abakuriye abajepe bavugana nindege yumukuru wigihugu, bigatuma abo bajepe bamenya aho Falcon 50 igeze igihe cyose, nigihe iribugerere hasi, mbere yuko ivugana numunara witumanaho.

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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali ku itariki 25 Kamena 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Musanze ku itariki 19 Kamena 2008.

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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu ku itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi mu rwego rwiperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe numucamanza Damien Vandermeersh, ryakorewe i Kigali, itariki 16 Kamena 1995.
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Elias Ngarambe, wari umujepe kuva mu wa 1981 kugeza mu wa 1994, yemeza ko iryo tumanaho mbonera ryabagaho: Hari inzu bitaga Maison de scurit [Inzu yumutekano] yari mu rugo rwa Perezida mu Kiyovu. Iyo nzu yarimo ibikoresho byatumaga umuntu avugana nindege mu buryo mbonera. Abasirikare binzobere mu itumanaho babaga bahari igihe cyose. Bari bafite imirongo bavuganiragaho nindege, ariko nta murongo witumanaho bari bafitanye numunara witumanaho 357. Franois Kamana, warindaga Perezida wa Repubulika kuva aho umutwe wabajepe washyiriweho muri 1976, kandi wari kumwe na Perezida Habyarimana i Dar-es-Salaam itariki 6 Mata 1994, asobanura uko itumanaho ryakorerwaga mu ndege hagati ya Perezida nabakuru babajepe basigaye mu Rwanda: Ndi umwe mu bambere bagiye mu bajepe kandi bashoboye gukurikirana ibintu uko byagiye bigenda kose. Kenshi noherezwaga mu mirimo ikomeye kandi inshuro nyinshi nari nshinzwe umutekano wa Perezida numuryango we. Nagiye kenshi mu mahanga mperekeje Perezida kandi twari kumwe i Dar-es-Salaam. Nari kumwe nintumwa zagiye ku itariki 3 Mata. Mbabwiye ko Perezida Habyarimana yabanzaga kuvugana nabajepe mbere yo kuvugana nabo mu munara witumanaho. Muri rusange, niwe ubwe wabikoraga, cyangwa umusirikare we wicyegera Majoro Bagaragaza. Babwiraga komanda wabajepe Falcon 50 imaze kwinjira mu kirere cyu Rwanda bakamubwira aho igeze, bakanamubwira igihe yitegura kugwa ku kibuga cyi Kanombe. Ndanibuka ko indege ijya kuva Dar-es-Salaam, ikiri kuri kaburimbo, Majoro Bagaragaza yabwiye abakuru babajepe bari basigaye i Kigali isaha indege iri buvire Dar-es-Salaam. Nibwira ko yavuganye na Majoro Protais Mpiranya, komanda wikigo cyabajepe. Kubera ko nari mfite uburambe ku kazi, abantu bose baranyizeraga, bigatuma ndusha bagenzi banjye babajepe kumenya amakuru mensh. i358. Ikindi kandi, radiyo yo mu rugo rwa Perezida, nikigo cyabajepe yo ku Kimihurura, byashoboraga kuvugisha izindi nkambi za gisirikare, ariko izo nkambi ntizishobore kuvugisha aho hombi: Majoro Mpiranya yari komanda wabajepe. Yategekwaga na Minisitiri wingabo. Yari afite radiyo itagengwa nubutegetsi bwingabo zigihugu. Mu rugo rwa Perezida mu Kiyovu hari ishami ryabajepe ; ryari ribitsemo imbunda namasasu. Perezida ntabwo yongeye kuhatura amaze kubaka urugo rwe i Kanombe. Intambara imaze gutangira, abajepe ni ho bavanaga imbunda namasasu. Hari na radiyo abajepe bavuganiragaho bakanavugana na batayo yintasi. Abajepe bashoboraga guhamagara nandi mashami yingabo, ariko ayo mashami ntiyashoboraga guhamagara abajepe. Ikindi kandi, mu rugo rwa Perezida rwo mu Kiyovu hari za modoka zimitamenwa zifite za radiyo359 .
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Ubuhamya bwa Ngarambe Alias, bwatangiwe Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 9 Gicurasi 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rwamagana ku itariki 21 Nzeri 2008.

Ubuhamya bwa Jean Turatsinze, wahoze ari umusirikare mu ngabo zu Rwanda bwatangiwe i Kigali itariki 9 Ukwakira 1995, mu rwego rwiperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe numucamanza Damien Vandermeersch, Ubuhamya n 0370 Dosiye n 57/95.994,

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Ikigo cyabajepe igihe cyose cyashoboraga kuvugana na Station directrice [sitasiyo iyobora] yo mu Kiyovu kandi bashoboraga kuvugana igihe icyo ari cyo cyose nta yindi radiyo baciyeho. Abatangabuhamya kandi bavuze ko abantu bakoraga muri iryo tumanaho batoranywaga mu bantu Protais Mpiranya cyangwa uwo yasimbuye Lonard Nkundiye360 bizeraga cyane. Birashoboka rero ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 nimugoroba, komanda wabajepe, Protais Mpiranya yakoresheje uburyo yari afite aha koloneli Bagosora amakuru yose ku rugendo rwa Falcon 50 nkuko abatwaraga iyo ndege babimubwiraga. Majoro Protais Mpiranya yari umwe mu ntagondwa zikomeye zitashakaga Amasezerano ya Arusha, kimwe na mugenzi we Aloys Ntabakuze wo muri batayo parakomando. Ikindi, Majoro Mpiranya yafatanyije cyane na Bagosora mu guhirika Leta kwabaye ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, igihe yatangaga abasirikare bari mu bikorwa byabaye mbere na nyuma yuko Falcon 50 ihanurwa.

Iremuzwa ku ngufu ryisoko ryo ku Mulindi, hafi yi Kanombe

Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ku manywa, ikintu gitangaje cyabaye ku maduka yo ku Mulindi, iruhande rwi Kanombe. Mu byukuri buri wa gatatu wa mbere wukwezi, ku Mulindi haberaga Isoko rikuru bitaga Igiterane hakazamo abantu baturutse mu turere tunyuranye twigihugu. Iryo Soko rinini ryagengwaga namategeko yihariye abantu bari bamenyereye, cyane cyane amasaha ryaremaga. Isoko risanzwe ryaremaga buri wa gatatu ryafungwaga nabapolisi bumujyi saa kumi nimwe, ariko Isoko rinini ryabaga rimwe mu kwezi, byari akamenyero ko barireka rikiremura ubwa ryo. Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, hagati ya saa munani na sa cyenda zamanywa abajepe nabo mu kigo cya Kanombe, bamwe bambaye gisiviri, biroshye mu Isoko rinini bararisesa nubukana bwinshi, bategeka abacuruzi nabaririmo bose guhambira ibyabo bagataha iwabo mbere yamasaha asanzwe yiremura. Babwiye abacuruzi gufunga amaduka yabo nabaturage kwirinda kugendagenda mu mihanda ya hafi aho nimugoroba. Niyo mpamvu yatumye, igihe indege ihanurwa, abaturage benshi bi Masaka, Kanombe na Rusororo bari mu mazu yabo. Abandi barebaga umupira wigikombe cyisi kuri televiziyo wabereye muri Leta zunze ubumwe zAmerika. Serija Emmanuel Munyaneza avuga ati : Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, nagiye mu isoko ryo ku Mulindi. Wari umunsi w Isoko rinini . Nahageze nka saa munani. Isoko ryari rikiri mo, ariko bari batangiye kwirukana abantu, bababwira guhambira ibintu byabo. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe. Ubundi iryo soko ryararemaga kugeza nimugoroba, nyuma ya saa kumi nebyiri, nta kibazo. Hari nubwo ryagezaga saa moja zijoro. Ntabwo nzi neza abantu basheshe iryo soko. Nabonye bambaye gisiviri. Bashobora kuba bari Interahamwe kuko muri bo nashoboye kumenya uwitwa Niyonzima wari umucuruzi wo ku Mulindi, akaba numukuru wInterahamwe.

Ubuhamya bwa Andr Nzarora, wari umujepe mu 1976 kugera mu 1994, ashinzwe itumanaho, bwatangiwe i Musanze ku itariki 13 Gicurasi 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 8 Nyakanga 2008.

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Biranashoboka ko bari abasirikare, kuko kenshi byari biruhije gutandukanya abasirikare nabasiviri, kubera ko abasirikare bari ku kazi biyoberanyaga bakambara gisiviri361 . Aloys Uwimana wari ufite iduka ku isoko ryo ku Mulindi agira ati : Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, nacururizaga ku Mulindi. Hari umunsi wIsoko rikuru, ryaremaga rimwe na rimwe rikageza saa mbiri zijoro nta kibazo. Icyantangaje cyane, kandi nkaba numva ko gifite isano nihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, nuko uwo munsi ku itariki ya 6 Mata, bitarigeze biba, abasirikare bavuye mu kigo iwabo i Kanombe bagasesa isoko, hari saa tanu cyangwa saa sita Abantu bibajije icyabaye hanyuma haza igihuha cyavuzwe nabantu benshi ko uburakari bwabasirikare bwatewe nuko ngo uwo munsi Bagosora yaba yaraje ku mucuruzi winzoga na fanta witwa Niyonzima maze agakubita uwitwa Vital, amaze kumenya ko akomoka mu Nduga. Nigihuha nari numvise, kimeze nkaho cyasobanuraga impamvu abasirikare birukanaga abantu hakiri kare, kandi bitari bisanzwe biba. Ntabwo nabonye Bagosora ubwanjye, ariko abantu bavuze ko yari kwa Niyonzima, ku Mulindi. Ariko nabonye abasirikare birukana abantu mu isoko, rimwe na rimwe bakoresha ingufu nyinshi. Navuye ku Mulindi nka saa sita nigice, ntaha i Kabuga.362 . Silas Ntamahungiro yacuruzaga ibiribwa i Kabuga, yari yagiye mu isoko ryo ku Mulindi ku itariki 6 Mata 1994. Kimwe nabatangabuhamya bamaze kuvuga, Ntamahungiro yabonye ukuntu Isoko rinini ryasheshwe nabasirikare igihe cyaryo cyo kuremura kitaragera: Ku manywa, ku itariki 6 Mata, ku muhanda wo ku Mulindi, umuntu agana ahitwa kuri 19, hari abasirikare barimo abajepe. Barazengurukaga banagenzura ibinyabiziga kuri bariyeri yo kuri 19. Umuntu yahuraga nabasirikare, bamwe bambaye gisivili kugera i Kabuga. Ku itariki 6 Mata, natwaye ku ipikipiki umukobwa wincuti yanjye yitwaga Kalimungabo Leodomir, musiga yo agura ibintu, ngomba kumusubizayo arangije kugura ibyo yashakaga. Mbere yuko arangiza, najyanye undi muntu i Kabuga, nyuma ngaruka gutwara uwo mukobwa. Ngeze ku Mulindi ninjiye mu isoko mushakisha mu bantu. Abasirikare baba baraje batangira gukubita abantu kugira ngo isoko riremure. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe kuko ubundi kari akazi kakorwaga nabapolisi ba komini, kandi ku isoko risanzwe rya buri wa gatatu. Ku Isoko rinini byari ibintu bidasanzwe, kuko ubundi barekaga abantu kugeza igihe isoko riremura ubwaryo. Ryabaga ku wa gatatu wa nyuma wukwezi363 . Ubusanzwe, buri munsi wisoko, abantu barizagamo ntabwo bahitaga bataha. Banyuraga mu tubari, bakaganirira ku nzoga bagataha ninjoro, rimwe na rimwe batinze. Birashoboka ko, niba abasirikare bingabo zu Rwanda bari bateguye guhanura indege ya Perezida Habyarimana,
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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 8 Nyakanga 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, itariki 14 Mata 2008. 363 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, itariki 20 Gashyantare 2008 .

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batashakaga ko aho icyo gikorwa kiri bubere haba abantu benshi. Iyo ishobora kuba ari yo mpamvu yatumye birukana abantu mu isoko ryo ku Mulindi bitarigeze biba mbere, bakabahatira gutaha bidatinze. Mu byukuri, dukurikije ubuhamya bwatanzwe nAbanyarwanda bari mu turere twa Masaka na Kanombe indege ya Falcon 50 imaze guturika, bavuga ko mbere yuko indege ihanurwa, hose hari abasirikare bu Rwanda, bikaba byemeza ko cyari igikorwa cyitondewe mwitegura, kikaba cyarashoboraga kubangamirwa nabaturage iyo babareka bagatembera uko bashaka nyuma yisoko. Liyetena Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge, ni umwe mu basirikare bari i Masaka umugoroba indege ihanurwa; aravuga ko mu gihe gito indege imaze guhanurwa yanyuze kuri bariyeri ebyiri zabaparakomando ku Mulindi no kuri 15, bikerekana ko izo bariyeri zashyizweho hasigaye igihe gito ngo indege ihanurwe kuko zitari zihari ku manywa. Bariyeri ivugwa nabatangabuhamya benshi ko yari ihari ku manywa ni iyo kuri 19 yonyine. Liyetena Tuyisenge avuga ati: Ku itariki ya 6 Mata nimugoroba, nari i Masaka nagiye ku kazi kiperereza nari nahawe na Koloneli Sagatwa. Nari mu kabari numva ibiganiro byabantu. Nyuma ya saa mbiri zijoro ho gato, numvise isasu rya mbere, ndasohoka ako kanya maze mbona igisasu cya kabiri kigana ku ndege yari igeze hejuru yuruganda rwa SORWACI. Ako kanya narasohotse mfata imodoka yanjye ngo ngaruke ku ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare (ESM) aho nabaga. Ngeze ku Mulindi nsanga umuhanda ugana mu mujyi ufunzwe nabaparakomando batarekaga hagira ucaho. Ipeti ryanjye rya ofisiye ni ryo ryatumye nca kuri iyo bariyeri. Ngeze ahantu hitwa kuri 15 aho umuhanda ujya i Ndera nujya i Kanombe ihurira mpasanga indi bariyeri irinzwe nabaparakomando. Nageze kuri ESM ahagana saa tatu zijoro364 .

Abajepe bakwijwe mu myanya mbere yihanurwa ryindege batangira ibikorwa ako kanya indege imaze guhanurwa
Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994, nimugoroba, hasigaye nibura isaha ngo indege ihanurwe, abajepe bari bafashe ibirindiro ku Kimihurura aho abantu batuye, bitangaza abatanze ubuhamya babonye uko gufata ibirindiro kudasanzwe. Dogiteri Charles Zirimwabagabo, wahoze ari Perefe wa Gisenyi, iwabo wintagondwa zo ku ngoma ya Habyarimana, yabwiye abapererezi bAbabirigi: Jyewe ubwanjye ku itariki ya 6 Mata, saa mbiri, niboneye abajepe bakwirakwira KIMIHURURA i Kigali. Ntabwo byari bisanzwe. Umuntu yumvaga ko hari ikintu gitegurwa 365. Jean-Berchmans Birara, wari utuye ku Kimihurura, na we yabonye abajepe bafata ibirindiro saa moja: Itariki 6 Mata 1994, saa moja, mbere yuko indege ya Perezida ihanurwa, abajepe bari bashyizeho za bariyeri. Bwari ubwa mbere tubibona, byari bitangaje .

Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge, bwahawe Komisiyo yigihugu yigenga yashinzwe gusuzuma uruhare Ubufaransa rwagize muri Jenoside yagiriwe Abatutsi muri 1994. 365 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu rwego rwiperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe numucamanza Damien Vandermeersch, ku Gisenyi itariki 11 Kamena 1995 (reba inyandiko-mvugo yiryo perereza, urup.9).

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Umusirikare wUmubirigi wo muri MINUAR witwa Pascal-Charles Voituron, yabonye abasirikare bu Rwanda bashyiraho bakanarinda za bariyeri hasigaye igihe gito ngo indege ihanurwe: Mu kagoroba najyanye abantu batanu muri CND kugira ngo bakore igenzura. Tugenda, nabonye ko hari agasuhero; bari batangiye gushyira za bariyeri mu mihanda. Bagenzuraga utugari. Hanyuma nasubiye kuri TOP GUN. Nagombaga kujya kubazana saa cumi nimwe za mu gitondo366 . Umunyamakuru wUmubirigi witwa Thierry Charlier wari mu Rwanda muri Mata na Gicurasi 1994 yavuze ko abatangabuhamya babanyamahanga bamubwiye ko mbere yihanurwa ryindege, abasirikare bari bagiye mu myanya yatoranyijwe muri Kigali: Mu gihe cyimvururu zo mu Rwanda, nagiye i Butare. () Navuga ko abatangabuhamya babasiviri babazungu bambwiye ko mbere yuko indege ya Perezida ihanurwa, hari za bariyeri nabasirikare mu masaganzira amwe mu mujyi. Mu bihe bisanzwe ayo masanganzira nta bariyeri cyangwa abasirikare bahabaga367 . Ajida shefu Elias Ndaruhutse wo mu ngabo zu Rwanda wari mu nkambi ya gisirikare i Kanombe muri batayo yabaparakomando, yavuze ko ku itariki 4 Mata 1994, we nabandi basirikare bo muri batayo ye babohereje gufasha kurinda ikigo cyabajepe, agasanga abasirikare babajepe ari bake cyane muikigo; nukuvuga ko bari boherejwe mu bikorwa bya gisirikare mu mujyi, cyane cyane i Kanombe368, bikerekana ko hari ibyategurwaga mu bajepe no muri batayo yabaparakomando: Ku itariki 4 Mata 1994, twagize inama nabadukuriye muri batayo parakomando i Kanombe; iyo nama yari iyobowe na Majoro Ntabakuze. Batubwiye ko ibintu bitameze neza, ko FPR ishobora gutera ikigo cyabajepe bityo rero ko byari ngombwa kujya kubatera ingabo mu bitugu. Kompanyi nari mo ni yo babwiye kujya gukora uwo murimo ku itariki 5 Mata. Tugeze mu kigo cyabajepe nasanze harimo abasirikare batageze kuri mirongo itanu ; abandi bose bari babohereje hanze ahantu hanyuranye. Batuzengurukije ikigo ngo tukirinde. Twahamaze uwa 6 Mata wose kugeza nimugoroba ariko ukabona hari ibintu bitameze neza. Uwo munsi batubwiye kwitegura imirwano, bavuga ko ikigo cyabajepe cyari kigiye guterwa. Ikibazo buri wese yibazaga nigituma abadukuriye bibwiraga ko iyo minsi ibiri gusa iteye akaga, kandi bitarabaye mbere. Kuki iyi minsi ibiri gusa ari yo yagombaga kwitabwaho byumwihariko?369 . Indege imaze guhanurwa, abajepe bari boherejwe mu mago ku Kimihurura bahise baherekeza ba Minisitiri bo muri MRND babajyana ahari umutekano mu kigo cyabajepe hanyuma babajyana muri ambasade yUbufaransa. Abandi bajepe bagiye mu mago yabatavuga rumwe na leta

Ubuhamya bwa Pascal-Charles Voituron itariki 30 Gicurasi 1994, kuri Jandarumori ishami ryinkiko ryi Buruseri, Inyandiko-mvugo N 770/94 (Inyandiko yo mu rubanza rwa Ntuyahaga). Ubuhamya bwa Thierry Charlier itariki 16 Gicurasi 1994, kuri dosiye n 02 02545 94 C8, urukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri.
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Reba ubuhamya bwa Kapiteni Isidore Bwanakweri, i Rilima, itariki 8 Kanama 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008.

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barabica. Urugero ni Boniface Ngurinzira370 wari minisitiri wububanyi namahanga akaba numuyoboke wa MDR ; abajepe bamutwaye hashize iminota mike indege ihanuwe : Abasirikare batandatu babajepe batwaye umugabo wanjye. Sinongeye kumubona. Namenye ko yishwe mbyumviye kuri RTLM yishimiraga ko ibyitso bya FPR byatsembatsembwe . Ayo ni amagambo ya Florida Mukeshimana, umugore wa nyakwigendera, Boniface Ngurinzira. Abandi basirikare boherejwe ahandi kujya kwica, cyangwa kurinda ahantu hakomeye, cyangwa gutorokesha abantu bafite igituma bashakishwa. Inyandiko yo ku itariki 17 Ugushyingo 2003 yaturutse ku mutangabuhamya wiswe R.G.,wari icyegera cya Joseph Nzirorera, abwira urukiko rwa Arusha ICTR, ivuga ko, bari mu buhungiro muri Benin, Nzirorera yamubwiye ko indege imaze guhanurwa, abajepe nabo mu ishami rishinzwe gutata batangiye ibikorwa byo guhungisha abantu bakomeye bo muri Hutu power. Niryo shami ryintasi, ryari riyobowe na Majoro Franois-Xavier Nzuwonemeye, uburana mu Rukiko rwa Arusha, hamwe nuwari umwungirije Kapitene Innocent Sagahutu, ryoherejwe kujya guhungisha Justin Mugenzi, Minisitiri wo muri PL Hutu power, rimuvanye mu rugo rwe ku Kimihurura. Umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya R.G. avuga ko abagombaga guhungisha abo bantu bari barangije kwitegura mbere yuko indege ihanurwa: Ibyo byagombaga gukorwa namashami yombi, iryintasi niryabajepe; abajepe ni bo bahungishije Nzirorera bamuvanye iwe ku Kimihurura. Umutangabuhamya yakomeje avuga ko, bari muri Cameroun, MUGENZI na Majoro NZUWONEMEYE baratonganye. Ni NZUWONEMEYE watumwe guhungisha MUGENZI amuvana iwe ku KICUKIRO amujyana mu nkambi yabajepe ; Majoro NZUWONEMEYE avuga ko ICYO GIHE iyo abishaka aba yarishe MUGENZI. Avuga ko ingo zabantu bakomeye, ari abo mu butegetsi ari nabatavuga rumwe na Leta, zari zizwi zose mbere ya Jenoside371 . Bruno Angelet, wari diplomate muri Ambasade y u Bubirigi i Kigali muri Mata 1994, yavuze ko indege imaze guhanurwa, abasirikare bu Rwanda bahise bafata ahantu hingenzi mu mujyi mukuru, kandi ngo uburyo babikoze byagaragazaga ko ari ibintu bari barateguye: Maze koherezwa gukora muri ambasade yacu i Kigali mu Gushyingo 1993, nageze i Kigali ku itariki 17 Mutarama 1994. Kuva mu ntangiriro zukwezi nari ntuye mu nzu ya Leta yu Bubirigi, aho Avenue Paul VI na Avenue de la Jeunesse zihurira. Kugera kuri ambasade yu Bubirigi uvuye kuri iyo nzu byatwaraga iminota nkitanu ku maguru. Kuri Avenue Paul VI, nari nturanye nUmunyamabanga wa Mbere muri ambasade yacu Pr Philippe COLYN numugore we numukobwa wabo. Inzu zacu zari zibangikanye, ku buryo umuntu yashoboraga kuva mu rugo rumwe akajya mu rundi anyuze mu cyanzu cyari giciye mu ruzitiro rutandukanya ingo zombi . Minisitiri wIntebe wu Rwanda, Madamu Agathe UWIRINGIYIMANA nawe yari atuye kuri Avenue Paul VI, ku nzu ya kane uvuye iwanjye. Inyuma yiwanjye, hari hatuye
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Ubuhamya bwatanzwe muri Sena yUbubirigi itariki 19 Gashyantare 1997 (Raporo Sena yUbubirigi, urup.620). Ubuhamya bwanditse kandi bushyizeho umukono bwa R.G. bwo ku itariki 17 Ugushyingo 2003.

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muganga wa Perezida, Dogiteri Emmanuel AKINGENEYE, nawe waguye muri iyo ndege ku itariki 6 Mata. Inyuma yo kwa Bwana COLYN hari hatuye Bwana SINDIKUBWABO, wahoze ari Perezida wInama ishinga amategeko nyuma agirwa Perezida wa Repuburika na Guverinoma yInzibacyuho nyuma yihanurwa ryindege ku itariki 6 Mata. Hakurya, iburyo bwamasanganzira, kuri Avenue de la Jeunesse, hari inzu ya Perezida HABYARIMANA. Hari ahantu harinzwe nabasirikare babanyarwanda. Nta modoka zari zemerewe kuhanyura ; hari na za bariyeri nyinshi. Ahari bariyeri nari mpazi neza, kuko nari menyereye kuhanyura inshuro nyinshi mu cyumweru mpakorera jogging kuva saa cumi nebyiri nigice za mu gitondo. Ku wa gatatu itariki 6 Mata 1994, ndangije akanama na ambasaderi na Madamu Monique MUJAWAMARIYA () navuye kuri ambasade nka saa kumi nebyiri ntashye. Ndeba televiziyo mu nzu yo mu rugo rwa Philippe COLYN wari wagiye mu biruhuko numuryango we i Zanzibar, ansigira imfunguzo ziyo nzu. Nyuma mvugana nabakozi bo kwa Philippe COLYN ngira ngo menye niba ibintu bimeze neza. Nyuma nyura mu cyanzu mu rugo rwanjye numva ikintu gituritse cyane. Mbivuganaho numuzamu ambwira ko atari za gerenade zituritse ahubwo ko bishoboka ko ari inzu ibikwamo amasasu ituritse. Njya kumva amakuru mu gifaransa kuri RTLM, ubusanzwe atangira saa mbiri nigice. Ni bwo bwa mbere numvise ko indege ya Perezida yahanuwe. Abanyamakuru ba RTLM babwira ababumva gukomeza bakumva, kubera ko bari bategereje ko byemezwa ko Perezida yaguye muri iyo mpanuka. () Nka saa tatu na makumyabiri, umuzamu witwa Edgard yarakomanze ambwira ko hari abasirikare benshi baje bafata imyanya ku mahuriro yimihanda imbere yiwanjye. Mbona kandi numva imodoka nini kandi nyinshi zikata imbere yinzu yacu. Narasohotse negera urugi rwirembo kugira ngo ndebe ibiba. Abasirikare bantegetse gusubira mu nzu bidatinze no kutongera kuyisohokamo. Ndibuka mbona imodoka nabasirikare ariko sinashoboye kugenekereza imibare. Nyuma numvise ibintu bivuga nkinyundo bihonda ku byuma. Ndibwira ko bashingaga ibibunda kuri kaburimbo. Nagerageje kurebesha idarubindi ritubura amashusho, mbona bulinde imbere yamahuriro yimihanda na mitarayeze yerekeye ku nzu ya Minisitiri wIntebe cyangwa ahateganye na ho. Ijoro ryose habaye urujya nuruza. Buri gihe Ababirigi bafite ubwoba barantelefonaga. Mpereye ku buryo nabayeho hagati yitariki esheshatu nitariki cumi Mata nibyo nabonye aho Avenue Paul VI na Avenue de la Jeunesse zihurira hari imyanzuro myinshi nafata: 1. Kuva saa tatu nigice za nimugoroba ku itariki ya 6 Mata, abasirikare bu Rwanda baraje bafata amasanganzira, bahashyira za bulinde, imodoka nimbunda nini. Hari hashize hafi isaha imwe gusa indege ihanuwe. Ibi byerekana ko ibintu byose byari byarateguwe, cyane cyane iyo umuntu yongeyeho ibyabaye ahandi muri Kigali muri ayo masaha.

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2. Mpereye ku tugofero twirabura abo basirikare bari bambaye, numva bari abajepe ()372 . Hari abandi banyamahanga batanze ubuhamya bashimangiye icyo gitekerezo cyo kwitegura cyagaragaye neza mu gihe gito cyakurikiye ihanurwa ryindege, uroye uko ibintu byakurikiranye bitameze nkibikozwe huti huti. Liyetena Jean-Nol Lecomte, umusirikare mukuru wUmubirigi wo muri MINUAR arabyemeza: Ihanurwa ryindege ryatangajwe nka saa mbiri niminota cumi nitanu. Nabibwiwe na serija LEKEU, wabimenyeye muri batayo. Sa tatu niminota mirongo itatu nine twagiye kuzana abasirikare bari bagiye kwidagadura muri KIGALI NIGHT. Nagarutse kuri Base saa tatu niminota mirongo itanu nitatu. Twahagaritswe kuri bariyeri muri metero 200 mu ruhande rwiburengerazuba bwa RWANDEX. Iyo bariyeri twayinyuzeho nta ngorane. Ntabwo nibuka neza isaha byatangajwe ko Perezida yari mu ndege yahanuwe. Kompanyi yongereye ingufu zuburinzi. Ku byerekeye ikibuga cyindege nizima ryamashanyarazi, ubanza narumvise ko byari bisanzwe ko ikibuga kiguma mu kizima. Batsaga amatara igihe habaga haje indege gusa. Nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, twatangajwe nukuntu abasirikare nabajandarume bihuse. Mumenye ko bari badafite itumanaho rikoresha radiyo rihagije. Uroye uburyo bihuse cyane, usanga bishoboka ko bari babiteguye mbere yihanurwa ryindege373 . Undi musirikare wumubirigi, ajida shefu Jean Lechat, wari i Kigali muri Mata 1994, mu rwego rwubutwererane bwa gisirikare, nawe ni ko avuga ibyakozwe nabasirikare bu Rwanda nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, ko byari bimeze nkibyari byarateguwe mbere: Ku byerekeye ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida wu Rwanda, mbere ntacyo numvise. Ariko, ku itariki 6 Mata 94, nagiye ku kibuga cyindege kubera ko nagombaga kuhategera indege ya C 130 yagombaga kuhagera hagati ya saa mbiri nigice na saa tatu za nijoro. Nka saa mbiri niminota mirongo itatu nari mu muhanda wa Nyarutarama ngana ku kibuga cyindege (nka kilometero 7) maze numva Dogiteri Pasuch avugira kuri radiyo yacu atangaza ko hari indege imaze guterwa ibintu bibiri byakirana, ngo bishobora kuba za misile. Nahamagaye Dogiteri Pasuch mubwira ko ndi mu nzira ngiye yo. Nari kumwe na Jean-Pierre Duquesnoy, umuhanga mu kohereza ibimenyetso byitumanaho wa ambasade yu Bubirigi. Ngeze ku kibuga cyindege nagiye aho binjirira. Mpageze mbona abajandarume basuherewe. Sinashoboye gutaha ; hari hashize iminota nkicumi mpamagaye Dr.Pasuch. Nabonye abajepe basohokaga bambaye amasasu bajya gufata imyanya imbere yikibuga cyindege mu masangano yimihanda. Ubusanzwe ku kibuga cyindege najyaga mpahurira nabajandarume nabasirikare barinda ikibuga cyindege gusa. Natangajwe rero no kubona abasirikare bikoreye amasasu basohoka mu kibuga cyindege hashize iminota icumi indege ihanuwe.
Urwandiko Bruno Angelet yandikiye Bw. Van Winsen, umucamanza mu rukiko rwa gisirikare, itariki 8 Nyakanga 1994. Impamvu: Iperereza ku iyicwa ryabasirikare 10 bababirigi ryabereye i Kigali itariki 7 Mata 1994. 373 Ubuhamya Liyetena Jean-Nol Lecomte yatangiye imbere yishami ryinkiko ryi Buruseri, itariki 25 Gicurasi 1995. Umugereka wa I ku Nyandiko-mvugo N743/94.
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Ijoro ryose, abajandarume bigaragara ko barakaye batugumishije ku ruzitiro rwibyuma. Ajida Contineau wo mu ishami rya 2 ryabakomando, na muganga majoro Thiry nabo baje gusanganira indege yacu ya C 130, na bo babahagarika aho. Muganga Thiry numusirikare mukuru ushinzwe ingemu nibindi bikoresho bicajwe hasi babambura imbunda zabo(GP). Abo bose bari bambaye iniforume za LONI bari mu modoka za LONI374 . Liyetena Koloneli Ren Chantraine, nawe waje mu rwego rwubutwererane bwa gisirikare ari umwarimu mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ryi Kigali nawe abivugaho yerekana ukuntu, nyuma yo guhanurwa kwindege, abasirikare bu Rwanda bihuse cyane kandi mu buryo buteguye neza: Itariki ya 6 Mata 94, ahagana saa tatu zijoro navaga mu mujyi ; ngeze hafi yumuhanda uzengurutse wa Kacyiru mpasanga za bariyeri ziriho abajandarume babanyarwanda. Ntabwo bambwiye impamvu bashyizeho izo za bariyeri ariko wabonaga batamerewe neza. Kuri uwo muhanda hari nabajandarume batatu bimico mibi bantunze imbunda. Ni bwo umuntu wari utwaye imodoka wari undi inyuma yambwiye ko Perazida bamwishe. Numvise vuba ngerageza kuhikura bidatinze. Nsimbuye, numvise barasa, uwari undi inyuma bahamije umupira wimodoka ye. Nasubiye mu nkambi yabasirikare bAbabirigi ya CTM i Nyarutarama. Ukuntu abajepe bihuse nukuntu Leta nshya igizwe ahanini nintagondwa yashyizweho byatumye nibwira ko ihanurwa ryindege ari bo ryaturutseho. Mu gisirikare harimo agace kintagondwa ka CDR. Ngo nibo bahaye Interahamwe intwaro kandi bakaba barateye ubwicanyi mu bihe byashize375 . Ajida shefu Christian Joseph Defraigne, nawe wo mu rwego rwubutwererane bwa gisirikare rwAbabirigi, atanga ubuhamya bushyigikira ubwa bagenzi be: Indege ya Perezida wu Rwanda iraswa nari mu mudugudu wa gisirikare wAbabirigi i Nyarutarama. Sinashoboye kuhava. Ntacyo nashobora kuvuga kuri iyo mpanuka no ku iyicwa ryabaparakomando bacu icumi. Icyantangaje nukuntu abasirikare bu Rwanda bihuse. Mu minota itageze kuri makumyabiri nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, umujyi wose bari bawugose kandi bawukwirakwiriye mo. Nabonye ko mbere [ntabwo ari twe tubishimangira] yihanurwa ryindege abo basirikare bose bari bazi ikigiye kuba nikigomba gukorwa376 . Ibi byose tumaze gusuzuma bigaragaza ko hari abantu bo hejuru mu ngabo zu Rwanda nintagondwa zabanyapolitike za Hutu power biteguraga gukora ikintu kidasanzwe cyabaye kwica Perezida wa Repuburika na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, bashakaga kubonera ku rupfu

Ubuhamya bwa Jean Lechat, ku itariki 10 Gicurasi 1994, mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri, kuri dosiye N 02 02545 N94 C8 (urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga). 375 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena koloneli Ren Chantraine, ku itariki 9 Gicurasi 1994, mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri, kuri dosiye N 02 02545 N94 C8 (urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga). 376 Ubuhamya bwa Christian Joseph Defrraigne, ku itariki 10 Gicurasi 1994, mu rukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri, kuri dosiye N 02 02545 N94 C8 (urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga).

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rwumukuru wigihugu bagahirika Leta bakoresheje ingufu za gisirikare bityo bakaburizamo burundu Amasezerano ya Arusha.

Ibindi bikorwa byerekana ko abasirikare bu Rwanda biteguraga guhanura indege

Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ku manywa, hari ibikorwa byurwungikane bya gisirikare byerekezaga hamwe, cyane cyane mu mitwe yingenzi mu ngabo zu Rwanda: Abaparakomando, Ishami ryIntasi nAbajepe. Ibyo bikorwa byari binyuranye ariko byahuriraga ku kintu kimwe: ayo mashami kuguma aryamiye amajanja kugeza ku manywa yihangu aribwo batangiye kohereza zimwe muri izo ngabo mu bikorwa hafi yaho indege yahanuriwe cyangwa ahandi hantu hingirakamaro ho mu mujyi wa Kigali. Icya mbere, abajepe bagendaga irondo ari benshi mu gace ka Kanombe itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 ku manywa, bitangaza abasirikare bamwe bo mu nkambi ya Kanombe batari bamenyereye urwo rujya nuruza muri ako karere377 kabo. Umunyamakuru wumubirigi witwa Jacques Collet wakurikiranye ibyabaye mu Rwanda kuva muri 1990, yavuze ko umubirigi witwa Cam Tran, wakoraga mu rwego rwubutwererane, yamubwiye ko mu gitondo cyo kuwa 6 Mata 1994, abasirikare bu Rwanda bari bamubwiye ngo: Uyu ni umunsi ukomeye, hari bube ikintu gikomeye378 . Umutangabuhamya wo muri batayo yabaparakomando, serija majoro Emmanuel Munyaneza, yavuze ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, bamwe mu basirikare bo muri uwo mutwe bari bababwiye kwitegura, kandi kugira ngo bishoboke, majoro Ntabakuze yahagaritse mu buryo butunguranye imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka yagombaga gukorerwa mu kibaya cya Nyandungu. Majoro Ntabakuze yahise ajya mu nama yabereye mu butegetsi bukuru bwingabo : Ku itariki ya 6 Mata mu gitondo, twagombaga kujya mu kibaya cya Nyandungu gukora imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka. Haza ubutumwa butumira Majoro Ntabakuze kujya mu nama yihutirwa. Ako kanya, Ntabakuze yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika imyitozo ya batayo yacu yari yarateguriwe itariki 6 Mata ku manywa, maze ajya muri iyo nama ariko asiga avuze ko tugomba kuguma twiteguye. Majoro Ntabakuze atubwira ayo magambo yari ameze nkufite umutima ahandi. Uko guhagarika imyitozo kugomba kuba kwari gufite impamvu, ariko ntabwo nyizi379 . Ajuda Elias Ndaruhutse, umusirikare wo mu ngabo zu Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1985 kandi wari umuparakomando muri 1994, yemeje ihagarikwa ryiyo myitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka yagombaga gukorwa namatsinda abiri yiyo batayo, anavuga ko icyemezo cyafashwe na majoro Ntabakuze mu buryo butunguranye mu gitondo cyuwo munsi : Ku itariki 6 Mata 1994,

Ubuhamya Serija majoro Wellars Mbonigaba Wellars, wari umuparakomando muri 1994, yatangiye Rusizi, itariki 31 Nyakanga 2008. 378 Ubuhamya bwa Jacques Collet itariki 16 Gicurasi 1994, Inyandiko-mvugo n686, dosiye n02 0254594 C8, urukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri. 379 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), itariki 8 Nyakanga 2008.

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imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka yahagaritswe na majoro Ntabakuze ; yatubwiye ko ibintu bitameze neza anatubwira ko tuguma turyamiye amajanja380 . Umwe mu bigisha bo muri batayo parakomando wagombaga kuyobora imyitozo uwo munsi, serija Pascal Ngirumpatse yavuze kimwe nubuhamya bumaze gutangwa nabahoze ari bagenzi be avuga uko iryo hagarikwa ryimyitozo ryemejwe: Nari umwe mu barimu bari batoranyijwe kuyobora imyitozo yo kumanuka mu mitaka mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 6 Mata. Nari nagiye aho iyo myitozo yagombaga kubera kugira ngo ndebe uko hameze no gutunganya ibikoresho. Ibintu byose byari byateguwe. Mu gihe nari ntegereje abasirikare bagombaga gukora iyo myitozo, ajuda shefu Canisius bakundaga kwita Ndabashinzwe ariko ntabwo nibuka izina rye bwite, yaje kumbwira ko imyitozo imaze kuvanwaho. Nta kindi gisobanuro yampaye ku mpamvu ibiteye. Nazinze ibikoresho nza kubibwira amashami yagombaga gukora iyo myitozo381 . Mu bindi bigo bya gisirikare byi Kigali naho, uko ibintu byari bimeze byerekanaga ko hari ikintu gitegurwa. Ajuda shefu Denis Munyaneza wari muri batayo yintasi yayoborwaga na majoro Franois-Xavier Nzuwonemeye yungirijwe na kapitene Innocent Sagahutu bombi ubu baburanira mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, yavuze ko yakoraga mu ishami ryubuyobozi mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali, akaba yarabonye ko bamwe mu bakuru babasirikare bitwaye mu buryo budasanzwe umunsi wose witariki ya 6 Mata 1994, bameze nkaho hari icyo biteguraga kidasanzwe: Itariki ya 6 Mata ku manywa, nabonaga abasirikare bankuriye, majoro Nzuwonemeye na kapiteni Sagahutu bitwaraga mu buryo butameze nkubwabandi. Bombi bazengurukaga mu kigo mu ijipe bameze nkaho bateguraga igikorwa cya gisirikare. Abandi basirikare bakuru nka Nubaha na Neretse nabo niko bari bameze. Ibyo ntabwo byari bisanzwe. Byarabonekaga ko hari ikintu cyari cyahindutse mu myitwarire yabo basirikare bakuru. Ukuntu bazengurukaga hose byerekanaga ko hari ikintu bateguraga, ariko ntabwo nari nzi icyo ari cyo. Ariko, Sagahutu ntabwo yari atuje uwo munsi, nkuko yari asanzwe382 . Liyetona Selathiel Makuza wari wagiye gufasha abandi i Shyorongi, avuga ko yabonye ibintu bidasanzwe kuva ku itariki ya 5 Mata 1994 kandi ko abakuru babo bari bababwiye ngo bitegure imirwano kandi intambara yari yarahosheje, ahubwo bategereje ishyirwaho ryinzego zinzibacyuho : Icyo nibuka nuko ku itariki ya 5 niya 6 Mata 1994, byabonekaga ko bamwe mu basirikare bakuru bari bashyushye imitwe. Twarabyiboneraga ubwacu kandi bamwe muri twe bari bazi ko hari ikintu kizaba ku itariki ya 6 Mata, ariko badasobanukiwe neza icyo ari cyo. Twakekaga ko Kigali yari igiye gufatwa. Bari batubwiye kuryamira amajanja. Jye nabibwiwe nuwari unkuriye, majoro Habimana bakundaga kwita Bemera, abimbwirira aho twari twagiye gufasha abandi i Shyorongi. Nakongeraho ko najyaga mu
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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite muri Nyaruguru, itariki 15 Ukwakira 2008. 382 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Gicumbi, itariki 22 Ukwakira 2008.

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nama nyinshi, kuko narinshinzwe imbunda zirasa mu kirere zikoreshwa mu gushyigikira imirwano383 . Ikindi kidasanzwe cyerekanaga ko hari icyategurwaga cyabaye mu gitondo ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ku kibuga cyindege cyi Kanombe, Perezida ajya mu nama yabakuru bibihugu yabereye i Dar-es-Salaam. Abari bashinzwe gutwara Falcon 50 nindi mirimo ikorerwamo bari biteguye kugenda, ariko ubuyobozi bwikibuga cyindege ntibwatanga uruhushya ko indege igenda kugeza igihe umwe mu bashinzwe iyo ndege yavuze amagambo atangaje agaragaza ko yakekaga ko hari ikintu gikomeye cyashoboraga kuba. Mu byukuri, umwe mu bagenzuzi bikirere binzobere bicyo gihe witwaga Heri Jumapili, wakoze ako kazi ku kibuga cyindege cyi Kamembe kuva mu wa 1982 kugeza mu wa 1989, nyuma agakora ku cyi Kanombe kuva mu wa 1989 kugeza mu wa 1994, wari mu munara ugenzurirwamo indege zigenda niziza mu ijoro ryo kuwa 5 Mata kugeza kuwa 6 Mata 1994 mu gitondo, yabwiye Komite ko indege yatinze kugenda ku mpamvu zidasobanutse: Nari umugenzuzi mukuru mu ijoro rwuwa 5 Mata kugeza ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Nageze ku kazi saa cumi nebyiri za nimugoroba, mpererekanya imirimo nuwari wahiriwe. Ambwira ko Falcon 50 yagombaga kugenda mu gitondo cya kare. Ubusanzwe, mbere yuko indege igenda, umwe mu bashinzwe indege yatuzaniraga gahunda yurugendo rwindege ninyandiko yemeza ko ifite uruhushya rwo kuguruka, aho turi mu munara, hanyuma tukavugana nikibuga iyo ndege ijyaho. Nta ndege yashoboraga kugenda izo nyandiko zidatunganyijwe. Muri icyo gitondo, ubuyobozi bwikibuga ntibwampaye gahunda yurugendo rwiyo ndege ninyandiko yemeza ko ifite uruhushya rwo kuguruka. Hagati aho, abashinzwe gutwara iyo ndege bavaga mu biro byikibuga cyindege bajya mu bindi urudaca. Umwe muri bo witwaga Hraud yaje inshuro nyinshi mu munara ugenzura indege ziza nizigenda ambaza niba nabonye uruhushya rwo kureka indege ikagenda. Byakomeje bityo umwanya muremure, maze indege yagombaga kugenda saa cumi nebyiri igenda itinze cyane. Ntabwo nibuka neza isaha indege yagendeye, ariko icyo nibuka neza nuko yatinze kandi akaba nta mpamvu yabiteye bambwiye, kugira ngo nanjye mbibwire abo ku kibuga cyindege cya Dar-es-Salaam. Mbere yuko komanda wikibuga ampa amabwiriza [yo kureka indege ikagenda], umwe mu Bafaransa bari bashinzwe iyo ndege witwaga Hraud, yinjiye mu munara ugenzura indege ziza nizigenda aho nari ndi. Ntabwo yiyumvishaga ibyarimo kuba, ambaza niba hari inyandiko nari nabona zemerera indege kugenda. Naramuhakaniye. Yavuze aya magambo aruhije kumvikana: Ubanza aba bantu batagishaka umutware wabo . Amaze kuvuga atyo, agenda ameze nkufite ipfunwe nta rindi jambo yongeyeho384 . Kubera ko Abafaransa bari bashinzwe indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bari bazi uko ibintu bimeze mu Rwanda, umuntu yakwibaza icyatumye umwe muri bo avuga ayo magambo. Ese yari

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Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, itariki 21 Mata 2008.

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azi, cyangwa hari ibimenyetso yabonaga byerekana ko abo bantu bateguraga kwica Perezida Habyarimana? Umuntu yabyibazaho cyane, kuko byashoboka. Ihirika ryubutegetsi ryabaye mu ijoro ryuwa 6 Mata 1994, rihishura impamvu zatumye indege ihanurwa Nyuma yihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, uko ibintu byakurikiranye bigaragaza ko agatsiko kabasirikare bakuru bingabo zu Rwanda kayobowe na Koloneli Bagosora kashakaga guhirika ubutegetsi, kubyemeza abaturage, MINUAR na LONI, kugira ngo bashyireho ubutegetsi bishakira. Ariko iryo hirika ryubutegetsi ryageragejwe ntabwo ryashobotse biturutse ku nama Bagosora yagiriwe nabahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda nabahagarariye LONI yavuganye nabo mu ijoro ryuwa 6 Mata no mu gitondo cyuwa 7 Mata 1994. Byumwihariko nyuma yo kuvugana na jenerali Dallaire, ndetse cyane cyane na Jacques Roger Booh-Booh intagondwa zabahutu zabonaga kandi zemeraga ko ari incuti yazo, ni bwo Bagosora yerekanye ingingiri ku gitekerezo cyo gufata ubutegetsi mu buryo bwa gisirikare 385. Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, wari ukuriye Jandarumori yigihugu niwe watanze igitekerezo cyo kuvugana na Jacques Roger Booh-Booh : Dallaire yaje wenyine nka saa ine zijoro, Bagosora amusobanurira uko ibintu bimeze. Amaze guhamya ko Perezida yaguye mu mpanuka yindege amusobanurira ko tugiye gushyiraho komite yibihe bikomeye kugira ngo tuyobore igihugu. Dallaire amubajije icyo dushaka gukora mu buryo busobanutse, Bagosora ntiyashobora gusubiza mu buryo bweruye. Ni bwo nasobanuye ko ari ugufata ubutegetsi hakoreshejwe ingufu za gisirikare, ko byari ngombwa kubanza gutata icyo umuryango mpuzamahanga ubitekerezaho, kugira ngo tumenye niba uzabidufashamo. Abari bahari bose bemeye icyo gitekerezo cyanjye, maze Dallaire, Bagosora na Koloneli Rwabarinda bajya kureba Jacques Roger Booh-Booh. Nasigaranye nabandi mu cyumba cyinama kugeza mu gitondo.Dallaire na Bagosora bamaze kugenda koloneli Marchal yaraje, mubwira uko ibintu bimeze. Ndangije, liyetena koloneli Kayumba anyibutsa ko ntavuze ko komite yacu yibihe bidasanzwe yafashe ubutegetsi. Namusobanuriye ko ibyo biri buterwe nibiva mu biganiro bagirana na Booh-Booh. Bagosora na Rwabarinda bagarutse nka saa sita cyangwa saa saba zijoro; ntabwo nongeye kubona Dallaire. Bagosora yadusobanuriye ko Booh-Booh yamubwiye ko Amasezerano ya Arusha agomba kubahirizwa, maze ishyaka rya Perezida rikitoramo Perezida mushya, nkuko ayo masezerano abiteganya. Bagosora yavuze ko Booh-Booh yabasezeranyije kuvugana na ambasaderi wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, amusaba ko ahamagaza iwe abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda bose bukeye bwa ho saa tatu za mu gitondo. Nasabye kuba muri iyo nama hamwe na Bagosora na Rwabarinda ; abari bahari bose barabyemera. Twanemeye ko
Raporo ya Komisiyo yigihugu yigenga yashinzwe gukusanya ibimenyetso byerekana uruhare rwUbufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Igitabo cya II, urup. 139.
385

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Bagosora abonana nabakuriye MRND, bakitoramo perezida mushya, nkuko Booh-Booh yabisabye. Hanyuma Bagosora arasohoka386 . Mu ijoro ryuwa 6 rishyira uwa 7 Mata 1994, Bagosora yahamagaje inama yubutegetsi bukuru bwa gisirikare nubwa Jandarumori mu cyicaro cyubuyobozi bwa gisirikare mu kigo cya gisirikare i Kigali, maze, ashyigikiwe nabandi basirikare bakuru, avuga ko ashaka gufata ubutegetsi mu buryo bwa gisirikare. Koloneli Balthazar Ndengeyinka wari uhari arabisobanura : Muri icyo gihe, nari umujyanama mu bya tekiniki muri minisiteri yingabo. Indege igwa nari mu mujyi, ariko sinari mbizi. Ntashye, abantu barampamagaye kuri telefone bambaza amakuru. Nanjye mbaza kuri minisiteri yingabo bambwira ko Jepe yemeje ko indege ya Perezida yaguye. Zari nka saa tatu za nijoro. Nahise njya ku cyicaro gikuru cya gisirikare, mpasanga Koloneli BAGOSORA, Jenerali NDINDIRIYIMANA, liyetena koloneli RWABARINDA, liyetena koloneli KAYUMBA ngirango na liyetena koloneli KANYANDEKWE, wari wungirije G3, nabandi ntibuka amazina. Ijoro ryose twaganiriye ibigomba gukorwa. Koloneli MARCHAL twiganye icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu Bubirigi yarahadusanze, nyuma na Jenerali DALLAIRE araza. Bamaze gutangaza urupfu rwa Perezida nurwUmukuru wingabo, koloneli BAGOSORA yasabye ko ingabo zifata ubutegetsi bwigihugu, ariko abandi basirikare batari ibyegera bya perezida ntibabishyigikira. KAYUMBA amaze kuvugana nabasirikare bakuru kuri telefone yemeye icyifuzo cya BAGOSORA387 . Muri iyo nama yo kuwa 6 Mata 1994, Bagosora yatanze icyifuzo cyo kugira koloneli Augustin Bizimungu, wari ukuriye ifasi ya gisirikare ya Ruhengeri kandi abona ari ofisiye wari ushoboye inshingano ze, umukuru wingabo mushya. Ba ofisiye bamwe banze icyifuzo cya Bagosora kubera ko yari afite ipeti ryo hasi kandi bamurusha uburambe ku kazi. Ubundi, koloneli Leonidas Rusatira, wari ufite uburambe ku kazi nipeti ryo hejuru, ni we wajyaga gusimbura jenerali Nsabimana wari waguye muri iyo mpanuka yindege, ariko Bagosora yanga ko uwo mwanya bawuha Rusatira kuko wabonaga ashyamiranye nawe. Baje kumvikanira kuri jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi, wategekaga ifasi ya gisirikare yo mu majyepfo i Butare.388 Bamwe mu bari muri iyo nama, byumwihariko jenerali Romo Dallaire, banze gushyigikira iryo hirika ryubutegetsi rya gisirikare, basaba ko ubutegetsi mu bihe bidasanzwe bujyamo Madamu Agathe Uwiringiyimana, wari Minisitiri wintebe ukomoka mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe na Leta ya Habyarimana. Koloneli Ndengeyinka yavuze ko, Jenerali Dallaire yaraje, avuga ko nitwemera ibyifuzo bya BAGOSORA, nta kindi LONI iri bube ishigaje uretse kugenda389 . Nyuma Bagosora yanze imishyikirano iyo ari yo yose na Minisitiri wIntebe anavuga mu ruhame ko atemera ubutegetsi bwe. Ndengeyinka arabisobanura: Ubutegetsi bwa Minisitiri wIntebe bwarinaniwe.
386

Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana yahaye Komiseri mukuru mu butumwa bwinkiko, Buruseri, itariki 15 Nzeri 1995, ku mirimo yashinzwe numucamanza muri parike VANDERMEERSCH, dosiye yibirego 57/95 ya Thoneste BAGOSORA. 387 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena koloneli Balthazar Ndengeyinka yahaye umucamanza Damien VANDERMEERSCH, i Kigali, itariki 19 Kamena 1995 : PV n0155/CRIM/DA/KGL/95 ya dosiye n48/95 J.I. VANDERMEERSCH. 388 Human Rights Watch, Aucun tmoin p.218-219 389 Ibid.

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BAGOSORA yavuze ko nta Guverinoma ikiriho, anabibwira Jenerali DALLAIRE390 . Mu iperereza ryakozwe numucamanza Bruguire mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwa Arusha ku itariki ya 20 Gicurasi 2000, Bagosora yavuze ko, BoohBooh amaze kuvuga ko ari ngombwa kwemera Minisitiri Agathe Uwiringiyimana, we yanze, ati : Naramweruriye mubwira ko mpagarariye abasirikare, kandi ko icyo cyemezo kidakuka . Mu gihe Bagosora nabo bandi bari mu nama, abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR bahawe amategeko yo kujya kwa Minisitiri wIntebe kugira ngo bamuherekeze kuri radiyo yigihugu aho yashakaga gusomera disikuru isaba guhagarika imvururu. Bageze iwe nka saa kumi nimwe za mugitondo, abo basirikare baguye mu gico cyabasirikare bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda, bamburwa intwaro, bafatanwa nabasirikare bandi ba MINUAR bakomoka muri Ghana batanu barindaga Minisitiri wIntebe. Ndengeyinka abivuga atya : Nka saa kumi nimwe za mu gitondo, nari iwanjye maze gukuramo imyenda, numva arusaku rwamasasu hafi cyane yiwanjye. Nari ntuye aho Avenue Paul VI ihurira na rue NYARUGUNGA, mu nzu ibangikanye ninzu yUburusiya. Nahamagaye ku izamu. Liyetena koloneli KAYUMBA arambwira ati : Ni twe dushaka kubuza Minisitiri wIntebe kujya kuri radiyo . Ubwo numva ko ibyo byaberaga kwa Agathe391 . Abo basirikare ba LONI bamaze gufatwa bategetswe nababafashe gushyira intwaro hasi bababwira ko babajyana mu kigo cya MINUAR, ariko abasirikare bu Rwanda, bisa nkaho bakurikiza amategeko bahawe, babajyanye mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali, bahageze barabakubita, barabica. Icyo jenerali Dallaire yabivuzeho nuko iyicwa ryabaparakomando cumi bAbabirigi ryari kimwe mu bigize gahunda yari yarateguwe mbere , asobanura ko Koloneli Bagosora nukuriye Jandarumori bamubwiye ko ibyabereye mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kigali byerekanye ko abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR bakwiye kuva mu Rwanda392 . Muri icyo gihe Bagosora yakomeje kuvugana nabantu hirya no hino ashaka abamutera inkunga mu buryo bwa politique, bwa gisirikare nubwa dipolomasi kugira ngo ihirika ryubutegetsi yashakaga ryemerwe. Balthazar Ndengeyinka agira ati: Muri iyo nama, telefone yavugaga ubutitsa. BAGOSORA asaba ko amatelefone amuhamagara yoherezwa mu kindi cyumba. Kuva ubwo, buri gihe telefone yavugaga BAGOSORA yarasohokaga. Ni we wayoboraga inama393 . Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, mu gitondo cya kare, Jenerali Ndindiriyimana, Koloneli Bagosora na Liyetena Koloneli Rwabarinda bagiye kubonana na Ambasaderi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iwe kugira ngo bamubaze icyo atekereza ku buryo bwa gisirikare nubwa politike igihugu gishobora kuyoborwamo. Mu biganiro bagiranye, Ambasaderi yabajije igituma abasirikare babuza Minisitiri wIntebe kujya kuri radiyo yigihugu akagira icyo abwira abaturage. Bagosora nta gisubizo yatanze, ahubwo yavuze ko urusaku rwamasasu rwari mu mujyi ari abajepe barasaga hejuru kubera urupfu rwumutware wabo. Ndindiriyimana abivuga muri aya magambo: Ahagana saa mbiri niminota mirongo ine nitanu nagiye kwa Ambasaderi, mpasanga RWABARINDA na BAGOSORA. Ambasaderi atubaza ku rusaku rwamasasu
390 391

Ibid. Ibid. 392 Raporo ya Sena yUbubirigi yavuzwe mbere urup. 417-418 393 Ibid.

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rwaturukaga ku Kimihurura, aho ikigo cyabajepe cyari kiri. Bagosora asubiza ko abajepe barasaga hejuru berekana ko bababajwe nurupfu rwa Perezida. Ambasaderi atubaza icyatumye tubuza minisitiri wintebe, Agathe UWIRINGIYIMANA, gukora disikuru ye. Jyewe ntacyo nari mbizi ho. Na BAGOSORA ntiyagira igisubizo atanga394 . Muri icyo gitondo, ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, habaye indi nama ya ba ofisiye bingabo zu Rwanda mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare yarimo ba komanda buturere twose turimo ibikorwa bya gisirikare, ba komanda bibigo bya gisirikare na ba ofisiye bo mu butegetsi bukuru bwa gisirikare na Jandarumori. Koloneli Bagosora ni we wayoboye inama akomeza kwibutsa abahari ko abasirikare bagomba gufata ubutegetsi, yanga ubwa gatatu ko haba imibonano na Minisitiri wIntebe, anavuga ko atazi niba akiriho. Inama yashyigikiye ibyemezo byari byaraye bifashwe byo gushyiraho komite iyobora igihugu mu bihe bidasanzwe igizwe nabasirikare bakuru benshi. Mu gihe inama yarimo, abasirikare bu Rwanda, abajepe nabo mu ishami ryintasi bayobowe na ba majoro Mpiranya na Nzuwonemeye bo mu ntagondwa zashakaga gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu za gisirikare, bahize Madamu Agathe, baramufata, bamukorera ibya mfurambi, baramwica. Muri icyo gihe kandi, abasirikare bo muri ayo mashami bafashe abantu bakuru bo mu mashyaka atavugaga rumwe na Leta nabandi bantu bakomeye nka Joseph Kavaruganda, Perezida wurukiko rushinzwe kurinda iremezo ryitegeko-nshinga, Frederic Nzamurambaho, Perezida wa PSD ari na Minisitiri wUbuhinzi, Landoald Ndasingwa Perezida wungirije wa Parti libral ari na we Minisitiri wimirimo nimibereho myiza yabaturage, na Faustin Rucogoza wo mu biro byubuyobozi bukuru bwa MDR ishami ritarimo intagondwa akaba na Minisitiri wItangazamakuru, barabafunga, nyuma barabica. Kwica abo bantu bakomeye muri politike nabasirikare bAbabirigi byabujije ishyirwaho ryinzego zo mu Masezerano ya Arusha, binatuma abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR bataha kandi bituma jenoside nubwicanyi bikomeza. Bagosora amaze gushyiraho iyo komite yo mu bihe bidasanzwe ya gisirikare yamwumviraga, yatangiye gushakisha noneho uko azashyiraho guverinoma mu byukuri azategeka maze agira imishyikirano nintagondwa zo muri MRND kugira ngo arebe uko ashyiraho iyo guverinoma; Liyetena koloneli Ndengeyinka yabitanzeho ubuhamya agira ati : Nzi ko MRND yagize inama ku itariki 7 Mata mu gitondo cya kare, hagati ya saa kumi na saa moja, irimo BAGOSORA kuko ari we wari wayihamagaje. Ndibuka BAGOSORA avuga, mbere yinama yagiranye na ba komanda buturere, ko MRND yabwiwe ibyifuzo bya BOOH-BOOH, ariko ntiyabyakira neza ahubwo ishaka guta igihe. Nyuma yurupfu rwa Agathe, MRND yemera ibyifuzwaga395 . Abatangabuhamya bose bari mu nama zabaye ku itariki ya 6 niya 7 Mata 1994 bumviswe na Komite kugeza uyu munsi bavuga ko koloneli Bagosora ari we wayoboraga ibintu byose kuva ku itariki 6 Mata nimugoroba kandi ko icyo yashakaga cyingenzi cyari uko abasirikare bafata ubutegetsi.396 Mu gihe cyose cya jenoside, Bagosora ni we wategekaga, ashyigikiwe na
Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana yahaye Komiseri mukuru mu butumwa bwinkiko, Buruseri, itariki 15 Nzeri 1995, ku mirimo yashinzwe numucamanza muri parike VANDERMEERSCH, dosiye yibirego 57/95 ya Thoneste BAGOSORA. 395 Ubuhamya bwa Liyetena koloneli Balthazar Ndengeyinka, op. cit. 396 Reba cyane cyane ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi, Jenereli Majoro Paul Rwarakabije, Liyetena Koloneli Barthazar Ndengeyinka, Koloneli Innocent Bavugamenshi, twavuze muri iyi raporo.
394

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guverinoma igizwe nabantu bahuje amatwara na we, nabasirikare bamuri inyuma. Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi yavuze ko mu gihe gito yamaze ari umukuru wingabo, nta bubasha nya bwo yari afite bwo kuyobora ibikorwa byose bya gisirikare nibyumutekano : Kuva ku itariki ya 8 Mata, nasanze nta bwumvikane bwari hagati yabasirikare nabanyapolitike kandi bikomeza, jyewe ndi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare byo kurwana na FPR byari byongeye kubura. Kuri jye, icyo gihe, ibyo bikorwa byari ukubiri : hari ibya gisirikare (intambara na FPR), hari nibindi byakorwaga nabasirikare nkabajepe, byari muri gahunda yateguwe kandi yari izwi mu buryo bwa rwihishwa. Ibi bya kabiri ntacyo nabishoboragaho. Ariko ku rugamba nari mbishoboye. Komanda wumujyi wa Kigali ni we wari ushinzwe abakoraga ibyo bikorwa bindi byo kurinda umujyi.397 . Dogiteri Charles Zirimwabagabo, wahoze ari Perefe wa Gisenyi, aho Bagosora avuka, na we yavuze ko Bagosora ari we wategekaga u Rwanda kuva mu ijoro ryitariki 6 Mata 1994 : Mu kwezi kwa gatanu nukwa gatandatu 1994, nabonanye na ba minisitiri bamwe bansobanurira uko byagenze mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 6 rishyira itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Bambwiye ko ari BAGOSORA ubwe wabatoranyije kandi ajya kubatwara. Kandi ko ari ko byagenze ku byerekeye Perezida wagateganyo. BAGOSORA na Guverinoma yinzibacyuho ni bo bashishikarije abaturage ubwicanyi398 . Imyitwarire yerekana ko hari gahunda yari izwi yo kwica [Habyarimana] Umunsi wakurikiye ihanurwa ryindege, abanyamahanga bari mu Rwanda bavugaga ko babonaga ba ofisiye bingabo zu Rwanda basaga nkabari mu munsi mukuru nyuma yurupfu rwa Habyarimana, bigasa naho yari gahunda bari bafite mbere yagezweho. Rober Schriewer, wari ukuriye ishami ryubutwererane muri ambasade yu Bubirigi mu Rwanda kuva muri 1991 kugeza muri 1994, yatanze ubuhamya buvuga ukuntu abantu bari bishimye bakora numunsi mukuru Perezida amaze gupfa. Yanavuze ko uwo munsi mukuru wakorewe kwa majoro Bernard Ntuyahaga, waje guhamwa nicyaha cyo kwica ba basirikare cumi bAbabirigi bo muri MINUAR. Rober Schriewer abivuga muri aya magambo : Nageze i Kigali itariki 13 Nzeri 1991 kandi niho ntuye uretse ko njya mu Bubirigi mu biruhuko. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 nari i Kigali. Navuye i Kigali mu ndege ya C 130 mu ijoro ryo ku wa 14 rishyira uwa 15 Mata. Nagarutse i Kigali ku itariki ya 27 Nyakanga. Nari ntuye mu Kiyovu, i Kigali, kuri 24 Avenue des Grands Lacs. Mu ijoro ryuwa 6 ushyira uwa 7 Mata, nari mu rugo numugore wanjye. Ntabwo numvise indege iraswa. Muri iryo joro twumvise urusaku rwamasasu cyangwa ibindi biturika birenze ubusanzwe. Twanumvise nimodoka za gisirikare ziriho radio ziguma guhita, ariko kubera ko tutari twumvise radiyo, ntabwo twari tuzi ibyabaye. Nka saa kumi nimwe za mu gitondo twakanguwe nurusaku rwibisasu biraswa nibibunda bya rutura. Twasanze
Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Marcel Gatsinzi yatangiye i Butare, itariki 16 Kamena 1995, mu rwego rwiperereza ryasabwe numucamanza Damien Vandermeersh. 398 Ubuhamya bwa Charles Zirimwabagabo mu rwego rwiperereza mpuzamahanga ryasabwe numucamanza Damien Vandermeersch rikorerwa mu Rwanda kuva ku itariki ya 5 kugeza ku itariki ya 24 Kamena 1995.
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hagomba kuba habaye ikintu kidasanzwe. Twaratelefonnye tunashyiraho radiyo maze tumenya ibyaraye bibaye. Saa moja nigice navuganye na ambasaderi adutegeka kutava mu mazu. () Kuwa kane, itariki ya 7 Mata, nka saa kumi, umugore wanjye yambwiye ko umuturanyi wacu yari yacanye amatara ku ibaraza, hari urusaku nabantu baseka inyuma yahateganye naho twari dutuye mu nzu iri kuri Avenue de la Jeunesse. () Byaradutangaje cyane cyane kubera ko hari umwuka mubi wagasuhero. Uretse muri urwo rugo, ahandi muri ako gace hari mu kizima, abantu bazimije amatara batinya ko baraswa, ntawe ukoma, hanyuramo tukumva urusaku rwamasasu. Kumva abantu baseka bari mu munsi mukuru ntibyumvikanaga, bituma umugore wanjye avuga ati: Ariko se ni nde ushobora gukora umunsi mukuru mu bihe nkibi ? Nagerageje kumenya uwari utuye muri iyo nzu. Umukozi wo mu rugo aje kwihisha amasasu, ambwira ko hari hatuye umusirikare wumukapiteni. () Nakongeraho ko ku itariki ya 7 mu gitondo, muri Village franais harasiwe amasasu yurufaya. Nyuma nabwiwe na Bwana NKUBITO, Minisitiri wUbutabera wubu, wari utuye mu kagari kamwe na twe, ko ari umuryango wa Justin Niyongira, wakoraga muri minisiteri yimirimo ya Leta, barashe bagerageza guhunga. Nkuko twabibonaga turi mu busitani bwacu, abicanyi bambaye iniforume nutugofero twirabura bitwaje imbunda za kalashnikov banyuranagamo, twibwiye, kimwe numukozi wacu wo mu rugo, ko urwo rujya nuruza rwayoborerwaga mu rugo rwumuturanyi wacu wumusirikare, ku kibanza cya 2. Nyuma ibyo twakekaga byemejwe na NKUBITO ubwe. ()Mu mpeshyi yumwaka wa 1994, i Buruseri, nahuye na Bwana Alphonse-Marie NKUBITO, ataraba Minisitiri ariko hasigaye igihe gito, tuganira ku byabaye mu Rwanda. NKUBITO ambwira ko umuntu twari duturanye wumusirikare, wari ku kibanza cya 2 ari we wicaga abantu mu gice twari dutuyemo, ko yitwaga NTUYAHAGA, umumajoro, yandika iryo zina mu gatabo kanjye399 . Ubu buhamya umuntu abushyize hamwe nubwa Cam Tran, umubirigi wakoraga mu rwego rwubutwererane muri Mata 1994, wabwiye mugenzi we Jacques Collet ko ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, ingabo zu Rwanda zari zitegereje ikintu gikomeye400 . ko abasirikare bAbanyarwanda bamubwiye ko ari umunsi ukomeye, uri bubeho ikintu gikomeye , umuntu yasanga intagondwa zo mu ngabo zu Rwanda, zirimo majoro Ntuyahaga, zari zizi ko indege iri buhanurwe kandi ziteguraga kwishimira ivanwaho rya Perezida Habyarimana. Byaranagaragaye kandi ko hashize iminota mike indege ihanuwe abasirikare bu Rwanda boherejwe vuba cyane mu mpade zingirakamaro za Kigali; ibyo ni ibintu bitashobokaga mu gihe gito, kandi bikozwe ningabo zitunguwe no kwicwa kumugaba wa zo. Byumwihariko abasirikare babajepe bahise bafata ikibuga cyindege cyi Kanombe babuza kugenda abasirikare bAbabirigi bo muri

Ubuhamya Robert Schriewer yatanze imbere yumucamanza Damien Van Dermeersch, PV N 0011/Dosiye n 57/95 J.I/ VANDERMEERSCH, Kigali, itariki 5 Gicurasi 1995. 400 Ubuhamya bwa Jacques Collet itariki 16 Gicurasi 1994, PV n686, dosiye n02 0254594 C8, Urukiko rwa gisirikare rwi Buruseri.

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MINUAR401 bari mo ibice bibiri kimwe gikorera hejuru yinzu zikibuga nikindi gishinzwe kugenzura mu kibuga igihe cyose402 . Muri icyo gihe babuzaga abasirikare bAbabirigi gukora akazi kabo, koloneli Bagosora yasobanuriye Dallaire ko byaba byiza kuvana abasirikare bAbabirigi muri MINUAR, bitangaza cyane Dallaire; dore uko abivuga : Ako kanya, Bagosora yansabye kumusubiza ku gitekerezo cyuko : byaba byiza kuvana Ababirigi muri MINUAR no mu Rwanda kubera inkuru zasakaye ko ari bo bahanuye indege ya perezida. () Ese yari yizeye ko ingabo zimena za MINUAR zava mu rugerero ? Bwari ubwa mbere numva umwe mu bantu bakuru muri goverinoma ya Habyarimana avuga ko badashaka Ababirigi403 . Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege Mu mpaka zigibwa kuri iki kibazo, zimwe mu mpaka zigibwa nabagerageza kuvuga ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zitagize uruhare mu guhanura indege ya Habyarimana ngo nuko nta bikoresho zari zifite kandi nta nabantu bari bafite bashobora gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege nkuko APR yari ibafite, kandi ko imizinga yazo yagenzurwaga na MINUAR; ikindi kandi ngo bari bafite intwaro zirwanya indege nke cyane, kandi nta misile404 bari bafite . MINUAR nta buryo yari ifite bwo kugenzura intwaro zose ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite. Twasobanuye ko abasirikare bu Rwanda bari bahishe imbunda zabo za rutura ahantu MINUAR itashoboraga kugera. Ikindi kandi, mu minsi itatu yabanjirije ihanurwa ryindege, ingabo zu Rwanda zabujije MINUAR kwinjira mu bigo byazo bya gisirikare, birimo icyi Kanombe. Uretse nibyo, nta gushidikanya ko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite abantu nibikoresho byashoboraga guhanura indege. Mu byukuri ingabo zu Rwanda zari zirimo inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zirwanya indege nibindi biguruka ; izo nzobere zigiye mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Ubufaransa, Libiya, Ubushinwa, Koreya no mu Burusiya. Izo nzobere zari mu mashami abiri yingenzi: ishami ryintasi, nishami ryo kurwanya indege nibindi biguruka ryayobowe na koloneli Bagosora igihe kirekire. Iri shami kandi ni ryo ryari rishinzwe kurinda umutekano wikibuga mpuzamahanga cyindege cya Kanombe rikoresheje intwaro zirasa indege zishinze mu nkengero zaho indege zururukira kandi zikavira hasi, zirimo ibirindiro bine bishobora kwimurwa byo kurwanya indege bigizwe numuzinga wiminwa ibiri wa milimetero 37.2 ushinze kuri kamyo: kimwe kiri mu nguni ziburengerazuba niburasirazuba bwikibuga, kimwe ku nyubako yubugenzuzi bwikibuga, hafi yumuhanda windege numunara uyobora indege mu majyaruguru, kimwe hafi yibibandahore mu majyepfo; (); ibibunda birasa indege byiminwa ibiri niminwa ine ya milimetero 14.5, nimizinga yiminwa ibiri ya milimetero 37.2405 . Abahanga bo mu ishami rirasa rikanarashisha indege bari barigishijwe gukoresha sa misile zirasa ku butaka nizirasa mu kirere, bari ba ajuda binararibonye bari bamaze imyaka myinshi mu
401 402

Human Rights Watch, Aucun tmoin, p.221 KIBAT, Chronique 06 Mata -19 Mata 1994, urup.6 na 15-16 403 R. Dallaire, Jai serr la main du diable,op.cit.324 404 Icyemezo cyo gufata abantu cyumucamanza Bruguire, urup. 13 405 MIP, Igice cya II, Imigereka, urup. 268-269.

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gisirikare. Naho inzobere mu ishami ryintasi, zari zarigishijwe gukoresha za misile zirashishwa ibiri ku butaka zitwa Milan zikoreshwa ku modoka zimitamenwa ntoya, kandi bari bazi gukoresha za misile zirasa mu kirere. Ofisiye umwe muri iri shami, Liyetena Habimana, yari yarigiye ubusirikare mu Bufaransa, yiga ubuhanga bwo gukoresha za misile406. Hari na ba suzofisiye bari barigiye mu Bufaransa, mu ishuri bigamo gukoresha imizinga, biga uburyo bwo gukoresha intwaro zihanura indege, harimo na za misile. Abo basirikare ni ajuda Kalinda, Mburenumwe, Nikorotuye na serija Hitimana. Ba ajuda Valens Bayingana, Simon Ngaboyaruti na Gaspard Girukwayo bo mu ishami rirwanya indege nabo ni byo bize muri Koreya no mu Bufaransa407. Urwandiko rwumugaba mukuru wingabo zu Rwanda, koloneli Laurent Serubuga, yandikiye Minisitiri wIngabo, ku itariki ya 17 Mutarama 1992, rugaragaza ko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite abantu binzobere mu ishami rirwanya indege, bafite ubuhanga bwose bukenewe mu gukoresha intwaro zirwanya indege: () urwo rwandiko ruvuga ruti: abasirikare bo mu ishami rirwanya indege boherejwe mu RUHENGERI no ku RUSUMO kurasa indege zizenguruka mu kirere cyacu ariko ntibyashoboka kuko izo ndege zagurukiraga hejuru cyane cyane aho intwaro ishami ryari rifite zitagezaga. Intwaro zariho ni imizinga yiminwa ibiri ya milimetero 37 na Mi AA ya milimetero 14.5, zishobora kurasa indege zigendera mu kirere kigufi gusa, kitarenze metero 1,500 zubutumburuke. Kurinda ikirere cyo hagati (metero 1,500 7,500) hakenewe izindi ntwaro zirushaho gukomera zingana cyangwa zagereranywa na Roland yabafaransa isobanuwe mu mugereka wometse kuri iyi nyandiko. Icyakozwe muri iyi ntambara kizwi na MINADEF nukugura intwaro za SAM 16 zari mu cyiciro cyintwaro zirasa mu kirere cyo hagati kandi zikagira akarusho ko kuba zashingwa ku binyabiziga bito. Iyi dosiye ikwiye kwitabwaho, nkuko musanzwe mubikora, maze ikajya mu bikenewe rusange byo kurinda ubusugire bwigihugu. Icya mbere kigomba kugurwa ni urugaga rwa SAM 16 rugizwe nimizinga 12 na misile 120; into muri izi ntwaro igizwe nibice 4. Imikorere yizi ntwaro nuko bigura biri mu mugereka wa II nuwa III408 . Muri iyi nyandiko, umukuru wingabo zu Rwanda ntanenga ishami rirwanya indege ubuke bwa ryo cyangwa se ubuhanga buke; icyo agaragaza gusa ni uko ibikoresho birwanya indege iryo shami ryari rifite muri 1992 bitashoboraga kurasa kure cyane, akaba yifuza kugira intwaro zirasa indege zikomeye kurenza izo yari afite icyo gihe ; ibyo bikerekana ko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu gukoresha intwaro zirasa indege. Tugiye no gusuzuma inyandiko zinyuranye
Ubuhamya bwa kapiteni Thogne Nsengiyumva, yatangiye i Gako, itariki 19 Kamena 2008; Kaporali Camille Kabagema, wari mu ishami kuva mu 1986 kugeza mu 1994, yatangiye Rubavu, itariki 19 Kamena 2008 ; Kaporali Franois Muhozi, wari mu ishami kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 1994, yatangiye i Nyabihu, itariki 19 Kamena 2008. 407 Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Tharcisse Nsengiyumva, bwatangiwe imbere ya Komite i Kigali itariki 4 Kamena 2008; Kaporali Innocent Ntawiyahura, bwatangiwe imbere ya Komite i Nyamasheke, itariki 3 Ugushyingo 2008, Liyetena Salathiel Makuza, (wari mu ishami ririnda ikibuga cyindege kuva ku itariki 28 Ukwakira 1991 kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994) bwatangiwe imbere ya Komite i Rubavu itariki 21 Ugushyingo 2008. 408 Koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Chef AM AR, Ibarwa n0053/G3.3.2 yandikiye Bwana Minisitiri wingabo zigihugu, i Kigali, itariki 17 Mutarama 1992.
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zerekana ko hagati yumwaka 1990 na 1993, ingabo zu Rwanda zashakishaga mu bihugu byinshi kandi mu gihe gito, za misile nimizinga yo kuzirashisha, bikagaragaza ko ingabo zu Rwanda zitashoboraga gutumiza za misile nta nzobere zifite zo kuzikoresha. Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite misile nimizinga yo kuzirashisha Kugeza ubu hari ibimenyetso mu nyandiko no mu buhamya, bigaragaza ko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite intwaro zirasa indege, zirimo na za misile, zishinze ku buryo zishobora kurasa indege yamanutse, igiye kugera hasi. Itumiza rinyuranye rya za misile nimizinga yo kuzohereza Inyandiko zerekana ko kuva muri 1990, ingabo zu Rwanda zashakishaga zikomeje za misile kugira ngo zongere ingufu zintwaro zari zifite zirimo izirasa indege. Inyandiko ikomoka muri minisiteri yingabo zu Rwanda, ivuga ibyavuzwe mu nama yo ku itariki ya 21 Nzeri 1991, yarimo koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Minisitiri ukuriye ingabo zu Rwanda, jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida ushinzwe umutekano, na ba komanda cumi na batatu bayobora uturere dukorerwamo ningabo zu Rwanda, yerekana ku iyo nama yasabye za misile zo kurasa indege yintasi yazengurukaga hejuru yakarere kibirunga muri perefegitura ya Ruhengeri: Komanda wakarere ka RUHENGERI yavuze ko hari indege igurukira hejuru cyane izenguruka akarere ka CYANIKA nibirunga hafi buri joro kandi intwaro dufite ntizishobora kuyigezaho. () Abari mu nama bemeye bose ko ari indege yintasi yUMWANZI, ifite ibikoresho bituma uyirimo areba neza nijoro, kubera ko buri gihe iyo imaze kuzenguruka, UMWANZI aradutera cyangwa akarasa ibirindiro byacu. Kubera ko tudafite intwaro zirasa indege zishobora kuyihanura, cyangwa kuyitinyisha, inama irasaba ko hakorwa ibishoboka byose misile zo ku butaka zikoreshwa mu guhanura indege zikaboneka. Ariko kubera ko tutazi uko izo misile zigura, bizaba ngombwa kubaza abahanga bo mu bihugu byincuti tukamenya uko igihugu cyacu cyashobora kugura iyo ntwaro409 .

Urwandiko N 0104/G3.9.2.0 rwanditswe na Komanda Joseph Bujyakera ofisiye G2 EM AR arwandikira Umuyobozi mukuru wingabo. Impamvu: Inyandiko-mvugo yInama yabakomanda yimitwe yingabo mu gihugu yabereye i Kigali itariki 21 Nzeri 1991. Abitabye iyo nama: Koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Umuyobozi mukuru wingabo, wayoboye iyo nama; Koloneli BEM Augustin Ndindiliyimana, Minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida ushinzwe umutekano wigihugu; Koloneli AnselmeNshizirungu, Komanda wumutwe wingabo Byumba ; Koloneli BEM Dogratias Nsabimana, Komanda wumutwe wingabo Mutara ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Phnas Munyarugarama, G1 EM AR ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Ephrem Rwabalinda, G3 EM AR ; Liyetena Koloneli BEMSG Aloys Ntiwiragabo, Komanda umutwe wingabo Umujyi wa Kigali ; Liyetena Koloneli BEMS Anatole Nsengiyumva, G2 EM AR ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Balthazar Ndengeyinka, Komanda, umutwe wingabo, Rusumo ; Liyetena koloneli BEM Innocent Kamanzi, Komanda, umutwe wingabo, Kibungo ; Liyetena Koloneli Alphonse Nzungize, Komanda CE CDO Bigogwe ; Liyetena Koloneli BEM Augustin Bizimungu, Umutwe wingabo, Ruhengeri ; Majoro Pascal Ngirumpatse, G4 EM AR ; Majoro BEM Juvnal Bahufite, Komanda, umutwe wingabo, Gisenyi ; Komanda Joseph Bujyakera Joseph, ofisiye G2 EM AR, Umwanditsi wibyavuzwe mu nama.

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Hagati yUgushyingo 1990 na Gashyantare 1992, ingabo zu Rwanda zatumije za misile nimizinga yohereza za misile mu bihugu bitanu bitandukanye, hakoreshejwe inguzanyo ya gisirikare yishyurwa, cyangwa imfashanyo ya gisirikare. Ibyo bihugu ni u Burusiya, Repubulika yabaturage iharanira demokarasi ya Koreya, Misiri, Ubushinwa na Brezil. Mu byukuri, ku itariki ya 31 Nyakanga 1991, minisiteri yububanyi namahanga yu Rwanda yasabye u Burusiya ibikoresho bya gisirikare ku nguzanyo izishyurwa bigizwe n imizinga yohereza misile 12 yubwoko bwa SAM 16 na misile 60 zubwoko bwa SAM 16 (IGLA)410 . Mu nyandiko yo ku itariki ya 22 Ukwakira 1991, minisiteri yongeye gusaba ibyo bikoresho muri ambasade yu Burusiya i Kigali411. Uwo munsi, inyandiko isa niyi yohererejwe ambasaderi wa Repubulika yabaturage iharanira demokarasi ya Koreya i Kigali, isaba intwaro nkizo: imizinga yohereza za misile itandatu yubwoko bwa SAM 16 na za misile 30 zubwoko bwa SAM 16 (IGLA)412 . Ku itariki ya 13 Nyakanga 1992, ambasade yu Burusiya mu Rwanda yohereje ibarwa yemerera Minisiteri yububanyi namahanga yu Rwanda yohereza kopi muri Minisiteri yingabo zigihugu ivuga ko: Guverinoma yIgihugu cyu Burusiya yemeye guha u Rwanda, mu myaka 1992 1993, ibikoresho bya gisirikare biri kuri lisiti yometse kuri uru rwandiko; igiciro cyabyo ni miliyoni 26 zamadolari yamanyamerika. Azishyurwa mu mwaka ibyo bikoresho bizatangwamo, mu mafaranga ashobora kuvunjwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Igice cyayo mafaranga gishobora kwishyurwa mu bicuruzwa biva mu Rwanda. U Burusiya buzohereza intumwa za Leta mu Rwanda, cyangwa bwakire intumwa zu Rwanda i Moscou igihe impande zombi zizumvikanaho kandi bashyire umukono ku masezerano yerekeye uko ibyo bikoresho bizatangwa . Kuri lisiti yibikoresho bya gisirikare u Burusiya bwemeye guha Guverinoma yu Rwanda harimo intwaro zirwanya indege zitwa: () - Intwaro 30 zirwanya indege zishobora gutwarwa mu maboko zubwoko bwa (SAM) IGLA 1M (AIGUILLE 1M) - Imizinga yinyabubiri irasa indege ya milimetero 23 yubwoko bwa ZU-23 (Shield) - Amasasu yizi ntwaro 413. Minisiteri yububanyi namahanga yu Rwanda imaze kubona uru rwandiko yabibwiye minisiteri yingabo zigihugu, minisiteri yingabo isubiza nibaruwa yo ku itariki 27 Nyakanga 1992 ivuga iti: Twiteguye kwakira intumwa zu Burusiya i KIGALI kugirango tuganire ku bikoresho twifuza kuvana mu Burusiya nuburyo tuzishyuramo dukoresheje inguzanyo tuzabibonera414 . Ku itariki ya 17 Mutarama 1992, ukuriye ingabo zu Rwanda, koloneli Laurent Serubuga yandikiye Minisitiri wingabo, yoherereza kopi komanda wishami rirwanya indege nushinzwe
MINAFFET, Urwandiko n65 Urwandiko n 1051/16.00/CAB rwa Dogiteri Casimir Bizimungu, Minisitiri wUbubanyi namahanga wu Rwanda yandikiye ambasaderi wUburusiya (Repuburika zunze ubumwe zabasoviyeti).
411 412 410

Ibarwa n 1062/16.00/CAB ambasaderi wa Koreya i Kigali yandikiwe na Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga.

Itangazo n 45 ryo ku itariki 13 Nyakanga 1992 Dogiteri James Gasana, Minisitiri wingabo, ibarwa n1450/06.1.9, yandikiye Minisitiri wUbubanyi namahanga nubutwererane, Kigali, itariki 27 Nyakanga 1992. Impamvu : Inguzanyo yUburusiya yibikoresho bya gisirikare.
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amabanga ya gisirikare mu ngabo zu Rwanda amwibutsa ko ubuyobozi bwa Minisiteri yIngabo buzi uko twabigenje; twaguze intwaro zubwoko bwa SAM 16 ziri mu cyiciro cyintwaro zirasa mu kirere cyo hagati kandi zifite akarusho ko gutwarwa ku tunyabiziga dutoya. Iyi dosiye ikwiye kwitabwaho, nkuko musanzwe mubikora, maze ikajya mu bikenewe rusange byo kurinda ubusugire bwigihugu. Icya mbere kigomba kugurwa ni urugaga rwa SAM 16 rugizwe nimizinga 12 na misile 120; into muri izi ntwaro igizwe nibice 4415 . Inyandiko za Koloneli Serubuga zanditseho Ibanga zifite nimigereka itatu irimo imbonerahamwe ya gahunda yo kurinda ikibuga cyindege cyi Kanombe ibitero biturutse mu kirere, ibisobanuro byibikoresho bya gisirikare byatumijwe mu Misiri, isobanura rya za misile nimizinga yohereza misile na byo byagombaga kuva mu Misiri byihutirwa. Iyi migereka yombi ya nyuma mu byukuri ni za kopi za fagisi zituma ryibikoreshwa byingabo zu Rwanda mu Misiri ku itariki ya 2 Nzeri 1991416. Izo za misile zari ziteye zitya: IGLA (SA-16) IGLA-1: intwaro irasa indege itwarwa mu maboko igizwe na : Igifunga 9p-519 Inda 9p-622 Za misile 9M-313 Igihe byakorewe: 1990/91 Aho bikomoka: U Burusiya/Burugariya Umubare wa byo: Misile 100; Ibyohereza misile 20. Igihe bizagerera aho bitumiwe: Bitarenze minsi 30 ibarwa ibitumiza yakiriwe Igiciro: Icyohereza misile: $(US) 30,000 + Ubwikorezi kugera mu cyambu cyo muri Afurika; Misile: $(US) 70,000 + Ubwikorezi kugera mu cyambu cyo muri Afurika. Kwishyura: Nkuko byemeranyijwe Ubugenzuzi: Mu cyambu bizashyirirwa mu bwato Ubwishingizi: Nkuko uwakoze ibikoresho abutanga Igihe bizamara: Amezi abiri Ku itariki ya 12 Mutarama 1992, ambasaderi wu Rwanda mu Bushinwa yoherereje ubutegetsi bwu Rwanda inyandiko ivuga ko yaganiriye na koloneli Chen Hong Sheng, ukuriye ishami ryibiro bishinzwe ibikoresho nubutwererane bwa gisirikare, avuga ko Ubushinwa bwiteguye gusuzuma icyifuzo cyu Rwanda gisaba inguzanyo izishyurwa mu gihe kirekire, yo kugura intwaro zabashinwa . Casimir Bizimungu, minisitiri wububanyi namahanga nubutwererane yoherereje vuba ibiri muri iyi nyandiko minisitiri wingabo amubwira gutegura vuba lisiti yintwaro igihugu cyacu gishobora kubona mu nshuti zacu zabashinwa zigahabwa ingabo zacu

Koloneli Laurent Serubuga, Chef AM AR, ibarwa n 0053/G3.3.2 yandikiye Minisitiri wingabo zigihugu, Kigali itariki 12 Mutarama 1992. Impamvu: Kurinda u Rwanda ibitero biturutse mu kirere. 416 Kuri fagisi handitseho aho inyandiko itumira yavuye, nitariki urwandiko rwandikiwe (2.9.91)

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zirwana nINYENZI-INKOTANYI 417 hanyuma u Rwanda rusaba intwaro namasasu, harimo na za misile, rubicishije kuri ambasade ya Repubulika iharanira abaturage yu Bushinwa mu Rwanda. Ku itariki ya 30 Mutarama 1992, ambasade yUbushinwa mu Rwanda yoherereje Minisitiri wu Rwanda wububanyi namahanga ibarwa amubwira ko Guverinoma yUbushinwa yemeye guha u Rwanda inguzanyo mu rwego rwa gisirikare idasaba inyungu yamadolari yamanyamerika miliyoni imwe nigice yo kugura intwaro namasasu mu Bushinwa () ikaba isaba ko Minisiteri yoherereza bidatinze urutonde rwintwaro namasasu Ingabo zu Rwanda zikeneye418 . Kwitariki ya mbere Gashyantare 1992, abayobozi bu Rwanda bakoze bivuye inyuma kugira ngo baronke ibisasu bya misile. Koko rero kuri iyo tariki, Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga, Cazimiri Bizimungu, yandikiye mugenzi we wIngabo, Koloneli Ndindiriyimana, amusaba gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo urutonde rwintwaro namasasu bigomba kugurwa mu Bushinwa ruboneke vuba, mu gihe hategerejwe ko inyandiko ibemerera umwenda irangizwa kugira ngo isinywe nimpande zombi419. Uwo munsi, Koloneli Ndindiriyimana yahise asubiza asobanura ibikoresho bya gisirikare bigomba kuboneka vuba na bwangu bivuye mu Bushinwa . Muri byo haboneka, Ibibunda 6 bitera za misile SAM 7 cyangwa 16 nibindi 100 bitera misile SAM 7 cyangwa 16 420. Kuri iyo tariki na none, Koloneli Ndindiriyimana yandikiye Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga indi baruwa yatangaga mo urutonde rwibikoresho bya tekiniki bya gisirikare bihwanye namafaranga yu Rwanda 2 874 674 288 ariko noneho bikava mu gihugu cya Brsil. Kuri urwo rutonde hagaragara Ibibunda 4 bitera misile SAM 16 nibisasu 50 bya misile SAM 16 421. Hanyuma gutumiza ibyo bikoresho byagejejwe na Minisiteri yUbubanyi nAmahanga kuri Ambasade yu Rwanda, i Washington, kugira ngo ibikurikirane, kwitariki ya 5 Gashyantare 1992 422. Mu yandi magambo, umunsi u Rwanda rusaba ibyo bibunda nibisasu byabyo mu Bushinwa, rwabishakiraga no muri Brsil, bikaba byerekana ko cyari ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane Ingabo zu Rwanda na Guverinema yarwo. Hakwiye kwerekanwa, urebye ayo mabaruwa yose, ko uko kwiyongera kurucuragano rwIngabo zIgihugu kugira ngo haboneke ibisasu bya misile kongeje umurego nyuma yibaruwa itabaza ya Koloneli Serubuga, yo ku wa 17 Mutarama 1992, yasabaga byihutirwa cyane imbunda zikomeye zirasa indege zagereranywa cyangwa zimeze nka Roland yAbafaransa.
Dr Casimir Bizimungu, minisitire wububanyi namahanga, ibarwa n 0068/16.00.00/CAB, yandikiye minisitiri wingabo zigihugu, Kigali, itariki 25 Mutarama 1992. Impamvu : Imikoranire ya gisirikare nUbushinwa. 418 Ambasade yUbushinwa mu Rwanda, Itangazo B.C.E. n 1/92, ryo ku itariki 30 Mutarama 1992. Dogiteri Casimir Bizmungu, Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga, kuri Bwana Minisitiri wIngabo zIgihugu, ibaruwa n0082/16.00/CAB, Kigali, 1 Gashyantare 1992 420 Koloneli BEM Minisitiri wIngabo z Igihugu, ibaruwa n0161/02.1.9 nImigerekawayo kuri Bwana Minisitiri wUbubanyi nAmahanga, Kigali, ku wa mbere Gashyantare 1992. Impamvu : Ibikenewe mu bikoresho bya tekiniki bya gisirikare. 421 Koloneli BEM Ndindiriyimana Augustin, ibaruwa n0160/02.1.9, Kigali, ku wa mbere Gashyantare 1992. Impamvu : Ibikenewe mu bikoresho bya tekiniki bya gisirikare. 422 Minisiteri yUbubanyi nAmahanga nUbutwererane, FAX n166 bis/001/CAB
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Hanyuma, raporo ya Minisitiri wu Rwanda wIngabo zIgihugu, James Gasana, ku miterere yubutwererane bwu Rwanda nUbufaransa mu rwego rwa gisirikare hagati ya 1992 n1993 yerekana neza ibyo u Rwanda rwasabaga Ubufaransa kugira ngo rubone misile zirasa mu kirere : (a) Kugira ngo twongere ubushobozi bwo kwitabara, turasaba Ubufaransa kuduha intwaro zikurikira : Imizinga 105 mm : 6 Mitarayeze 12,7 mm : 30 Mortiers 120 mm rays : 10 Mortiers 80 mm : 20

Uko ibintu bimeze ubu ku rugamba birerekana ko kubona iyo mizinga nizo mitarayeze no kubigezwaho muri iki cyumweru byihutirwa cyane rwose. (b) Ku birebana no kurasa indege, twifuzaga kuronka ibisasu bya misile birasa mu kirere ahantu haringaniye, tukabona ibibunda 12 nibisasu 150. Turasaba kandi Ubufaransa guha batayo zacu, nibura eshatu, ibyuma bireba nijoro . Ibyavuye mu maperereza ya MINUAR nayabigenga Nyuma ya Jenoside, MINUAR II yashyizeho vuba itsinda ryabahanga mu gukora amaperereza. Mu byo bakozeho hari ihanurwa ryindege ya Habyalimana. Komite yaganiriye na Kapiteni Sean Moorhouse, umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo zAbongereza, wakoze kuri iki kibazo nkumukozi wa MINUAR, kuva muri Nzeri 1994 kugera muri Werurwe 1995. Sean Moorhouse yabanje kwerekana ko akigera mu Rwanda, Jenerali Guy Toussignant, wasimbuye Dallaire ku buyobozi bwa MINUAR, yamusabye gushaka amakuru kwihanurwa ryindege no kuri Jenoside cyane cyane. Kubera ibyo, Sean Moorhouse yakoranye nabandi bahanga batatu ba MINUAR bakomoka muri Canada, Ostraliya no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe zAmerika. Sean Moorhouse yabwiye Komite ko iryo tsinda rya MINUAR ryakiraga amakuru menshi cyane avuye ahantu henshi cyane hanyuma ayo makuru akajorwa, akayungururwa ndetse agasesengurwa hakagumanwa ayegereye ukuri kurusha ayandi. Ku birebana nintwaro zirasa mu kirere Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite, Sean Moorhouse yavuze ko abo bakoranye banditse raporo ku ntwaro Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zitunze bahereye ku makuru bahawe nAbanyamerika muri Zayire, mu makambi yimpunzi aho ingabo zu Rwanda zari no mu bubiko bwintwaro zabo mu kigo cya gisirikare cyingabo za Zayire hafi ya Goma. Hanyuma, Sean Moorhouse yasobanuye neza ko raporo kuri izo ntwaro imaze gukorwa yayigejeje ku bamukuriye. Sean Moorhouse yemeye ko urwo rutonde ari rumwe nurwatangajwe na Human Rights Watch uretse ibijyanye na za Mistral , we avuga ko ntazari ku rutonde yoherereje abamukuriye muri MINUAR423. Koko rero, mu Ukuboza 1994, Human Rights Watch yatangaje raporo ivuga ko Ingabo zu Rwanda, mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, zari zifite intwaro zirasa mu kirere zikomeye zazanye muri Zayire zimaze gutsindwa. Iyo raporo igizwe nibi bikurikira :
423

Ubuhamya bwa Sean Moorhouse bwakiriwe na Komite i Cotonou, ku wa 04, 05 na 06 Ukuboza 2008

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 Abasirikare bu Rwanda baba bagifite ibisasu bya rutura nibimodoka byimitamenwa bitwara abantu bihishe mu bushyinguro bwibikoresho i Goma aho bakeka ko birinzwe nigisirikare cya Zayire. Mu butumwa bwayo mu karere, mu Ukwakira nUgushyingo, Human Rights Watch/Africa yabonye ibaruramutungo rirambuye ryintwaro zIngabo zahoze ari iza Guverinoma yu Rwanda. Mu bikoresho harimo : + Kajugujugu 6 ( Dauphin 1, Alouette2, Gazelle 3) + Ibisasu birasa za Mutamenwa 50 (75mn recoilless rifles) + Misile 40-50 SA-7 +Misile Mistral AAM 15 +Ibisasu birasa mu kirere 46 (37mm, 23mm, 14.5 AAMG) + Morutsiye 255 (120 mm, 82 mm, 60mm) +Ibisasu bya rutura 6105 mm +Mutamenwa zitwara abantu 56 (zifite imizinga na za mitarayeze)424 . Iperereza rya Human Rights Watch nubuhamya bwa Kapiteni Sean Moorhouse bituma byumvikana ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite intwaro zirasa mu kirere zikomeye kuko zari zifite za Mistral nazo zikaba intwaro zikomeye nka za SAM-16, kuko Mistral irasa mu bilometero 5 ikagira nibiro 20 , naho SAM-16 IGLA (URSS), yiswe Gimlet na OTAN, yo irasa mu bilometero 5, kimwe na Mistral, ikagira nibiro 18 425. Ibi bivuguruza ibyo Intumwa zInteko Ishinga Amategeko Ishinzwe Iperereza yUbufaransa zatangaje zivuga ko : Ubushobozi bwo kurasa mu kirere bwIngabo zu Rwanda, bwagaragajwe na Human Rights Watch, bushobora gukemangwa kubera ko MINUAR itigeze na rimwe inakeka ko intwaro zivugwa ziriho kugeza mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994. Ingabo zu Rwanda nta nubwo zigeze zikoresha ubwo bwoko bwitwaro kubera ko FPR itagiraga ibirwanisho byo mu kirere. Hanyuma raporo ya Human Rights Watch ivuga za SAM-7 cyangwa za Mistral zonyine kandi, hakurikijwe ukuri kose gushoboka, ibisasu byakoreshejwe mwihanurwa ryindege ari ibyo mu bwoko bwa SAM-16 Gimlet 426. Ikosa nkiryo ryakozwe numucamanza Bruguire igihe ahakana uruhare rwingabo zu Rwanda mwihanurwa ryindege ngo kubera ko : Ingabo zu Rwanda ntizagiraga mu ntwaro zazo ibisasu birasa indege, ariko zari zifite imbunda zirasa mu kirere zisanzwe zizwi ( Mitarayeze nimizinga irasa mu kirere) ari na zo ziboneka mwibarurabintu ryintwaro ziremereye cyangwa rusange zashinzwe MINUAR ngo izirinde, hakaba nta gisasu na kimwe cyo mu bwoko bwa misile zirasa indege cyabonekagamo427 . Amakuru yatanzwe na Human Rights Watch siyo yonyine kuko misile Mistral 15 zo mu ntwaro zingabo zu Rwanda zari zaravuzwe ningabo zUbubiligi za MINUAR, zavugaga zibishimangira, mu gihe kitageze ku cyumweru mbere yuko indege ihanurwa, ko i Kigali hashobora gutererwa za misile ku ndege zo mu bwoko bwa C-130 zingabo zirwanira mu kirere zUbubiligi428. Kuri iyo ngingo, Intumwa za Sena yUbubiligi zerekanye ko zamenye ko hari
424 425

Human Rights Watch/Africa, Rwanda,a new catastrophe , Ukuboza 1994, Igit. 6, N12 J. Morel na G. Kapler, op. cit., urup.8 426 MIP, Raporo, urup.218 427 Jean-Louis Bruguire, Icyemezo cyUmucamanza, urup.43 428 J. Morel na G. Kapler, op.cit., urup.16, impugukirwa 48

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ubutumwa (tlex) bwavaga kuri Wing ya 15 yIngabo zo mu kirere, yaciye kuri C Ops igenewe KIBAT II. Iyo tlex, yo ku wa 5 Mata, yaburiraga KIBAT II ko Indege C130 yagombaga kugera i Kigali ku wa 6 Mata, yaba ifite ibyuma bihanitse mwikoranabuhanga byo kwirinda (ECM), kubera ubwoba bwuko C130 zacu ziri mu butumwa muri Afurika zaterwa ibisasu biturutse hasi429. Hakwiye kwibutswa ko inzego zishinzwe iperereza zUbubiligi zari zifite amakuru ahamye kuburyo ibintu byari byifashe mu Rwanda muri politiki no mu gisirikare zahabwaga nabasilikare bAbabiligi bo muri MINUAR hamwe na Koloneli Vincent wari ushinzwe ubutwererane mu bya gisirikare430. Aha rero umuntu yakwemeza ko kugira ngo Ububiligi bushyire mu ndege yabwo C 130 ibyuma bipima hakiri kare aho ibisasu bya misile bituruka ari uko bwari buzi neza impamvu yabyo. Iyo mu byukuri hataza kubaho icyo batinyaga, nta mpamvu yuko guteganya kutari kwarigeze kuba mbere yukwezi kwa Mata bwagaragara. Dallaire, ku ruhande rwe, ahamya ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite intwaro zirasa mu kirere numubare utazwi wa za misile zo mu bwoko bwa SA-7431, izi ntwaro zirahagije kugira ngo hahanurwe indege iri hafi kugwa ku kibuga. SAM-7 Strella koko rero irasa hagati yibilometero 3.2 na 4.2 432, kandi hagati ya Kanombe na Masaka/Rusororo aho indege zinyura ziri hafi yo kugwa ku kibuga hari intera ya kilometero 1 upimye ikirere. Hanyuma, amaperereza yakozwe numunyamakuru Patrick De Saint Exupry mu basilikare bAbafaransa, yasanze hagati yimpera za 1993 nintangiliro ya 1994, umuntu wicyegera cya Paul Barril yarasabye ko Guverinoma yu Rwanda yabona za misile 2 zirasa mu kirere. Uwo muntu yabanje kubisaba umucuruzi wintwaro, Dominique Lemonnier, hanyuma abisaba ikigo cyo mu Bufaransa cyazobereye mu kohereza hanze ibikoresho byintambara. Patrick De Saint Exupry asubiramo inyandiko afite yumusilikare mukuru wumufaransa wavuye ku rugerero ahamya ibi : Mbahamirije ko namenye ko hasabwe, niba nibuka neza, hagati yUgushyingo 1993 na Gashyantare 1994, ko hatangwa misile ebyiri zirasa indege. Ndibuka neza ko inshuti yanjye Dominique Lemonnier (Igisobanuro cyUbwanditsi(NDLR) : umugabo wumunyemali wacuruzaga intwaro mu Rwanda, wapfuye azize umutima wahagaze ku wa 11 Mata 1997), yarabimbwiye icyo gihe kandi yambwiye ko iryo tumizwa ryintwaro rigomba kuba ryaratanzwe nicyegera cyuwahoze ari Kapiteni Barril : kandi ko, uko abizi, rimaze kwangwa, hiyambajwe ikigo cyubucuruzi cyo mu Bufaransa, cyemewe, kigurisha hanze ibikoresho byintambara433. Mu rubanza rwa Koloneli Bagosora imbere yUrukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ibaruwa ya Koloneli Serubuga yavuzwe haruguru yerekanywe nuhagarariye umushinjacyaha nka kimwe mu bimenyimenyi byuko ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite za misile zirasa indege. Koloneli Bagosora yireguye avuga ko ntazo bigeze batunga
Raporo ya Sena yUbubiligi, op.cit., urup.401 Koloneli Andr Vincent, Kumva ubuhamya, ku wa 09 Ugushyingo 1995, byakozwe nubushinjacyaha bwa Polisi mu butabera bwa gisirikare ; Inyandiko Mvugo n1223 yo ku wa 09/11/95 (inyandiko, urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga) 431 R. Dallaire, Jai serr la main du diableop.cit, imp. 112-113 432 J. Morel na G. Kapler, op.cit., urup.15. Abo banditsi berekana ko za SA-7 Strela zirasa inyuma yintego 433 Patrick De Saint Exupry, France-Rwanda : Dangereuses liaisons , Le Figaro, 31 Werurwe 1998
430 429

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nubwo bwose bazitumije bakanaziherwa ibiciro (Facture pro forma). Uhagarariye umushinjacyaha yashimangiye ko nimero zerekana buri misile ziri ku nyemezabiciro ari zimwe nizabonetse ku bisasu ingabo zu Rwanda zivuga ko zatoraguye i Masaka nyuma yihanurwa ryindege. Bagosora arasubiza : Twagize umugambi wo gutumiza intwaro ; ntabwo twaguze. Hagati aho undi muntu yashoboraga kugura434 ! Ni nde wundi, mu mwanya wIngabo zigihugu, washoboye kugura za misile zifite nimero zihuye nizintwaro abasirikare bakuru bIngabo zu Rwanda berekanye bavuga ko ariyo yakoreshejwe mwihanurwa ryindege, nkuko uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha abivuga ? Umutangabuhamya Mugenzi Richard, wari ushinzwe ikigo cyo kumviriza no gutanga amakuru mu Ngabo zigihugu cyari ku Gisenyi, wajyaga kandi yakira amabanga yabasirikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zigihugu bari bashinzwe imirimo ikomeye ya gisirikare, yavuze ko Liyetena Bizumuremyi wari ushinzwe amaperereza ya gisirikare ku Gisenyi akaba nicyegera cya Liyetena Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, yamubwiye, mu mwaka w1993, ko Ingabo zIgihugu zari zifite misile zirasa indege zahawe nUbufaransa. Bizumuremyi yasobanuriye neza Mugenzi Richard ko izo misile zavuye mu zo Ubufaransa bwari bwarakuye mu ntambara yo muri Irak : Indi nkuru namenye irebana nintwaro zirasa indege Ingabo zIgihugu zari zifite. Mu mezi ya nyuma yumwaka w1993, sinibuka neza ukwezi, Liyetena Bizumuremyi wari ushinzwe amaperereza ya gisilikare ku Gisenyi, twakoranaga kenshi nkushinzwe gufata amakuru atangwa na za radiyo zinyuranye zikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya gisilikare, yambwiye ko Ingabo zigihugu zari zifite misile zirasa indege zaherukaga guhabwa nUbufaransa muri iyo minsi. Bizumuremyi yavuze ibyo tuganira ku nkunga u Rwanda rwabonaga muri icyo gihe cyintambara. Ni bwo yashimaga cyane ubucuti bwu Rwanda nUbufaransa anashimangira cyane agaciro kabwo amenyesha ko Ubufaransa bweretse Ingabo zu Rwanda ubufatanye bwabwo butanga za misile zirasa indege. BIZUMUREMYI yansobanuriye neza ko izo misile zavuye mu ntwaro Abafaransa bakuye muri Irak yongeraho ko Abafaransa bahaye Ingabo zuRwanda zimwe muri misile zari muri iyo minyago. Azivuga, Bizimungu yamenyesheje ko tudakwiye guhagarika umutima kubera ko Ingabo zacu zari zifite ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bigezweho mu rwego rwa tekiniki nurwa gisilikare, harimo nintwaro zirasa mu kirere zatuma Ingabo zacu zirwana intambara zishobora gusenya indege. Na none, igihe twari mu buhungiro muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, abasilikare bakuru bIngabo zu Rwanda bavugaga kenshi impamvu yatumye batsindwa, bavuga ko babitewe no kwica mo ibice, bamwe bagahugira mu bwicanyi no mu busahuzi aho kurwanya FPR. Muri izo mpaka, bavugaga ubwoko bwamasasu bari bafite, bakibutsa za misile zo ku butaka nizo mu kirere bari bafite kandi zarakwijwe mu bigo bya gisilikare bikomeye bya Kanombe, Kigali ndetse no mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida435. Igitangaje cyane ni uko itsinda ryInteko Ishinga Amategeko yUbufaransa ryari rishinzwe iperereza zatangaje urutonde rwa za misile zari mu ntwaro zingabo za Uganda zerekana uko

Hirondelle, 07 Gashyantare 2006 : http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/ae1a63a52497bb724325710e 435 Ubuhamya Mugenzi Richard yahaye Komite i Kigali, ku wa 29 Ukuboza 2008

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inimero zazo zikurikirana436, ariko zagera ku rutonde no ku nimero zizavanywe muri Irak nIngabo zAbafaransa zikaruca zikarumira. Uko kugaragaza ukuri igice kuboneka nko gushaka kuguhisha kuko hari amakuru menshi ahura nubwo buhamya bwa Mugenzi Richard yerekana ko Abafaransa bashobora kuba barahaye Ingabo zu Rwanda igice cya za misile zafatiwe muri Irak.

Gutunga za misile kwa A.P.R. ntigufitiwe ibimenyetso

Mu mwaka w1995, Filip Reyntjens yabyukije ikibazo gikomeye kitigeze kibona igisubizo mbere yuko ishyirwaho rya MIP ryerekana ibi : () mu gihe abagize MINUAR batemererwaga kugera aho indege ya Perezida yaguye, abasilikare bAbafaransa, barimo Komanda De Saint QUINTIN, bagiye aho indege yaguye kuva ku mugoroba wuwa 6 Mata banasubirayo bucyeye. Bahavanye ibimene byibyuma byindege nibya za misile byo koherezwa i Paris kugira ngo abahanga babyigeho. Ibyo nibyo byari gutuma hamenyekana ubwoko bwintwaro yakoreshejwe, ariko nta mwanzuro numwe wigeze ugezwa ahagaragara 437. Mu gihe MIP yakoraga imirimo yayo, Minisiteri yIngabo zIgihugu yUbufaransa yahaye Intumwa zInteko Ishinga Amategeko yabo ifishi yamakuru iturutse mu nyandiko zishyinguye zayo ishaka ...kwerekana ko FPR yabigambanye na Perezida wa Uganda Museveni ari yo yahanuye indege ya ba Perezida HABYALIMANA na NTARYAMIRA wu Burundi, ku wa 6 Mata 1994, i KIGALI438. Iyo nyandiko ya Minisiteri yIngabo zIgihugu yUbufaransa irega ku buryo butihishiriye FPR ihereye kwisesengura ryakorewe ibisigazwa bya za misile ryakozwe nAbafaransa ngo byaba byaratoraguwe aho indege yaguye : Abahanuye indege bakoresheje za SA 16 zakorewe mu Burusiya (hakurikijwe ibimanyu byatoraguwe aho indege yaguye)439 ; ku rundi ruhande, ikirego gishingira ku bintu bibiri bidahagije kugira ngo byemerwe : icya mbere ni umwanzuro uvuga ko ubwo bwoko bwintwaro nta wundi wari kubugira utari FPR kuko ngo yagombaga kuba yarazihawe nigisirikare cya Uganda, icya kabiri ni uko Igisirikare cyu Rwanda kitagiraga izo misile kubera ko nta ntambara yo mu kirere cyatinyaga440. Biratangaje cyane kubona raporo ya MIP ikurikira, ikirenge mu kindi, inyandiko ya Minisiteri yIngabo yavuzwe haruguru, yanzura nta gihamya, ko ubwoko bwa misile zahanuye Falcon 50 bwagombaga kuba ubwa FPR kuko Uganda yari izifite kandi ko Igisirikare cyu Rwanda nta ntambara yo mu kirere cyatinyaga. Iyo mvugo idahwitse ituma hibazwa byinshi ku kuri kwaba kwaravuye muri iryo perereza ryAbafaransa.

Ibimenyetso bidafatika bya MIP

Mu migereka ya MIP, hatangajwe inyandiko zirega FPR kuba yari itunze za misile SAM 7, SAM 14 na SAM 16, nta kwerekana ikimenyetso na kimwe kibihamya. Iya mbere ni ibaruwa ya Koloneli Sbastien Ntahobari wakoraga muri Ambasade yu Rwanda mu Bufaransa mu rwego
436 437

MIP, Imigereka, urup.260 Filip Reytjens, Rwanda, Trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire, LHarmattan, 1995, urup.30 438 MIP, Igitabo II, Imigereka, urup.278 439 Ibidem, urup.281 440 Icyemezo cyumucamanza Bruguire, urup.40 nizikurikira

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rwa gisilikare mu mwaka w1994, yo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1998, yandikiwe Depite Paul Quils, ivuga ibikurikira : Ikoresheje za misile SAM 7 na SAM 14, FPR yahanuye : - indege yubutasi BN2A-21 i Matimba hafi ya Kagitumba, ku wa 07 Ukwakira 1990. Kajugjugu Gazelle SA342M i Nyakayaga hafi ya Gabiro, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 1990. () Ingabo zirwanira ku butaka zahanyaze imbunda zirenga indwi zari zakoreshejwe na FPR iturasira indege. Ibyo bitembo bya za misile kimwe nibindi bikoresho byintambara byanyazwe umwanzi byamaze igihe kirekire mu cyumba cyIshuri Rikuru rya Gisilikare aho Abadepite bu Rwanda nAbahagarariye Ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda babishaka bari bemerewe kubireba. Birumvikana ko ibigize ibyo bikoresho byintambara byoherejwe i Paris kugira ngo abahanga babyigeho binyujijwe ku mukozi wa Ambasade yUbufaransa mu Rwanda wari ushinzwe ibya gisilikare icyo gihe, Koloneli Galini . Koloneli Ntahobari nta cyemezo na kimwe atanga ku byo avuga, ashimishwa gusa no kwerekana ko kugera mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 1992 yategekaga indege za gisilikare zu Rwanda, ko kubera ibyo rero yari uwa mbere urebwa namakuba bene izo ntwaro zari gutera mu ntambara . Inyandiko ebyiri zifite irango ryimigereka ya MIP zemeza ko abayobozi bingabo zAbafaransa bari mu Rwanda icyo gihe bari batunze Misile SAM-16 ari yo Ingabo zu Rwanda zivuga ko zanyaze FPR441. Ubwa mbere hari telegaramu ebyiri zo mu rwego rwibanishabihugu zo ku wa 19 no ku wa 22 Gicurasi 1991 zanditswe na Koloneli Galini yandikira abamukuriye avuga ko intwaro irasa indege yAbasoviyeti yo mu bwoko bwa S.A. 16 ()yanyazwe inyeshyamba ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991 bakubitaniye mu cyanya cyAkagera agasobanura ko iyo ntwaro ari nshya kandi ko inkomoko yayo ishobora kuba ari Uganda . Iyo telegaramu ishimangira ko Ibiro bikuru byIngabo zu Rwanda byiteguye gushyikiriza ushinzwe ibya gisilikare muri Ambasade yUbufaransa imwe muri izo ntwaro , bikaba bisobanura ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zitunze misile nyinshi zubwo bwoko kuko zivuga ko zari ziteguye kwoherereza Abafaransa intwaro imwe muri izo442 . Inyandiko ya kabiri ni ibaruwa yakurikiye telegaramu za Koloneli Galini, yanditswe na Jenerali Christian Quesnot, umuyobozi wihariye wIbiro bya Perezida Mitterand, aho amenyesha ko ikindi gitero cyinyeshyamba zabatutsi na Uganda cyagabwe ku wa 17 no ku wa 18 Gicurasi mu Majyaruguru yi Burasirazuba bwu RWANDA muri icyo gitero Ibikoresho byinshi byanyagiwe mwikotaniro. Muri byo hari Misile SAM 16 igendanwa iheruka gukorwa (aho irasa : 5 Km). Jenerali Quesnot akongera : Ibyo bikoresho, bishya kandi bishobora kuba byaraturutse muri Uganda, byerekana icyerekezo gishya kandi giteye inkeke cyimfashanyo amahanga aha inyeshyamba. Mu gihe ubufatanye bwa Uganda bwaba bwemejwe kuri iyi ngingo isobanutse, byaba ngombwa kubonana byumwihariko na Perezida MUSEVENI443 .

TD N145/AD/RWA na TD n148/AD/RWA ya Koloneli Ren Galini, ushinzwe ibya gisilikare akanayobora ibiro byubutwererane mu bya gisilikare, 19 Gicurasi1991 na 22 Gicurasi 1991 ; TD ya Koloneli Bernard Cussac, ushinzwe ibya gisilikare, 10 Kanama 1991 na 13 Kanama 1991 ; Ibaruwa ya Jenerali Christian Quesnot, umuyobozi wIbiro Bikuru byIngabo wihariye wa Perezida wa Repubulika, 23 Gicurasi 1991. 442 J. Morel na G. Kapler, A propos dun missile Sam-16 trouv par les FAR en 1991 , inyandiko , 04 Kamena 2005 443 Jenerali Quesnot, Ibaruwa yandikiwe Bwana Perezida wa Repubulika, 23 Gicurasi 1991.

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Indi nyandiko yindi ni telegaramu ya Koloneli Bernard Cussac, wasimbuye Koloneli Galini ku mwanya wushinzwe igisilikare, ivuga ibyavuye mwibazwa yakoreye abafatiwe ku rugamba ba FPR bari bafungiwe mu magereza yu Rwanda : Ku birebana naho misile FPR yakoresheje zaturutse, umunyururu umwe, Gasore John, wategekaga kompanyi mu Nkotanyi arangije amahugurwa y abasanzwe mu gisilikare muri NRA, yatangaje ko azi SA 16. FPR yaba yaratunzemo zimwe kuva ku wa 4 Ukwakira imaze kuzigura i Bulayi nabazicuruza magendu444 . Iyi telegaramu yakurikiwe nindi yo ku wa 13 Kanama 1991, muri yo Koloneli Cussac akaba yarabazaga uburyo yakoresha ngo atware iyo misile SA 16 mu Bufaransa, anavuga ko abura ko bishobora gutera amakuba kujyana iyo misile inyuze muri V.A445. mu gihe yaba yabiteguriwe. Icyaba cyiza ni uko haza inzobere ikayirebera aho iri, ikiga uburyo yatwarwa . Koloneli Cussac arangiza ibaruwa ye amenyesha ko yari yasabye Ambasade yUbufaransa muri Uganda gushaka amakuru ajyanye niyo mashini NRA nigihugu cyayitanze. Ku nkuru yatanzwe nimfungwa yintambara ifungiye i Kigali yabajijwe na A.D. havuyemo ko FPR yaba yaratunze izisa na yo kuva ku wa 4 Ukwakira 1990 imaze kuzigura i Bulayi nabacuruzi bintwaro446 . Iyindi nyandiko ivugwa na MIP ni ibaruwa yo ku wa 07 Nyakanga 1998 yanditswe na Jenerali Mourgeon igenewe Depite Bernard Cazeneuve isubiramo ayingenzi mu makuru akubiye mu buhamya bwa ba Koloneli Cussac na Galini iyasobanura neza ndetse inayanoza : Hari za misile zo mu bwoko bwa SA 16 Ingabo zu Rwanda zashoboye kunyaga APR mu mirwano. Koko rero, nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa FPR mu gitero cya mbere yagabye ku wa mbere Ukwakira 1990 mu MUTARA(Amajyaruguru yi Burasirazuba bwu Rwanda ), icyuma kibuza gushyuha SA 16 cyabonywe aho ingabo zarwaniye mu Ugushyingo ;byatumye hafatwa umwanzuro wuko ubwo bwoko bwintwaro bwari mu bikoresho ingabo zateye zakoreshaga ( izu Rwanda ? iza Uganda447 ?). Inkuru yemejwe muri Mata ubwo hatorwaga SA 16 yabonekaga ko ari nshya mu cyanya cyAKAGERA (amajyaruguru yerekeza mu burasirazuba). Ibiro Bikuru byIngabo zu Rwanda byashatse kuyohereza mu Bufaransa (telegaramu yo ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991) butagize igisubizo butanga. Nkuko inzobere zaje kuyirebera aho yari iri zibivuga, icyuma cyo kubuza gushyuha iyo mbunda cyari cyarapfuye bigatuma itarashoboraga gukora. Igisilikare cyu Rwanda cyaba cyarashoboye kunyaga APR izindi misile zisa nayo 448 () . Ibikubiye muri iyo nyandiko ya Jenerali Mourgeon, yanditswe nyuma yimyaka ine ibintu bibaye, irasobanura neza ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zaranyaze FPR misile nyinshi SA 16 nshya bikaba byaratumaga, niba koko iryo nyaga ryari ukuri, Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite izo ntwaro mu bikoresho byazo bya gisilikare muri Mata 1994. Inyandiko ya Jenerali Mourgeon yongera gutera urujijo iyo ivuga ko misile yanyazwe FPR muri Mata 1991 kandi za telegaramu zo mu rwego mpuzabihugu za Koloneli Galini zo ku wa 19 no ku wa 22 Gicurasi zerekana neza ko SA
444 445

MIP, Igitabo II, Imigereka, impap. 267-268 Inzira yIkirere (Voie Arienne) 446 MIP, Igitabo II, urup.257 447 Ni twe duca umurongo kuri uko gushidikanya kwa Jenerali Mourgeon 448 MIP, Igitabo I, Raporo, urup.216

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16 yanyazwe FPR mu gitero cyo ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991. Kuki hari imbusane zamatariki ku kibazo nkiki gikomeye ? Ikibazo cyinzobere zaba zarasuzumye misile zigasanga itakoraga na cyo ntigifututse. Ni bande ? Bakoreraga nde ? Izo nzobere zibaye ari Abafaransa, ntawe utakwibaza niba baravuye mu Rwanda, muri icyo gihe cyintambara, batigishije inshuti zabo zo mu Ngabo zu Rwanda uko barashisha SA 16 bari bafite. Hanyuma, hakwiye kwerekanwa ko kuva mu Ukwakira 1990, abayobozi bo hejuru cyane mu Rwanda bavugaga ko FPR ifite za misile, bikaba byatuma umuntu atekereza ko mu gihe bimeze bityo, abo bayobozi nabo bashishikajwe no kubona intwaro nkizo ngizo kugira ngo bashobore kurwanya FPR : itangazamakuru, ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga byashoboye gufotora no kugenzura muri iyi minsi ko ingabo zu Rwanda zafashe intwaro zigezweho kandi za gihanga zirimo izitera za misile mu kirere ahantu kure haringaniye449 , ibi byavuzwe na Perezida Habyalimana mu butumwa bwe bwari bugenewe Abanyarwanda ku wa 29 Ukwakira 1990.

Ikinyoma kuri misile yabonetse mu Kagera mu mwaka wi 1991

Imigereka ya MIP ivuga ko abasililare bAbafaransa batoye misile SA 16 nshya mu karere kicyanya cyAkagera. Hahimbwe ko kubera igitero cyingabo za FPR, ingabo zu Rwanda zaba zarashyamiranye niza FPR ku matariki ya 18 niya 19 Mata 1991. Icyo gitero cya FPR bavuga ntikigeze kibaho kuko, kwitariki ya 29 Werurwe 1991, amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano yasinywe hagati yimpande zombi kandi yari agishyirwa mu bikorwa muri Gicurasi 1991. Muri ayo matariki yavuzwe mbere, nta kurenga kuri ayo masezerano kwigeze kumenyeshwa nIngabo zu Rwanda cyangwa izindi ndorerezi ku matariki ya 18 na 19 Gicurasi 1991 mu cyanya cyAkagera. Gukozanyaho no kurenga ku masezerano yihagarikwa ryimirwano bizwi byigeze kuba bikanatangazwa, ni ibyabaye mu matariki ya 30 Mata 1991 mu makomini ya Kidaho na Butaro450. Biragaragara rero ko iryo shyamirana ryo ku wa18 Mata 1991 ryahimbwe nabasilikare bAbafaransa nabahoze bayobora u Rwanda kugira ngo bemeze abantu ko hari misile yabonetse ahabereye imirwano bagamije kuyitirira FPR no kwemeza uruhare rwa Uganda mu ntambara.

Kudatangaza ibaruwa ya Jenerali Quesnot yemeza ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zifite misile nshya biteye amakenga
Kwitariki ya 19 Gicurasi, Jenerali Christian Quesnot, Umukuru wIbiro Bikuru bya Gisilikare wihariye wa Perezida wa Repubulika yUbufaransa, Franois Mitterand, kuva mu mwaka w1991 kugera mu w1995, yatanze ubuhamya muri MIP maze yirinda kuvuga ko yigeze kwandika ibaruwa igenewe Perezida Mitterand, ku wa 21 Gicurasi 1991, amumenyesha ko mu Rwanda habonetse misile SAM 16 nshya cyangwa itarakoreshwa. Igihe bamwumvaga, Jenerali Quesnot yavuze gusa ko yamenyesheje Franois Mitterrand itoragurwa ryibimene bya misile
Byavuye mu butumwa bugenewe Abanyarwanda bwatanzwe na Perezida wa Repubulika, byandikwa na Minisiteri yUbubanyi nAmahanga yu Rwanda, inyandiko yo ku mashini 450 G. Kapler na J. Morel, A propos dun missile Sam 16 trouv par les FAR en 1991, 04 Kamena 2005
449

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byabonetse mu Rwanda maze ntiyarushya ahingutsa iyo misile SAM 16 nshya yari mu maboko yIngabo zu Rwanda. MIP ivuga itya mu magambo make ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Quesnot : Hanyuma Jenerali Christian Quesnot yasesenguye ubundi buryo bushoboka bwatuma abantu bemera ko indege yaba yarahanuwe na FPR. Yibukije ko indege yendaga kugwa ari nijoro, hari umuvuduko ifite, ko nta yindi mbunda yayirashe atari Misile iri ku butaka irasa mu kirere, nka SAM 16, irasa ahantu hagera ku bilometero bitanu. Yavuze ku ibaruwa yari yandikiye Perezida wa Repubulika muri Gicurasi 1991, igihe ibimanyu byibyuma bitakara barasa za misile byari byabonywe ubwa mbere ku butaka bwu Rwanda451. Uko kugira ibyo aceceka abigambiriye kwa Jenerali Quesnot imbere ya MIP, ntamenyekanishe ko hari misile SAM 16 nshya iri mu maboko yIngabo zu Rwanda, mbere yihanurwa ryindege, kurerekana ko Jenerali Quesnot yari agambiriye kuryitirira FPR kubera ko ari yo yonyine yakekwagaho gutunga iyo ntwaro muri icyo gihe. Biratangaje kandi kubona ko iyo baruwa itashyizwe mu migereka ya MIP nkuko byagenze ku zindi nyandiko zitari nke zijyanye ninshingano yari ifite. Nubwo bwose biruhije kumenya icyateye MIP kudatangaza iyo nyandiko, ntawashidikanya ko iyo itangazwa byari gutera ipfunwe Jenerali Quesnot nabaregaga bose FPR kuko iyo nyandiko yashoboraga kwerekana ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zitunze misile nshya itarakoreshwa, imyaka itatu mbere yihanurwa ryindege !

Kwivuguruza cyangwa ibinyoma bya Koloneli Bernard Cussac

MIP yasanze ko uwungirije uwatwaraga indege Falcon ya Perezida wu Rwanda, Jean-Pierre Minaberry, yari yerekanye ko afite impungenge ku mutekano we kuko yatekerezaga ko FPR yari ifite za misile SAM 7 kandi ko yari yasabye, mwibaruwa yandikiye inshuti ye, Kapiteni Bruno Ducoin wahoze ari impuguke mu bya gisilikare mu ndege zu Rwanda, ko hagira igikorwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki kugira ngo birinde icyo cyago452. Jean-Pierre Minaberry yasobanuraga neza mwibaruwa ye ko inkuru yuko FPR ifite za misile SAM 7 ko atari za SAM 16, yayihawe na Koloneli Bernard CUSSAC : () Ni wowe mbwira : Uribuka misile bari bafite mu Majyaruguru ubwo bahanuraga Islander na kajugujugu. Mbwira ubushobozi bwizo misile, CUSSAC yambwiye SAM 7 ? Ariko avuga ko nta SAM 16 zigeze zibaho453 . Nyamara, ibyabaye ni uko Koloneli Bernard Cussac, muri telegaramu yo ku wa 13 Kanama 1991, yatangajwe na MIP, impamvu yayo ari gusubirana no kujyana misile SA 16 454 mu byo yasabaga harimo ko haza inzobere ikareba uko gutwara iyo misile byashoboka. Ikindi kitari ugusubirana iyo misile SA 16, Koloneli Bernard Cussac ashyigikira mu yindi telegaramu yo ku wa 10 Kanama 1991 ko imfungwa yintambara yitwa Gasore John yaba yaravuze ko FPR yari ifite misile SAM 16 yaguze mu Bulayi455. Kuki rero Koloneli Bernard
MIP, Igitabo III, Kumva ubuhamya, Igitabo 1, urup. 343 G. Kapler, J. Morel, Ku bijyanye.. , Ibidem 453 Byavuye mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 28 Gashyantare 1994 yuwafashaga gutwara indege J.P. MINABERRY yatangajwe na MIP, Igitabo 2, urup.238 454 MIP, Iperereza ku mahano yabaye mu Rwanda, Igitabo II, imigereka, urup.257 455 Ibidem, urup 256
452 451

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Cussac, wari ufite umwanya ukomeye nkushinzwe ibya gisilikare muri Ambasade yUbufaransa, afite ibihamya bibiri byerekana ko FPR yari ifite za misile SAM 16, yaba yarabeshye utwara indege Falcon ya Perezida kandi byarashoboraga kuvutsa ubuzima Abafaransa, ndetse bahoze ari abasilikare, maze akirengera urupfu rwabo ? Cyangwa se yaba yarabwiye ukuri pilote Jean-Pierre Minaberry ? Icyo gihe rero, ibiregwa FPR ko yari itunze za SAM 16 byahita bivaho. Uko kwivuguruza kuva he ? Misile SA 16 yitwa ko yabonywe mu cyanya cyAkagera nIngabo zAbafaransa yaba ikomoka hehe ? Georges Kapler na Jacques Morel bemeza ko ibonwa rya misile SAM 16 ningabo zAbafaransa mu cyanya cyAkagera ryaba ahubwo ari ikinyoma cyari kigamije kwemeza ko Uganda yahaga FPR intwaro kandi ko iyo misile yaba mu byukuri yaravuye muri za misile Ingabo zUbufaransa zanyaze muri Irak. Aba banditsi babiri babyerekana batya : ()MIP 456 ntabwo yatangaje urutonde rwa za misile zafatiwe muri Irak kandi zararugejejweho. Urukomatane rwizo mbusane mu bivugwa, guceceka ibintu nkana no kwemeza ibyo bafindafindiye aho vuba vuba bituma hakwiye gufatwa uyu mwanzuro : - Ibonwa rya misile SAM 16 ku wa 18 Kamena 1991 rirasa nkaho ari ibintu byaremaremwe nabasilikare bAbafaransa bahereye kuri misile imwe cyangwa nyinshi zavuye muri Irak. - Nta shiti iryo remarema rigamije kwemeza ko Uganda yijanditse mu ntambara.. - Misile Ouganda na FPR baba baragize ni SAM 7 ntabwo ari SAM 16. Ingingo abayobozi bAbafaransa batanga zigamije kwemeza ko FPR yaba yarahanuye indege ku wa 6 Mata 1994 ikoresheje misile SAM 16 nta kizere zifitiwe457 . Koko rero, kuba Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite misile SAM 16 zanyazwe muri Irak nUbufaransa byemezwa nibimenyetso binyuranye : kwikubitiro, hari Umwalimu muri Kaminuza Reyntjens, usubiramo ibyavuye mu nzego ziperereza za gisilikare zAbongereza, Abanyamerika nAbabiligi, werekana ko hari misile zanyazwe muri Irak nUbufaransa muri Gashyantare 1991, igihe cyintambara yo mu Kigobe, zahawe u Rwanda458. Ukurikira ni Mugenzi Richard, wari ushinzwe ikigo cyo kumviriza amakuru muri radiyo cyIngabo zu Rwanda cyari ku Gisenyi, hagati yumwaka w1990 nuw1994, wabwiye Komite ko Suliyetena Bizumuremyi wari inshuti, akaba nicyegera cya Liyetena Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva, wategekaga akarere ka gisilikare anashinzwe amaperereza ya gisilikare mu karere ka Gisenyi, yamubwiye ko igisilikare cyu Rwanda gitunze za misile zanyazwe nUbufaransa mu ntambara yo muri Irak459.

Ugushidikanya kwa Jenerali Ndindiriyimana kuri misile zaba zitunzwe na FPR

Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguire wayoboye komisiyo yiperereza Arusha yumvise abantu benshi bahafungiwe nUrukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda barimo Jenerali Augustin Ndindiriyimana, wahoze ayobora Ibiro Bikuru bya Jandarumori yu Rwanda. Ndindiliyimana yumviswe ku wa 19 Gicurasi 2000. Yatanze ubuhamya budashidikanywaho
456 457

Intumwa zInteko Ishinga Amategeko yUbufaransa zishinzwe Iperereza G. Kapler, J. Morel, Ku byerekeye, Op.cit.., urup. 16 458 MIP, igitabo II, imigereka, urup. 239 459 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 24 Nzeri 2008

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bwerekana ko ntakigaragaza ko FPR ifite misile, cyane cyane ko hari indege zingabo zu Rwanda zahanuzwaga amasasu ariko bakabeshya ko zarashwe na za misile : Ikibazo : Ingabo zIgihugu zu Rwanda zagiraga ibibunda birasa za misile ? Igisubizo : Oya, mu byukuri simbyemera ; hari hashize imyaka icumi ntari mu gisilikare kandi na nyuma sinakigiyemo. Ibyo ari byo byose, muri Jandarumori, nta misile twari dufite, keretse niba zaratanzwe nUbufaransa, ibyo ari byo byose ni Ubufaransa bwaduhaga intwaro. Ikibazo : FPR hari za misile yari ifite ? Igisubizo : Barabivuze. Barabivuze kandi batanga ningero zikoreshwa ryizo misile. Jyewe ndavuga ko hari ibyo bavuga bitari byo. Bavuga indege ya mbere yahanuriwe i Matimba, hari ku mupaka na Uganda, ko ari za misile zayihanuye. Oya, jyewe, nagiye kureba iyo ndege mu ntangiriro, yahanuwe namasasu. Ariko izindi, birashoboka rwose ko byaba byarakozwe. Hari kajugujugu ebyiri. Hanyuma, bavuze izo misile. Ariko, jyewe, navugaga ko MINUAR itakwemera ibyo bintu, ko bazana za misile mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko. Nari mfitiye icyizere gisesuye abayobozi bakuru ba MINUAR. Ikibazo : Hari inkuru nyazo mwabonye zijyanye nuko mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko hari za misile ? Igisubizo : Mu byukuri, narabyumvise, babivuga ariko : ni kanaka wabimbwiye, byangora kubibabwira. Ikibazo : Yego. Hari inkuru wumvise kwiraswa, iraswa rya za misile ku ndege ya Zayire, hafi yahafi ya Goma ? Igisubizo : Yego, ariko sinkeka ko yaba ari misile. Habayeho kurasa indege ya Demba, uwitwa Demba. Ariko ndakeka ko ari ukurasa amasasu, kuko indege, kubera ko indege itatobotse. Hari indege yatobotse, yagarutse yagarutse kongera kugwa i Goma, oya ? Ikibazo : Birashoboka. Igisubizo : Ah, iyo iba misile, nemera ko itari gushobora kugaruka ku kibuga cyindege.

Mu byavuzwe aha hejuru, harimo : Ko Abafaransa basabye MINUAR gukora bonyine iperereza ku buryo indege yahanuwe Jenerali Dallaire ntiyabyemera kubera ko Abafaransa babogamye; MINUAR ibagejejeho icyifuzo cyo gushinga iperereza abantu bigenga badafite aho babogamiye ntibabyitaho ; Ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zangiye MINUAR kugera aho indege yahanukiye kugira ngo izakore nta nkomyi iperereza ryigenga kandi ritabogamye; Ko Abafaransa bonyine bemerewe kugera aho indege yahanukiye kandi ko batoraguye ibimene byibisasu nibyigikankara cyindege, ndetse nagasanduku kirabura ; Ko inzego za Minisiteri yIngabo yUbufaransa zavuze ko ibimene bya za misile Abafaransa bahasanze byazeretse ko ari ibya misile SAM 16 yakozwe nAbasoviyeti ;

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Ko ikozanyaho hagati ya FPR na FAR rivugwa ku wa 18 Gicurasi 1991 hakavugwa ko ari nacyo gihe habonywe misile mu cyanya cyAkagera ritigeze ribaho, ko ahubwo ari ikinyoma Ingabo zu Rwanda zahimbye, zifashijwe nabasilikare bAbafaransa, kugira ngo bemeze ko Uganda ifite uruhare mu ntambara yu Rwanda. Ntawe uribagirwa igitero cya balinga cyo ku wa 5 Ukwakira 1990 cyitiriwe FPR, havugwa ko yateye Kigali, cyakorewe kubonera impamvu ifatwa ryAbatutsi batagira ingano no guhuruza ingabo zAbafaransa nizAbazayirwa ; Ko iriya misile SAM 16 nshya bahimba ko yabonywe mu cyanya cyAkagera yari ifitwe nIngabo zu Rwanda cyangwa abasilikare bAbafaransa igihe indege yahanurwaga ; Ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite misile zo mu bwoko bwa MISTRAL zakorewe mu Bufaransa, zishobora nazo guhanura indege ; Ko Ubufaransa bwahaye Ingabo zu Rwanda za misile SAM 16 zaturutse muzari zanyazwe muri Irak mu mwaka w1988 zigakoreshwa muri Gashyantare 1991 mu ntambara yo mu Kigobe ; Ko Ubufaransa butigeze bumenyesha icyo izo misile zakoze hagati ya Gashyantare 1991 na Mata 1994 ; Ko Ingabo zu Rwanda zari zifite inzobere mu bya gisilikare bize mu Bufaransa cyangwa mu Bushinwa no muri Koreya ibyo gukoresha za misile zo ku butaka zirasa indege.

Ahantu misile zarasiye indege ya Falcon.

Mu bibazo byingenzi bijyanye nihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida, kugena ahantu misile zarasiwe byafashije kumenya abahanuye indege. Ni yo mpamvu, tugiye kureba neza no gusesengura ahantu hanyuranye havuzwe mu buhamya Komite yegeranyije. Duhereye ku byanditswe kugeza ubu kwihanurwa ryindege, ku banditsi, nta shiti ko misile zahanuye indege zarasiwe ku musozi wa Masaka460, mu kabaya gatandukanya umusozi wa Masaka na Rusororo ahari, mu 1994, umushinga witwa CEBOL cyangwa Ikigo cyUbworozi bwInka zo Gukama (Centre dElevage de Bovins Laitiers). Masaka-CEBOL Masaka ni umusozi wenda gutegana nuwa Rusororo maze aho ishorera yombi hakaba umusozi wa Kanombe uriho ikibuga mpuzamahanga gifite umuhanda windege umwe rukumbi kikaba, mu mwaka w1994, cyaritwaga ikibuga cyindege Grgoire Kayibanda. Indege zikigwaho zikurikira ubusanzwe inzira ituruka i Burasirazuba igana i Burengerazuba (bita mu magambo ya tekinike Piste 28 na Piste 10, iyo bivuzwe muri za dogere (degrs ). Indege zikurikira iyo nzira
Monique Mas, Paris Kigali 1990-1994. iny. yav., urup. 369 ; Linda Melvern , Conspiracy to murder, the Rwandan genocide, urup.135 ; Reyntjens, Rwanda, trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire, impap.25-27
460

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kugira ngo zitanyura hejuru yumujyi wa Kigali cyane cyane kugira ngo zidaca hejuru yimisozi ine miremire iwukikije mu Burengerazuba bwawo : Rebero (1 809m), Kigali (1 856m), Shyorongi (2 000m ), Jali (2 042m). Abatazi Kigali, nkumucamanza wUmufaransa, Jean-Louis Bruguire461, cyangwa uwahoze ari Minisitiri wUbutwererane wUbufaransa, Bernard Debr462, iyo bemeza ko ikibuga cyindege cya Kigali gifite imihanda ibiri cyangwa ko indege zabujijwe kugwa zituruka mu Burengerazuba ( inzira 10 ) ku mategeko ya FPR kugira ngo bizayorohere guhanura indege ya Perezida, usanga binyuranye rwose nukuri. Batayo ya FPR yari i Kigali guhera ku wa 28 Ukuboza 1993 ifite inshingano zo kurinda abayobozi ba FPR bagombaga kujya mu nzego zinzibacyuho nta kintu na kimwe yigeze ishegera mu bijyanye no kugwa kwindege ku kibuga cya Kanombe. Icyo FPR yasabye cyonyine, kubera umutekano wayo, ni uko nta ndege zajya zica hejuru yinyubako ya CND463. Nkuko bigaragazwa namakarita nibishushanyo, iyo indege ijya kugwa ku kibuga cyi Kigali inyura hejuru ymisozi iciye bugufi ya Muyumbu na Kabuga ( 1 608m ), kimwe nuwa Rusororo, i Burasirazuba bwa Masaka ( 1 552m ), mbere yo kugera ku murambi wa Kanombe ahari ikibuga. Mbere gato ya Kanombe, hagati ya Rusororo na Masaka, hari akabande kanyuramo akagezi hakaba harabaga umushinga wa Minisiteri yUbuhinzi wUbworozi bwintangarugero witwa CEBOL (Ikigo cyUbworozi bwInka zo Gukama) ufite inka zigera kwijana nabakozi bagera kuri 20. Aho hantu hari hateye ubwatsi bwinka hari nibiraro, amacumbi yabaganga bazo hamwe nayabashumba. Umuhanda wa Leta wa kabulimbo Kigali- Rwamagana unyura mu nsi yumusozi wa Rusororo, kuri metero 300 uvuye kuri CEBOL, ugahuzwa na Masaka nagahanda kibitaka kambuka akabande, kagakikira CEBOL ho metero nkeya, hanyuma kakazamuka kagana Santere ya Masaka, ku maduka no ku biro byayo. Havuzwe ko, nubwo iyo mvugo isa niyamamajwe nta bushishozi buhagije, ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa misile byahanuye indege ya Perezida byarashwe bituruka kuri CEBOL, mu yandi magambo kuri icyo kiraro cyinka. Ni ngombwa gusobanura ko umuhanda ujya aho hantu wagendwaga cyane kubera ibikorwa bya Leta, ubucuruzi nubuhinzi byari bihari. Abanyacyubahiro benshi bo ku ngoma yicyo gihe, abasivili nabasilikare, bari bafite ingo nkuru cyangwa iza kabiri i Masaka cyangwa se barahatuje bene wabo, bituma barahagendaga buri gihe. I Masaka hari kandi i vuliro rikomeye muri ako karere nIkigo cyimfubyi kitiriwe Mutagatifu Agata, cyasurwaga cyane kikaba cyari igikorwa cya muka Perezida Habyalimana ; cyakiraga cyane cyane imfubyi zabasilikare bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda bapfiraga ku rugamba. Inzira yonyine yaganaga ibyo bigo yanyuraga kuri CEBOL.

Jean-Louis Bruguire : Icyemezo cyumucamanza cyo ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2006, urup.45. Na none muri Komisiyo yiperereza, i Arusha, muri TPR, ku wa 18/5/2000, Jean-Louis Bruguire yabajije Bagosora ikibazo gikurikira : Waba uzi igihe FPR yategekeye ko indege ziva cyangwa ziza i Kanombe zajya zinyura inzira imwe yonyine. Ku zihe mpamvu ? 462 Bernard Debr yanditse ibikurikira : Hashize igihe amayira yindege zagombaga kugwa i Kanombe yarahindutse bisabwe naFPR : aho gufatira inzira i burengerazuba ,indege zizajya ibiri amambu - ziyifatira i Burasirazuba. (Le retour du Mwami : La vraie histoire des gnocides rwandais, Ramsay 1998, cyongeye gucapwa kwa Jean Claude Gawsewitch, 2006, Paris, urup. 98). 463 Ubuhamya bwa Koloneli Andrew Kagame bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2008

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Muri rusange, abatangabuhamya bavuga ko ahantu hitwa kuri kilometero19, mwisangano ryumuhanda mukuru Kigali-Rwamagana numuhanda wibitaka ugana i Masaka, hari bariyeri yari imaze igihe kirekire ihashyizwe464. Bamenyesha kandi ko i Masaka, ku kibuga kiri inyuma yahahoze ibiro byumurenge, hahoraga imyitozo namahugurwa bya gisilikare byatangwaga nabasilikare bAbafaransa. Abo basilikare bari abo mu ishami ryingoboka mu bya gisilikare no mu byinyigisho ( DAMI ) bigishaga Ingabo zu Rwanda. Bemeza ko ikirere indege yahanuriwemo nta bicu byakirangwagamo uwo mugoroba ku buryo habonaga neza. Benshi muri bo bavuga ko babonye umubare wibisasu byarashwe ku ndege ndetse/cyangwa bakumva inshuro byaturitse, hamwe nintera yigihe byakurikiranye mu kuraswa. Barangiza bavuga ko hahise hakurikiraho urufaya rwamasasu rwakwiriye hose indege ikimara guhanuka niyicwa ryAbatutsi ryatangiye muri iryo joro rigakomeza umurego rigenda ryiyongera bikabije mu minsi yakurikiye iryo hanurwa ryindege. Ku birebana byumwihariko numunsi wuwa 06 Mata 1994, umutangabuhamya Paul Henrion avuga ko uwo munsi, saa mbili za mu gitondo, ubwo yanyuraga mu muhanda KigaliRwamagana ajya ku kiyaga cya Muhazi, yabonye agatsiko kabasilikare bambaye ingofero zirabura zabacunga Perezida. Yarashigutse abonye ko babiri muri bo bategeye ingofero iburyo nkAbafaransa ikiberekana kiboneka neza. Agarutse, mu ma saa mbili yijoro, abona ka gatsiko kabasilikare kakiri hahandi yabasize : Kwitariki ya 06 Mata 1994, nagiye ku kiyaga cya Muhazi hagati ya saa moya nigice na saa tatu. Nsohoka muri Kigali kuri Rwandex, hari bariyeri. Mwikoni rigana ku kibuga cyindege, na none bariyeri. Ngeze ku ruganda Gutanit rwakoraga amabati mu mfunzo, aho winjirira ujya i Masaka, mbona mu nsi yipompo ya robine, iruhande rwagati gato, amajipe abiri nabasilikare, abarinda Perezida bambaye ingofero zirabura ; muri bo, mbonamo babiri batambaye ingofero nkabandi. Ntibari baziteze nkAbabiligi cyangwa ngo bazitege nkAbanyarwanda. Bari bazitegeye ku rundi ruhande, nuko ndavuga nti : dore re : ni ibiki ? Mbona mwijipe ihema ritwikiriye mitarayeze yiminwa ine. Ngeze i Kabuga, harya neza neza ku mumanuko, mbona umuzinga urasa indege na bya bimodoka bya mutamenwa umunwa ureba hejuru. Ngarutse, nongeye kubona wa muzinga. Aho kurebeshwa aherekeye kuri 27, wari werekejwe ku kibuga cyindege, umunwa ureba hejuru. Ngeze ahari mitarayeze, mbona ba bantu bariho bararundarunda ibikoresho byabo. Hari mu ma saa mbili, saa mbili niminota itanu465 . Ubu buhamya bwa Paul Henrion ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragara byiyongereye ku bindi bivuga ko umuhanda Kigali-Masaka-Kabuga wari urinzwe cyane kandi ucunzwe nabagize Ingabo zu Rwanda, ari na byo byemezwa nubuhamya bwabasilikare bahoze mu ngabo zu Rwanda. Ishingwa ryiyo ntwaro irasa kure ku muhanda Kigali-Kabuga rivugwa kandi nundi
Ubuhamya bwa Kaporali Njyamubiri Jean Baptiste bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), ku wa 09 Nyakanga 2008 nubwa Mjr Mugiraneza Ildphonse bwakiriwe na Komite i Gicumbi, ku wa 26 Kamena 2008. Muri Mata 1994, Majoro Mugiraneza yari umwe mu bayobozi bitsinda ryo gutabara no gucunga umutekano muri Jandarumori yIgihugu, ushinzwe umutekano mu muhanda mu mujyi wa Kigali. 465 Ubuhamya nyirubwite yahereye i Buruseli komisiyo yigihugu ishinzwe gukora iperereza ku ruhare rwa Leta yUbufaransa muri Jenoside, Gicurasi 2007.
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mutangabuhamya, Ajida shefu Karambizi Philippe wabwiye Komite ko ku wa 5 Mata 1994, Paul Henrion yabonye hagati ya Kabuga na Km19 umuzinga wo mu bwoko bwa sans recul ushinze ku kinyabiziga gikururwa kiri mu nsi yumuhanda nabasilikare bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda bagikikije. Kure yaho gato, kuri 19, ku muhanda ujya i Masaka, umutangabuhamya yabonye agatsiko kabasilikare bAbafaransa bahacunze466. Ku ruhande rwe, Grard Prunier avuga ko yabonye amakuru yerekanaga ko mwijoro indege ihanurwamo : abazungu babonywe ku musozi wa Masaka467 . Icyabonetse rero ku buryo budashidikanywa ni uko ku manywa no mwijoro ryuwa 6 Mata 1994, umuhanda MulindiKabuga nikoni rigana i Masaka byari birinzwe bikomeye nabasilikare bingabo zu Rwanda. Nta gihamya na kimwe dufite ku bazungu bari aho hantu kuri iyo tariki, ariko nubwo baba barahabaye, nta wundi bari kuba bakorera atari uhacunga. Jenerali majoro Paul Rwarakabije yavuze ko i Kabuga umutwe wa Jandarumori wari ushinzwe umutekano wakarere ka Kabuga na Masaka kandi ko ari uwo mutwe wabajandarume wamuhamagaye kuri telefoni umumenyesha ihanurwa ryindege ryari rimaze kuba. Igisilikare na Jandarumori byari biri mu buryo bugaragara mu karere ka Kigali-Masaka-Kabuga468. Amakarita nibishushanyo biri muri iyo raporo byerekana aho hose hamaze kuvugwa 469.

Ibonwa ritari ryo ryimbunda zirasa za misile i Masaka

Mu gihe ibibunda birasa za misile, Ingabo zu Rwanda zerekanye zivuga ko ari byo byahanuye indege, byatowe muri CEBOL hagati yitariki ya 7 niya 8 Mata 1994, Liyetena Injenyeri Augustin Munyaneza wakoze inyandiko tariki ya 25 Mata 1994 yerekana ko ibyo bibunda yabisuzumye agasanga ari byo byaba byarahanuye indege ya Perezida. Inkuru ijyanye nibonwa ryibyo bisasu bibiri yanditswe, ku nshuro ya mbere, na Filip Reyntjens mu gitabo cye Rwanda : Trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire cyasohotse mu Ugushyingo 1995. Umucamanza wUmufaransa, Jean-Louis Bruguiere, muri komisiyo mpuzamahanga yiperereza yabereye muri TPIR, ku wa 19 Mata, yabajije Jenerali Augustin Ndindiliyimana, umuyobozi wa Etat Major ya Jandarumori mu mwaka w1994, ku byerekeye izo mbunda zirasa misile uko zabonetse maze Ndindiliyimana asubiza ko ntacyo yari abiziho ndetse ko byamutangaje. Ndindiliyimana yasobanuye neza ko , igihe cyose yari i Kigali, yakurikiranye ibyahaberaga byose ariko ko atigeze abona ibyo bitembo birasa za misile, ko yaje kubyumva hanyuma.

Ikibazo : Ni iki uzi kwivumburwa ryibitembo bibiri birasa za misile, i Masaka, neza byaratinze cyane, ku wa 25 Mata ? Igisubizo : ntacyo nabona mbabwira ; kandi ibyo, ibyo birantunguye, kuko igihe cyose nari i Kigali, nakurikiraniraga hafi ibihabera, ariko ibyo bintu ntabyo bigeze banyereka, sinigeze mbibona na rimwe. Ikibazo : Nyuma ni ho wabonye iyo nkuru ?
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali , ku wa 23 Nzeri 2008 G. Prunier, Rwanda : Histoire dun gnocide, op.cit., urup.264 468 Ubuhamya bwa Jenerali Majoro Paul Rwarakabije imbere ya Komisiyo yIgihugu Yigenga Ishinzwe gusuzuma uruhare rwa Leta yUbufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Kigali, 26 Ukwakira 2007 469 Kureba impapuro 68-69 ziyi Raporo
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Igisubizo : Yego, nyuma ni ho nayimenye .

Ku wa 18 Gicurasi 2000, uwo mucamanza nyine yari yabajije Koloneli Thoneste Bagosora, bari muri iyo Komisiyo yiperereza Arusha, niba ashobora kugira icyo amubwira kwivumburwa ryibitembo birasa za misile i Masaka, ku wa 25 Mata 1994 maze Bagosora asubiza ko atari azi uko babonye ibyo bibunda birasa za misile, ko ariko yabibonye mu mpera za Mata 1994 muri Minisiteri yIngabo aho babifotoye. Bagosora yongeyeho ati : Bashakaga gukora dosiye bagombaga gushinga Liyetena Koloneli Rwabalinda Ephrem wagombaga kujya i Paris . No ku kibazo : Mwabonye raporo ya Liyetena Injenyeri Munyaneza ? . Bagosora yatanze ibisubizo bikurikira: Narayibonye. Ndetse ni nanjye wayivanye muri Archives i Goma, kandi ni jyewe wayishyikirije Avoka De Temmerman . Kandi Filip Reyntjens yabonye iyo nyandiko ayihawe nuwampagaraliraga mu rukiko, Avoka De Temmerman ; kuva icyo gihe nibwo Filip Reyntjens yasubiyemo iyo nimero mu gitabo cye yise Les trois jours qui ont fait basculer lhistoire du Rwanda . () Rero twakekaga ko Ubufaransa bwashakaga kudufasha muri icyo gihe bikaba byumvikana ko hagombaga kuba ubutumwa bwo kujya gusobanura ibyo twari dukeneye hariya no gutanga amakuru kuri ibi cyangwa biriya. Ari bwo butumwa bwa Ephrem Rwabalinda ? . () Yagiyeyo, afite amafoto nibyanditswe nibyuma byafatiwe mu majwi ku kibuga cyindege igihe cyihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida Ibibunda bitera za misile twabigumanye muri Minisiteri yIngabo igihe kirekire Nyuma yaho Turukwaze (Turquoise) iziye mu Rwandaicyo giheIbyo bibunda bitera za misile byavanywe muri Minisiteri yIngabo byimurirwa ku Gisenyi. Bivuye ku Gisenyi, igihe twari tumaze kwambuka umupaka, byashinzwe Koloneli Anatole NsengiyumvaHanyuma ibyo bibunda twabigumanye i Goma kuko Igisilikare cya Mobutu, mu byukuri nabo bari inshuti ariko igihe kimwe, biciye kuri Jenerali Tembele, Koloneli Aloys Ntiwiragabo yajyanye ikibunda kimwe, na bya byuma byafatiweho amajwi birongera biragenda bigera i Gbadolite aho byashyikirijwe Mobutu. Ibyo ari byo byose, ikibunda kimwe gitera za misile, nibyanditswe nibyuma byafatiweho amajwi byageze kwa Mobutu. Ibyo ni ukuri, ibyo ni impamo Ikibunda cya kabiri gitera za misile, ubwo Anatole (Nsengiyumva) yari agiye guhungira muri Kenya, yarakinsigiye, ni jye wagisubiranye. Nashakaga kukigumana, twaashakaga kukigumana kuko bavugaga ko ntawabimenya, gishobora kuzafasha mu iperereza Narakigumanye mu mujyi wa Goma. Nyuma yaho, igihe batwirukanaga mu mujyi kuko twari benshi cyane mu mujyi wa Goma, nagiye kugishyira mu rugerero rwacu rwo kuri Lac vert, kure gato, ndakeka ko ari mu bilometero 20 uvuye i Goma. Cyagumye aho. Nyuma, twatekereje ko na cyo cyari gikwiye koherezwa kwa Mobutu. Ibyo ari byo byose, bakekaga ko ibyiza kwari ukubyohereza byombi. Hanyuma, binyuze noneho kuri TEMBELE, twagihaye Jenerali TEMBELE, we ubwe, kugira ngo acyohereze aho bari bohereje icya mbere Mobutu, akiriho, yari yarasabye BARRIL ko yamufasha hagakorwa iperereza rishingiye kuri izo misile kuri ibyo bibunda bitera za misile 166

cyane cyane Kuko mbabwira, ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida Habyalimana, ni akagambane mpuzamahanga Ni ukubera ibyo nashakaga kubavugisha no kubabwira ko MINUAR i Kigali yagize uruhare muri iryo hanurwa ryindegeAmafoto yibibunda bitera za misile yari aherekejwe ninyandiko yiswe : Itahurwa ryintwaro ( Ikibunda kirasa za misile ) , Ikoreshwa mu kwica Umukuru wIgihugu ku wa 06/04/94 ryakozwe kandi risinywa na Liyetena Injeyeri MUNYANEZA- 25/04/94 . Ku bijyanye nuko ibyo bibunda byabonetse, Komite yakoze iperereza mu bantu banyuranye bashoboraga kuba bafite amakuru ajyanye na byo. Ubuhamya bwabantu bari batuye hafi cyane yahantu havuzwe ko ari ho ibibunda bitera za Misile byaba byaratoraguwe buratandukanye cyane ku birebana nitariki byaboneweho, ahantu nyaho byabonywe ndetse nuko ibyabonywe bivugwa. Nta numwe muri abo batangabuhamya uvuga ko azi igihe ibyo bibunda byaba byarashyiriwe muri CEBOL, ntawuvuga ko yaba yarabonye abarasa, nta nuvuga yemwe ko yari ahari igihe cyibonwa nyirizina ryiyo ntwaro470. Amatariki yibonwa ryazo ava ku minsi ibiri akagera ku byumweru bitatu nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, kandi bamwe muri abo batangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye ibyo bintu muri CEBOL igihe abasilikare batumira abaturage ngo baze kubireba, naho abandi bavuga ko babibonye baciye aho bigendera 471. Abandi batangabuhamya bavuga ko ibyo bintu byavumbuwe nimpunzi zirukanywe i Byumba nintambara zari zaracumbikiwe muri CEBOL. Bamenyesha ko igihe bamwe mu mpunzi bari bagiye gutema ibyatsi byisaso bavumbuye ibyo bintu maze bahamagara abasirikare bari kuri bariyeri yo kuri Km 19 ku muhanda wa kabulimbo muri metero 300 uzamutse. Ku bijyanye nubwoko bwibyo bibunda nuko byari bimeze, abo batangabuhamya bavuga ko babonye ibitembo bibiri bifite uburebure bwenda kungana na metero imwe nigice bisa na kaki, bihishe mu gishanga kandi ko hari nigodora rishya. Bemeza ko ibyo bitembo byari biremereye cyane ku buryo abasilikare bagiye mu Kigo cya Kanombe gushaka ikamyo yo kubitwara472. Bamwe mu batangabuhamya bi Masaka bavuze ko Ajida shefu Bwiko Grgoire nkumwe mu basilikare bIngabo zu Rwanda wari kuri bariyeri yo kuri 19 kandi waba waragiye kuvana ibyo bibunda kuri CEBOL473. Abajijwe na Komite, Bwiko ntiyemeye ibivugwa byose. Yavuze ko intwaro zavumbuwe muri CEBOL maze abasilikare bo mu Kigo cya Kanombe bakoherezwa kuzijyana. Yashimangiye ko atari mwitsinda ryabitwaye, ko ahubwo yabibonye bigeze mu Kigo cya gisilikare cyi Kanombe474.

Ibazwa ryabatuye i Masaka : Mayagwa Jean Baptiste ku wa 20 Werurwe 2008, Uzamukunda Agns, 25 Werurwe 2008 ; Rwajekare Augustin na Mukangamije Tatiana, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; Munyaneza Fabien, Uwimana Aloys na Muganga Jean Bosco, 14 Mata 2008 ; Iyamuremye Dismas, 9 Kamena 2008 471 Ibazwa rya Uwimana Aloys, Munyaneza Fabien na Muganga Jean Bosco i Kigali, 14 Mata 2008 ; Rwajekare Augustin i Kigali, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; Iyamuremye Dismas i Kigali, 9 Kamena 2008 ; Uzamukunda Agns i Kigali, 25 Werurwe 2008 ; Mukangamije Tatiana i Kigali, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; ikiganiro na Mayagwa Jean Baptiste i Rusororo, 20 Werurwe 2008. 472 Ibazwa rya Mukangamije Tatiana na Rwajekare Augustin i Kigali, 26 Werurwe 2008 ; Uzamukunda Agns i Kigali, 25 Werurwe 2008 ; Muganga Jean Bosco i Kigali, 14 Mata 2008. 473 Ndimubanzi Cassien, wabarijwe i Kigali ku wa 24 Mata 2008 ; Uwizeyimana Boniface, Kigali 15 Mata 2008 474 Ibazwa rya Bwiko Grgoire i Nyabihu, ku wa 14 Gicurasi 2008

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Abavanywe mu byabo bi Byumba babaye i Masaka ari na bo batujwe i Masaka bavuga ko bavumbuye intwaro zakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida, bakomoka hafi ya bose mu cyahoze ari komini Kivuye. Komite yagiyeyo kubashaka ihura nabatangabuhamya 12 bari mu bakuwe mu byabo. Abenshi cyane muri bo bemeza ko, hagati yuwa 8 nuwa 10 Mata, bumvise havugwa ko intwaro zari zavumbuwe muri CEBOL475. Nta numwe muri bo wemera ko yavumbuye intwaro cyangwa ko yiboneye ubwe ivumburwa. Abatangabuhamya babiri bonyine, Nkurunziza David na Bizimana Faustin, bemeye ko bazibonye namaso yabo aho zavumbuwe, ariko ibyo bavuga bombi byuzuye mo imbusane zijyanye nitariki kuko ibyabaye babishyira hagati yiminsi 10 nibyumweru 3 nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, bikaba nta kuri na busa bifite476. Ubuhamya bwabahoze ari ingabo zu Rwanda bushyira ivumburwa ryintwaro niyerekanwa ryazo mu bigo bya Kanombe na Kigali hagati yumunsi umwe niminsi itatu nyuma yihanurwa ryindege. Hari abatanga ubuhamya busobanutse kandi bakagira ibyo bahamya ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994. Habimana Etienne, wo mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida, wari ku kazi mu rugo kwa Habyalimana umugoroba wuwa 6 Mata 1994 avuga ko, ku wa 7 Mata, i saa saba zamanywa, yumvanye bagenzi be ko abasilikare bakuye ikibunda kirasa za misile hafi yo kuri 19, mu kabande ka Masaka477. Rugengamanzi Protais, wo muri batayo parakomando, hanyuma ajya muri L.A.A., avuga ko ku wa 07 Mata 1994 ahagana isaa tatu za mu gitondo, ikamyo ya gisilikare yuzuye ingabo ziyobowe na Liyetena Koloneli Nzabanita zazamutse ahitwa mu Kajagali i Kanombe zerekana ibibunda birasa za misile bitatu bavuga ko bamaze kubivana i Masaka. Babijyanye mu buyobozi bwikigo cya Kanombe. Abo basilikare bavugaga ko ahantu babisanze hari namagodora478. Nsengimana Cyrille, umusilikare muri batayo parakomando kuva mu mwaka w1984 kugera mu w1994, avuga ko, ku wa 7 Mata, yamenye ko abasilikare bamwe bo muri batayo ye boherejwe gusaka, maze ahagana mu ma saa sita, bavuga ko babonye ibibunda 2 birasa za misile mu kabande ka Masaka479. Serija wa mbere Bimenyimana Apollinaire, yemeza ko intwaro yazanywe nabasilikare bikigo cya Kanombe mu gitondo cyuwa 7 Mata, ikajyanwa mu kigo cya Kanombe, hanyuma ikajyanwa mu cya Kigali, ahari icyicaro cyIbiro Bikuru byIngabo zu Rwanda, aho yakiriwe na Suliyetena Nsengiyumva Adrien abihawemo itegeko na Koloneli Laurent Nubaha, wategekaga ikigo480. Ngendahayo Thodore, umusilikare muri batayo irashisha imizinga iri mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kigali, yemeza nkibyo, ubwo avuga ko, ku wa 08 Mata 1994, yabonye ibibunda birasa za misile birunze mu bubiko bwintwaro bwicyo kigo cya gisilikare kandi ko Serija majoro Mukomeza Clstin, ushinzwe ubwo bubiko yababwiye ko byavuye i Masaka aho abarashi bahanuye indege bari bari481. Ajuda Ndaruhutse Elias, umusilikare mu Ngabo zu Rwanda kuva mu mwaka w1985, agakora muri batayo para komando ya Kanombe kuva mu mwaka w1992 kugeza mu w1994, yavuze ko ku wa 7 Mata

Mukankundiye Eulrie na Twahirwa Ephrem, babarijwe i Gicumbi ku wa 27 Gicurasi 2008 ; Muganza Sebastien, Baribane Stanislas na Bugondo, babarijwe i Burera, ku wa 29 mai 2008 476 Ikiganiro na Bizimana Faustin i Gicumbi, 27 Gicurasi 2008 na Nkurunziza David i Burera, 29 Gicurasi 2008. 477 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Gakenke, ku wa 25 Nzeri 2008 478 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rwamagana, ku wa 1 Mata 2008 479 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 11 Gicurasi 2008 480 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 481 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, ku wa 07 Ugushyingo 2008

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1994, abasilikare bari kuri 19 bajagajaze mu kabande ka Masaka bakahavumbura ibitembo birasa za misile bazanye nyuma mu Kigo cya Kanombe482. Hanyuma hari abatangabuhamya batibutse neza amatariki ariko bibuka igihe ibintu byabereye. Koloneli dogiteri Bizumuremyi Franois wari umuganga mu bitaro bya gisilikare i Kanombe yavuze ko yabonye, iminsi ibiri nyuma yihanurwa ryindege, igitembo gitera misile cyari cyazanywe i Kanombe havugwa ko cyatoraguwe i Masaka kandi ko ari ho abarashi bari bafashe ibirindiro483. Karasanyi Franois, na we wumusilikare mu kigo cya Kanombe, yavuze ko yabonye ibibunda birasa za misile nko mu minsi ibiri nyuma yihanurwa ryindege : Jyewe ubwanjye niboneye izo ntwaro nka nyuma yiminsi ibiri indege ihanutse. Imwe muri zo yari ifite amabara avanze yicyatsi kibisi numuhondo nuburebure buri hagati ya metero imwe na santimetero mirongo inani nebyiri. Zashyizwe imbere yibiro byumukuru wikigo cya Kanombe maze tujya kuzireba. Nyuma sinamenye irengero ryazo484. Sibomana Etienne, umusilikare muri batayo para komando yi Kanombe mu mwaka w1994, yatanze inkuru nkiyo yerekana ko intwaro zararujwe i Masaka zazanywe mu kigo cya Kanombe nko mu minsi ibiri nyuma yihanurwa ryindege485. Higiro Claude na Turatsinze Samson, na bo babasilikare mu kigo cya Kanombe mu 1994, bavuga ibintu kimwe486. Ntoranyi Protais, umusilikare muri icyo kigo nyine cya Kanombe mu 1994, we avuga ko intwaro zerekanywe i Kanombe kwitariki ya 11 Mata 1994487. Serija wa mbere Munyaneza Emmanuel wo muri batayo para-komando na we avuga ko zavumbuwe hagati yitariki ya 7 niya 10 Mata. Asobanura neza ko yazibonye namaso ye, ko byari ibibunda bibiri birasa za misile bifite uburebure bwa metero imwe nigice bifite ibara ryicyatsi kibisi kivanze numuhondo. Anavuga ko hari nigodora abarashi baba bararyamyeho. Umutangabuhamya asobanura neza ko ari umushoferi wa Ntabakuze wazizanye mu kigo mwijipe yo mu bwoko bwa Land Rover488. Marihinde Juvnal, winjiye mu gisilikare mu mwaka w1966, wari umushoferi wishami ryitumanaho ryingabo zu Rwanda mu mwaka w1994, yavuze ko buri gitondo yatwaraga shebuja ku Biro Bikuru byIngabo zIgihugu. Kwitariki ya 9 cyangwa iya 10 Mata yabonye Liyetena Injenyeri Munyaneza mu modoka ya Land Rover azanye ku Biro Bikuru byIngabo intwaro zipfunyitse mu igodora avuga ko zari zivuye i Masaka : Sinibuka neza itariki nyayo, ariko nemeza ko hari ku ya 9 cyangwa ku ya 10 Mata 1994. Nabonye icyo gihe, ari mu gitondo, mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kigali, umuliyetena witwaga Munyaneza azanye intwaro ebyiri zipfunyitse mu igodora avuga ko zavumbuwe i Masaka. Hari ibibunda bibiri bitera za misile, antene iteye nk ikibesani ninsakazamajwi. Munyaneza yabizanye mu modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Range Rover. Yari kumwe nabamurinda. Yazishinze G3 witwaga Rwabarinda. Ni we wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisilikare489.
482 483

Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 10 Werurwe 2008 484 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 485 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 13 Kamena 2008 486 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kayonza, ku wa 13 Kanama 2008 487 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyanza, ku wa 24 Gicurasi 2008 488 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo) ku wa 10 Nyakanga 2008 489 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Huye, ku wa 30 Kamena 2008

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Ubwo buhamya bwabavuga ko biboneye namaso yabo, bwavuye ahantu hanyuranye mu gihugu, bufite bwose icyo bwibuka gisobanutse ku buryo bwenda guhura, no ku tuntu duto duto, bikaba bitera gutekereza ko intwaro zerekanywe nkizakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege zatoratowe koko muri CEBOL hagati yitariki ya 7 niya 11 Mata 1994 kandi ko zeretswe abasilikare bo mu Ngabo zu Rwanda. Izo ntwaro zabanje kumurikwa mu kigo cya Kanombe hanyuma zijyanwa mu cya Kigali ari ho Liyetena Injenyeri Munyaneza yaba yarazisuzumiye. Hakwiye kwerekanwa ko izo ntwaro zeretswe imitwe yimena yIngabo zu Rwanda zari zahamagariwe kurwana, bikaba byasobanura ko iryo murika ryizo ntwaro ryari rigamije kubakangurira intambara na Jenoside kugira ngo bahorere Perezida hakurikijwe amagambo yakoreshejwe na Majoro Ntabakuze indege ikimara guhanuka.

Ibibazo byabyukijwe nivumburwa ryimbunda zirasa za misile ryavugwaga Ingirwa vumburwa ryintwaro muri CEBOL riteye ibibazo byinshi bituma hashidikanywa ku kuri kuko ibintu byagenze. Icya mbere, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Jandarumori yIgihugu, Jenerali Ndindiliyimana, yavuze ko atigeze yumva na rimwe i Kigali havugwa ivumburwa ryibibunda birasa za misile muri CEBOL zaba zarakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege yUmukuru wIgihugu, cyane cyane ko ahavugwa kuba ari ho iryo vumburwa ryabereye hari mu metero 300 uvuye kuri bariyeri yari ikomeye cyane yacungwaga nabajandarume be. Icya kabiri, icyo kibazo kiza ku birebana na Koloneli Bagosora, wari uhagarariye Minisiteri yIngabo kandi ntawe utazi uruhare rukomeye cyane yagize muri ariya makozere yose, iyo avuga ko atazi ukuntu biriya bibunda birasa za misile byabonetse, akavuga ko yabibonye gusa mu mpera zukwezi kwa Mata 1994 muri Minisiteri yIngabo 490 ! Na none, abatangabuhamya batuye ahegereye ahavugwa ko ariho habonetse intwaro batanga amatariki anyuranye ku buryo umuntu abona ko ibyo bavuga ari ibitekerano numukino wiyongera ku yindi myinshi Ingabo zu Rwanda zagiye zikina. Birahagije kwibutsa igisa nigitero cyo mwijoro ryuwa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Ukwakira 1990, i Kigali, cyari kigamije kwemeza ko barwana na FPR yacengeye mu murwa mukuru491. Igikorwa nkicyo cyabaye mwijoro ryuwa 6 Mata 1994 uwo mwanya nyuma yihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida ubwo humvikaniraga icyarimwe urufaya rwamasasu yarasagwa nabasilikare bo mu kigo cya Kanombe, abashinzwe kurinda Perezida bari ku kazi iwe nabo mu kigo cya Kigali, hagambiriwe kwemeza ko bariho barasana nabari bamaze guhanura indege ya Perezida492. Urwo rufaya rwamasasu rwarangwaga no kurasa mu kirere kwari kugamije
Amagambo ya Koloneli Bagosora mu butumwa bwiperereza mpuzamahanga ryumucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguire muri TPIR i Arusha, 18 Gicurasi 2000 491 Kureba Jenerali Majoro Paul Rwarakabije, Ikiganiro na Gabriel Pris na David Servenay ku wa 13 Mata 2006, Une guerre noire, op. cit., impap. 181-182 492 Kureba ubuhamya bwa Hitayezu Emmanuel, Nyagatare 31 Nyakanga 2007 ; Nkeshumpatse Callixte, Kigali 4 Mata 2008 ; Mutabaruka Hamzak, Kayonza 10 Gicurasi 2008 ; Iyamuremye Emmanuel, Kigali, 11 Kanama 2008 ; Turatsinze Samson, Kayonza, 13 Kanama 2008 ; Hagenimana Jean-Marie Vianney, Nyagatare, 1 Kanama 2008 ; Ngendahimana Prosper, Musanze 11 Nzeri 2008 ; Hategekimana Jean-Franois, Nyamagabe 20 Kanama 2008 ;
490

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kwemeza abantu ko bariho barasana nabanzi ngo bari i Masaka nyamara nta cyashoboraga kwerekana ko aho hantu harasiwe amasasu. Hakurikijwe inyandiko ya buri munsi yamakuru ya KIBAT, urwo rufaya rwamasasu rwatangiye hashize iminota ine yonyine indege ihanuwe : ahagana i saa mbili niminota mirongo itatu nine, H6 (iri i Kanombe) yerekanye ko haraswa amasasu amurika cyane mu kirere nayibibunda bya rutura hafi yaho . Urufaya rwamasasu yerekeraga i Masaka rwari nta shiti ishyirwa mu bikorwa rwibyo abasilikare bu Rwanda bari babwiwe mbere yigihe. Icya nyuma, hakwiye kwibutswa ko, muri metero 300 uvuye ku mazu ya CEBOL, ku muhanda wa kabulimbo ugana i Rwamagana ni Masaka, hari bariyeri itavaho yabasilikare nabajandarume kandi yarakoraga ku mugoroba wuwa 6 Mata 1994 igihe cyihanurwa ryindege. Iyo bariyeri yari muri metero 300 yahavugwa ko habonywe ibitembo bitera za misile nigodora, mu gishanga hafi yumugezi. Birasobanutse ko iyo ibisasu birasirwa aho ngaho, abasirikare nabajandarume barinda bariyeri yo kuri Km19 bari kubyumva. Kandi bari kubona namaso yabo ababirashe kuko aho hantu hagaragara neza ndetse na nijoro. Bari gushobora gukurikirana no gufata abarashe mbere yuko bava aho ibisasu byarasiwe. Ibibazo byatewe namafoto yibibunda bitera za misile byashyikirijwe Ubufaransa na Liyetena Koloneli Ephrem Rwabalinda MIP yeretswe fotokopi yamafoto yibibunda, isanga : ko nyuma yisuzumanwa buhanga rya mbere ryayo mafoto, bishoboka ko misile zaba zitigeze ziraswa : kuri fotokopi zamafoto, igitembo kiracyahari, ibipfundikizo iri mu mwanya wayo ku mpera zigitembo, ibuye na batiri birahari493. Kubera ibyo, MIP yanzura ko : Ibiva mu isuzuma ryitondewe ryibyo yashyikirijwe nko kumva ubuhamya byakozwe kugira ngo isuzuma ryuzuzwe ari ibi bikurikira : - ubwo bishoboka cyane ko misile yafotowe itarashwe, iyo misile ntishobora na gato gufatwa nkiyakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida Juvnal Habyarimana ; ifoto yiyo misile, yometse ku mugereka, igaragaza imwe mu nimero ihuye nizo Filip REYNTJENS yatangaje, hari amahirwe macye rero ko misile zerekanywe numwalimu wa kaminuza wumubiligi zihura neza rwose nizakoreshejwe mu guhanura indege ya Perezida Juvnal Habyarimana ; - Ikiboneka ni uko ibivugwa nabasilikare bo mu Ngabo zu Rwanda zari mu buhungiro (kureba inyandiko zatanzwe na Bwana MUNYANEZA aziha Bwana Filip REYNTJENS)
Ntiryerinda Augustin, Huye 13 Kanama 2008 ; Gasana Jean-Marie Vianney, Rubavu 29 Gashyantare 2008 ; Mudahunga Jean-Marie Vianney, Kigali 14 Werurwe 2008 ; Sibomana Etienne, Nyaruguru 13 Kamena 2008 ; Masengesho Innocent, Kigali 18 Werurwe 2008 ; Siborurema Silas, Nyaruguru 13 Kamena 2008 ; Karasanyi Franois, Nyaruguru 13 Kamena 2008 ; Nyirinkwaya Jean-Damascne, Kigali 6 Kamena 2008 ; Ntoranyi Protais, Huye 24 Gicurasi 2008 ; Kayitare Gatan, Kigali 25 Kamena 2008 ; Marihinde Juvnal, Huye 30 Kamena 2008 ; Nsengiyumva Tharcisse, Kigali 4 Kamena 2008 ; Kayitare Didace, Kirehe 15 Nyakanga 2007 ; Munyemana Godefroid, Huye 1 Nyakanga 2007 ; Zigirumugabe Grgoire, Kigali 6 Kanama 2008. 493 MIP, Imigereka, Byavuye mu ibaruwa ya Jenerali Mourgeon yandikiye M. Bernard Cazeneuve, 11 Ukuboza 1998, Ibisobanuro byuzuza ku mafoto ya za misile,urup.271

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bisa nibiri mu byamenyeshejwe MIP bigamije kwerekana, nta bushishozi, FPR na Uganda nkabashobora kuba barahanuye indege (kureba amafoto nurutonde rwa za misile ku mugereka). Ibyo byavuzwe na bamwe mu bayobozi bUbufaransa nta bushishozi barushije abandi, nkuko byemezwa nubuhamya bwa ba Bwana Bernard Debr, wahoze ari Minisitiri wUbutwererane, cyangwa Franois Lotard, wahoze ari Minisitiri wIngabo ; - Kubera amakuru ahuye abadepite ba MIP nabalimu bamwe ba kaminuza babonyenubwo bwose yagiye asakazwa binyuze mu nzira zinyuranye- agaragara nkadakwiye kwizerwa bisesuye kandi akaba atashoboye kwerekana intwaro yahanuye indege, hari ikibazo cyo kumenya aho urwo rujijo ruva. Uruhare rwabahoze mu ngabo zigihugu bari mu buhungiro muri uko kugerageza kuyobya uburari batanga amakuru atariyo ntirwaba ruberekana nkabantu bagerageje kugira icyo bazinzika ? Niba se bavuga ukuri, ntibaba barapfunyikiwe icyo babivugaho, muri icyo gihe rero, baba barabyohejwe na nde ? . Umucamanza Jean-Louis Bruguire, mu myanzuro ye, yavuze ko nimero zibyo bibunda bibiri bitera za misile Ingabo zu Rwanda zivuga ko zatoraguye aharasiwe ibisasu ( 04-87-04835 na 04-87-04814 ), zituma hamenyekana inkomoko yabyo ninzira byakurikiye kugira ngo bigere kuri FPR494. Umucamanza Bruguire yerekana ko yakoresheje iperereza mu cyahoze ari U.R.S.S. mu rwego rwubufatanye mu bucamanza maze Parike ya Moscou ikemeza izo nimero ebyiri ndetse ikavuga ko ziri muri misile 40 zo mu bwoko bwa SA 16 IGLA zahawe igihugu cya Uganda nyuma yuko kizitumiza. Iyo nzira ituma rero umucamanza Bruguire afata umwanzuro ko izo misile zari iza Uganda ntanashidikanye ko zaba zarahawe FPR kugira ngo amaherezo zizahanure Falcon 50. Nyamara, abadepite ba MIP yUbufaransa bari bize birambuye icyo kibazo, bari bavuze ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kandi ko Ibyabonetse nta ruhare na rumwe rwuwabikoze byerekana ku ihanurwa ryindege . Ni nako Komite ibibona.

Umwanzuro ku bivugwa ko misile zarasiwe i Masaka

Hatitawe ku magambo anyuranye atarimo ukuri aboneka mu buhamya nibindi bishaka kwerekana ko kuri CEBOL ari ho misile zahanuye indege ya Perezida zarasiwe, hari ibimenyetso nyabyo byerekana ko aho hantu hadashobora kuba ari ho harasiwe misile ; bimwe ni ibi : 1) Masaka ni agasozi kagenzurwaga kose nabantu ba guverinoma, gatuwe nabantu hafi ya bose bakomoka mu karere kamajyaruguru agana mu burengerazuba bari abayoboke bakomeye bingoma ya Habyalimana ; 2) Umuhanda ujya aho hantu wabaga ucunzwe nabajandarume ku manywa, naho nijoro ugacungwa nabasilikare bIngabo zu Rwanda, cyane cyane muri icyo gihe ibintu byari bimeze nabi cyane ;

494

Kureba impapuro 35 kugera 45 zicyemezo cyumucamanza

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3) CEBOL, aho za misile zaba zararasiwe, iri munsi yumuhanda wa kabulimbo, muri metero 300 uvuye kuri bariyeri yIngabo zu Rwanda, yari mwisangano ryimihanda : uwa kabulimbo nuwibitaka ujya i Masaka unyuze kuri CEBOL. Uri kuri iyo bariyeri, aba abona neza ibibera kuri CEBOL ndetse no hirya yayo kandi indege ya Perezida yari iteganirijwe, ubusanzwe, kugwa ku kibuga cyindege isaa kumi nimwe za nimunsi ku buryo bidashoboka ko abarashi na za misile zabo baba baragiye aho hantu, ku manywa yihangu, haba ku maguru cyangwa mu modoka, kugira ngo bategereze ko indege ica hejuru yaho, maze abasilikare bIngabo zu Rwanda bahacungaga ntibababone cyangwa ngo babonwe nabaturage batahaga iwabo bavuye mwisoko rya Mulindi ryabaga rihinda cyane, buri wa gatatu wa mbere wukwezi ; 4) Nubwo ibidashoboka byaba byarabaye, abarashe bakaba barageze aho hantu abasilikare nabajandarume bo kuri Km19 batababonye, abakozi ba CEBOL ntibababone cyangwa impunzi zari ziharundanye, ntibyumvikana ukuntu baba barahavuye amahoro bamaze kurasa za misile. Koko rero, nta gikorwa na kimwe cyabajandarume bari aho iruhande, kuri 19, cyangwa icyabasirikare cyigeze kiba ngo aho hantu hagotwe kandi hasakwe ; 5) Nkuko tuza kubibona hirya, inguni yarasiwemo za misile ya dogere 70, yagereranijwe na Nicolas Moreau, umusilikare windorerezi wa MINUAR watanze ubuhamya mu rubanza rwa Majoro Ntuyahaga i Buruseli, ikuraho ibyo kuvuga ko misile zaba zararasiwe i Masaka. Tuzabona mu gice cya kabiri ibindi bimenyetso bishimangira kurushaho ibi ngibi.

Ahantu hanyuranye ha Kanombe

Mu bivugwa byose ku bijyanye nahantu indege ya Perezida yaba yararasiwe Komite yasuzumye, bitatu byonyine ni byo bigaragara ko bifite agaciro kurusha ibindi. Icya mbere ni uko aho hantu ari mu kabande ka Masaka, mu kiraro cyigeragezwa cyiswe CEBOL, nta reme gifite kubera impamvu zikomeye zavuzwe. Icya kabiri nicya gatatu biza gusesengurwa byo bifata Kanombe nkahantu harasiwe ibisasu byahanuye indege Falcon 50. Abatangabuhamya bavuze Kanombe nkahantu harasiwe za misile bashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitatu : abasilikare bahoze ari Ingabo zu Rwanda, abakozi bo ku kibuga cyindege cya Kanombe nabasilikare ba MINUAR hamwe nabo mu butwererane mu bya gisilikare bAbabiligi. Bamwe bavuga ko aho ibisasu byarasiwe hagomba kuba ari mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe, ku buryo butarimo gushidikanya cyangwa gucishiriza, abandi bakavuga ahegereye ikibuga cyindege, ikigo cya gisilikare naho Perezida Habyalimana yari atuye ; hari abahera ku rusaku rwamasasu nibyuka byimbunda bumvaga hafi, abandi nabo bagafatira ku cyerekezo cyibisasu babonye naho byaganaga. Hakwiye gusobanurwa ko hari nijoro kandi ko ikigo cya Kanombe ari kinini cyane, bikaba ariyo mpamvu yatuma abatangabuhamya batabona ibintu mu buryo bumwe bitewe ahanini naho bari baherereye igihe ihanurwa ryindege ryabaga.

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Ku gipangu cyaho Perezida yari atuye cyangwa hafi cyane yaho Abatangabuhamya Nsengiyumva Tharcisse (batayo L.A.A ikigo cya Kanombe kuva mu mwaka wi 1984 kugera mu wi 1994)495, Kaporali Bicamumpaka Sylvestre (ikigo cya Kanombe kuva mu mwaka wi 1993 kugera mu wi 1994)496, Kaporali Turatsinze Samson (batayo parakomando Kanombe kuva mu mwaka wi 1987 kugera mu wi 1994) 497, Serija wa mbere Ntwarane Anastase (Abashinzwe kurinda Perezida wari wakoze ku kibuga cyindege kwitariki ya 06 Mata 1994)498, Kapiteni Bwanakweri Isidore (Umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri yIngabo kuva mu mwaka wi 1992 kugera mu wi 1994)499 na Kaporali Habimana Gonzague (parakomando 1986-1994)500 bavuga ko ibisasu byahanuye indege Falcon 50 byarasiwe ku rupangu rwaho Perezida yari atuye cyangwa hafi yarwo bakaba bashinja abasilikare barindaga Perezida bari bahari. Abo batangabuhamya bari mu kigo cya Kanombe cyangwa hafi cyane yacyo. Itsinda ryinzobere ebyiri zAbongereza mu byibibunda bya rutura no mu maperereza yo mu kirere ku ndege zahanuwe, imyanzuro yabo iri ku migereka yiyi raporo, basuzumye ubu buhamya bajya ahavugwa bagerageza kujya aho abatangabuhamya bari igihe indege ihanurwa maze bafata umwanzuro wuko ibyo bavuga bishobora kuba byo. Ikarita ikurikira yerekana ahantu izo nzobere zabonye ko ari ho hashobora kuba hamwe mu hashoboka ibisasu byahanuye indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyalimana byaba byaraturutse. Aho hantu ni iherezo ryikibuga cyindege ryi Burasirazuba, igice kimwe cyikigo cya Kanombe nahegereye cyane urugo rwa Perezida.

495 496

Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 04 Kamena 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rulindo, ku wa 20 Ukwakira 2008 497 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kayonza, ku wa 3 Kanama 2008 498 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kirehe, ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2008 499 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rilima, ku wa 08 Kanama 2008 500 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Muhanga, ku wa 03 Ukwakira 2008

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Nyarugunga na Nyandungu Abandi batangabuhamya nabo bavuga Kanombe nkahantu harasiwe ibisasu, hagati yaho Perezida yari atuye, Nyarugunga no hejuru yikibaya cya Nyandungu. Abo ni Serija Nteziryayo Sylvestre (ikigo cya Kanombe, para-komando kuva mu 1990 kugera mu 1994) 501, Kaporali Nsanzabera Vedaste (L.A.A. Kanombe kuva mu 1983 kugera mu 1994)502, Kaporali Munyerango Flicien (para-komando Kanombe kuva mu 1987 kugera mu 1994)503 na Serija Majoro Ngirumpatse Pascal (para-komando Kanombe kuva mu 1988 kugera mu 1994)504. Abatangabuhamya Elisaphan Kamali505 na Innocent Twagirayezu506, bari mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida bari ku kibuga cyindege igihe ihanurwa ryindege riba, bavuga ko abarashe indege bari mu nsi ya Nyarugunga. Naho Uwingabire Bernadette utuye i Kanombe, akagari ka Kamashashi, umurenge wa Nyarugunga, wegereye ikigo cya Kanombe ninzu Perezida yari atuyemo, aho atuye kuva mu mwaka wi 1986, ni nko muri metero 700 uvuye aho Perezida yari atuye, avuga ko yumvise namatwi ye ndetse no muri we umurindi wibisasu byahanuye indege. Avuga ko byarashwe bituruka mu nsi ya Nyarugunga507. Hakurikijwe inyigo ya gihanga yakozwe ninzobere yavuzwe haruguru, Nyarugunga na Nyandungu ntihari mu hantu hashoboka kuba ari ho harasiwe ibisasu. Ikindi kandi, ni uko ukurikije uko misile irasa, kwemera ubwo buhamya kwaba ari nko kuvuga ko misile zarasiwe aho indege yavaga, inyuma yayo, bikaba binyuranye nukuri. Ahegereye ikigo cya Kanombe Abatangabuhamya batari bacye, bagwiriyemo abasilikare bahoze mu Ngabo zu Rwanda babaga mu kigo cya Kanombe kimwe nabakozi bo ku kibuga cyindege cya Kanombe, bavuga ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu ntanzi zikigo cya Kanombe. Silas Siborurema yabaga mu kigo cya Kanombe kuva mu 1992. Yavuze ko indege yahanuwe nibisasu byaturutse hafi cyane yikigo [cya gisilikare] umaze kurenga akabande ka Nyarugunga. Nkurikije ibyo nitegereje, ibyo bisasu ntibyarasiwe imbere cyangwa inyuma yindege, ahubwo byayiturutse ibumoso508. Mutwarangabo Jean Bosco (ikigo cya Kanombe 1991-1994) yari mu kigo cya Kanombe igihe indege iturika akaba avuga ko ibisasu byaturutse hagati yikibuga cyindege nikigo cya gisilikare : Mu mugoroba wuwa 06 Mata, ihanurwa ryindege ryabaye hagati ya saa mbili na saa mbili nigice. Nari mvuye aho abayobozi babasilikare bicira akanyota kureba televiziyo nsubiye mu nzu turaramo. Numvise urusaku rwindege yerekezaga ku kibuga maze ndayireba. Uwo mwanya, nabonye igisasu kimurika mu kirere, maze indege ihita izimya
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 08 Ukwakira 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Huye, ku wa 30 Kamena 2008 503 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngoma (Kibungo), 15 Nyakanga 2008 504 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2008 505 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Ngororero, ku wa 21 Kamena 2008. Kamali ni umwe mu basilikare barindaga Perezida winjiye ubwa mbere mu munara ucunga indege ako kanya nyuma yihanuka ryindege. 506 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, ku wa 28 Gashyantare 2008 507 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 03 werurwe 2008 508 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyaruguru (Munini), ku wa 18 Mata 2008
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amatara. Nyuma yaho gato, igisasu cya mbere kiragenda, gikurikirwa nicya kabiri cyaturikije indege. Inkomoko yibyo bisasu byombi yari hafi yikigo cya gisilikare ahagana ku ruhande rwamajyepfo. Ibisasu byagiye bihura nindege biyiturutse imbere. Nibyayiturukaga inyuma509 . Serija Nsengiyumva Thogne yari ku kibuga cyindege ategereje umukuru wigihugu, ari mu mpera zikibuga ahagana ku ruhande rufatanye nikigo cya Kanombe. Yavuze ko ibisasu byahanuye indege byarashwe bituruka hafi cyane yaho yari ari: Numvise ibisasu bitatu biturika birasiwe hafi yaho nari ndi. Inkomoko yabyo nyishyira ahantu hegereye cyane ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe, neza rwose hagati yikigo nikibuga cyindege, ahatari kure yimirima ya kawa yari ihari icyo gihe. Ibyo bisasu byaturukaga ahantu hari intera yegereye cyane aho nari ndi. Ni ibintu nitayeho neza nkumusilikare wari ushinzwe umutekano wikibuga 510 . Iyamuremye Flicien yari umujandarume wikigo cya Kacyiru cyakukiraga Kompanyi yikibuga cyindege cya Kanombe yari ishinzwe umutekano wabagenzi ku kibuga cyindege. Yerekana ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu nsi yikibuga cyindege : Nari nakoreye ku kibuga cyindege mwijoro ryuwa 06 Mata 1994. Nari hanze maze mbona indege iturutse kure mwijuru rya Masaka. Abasilikare bari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida bahise bajya mu birindiro byabo. Hanyuma, numvise igisasu cya mbere maze mpita ntekereza ko ari indege bahanuye. Mu mwanya muto, ikindi gisasu cyarakurikiye, sinibuka ariko niba harabaye icya gatatu. Icyo nibuka, ni uko numvise ibyo bisasu nko mu bilometero bibiri uvuye ku kibuga cyindege. Hari ahantu hafi yikigo cya gisilikare, hepfo gato yikigo511 . Faustin Rwamakuba, yari umwe mu bashoferi ba Perezida Habyarimana, uwo munsi yari yashinzwe gupakira no gutwara imizigo kuva aho perezida yari atuye kugera ku kibuga cyindege, mu gitondo agenda na ni mugoroba aje. Rwamakuba yari ku kibuga cyindege ku mugoroba wuwa 06 Mata akaba avuga ko ibisasu byarashwe bituruka i Kanombe : Misile ebyiri zarashe ku ndege zikurikirana. Zaturukaga hepfo yikibuga cyindege kandi zigana aho indege ituruka kugira ngo zihure nayo mu cyerekezo cyaho ijya512. Heri Jumapili ni umugenzuzi wikirere wari wakoze mu ijoro ryuwa 06 rishyira uwa 07 Mata kandi yari atuye mu nkengero zikibuga cyindege. Ku mugoroba wuwa 06 Mata, yari iwe aruhuka. Yemeza ibi : Numvise ibisasu bibiri birasiwe hafi cyane yiwanjye 513. Abandi batangabuhamya bari mu kigo cya Kanombe cyangwa ahahegereye bahuriza ku kintu kimwe : ibisasu byarashwe bituruka hafi yikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe514. Kubera intera
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali (Shyorongi), ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2008 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Kigali, ku wa 08 Ukwakira 2008. Uyu mutangabuhamya ntakwiye kwitiranywa nundi ufite amazina yombi nkaye, Kapiteni Nsengiyumva Thogne wavuzwe mu gice cya mbere cyiyi raporo, watangiye ubuhamya i Gako ku wa 19 Kamena 2008 511 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Nyamagabe, ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2008 512 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rubavu, ku wa 29 gashyantare 2008 513 Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, ku wa 09 Mata 2008 514 Hategekimana Jean-Franois, ubuhamya i Nyamagabe ku wa 20 Kanama 2008 ; Ntagaranda Pierre-Claver, Huye ku wa 21 Kanama 2008 ; Nyabagabo Flicien, Gicumbi ku wa 19 Nzeri 2008.
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nto iri hagati yahantu havugwa nabatangabuhamya, ubu buhamya buvuga ko ibisasu byarasiwe hafi cyane yikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe bukwiye gushyirwa hamwe nubukurikira buhamya ikigo cya Kanombe ubwacyo. Mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe Kuri Cyprien Sindano, wategekaga ikibuga cyindege ku mugoroba wuwa 06 Mata 1994, ibisasu byaturutse mu kigo cya Kanombe cyangwa se mu ntanzi zacyo. Sindano ahuza abatangabuhamya ba mbere nabakurikira, ku bijyanye nubuhamya bwe bwumunyamwuga nkumuntu wari ufite umurimo wo kumenya ibyerekeye indege zose zikoresha ikibuga cya Kanombe no kuba yaritegereje ibibaye kandi nkumuntu umenyereye imiterere yaho hantu. Atanga ubuhamya, Sindano yegaragaye ko yari umuyobozi uri mu rwego rusumba izindi ku kibuga cyindege kandi ko ibyo avuga yabihagarayeho. Yasobanuye neza ko indege ya Perezida yari yamenyekanishijwe i saa mbili nigice zijoro. Igihe amasaha yari yegereje, yabajije mu munara ucunga indege niba bavugana nindege. Mu munara basubije ko indege igaragara. Sindano yahise asohoka mu biro bye kugira ngo arebe anakurikirane uko igwa. Yavuze ati : Nagize ntya, mbona ikintu kimeze nkikibatsi cyumuriro kizamuka kirenga inzira indege yari yafashe. Ako kanya, nyuma yaho, icya kabiri kirarasa gihamya indege iri mu kirere515. Ku kibazo cyo kumenya aho ibisasu byaturutse, Sindano yasubije atazuyaje : Nta handi hantu hashoboka, hari rwose ahegereye cyane ikigo cya gisilikare, niba atari mu kigo nyirizina. Ibyo ari byo byose, ntabwo hari kure cyane yikigo cya gisilikare . Hanyuma, ku byerekeye inzira ibisasu byakurikiye, Cyprien Sindano yasobanuye neza ko ibisasu byombi byavaga ku butaka bigenda bisanganira indege kandi byavaga iburyo bigana ibumoso516 . Naho umutangabuhamya Mathieu Gerlache, igisobanuro atanga cyo gisumbyeho, kandi kuri we, nta gushidikanya na kumwe kwemewe, yabonye ibisasu biva ku butaka bwikigo cya gisilikare bigana ku ndege. Koko rero, Mathieu Gerlache yari mu basilikare bAbabiligi ba MINUAR kandi yari ku munara ucunga indege wa kera ubwo indege ya Perezida yahanurwaga. Abajijwe ubwa mbere nabasilikare bAbabiligi bari mu Rwanda ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994, mu rwego rwiperereza ku rupfu rwabasilikare ba Loni bAbabiligi, yasobanuye ko, ku itariki ya 06 Mata 1994, yari ku izamu kuri radiyo, mu munara ucunga indege wa kera. Yabonye ko amatara yerekana inzira yindege yari amaze kwaka kandi mbere yari yahoze azimye, bituma abona neza ibyabaga. Mathieu Gerlache yahise asohoka muri wa munara, yishingikiriza ku kabaraza kugira ngo arebe indege yari igiye kugwa. Igihe indege yegeraga ikibuga, yarabutswe ikintu kimurika kivuye ku butaka kandi mbere yo kwerekana ko ari igisasu cya misile, asobanura neza ko Icyerekezo cyaho icyo kintu cyaturutse cyari ikigo cya gisilikare cya KANOMBE517 . Ubu buhamya ni igisobanuro cyingenzi mwitahurwa ryaho ibisasu byarashwe bituruka kandi bukwiye guhabwa agaciro bukwiye. Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko uwabutanze azi neza ahantu
Ubuhamya bwakiriwe na Komite i Rusizi, ku wa 08 Mata 2008 Ibidem 517 Kumva ubuhamya bwa Mathieu Gerlache, Iny. Mvug. N759/94, 30 Gicurasi 1994, Burigade ya Jandarumori Ishami ryUbutabera ryi Buruseli. Gerlache yari yarumviswe ubwa mbere ku wa 13 Mata 1994 nishami ryubugenzacyaha rya MINUAR-Kigali kandi yari yatanze ubuhamya busa nubu.
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avuga nintera iri hagati yahantu havugwa hose (ikibuga cyindege, ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe na Masaka ) kubera inshingano ze nubumenyi bwa gihanga bujyanye numwuga we yari afite. Ku rundi ruhande, umutangabuhamya Gerlache yari ahantu hirengeye, mu munara ucunga indege, uri hejuru yikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe kiri mu nsi yikibuga cyindege, hakaba ari ahantu haruta ahandi hose ho kwitegerereza indege ziri hafi kugwa. Ubuhamya bwa Mathieu Gerlache bushimangirwa nubwundi musilikare wa MINUAR, Nicolas Moreau, wavuze ko izo misile ebyiri zarashwe zituruka ibumoso zigana iburyo kandi ko inguni zarasiwemo ari nkiya 70, bikaba byerekana ko inkomoko yibisasu byarashwe ari mu gikingi cyikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe mu mipaka yacyo ubwacyo : Sinigeze mbona indege kuko hari umwijima mu kirere, hari mu ma saa mbili zijoro. () Ndashaka gusobanura ibyo ari byo byose ko uhereye ahantu nari ndi, ibisasu byombi byavaga ibumoso bigana iburyo mu kirere. Inguni yarasiwemo yari nkiya 70 518 . Naho nkuko bigaragara kuri karita, inguni yo kurasiramo uturutse muri CEBOL ifite dogere 30, bikaba byaratumye Komite yemeza ko kurasira mu kigo cya Gisilikare cya Kanombe ari byo byonyine bihura nizo degrs 70. Ubuhamya bwa Sindano, Gerlache na Moreau buhura nubwa Dogiteri Pasuch Massimo (Liyetena Koloneli), umutangabuhamya wiyumviye kandi akibonera ibyabaye wari umuganga mu bitaro bya gisilikare bya Kanombe kandi wari utuye ku mpera zamajyaruguru agana mu burasirazuba zikigo cya Kanombe muri metero nka 500 uvuye aho Perezida yari atuye. Dogiteri Pasuch yavuze ko yumvise urusaku rwicyuka kandi akabona urumuri rwihuta rufite ibara nkiryicunga rihishije () rwakurikiwe nimyoromo ibiri . Kuva icyo gihe, Dogiteri Pasuch ntiyongeye kumva urusaku rwindege519. Iyo igisasu cyahanuye indege kiza kurasirwa i Masaka, Dogiteri Pasuch numushyitsi we, Dogiteri Daubresse Daniel, na we wumusilikare wumuganga wUmubiligi (majoro ) wari kwa Dogiteri Pasuch, ku mugoroba wuwa 06 Mata 1994, ntibaba barashoboye kumva icyuka cyibisasu bari hagati mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe aho Pasuch yari atuye. Nta shiti, ibisasu byarasiwe ahantu hatari kure yaho uyu muganga yari atuye. Undi muntu utari umutangabuhamya kuri ibyo bintu byabaye ariko wakoze amaperereza yumwugakwihanurwa ryindege Falcon 50, Kapiteni Sean Moorhouse, yageze ku mwanzuro uvuga ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe. Koko rero, Sean Moorhouse yahoze ari umusilikare mukuru wingabo zUbwongereza wakoze mu Rwanda kuva mu kwezi kwa Nzeri 1994 kugera mu kwa Werurwe 1995 mwitsinda rya MINUAR II ryari rishinzwe gukusanya amakuru, riyobowe na Jenerali Guy Toussignat, wasimbuye Dallaire. Sean Moorhouse yabwiye Komite ko kuva yagera mu Rwanda, Jenerali Toussignat yamushinze gukusanya amakuru byumwihariko kwihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida no kuri Jenoside. Kugira ngo uwo murimo utungane, hashyizweho itsinda ryinzobere enye mu byamaperereza, rigizwe nabantu bane barimo Sean Moorhouse ubwe, umunyakanada, umunyaositaraliya numunyamerika. Sean Moorhouse yasobanuye neza ko mu kazi kabo, bakusanyije amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi yaje gusuzumwa, akayungururwa, akanasesengurwa kugira ngo bagumane gusa afite ukuri kurusha ayandi. Ku bijyanye nihanurwa ryindege, Sean Moorhouse yavuze ko
Urubanza rwa Ntuyahaga, inyandiko mvugo. N 805/94 yo ku wa13 Kamena 1994, Urukiko rwa gisilikare Buruseli 519 Iny. Mvug. yubuhamya bwo ku wa 9.5.1994 Pasuch Massimo yahaye urukiko rwa gisilikare rwi Buruseli.
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amakuru bakusanyije yatumye iryo tsinda risanga indege ya Perezida wu Rwanda yarahanuwe nabazungu batatu babifashijwemo nabasilikare barinda Perezida kandi ibisasu byayihanuye byararasiwe mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe520 .

Ibivugwa ku batangabuhamya ninkuru zabo

Abatangabuhamya bahoze mu ngabo zu Rwanda batera amakenga kubera ko abenshi mu bari bagize igisilikare barimo abari kwisonga yabakoze Jenoside nubundi bwicanyi, kimwe no kugerageza guhirika ubutegetsi kwazahaje inzego nkuru zigihugu. Ihanurwa ryindege ya Perezida Habyalimana ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye byuwo mugambi wo guhirika ubutegetsi. Ku rundi ruhande, amacenga yabahoze ari ingabo zu Rwanda ashaka kwemeza ko bavumbuye ibibunda birasa za misile, i Masaka, yari agamije nta shiti gushyira kure y ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe nahacyegereye ahakekwa kuba hararasiwe ibisasu byahanuye indege. Ndetse mbere bari bavuze ko yasiwe CND aho FPR yari iri ndetse na Kabuga ariko baza kuhareka kuko bitashobokaga kubera ko ari kure cyane yaho ibibunda birasa misile bishobora kugeza ibisasu byabyo. Ku byerekeye abatangabuhamya bahoze mu Ngabo zu Rwanda bemeza ko aharasiwe misile ari aho Perezida yari atuye nyirizina cyangwa ahegereye urupangu rwaho cyangwa se mu gice cyikibanza Perezida yari atuyemo, ikintu ubu buhamya bwabo bwerekana ni uko buhurira ku mwanzuro ko ahantu haturutse ibisasu byahanuye indege ya Habyalimana ari mu ifasi yegereye cyane aho Perezida yari atuye nikigo cya gisilikare cyi Kanombe, bizwi ko hacungwaga ku buryo bukomeye nimitwe yihariye yabasilikare bahoze mu ngabo zu Rwanda, byumwihariko abari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida na batayo para-komando. Naho impuguke mu byindege bari ku kibuga, muri bo Komanda wIkibuga cyIndege Cyprien Sindano numugenzuzi mukuru mu byindege Heri Jumapili, icyiza cyabo ni uko ari abanyamwuga bamenyereye ikibuga cyindege no hafi yacyo, ahari ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe naho Umukuru wIgihugu yari atuye kandi bakaba bafite ubumenyi bujyanye ningendo zindege. Ubuhamya bwabo buri mu bufite ireme kugirango bwizerwe ku bijyanye naho misile zarashwe zituruka. Ku basilikare ba MINUAR bavuzwe mbere, ubuhamya bwabo biraruhije kubushidikanyaho. Nkabantu bari bazi neza ikibuga cyindege nahagikikije, nabatangabuhamya bari mu mirimo yabo yindorerezi igihe indege ihanurwa kandi babonye neza uko ibintu byagenze. Mathieu Gerlache yari ahantu hirengeye ha metero nkesheshatu, hahanamiye ikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe kandi yari ariho areba indege. Gerlache avuga ko yabonye ibisasu bya misile biva ku butaka bikagera ku ndege. Yakurikiye inzira yabyo nicyo byakoze ku ndege maze asobanura neza ko byaturutse mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe. Gerlache yahise akorera raporo abayobozi be kandi akorera raporo igipolisi cya MINUAR gishinzwe ubutabera ; hanyuma yatanze ubuhamya mu rukiko rwa gisilikare rwAbabiligi, i Buruseli, kwitariki ya 30 Gicurasi 1994, ukwezi kumwe gusa nyuma yibyabaye akaba kandi yarabivuze mbere rugikubita ndetse no kubitangira ubuhamya mu gipolisi cya MINUAR .

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Ubuhamya bwa Nicolas Moreau na bwo burakomeye kuko, nkumusirikare ubihugukiwemo, yahise abara ibipimo byinguni misile zarasiwemo, akabona degrs 70. Rero, nkuko biboneka ku gishushanyo cyabikorewe kiri ku mugereka521, uretse ko Masaka-CEBOL yaretse kuba mu hantu hashobora gukekwa ko ari ho ibisasu byarashwe bituruka, umubare wa degrs 70 zapimwe werekana ko mu gikingi cyikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe ari ho hantu harasiwe misile zahanuye indege Falcon 50 yaguyemo Perezida Habyalimana nabo bari kumwe.

Abahanuye indege
Ubuhamya bwavuzwe haruguru, byumwihariko ubwavuye ku batangabuhamya bari ku kibuga cyindege, butuma abahanuye indege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyalimana bagaragara. Koko rero, ikibuga cyindege cyi Kanombe kiri ku murambi uri haruguru yikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe uboneje rwose neza ukurikiye inzira indege zicaho ugana i Burasirazuba. Umubande wa Nyarugunga wo uri munsi yicyo kigo cya gisilikare, mu cyerekezo kimwe cyi Burasirazuba cyinzira indege zinyuramo zigwa ku kibuga. Agasozi kose ka Masaka (kuva mu kabande kugera mu mpinga) kari kure (ibirometero 10 uvuye ku kibuga cyindege, ibirometero bibiri urebeye mu kirere); karaboneka neza iyo umuntu ari ku kibuga cyindege. Agasozi ka Masaka kaboneka kurushaho iyo umuntu ari mu munara wa kera ucunga indege ureshya na metero 6 ku buryo umuntu abona amanuye amaso igice cyose cyo ku mpera zinzira indege zinyuramo (icyerekezo cyi Burasirazuba), akareba ikigo cyose cya Kanombe numubande wa Nyarugunga, kugeza ku gasozi ka Masaka haruguru. Ntibishoboka rero, ku muntu ureba (niyo byaba mu ijoro) ari ku kibuga cyindege, noneho anarebera mu munara ucunga indege witegeye aho hantu hose, kudashobora kumenya gutandukanya aho hantu hatatu asanzwe azi kandi abona cyane cyane ko hafite ubutumburuke bunyuranye no kumenya aharasiwe misile. Iyo misile iza kurasirwa i Masaka, nta gushidikanya ko, ababirebaga kandi biboneye ubwabo ibyabaye, bajyaga kumenya nta kwibeshya ko ari ho ibisasu byarashwe bituruka. Ikindi kandi, ntibishoboka ko, muri icyo gihe cyimidugararo ikomeye kubera intambara hagati ya FPR ningabo zu Rwanda yari imaze imyaka ine, abasilikare batari abingabo zu Rwanda baba barashoboye gucengera ngo bahanure indege bari mu gikingi cyikigo cya gisilikare cyi Kanombe kandi harinzwe nimitwe yingabo ikomeye kurusha iyindi uretse no kuba muri metero nkeya zingoro yUmukuru wIgihugu. Byongeye kandi, ntihabe harabayeho na gato kurwanya uwateye! Kubera ibyo, ku bwa Komite, nta gushidikanya ko ibisasu byarasiwe mu gikingi cya gisilikare cya Kanombe aho abantu batabifitiye uruhushya batashoboraga kwinjira. Kubera izo mpamvu, Komite irahamya ko abasilikare bIngabo zu Rwanda ari bo bahanuye indege ya Perezida Habyarimana. Dusobanure neza ko igikingi cyikigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe kigizwe ninkambi ya gisilikare nyirizina nibindi bice bigikubiyemo. Kigizwe namazu yabasilikare, ibitaro, amacumbi yabaterankunga mu bya gisilikare, ndetse nimirima nikindi gice ahari irimbi ryabasilikare hamwe nishyamba rinini bihagije aho abasilikare bamashiraga bakahakorera niyindi myitozo ya gisilikare.
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UMWANZURO RUSANGE
Ibimenyetso byinshi byakusanyijwe mwiperereza no mwisuzuma ryibintu bifatika ku byerekeye ihanurwa ryindege Falcon 50 ya Perezida Habyarimana, mwijoro ryuwa 06 Mata 1994, byatumye Komite igera ku mwanzuro wuko ari Ingabo zu Rwanda zagize uruhare mwitegurwa ryumugambi mubisha no mwishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo. Nyuma yo kwisubiraho inshuro nyinshi, Perezida Habyarimana yarashyize, mu mboneko zukwezi kwa Mata 1994, yemera ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyari bikubiye mu Masezerano yArusha byagombaga kugaragarira mwirahira ryabagize Guvernoma yInzibacyuho Yaguye nabagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yInzibacyuho. Intagondwa zabari bamukikije, barimo Thoneste Bagosora, Anatole Nsengiyumva, Mathieu Ngirumpatse na Joseph Nzirorera, bari barwanyije bimazeyo ayo masezerano, bakiriye icyemezo cya Perezida cyo kuyashyira mu bikorwa nkintambwe ya nyuma itakwihanganirwa mu kubangamira inyungu zabo muri politiki no mu bukungu, maze kuva ubwo bemeza gukuraho Perezida Habyarimana bafataga nkumugambanyi. Koko rero, ishyirwaho ryinzego zari ziteganijwe mu Masezerano yArusha ryari gutesha izo ntagondwa inyungu nyinshi nko gusonerwa ku mahoro binyuranyije namategeko, gucuruza magendu nizindi nyungu babonaga kubera ubutegetsi bari barihariye mu Rwanda kuva mu 1973. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryAmasezerano yArusha ryabonwaga kandi nkurwaho ruhawe umwanzi wabo, FPR, rwo kwinjira muri politiki no mu gisilikare ndetse no kugabana ubutegetsi, ibyo bakaba barabonaga atari ibyo kwihanganirwa. Ubwo bwoba bari bafitiye FPR bwari bushimangiwe nuko abenshi mu basilikare bingabo zu Rwanda bari bagiye kujya mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru maze imyanya yabo bakayisigira abasilikare naba ofisiye bInkotanyi (A.P.R.). Irimburwa ryAbatutsi niyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana byahise bihurizwa mu mushinga umwe wo kugundira ubutegetsi bihariye. Kugira ngo bagere ku cyo bashakaga, abahanuye indege ya Perezida Habyarimana bakoresheje uburyo bubiri: ubwa politiki nubwa gisilikare. Mbere na mbere, abayobozi bintagondwa bibumbiye muri Hutu power bateganije ibikorwa byo kuburagiza abasilikare bAbabiligi bo muri MINUAR kugira ngo babananize bave mu Rwanda maze MINUAR ibure abasilikare babahanga kandi bafite ibikoresho bikomeye. Icyabibateraga ni ukumva ko abasilikare bAbabiligi bamaze kugenda, MINUAR yasigara nta ntege maze Ingabo zu Rwanda zikaba zahangana nayo iramutse ishatse kubabuza guhirika ubutegetsi no gukora Jenoside, naho mu rwego rwa gisilikare bakoresheje ishyirahamwe AMASASU ryategekwaga na Koloneli Bagosora bitaga Komanda Mike Tango. Guhera mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 1994, abari kwisonga rya Hutu power niryAMASASU batangiye ibikorwa byinshi bitaziguye byo gushotora ku mugaragaro abasilikare bAbabiligi kandi batunganya uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza inkuru zo gusebya Ababiligi babinyujije ku bitangazamakuru bari bamaze gushinga birangwa no gushyushya imitwe, birimo ikinyamakuru Kangura na Radiyo Televiziyo Libre des Mille Collines (R.T.L.M.). Ni uko abanyamakuru ba RTLM, nka Georges Ruggiu, Valrie Bemeriki, Nol Hitimana na Gaspard Gahigi, bahagurutse ningoga nyinshi bakikoma Ababiligi banasaba abaturage gufata abasilikare ba MINUAR bAbabiligi nAbabiligi muri rusange nkibyitso bya FPR nabanzi bigihugu kimwe nAbatutsi. Ku itariki ya 27 zukwezi kwa Mutarama 1994, inzego ziperereza za MINUAR zerekanye ko 182

nyuma yinama yari yabereye ku Kimihurura, mu gitondo cyuwo munsi, ku cyicaro cya MRND, RTLM yari yatanze itangazo mu kinyarwanda rikangurira abantu, ku mugaragaro kandi ku buryo butaziguye, guhohotera Ababiligi. Koloneli Andr Vincent, umuyobozi wubutwererane mu bya tekiniki ya gisilikare mu Rwanda yasabye abayobozi bu Rwanda gukuraho iryo sebanya ariko ntiyagira igisubizo abona. Abatangabuhamya benshi bAbanyarwanda, nka Jean-Marie Vianney Mvulirwenande, umujyanama mwitumanaho wa Perezida Habyarimana kugera mu kwezi kwa Mata 1994, bavuze ko hari uwo mwuka mubi wo kwibasira Ababiligi kandi berekana ko ari abanyapolitiki bAbahutu bintagondwa nka Ferdinand Nahimana nabakuru babasilikare nabo bintagondwa barimo Theoneste Bagosora bari kwisonga ryiryo sebanya. Abasilikare bo mu bashinzwe kurinda Perezida nabo muri batayo para-komando batoranijwe na ba Majoro Mpiranya na Ntabakuze, boherezwa, bambaye gisivili, mu myigaragambyo yamashyaka ya politiki, bafite ubutumwa bwo guteza imvururu bafatanije ninsoresore zInterahamwe nImpuzamugambi, kugira ngo bashoze intambara hagati yabo nabasilikare bAbabiligi bo muri MINUAR. Iyicwa ryabasilikare 10 ba Loni bAbabiligi, ku wa 07 Mata 1994, ryabaye indunduro yibyo bamamazaga kandi ryabagejeje ku cyo bifuzaga: gutaha kw abasilikare bAbabiligi. Umugambi wacuzwe wari ufite kandi ishami rya gisilikare, ryashishikarije imitwe ya gisilikare yihariye yIngabo zu Rwanda uburyo bwo kurwanya FPR nImishyikirano yArusha nkibikorwa byihutirwa kandi bikenewe cyane. Abatangabuhamya benshi bavuga ko abasilikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda bayoboraga ibigo bikomeye kurusha ibindi nka za batayo parakomando, abashinzwe kurinda Perezida, Ubutasi nabo mu mutwe wAbarwanya indege, bamaganaga bivuye inyuma imishyikirano yArusha maze bagasaba abasilikare bayoboye kwitegura intambara aho kugira ngo abasilikare ba APR binjizwe mu ngabo zu Rwanda. Abo batangabuhamya barahuza bemeza ko abategekaga ibyo bigo, byumwihariko Majoro Ntabakuze, bacengezaga mu basilikare babo kutemera Amasezerano yArusha, cyane cyane ku byerekeye ivangwa ryigabo zimpande zombi. Liyetena Koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva we, ku ruhande rwe, yabwiye Perezida Habyalimana ko bazamwica naramuka ahirahiye agashyira mu bikorwa Amasezerano yArusha. Ni ngombwa kwerekana ko aya masezerano ya nyuma yagombaga gusiga igisirikare kivanze gifite abasilikare 13000 nabajandarume 6000 barimo 40% ba FPR na 60% ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma yagombaga kugira abasilikare nabajandarume 11400 naho FPR ikagira 7600. Birazwi ko mu bihe bya nyuma mbere ya Mata 1994, abasirikare ba Guverinoma bageraga ku mubare wa 35 000, ni ukuvuga ko 23 600 muri bo bagombaga kuvanwa mu gisilikare cya Guverinoma, bihwanye na 67%, ibi rero byatumaga abenshi muri bo bahagarika umutima bakarwanya Amasezerano yArusha nicyemezo cya Perezida cyo kuyashyira mu bikorwa. Ni nako kandi byari bimeze mu basilikare bakuru. Abatangabuhamya banasobanuye neza ko Koloneli Bagosora, nubwo yari yarashyizwe mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru mu gisilikare, mu gihe yivumburaga mu mishyikirano yArusha mu mwaka w1993, avuga ko atashye mu Rwanda gutegura umunsi wimperuka wAbatutsi, yajyaga kenshi mu kigo cya gisilikare cya Kanombe akahatanga inyigisho zubukangurambaga abasaba kwitegura kwirukana burundu FPR igasubira muri Uganda aho kwemera igisilikare kivanze no kugabana ubutegetsi. Abasilikare bakuru bAbabiligi bo muri MINUAR nabo mu butwererane 183

mu bya tekiniki ya gisilikare, bari bafitanye ubucuti nabayobozi bigisilikare cyu Rwanda, babonye na bo ayo matwara yubutagondwa bwabasilikare bakuru bo mu ngabo zu Rwanda nukuntu bari biyemeje, mu cyumweru cyabanjirije ihanurwa ryindege, kuburizamo Amasezerano yArusha. Nubwo yari yarabwiwe kuva kera ko naramuka yemeye amasezerano yArusha bazamukuraho, umugambi wo kumwica wacuzwe igihe bigaragaye ko agiye kuyashyira mu bikorwa nta yandi mananiza. Intambwe za nyuma zo gusohoza uwo mugambi zatewe nyuma yinama yo ku wa 02 Mata 1994, yabereye ku Gisenyi, yahuje Perezida Habyarimana, Uwari uhagarariye Umuryango wAbibumbye mu Rwanda, Jacques Roger Booh-Booh, nibindi bikomererwa byo muri MRND no mu gisilikare birimo Joseph Nzirorera, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa MRND, Higaniro Alphonse nabandi, yarangiye Perezida Habyalimana yiyemeje gukuraho inzitizi zose zishyirwaho ryinzego zinzibacyuho, atitaye ku babirwanya barangajwe imbere na Bagosora na Nzirorera. Ibintu byagiye irudubi ku wa 04 Mata 1994 igihe Perezida Habyalimana ahaye amabwiriza Umuyobozi wIbiro bye, Enock Ruhigira, yo kwandika itangazo rimenyesha ko abagize Guverinoma nInteko Ishinga Amategeko byinzibacyuho bazarahira ku itariki ya 08 Mata 1994, yaraye avuye mu nama i Dar-es-Salaam. Ni bwo rero kuri iyo tariki ya 4 Mata 1994, Koloneli Bagosora yatangiye gukora ibishoboka we na bagenzi be ngo bahirike ubutegetsi, aribyo byavuyemo igikorwa cyo kwica Perezida Habyarimana. Mu gusoza iri perereza umwanzuro Komite yagezeho, nyuma yo gusesengura ibikubiye muri iyi Raporo, ni uko intagondwa zabasirikare bari, tariki ya 6 Mata 1994, mu Ngabo zu Rwanda, ari bo bahanuye indege Falcon 50 N 9XR- NN yaguyemo Perezida Juvnal HABYARIMANA nabari kumwe nawe.

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