Professional Documents
Culture Documents
04
Japanese Aerospace Industry
Presented by The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies 2011
THE SOCIETY OF JAPANESE AEROSPACE COMPANIES (SJAC)
The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies
1-1-14 NOF Tameike Bldg. 2F
Akasaka, Minato-ku
Tokyo, Japan 107-0052
Telephone: (+81) 3-3585-0511
Facsimile: (+81) 3-3585-0541
http:/ / www.sjac.or.jp
www.sjac.or.jp
Tabl e of Cont ent s
J apanese Ai r c r af t I ndust r y6
Ai r c r af t f or Nat i onal Def ense 6
1. Support Fighters of the Highest
Global Standards
2. Aircraft Development
Ci vi l Ai r c r af t f or St eady Gr ow t h
Ex pec t at i ons8
1. Increases in Demand for Passenger and
Transport Aircraft
2. Japans Role in Multinational
Development
3. Domestic Development of Civil Aircraft
Hel i c opt er s and St at e-of -t he-Ar t
Tec hnol ogi es 10
1. Civil Helicopters
2. Defense Aircraft
Ai r c r af t Engi nes 12
1. Civil Engines
2. Defense Engines
Japan' s Hi ghl y Rel i abl e Ai r c r af t
Equi pment 14
1. Hydraulic Systems
2. Cabin Pressure and Air Conditioning
Systems
3. Avionics and Flight Control Systems
4. Power Supply Systems
5. Landing Gear Systems
6. Other Systems
Cabi n and I nt er i or Syst ems f or
I n-Fl i ght Comf or t 16
Advanc ed Ai r c r af t Mat er i al s 17
J apanese Ai r c r af t I ndust r y6
Ai r c r af t f or Nat i onal Def ense 6
1. Support Fighters of the Highest
Global Standards
2. Aircraft Development
Ci vi l Ai r c r af t f or St eady Gr ow t h
Ex pec t at i ons8
1. Increases in Demand for Passenger and
Transport Aircraft
2. Japans Role in Multinational
Development
3. Domestic Development of Civil Aircraft
Hel i c opt er s and St at e-of -t he-Ar t
Technol ogi es 10
1. Civil Helicopters
2. Defense Aircraft
Ai r c r af t Engi nes 12
1. Civil Engines
2. Defense Engines
Japan' s Hi ghl y Rel i abl e Ai r c r af t
Equi pment 14
1. Hydraulic Systems
2. Cabin Pressure and Air Conditioning
Systems
3. Avionics and Flight Control Systems
4. Power Supply Systems
5. Landing Gear Systems
6. Other Systems
Cabi n and I nt er i or Syst ems f or
I n-Fl i ght Comf or t 16
Advanc ed Ai r c r af t Mat er i al s 17
For a certain period after the end of the war, Japan was
forbidden from any activities related to the development
and production of aircraft, and our aerospace industry
thus fell behind those of the US and Europe. Starting
with the licensed production of defense aircraft, national
development and production systems have grown. The
development and manufacture of defense aircraft was
the base of the Japanese aerospace industry, and in
recent years the F-2 fighter (a joint Japan-US project),
the OH-1 observation helicopter, the T-7 trainer US-2
amphibious search & rescue flying boat have been
successfully developed and produced in this country.
The P-1 Fixed-Wing Maritime Patrol Aircraft is being
delivered.
Delivery of the XC-2 Next-Generation Transport Aircraft
will start in 2011.
With a steady increase in passenger transportation,
Japanese producers are fur ther devel opi ng and
manufacturing civil aircraft, and the importance of this
industry has thus risen. In the 1960s, Japan focused on
the YS-11 transport aircraft and other similar projects.
More recently, international joint development has
become main stream due to the enlargement of the
airline industry in general, which has gone global, and
thus the risks have increased as well. Currently, Japan is
participating in the development of aircraft such as the
B767, B777 and B787, and engines such as the V2500,
TRENT1000, GEnx, etc.
V2500 Turbofan Engine (Japanese Aero Engines Corporation)
T-4 Intermediate Jet Trainer (Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Memorial First Shipment of B787 Dreamliner Components from Centrair
Airport in Nagoya (Boeing)
2 3
3. Space-Related Activities
Japanese space-related projects are comparable to the
world standard. We have successfully developed launch
vehicles such as the M- and H-A, and also in the
satellite feld, we have contributed to the development of
various engineering test satellites, observation satellites,
global navigation satellites, etc. The development
technologies of H-A were transferred to a private
sector. The company has received a commercial
order to launch South Korean satellite on an H-A
rocket: expectations are mounting for launch of more
commercial satellites in the future. Meanwhile, the H-
B rocket, an upgrade model of the H-A, has been
developed. It was first production used in a successful
launch of the H-Transfer Vehicle (HTV) in September
2009. The HTV, an unmanned cargo transporter, carries
supplies to the International Space Station (ISS).
The second launch of H-B was also successful in
January 2011.
In recent years, space exploration and usage have
become a major part of the overall industry activities.
Japanese producers now strive to increase reliability and
reduce costs in order to compete in the global market.
Launch of H-B NO.1 (JAXA)
Wideband InterNetworking engineering test and Demonstration
Satellite "KIZUNA" (WINDS) (JAXA)
Advanced Land Observing Satellite "DAICHI" (ALOS) (JAXA)
For a certain period after the end of the war, Japan was
forbidden from any activities related to the development
and production of aircraft, and our aerospace industry
thus fell behind those of the US and Europe. Starting
with the licensed production of defense aircraft, national
development and production systems have grown. The
development and manufacture of defense aircraft was
the base of the Japanese aerospace industry, and in
recent years the F-2 fighter (a joint Japan-US project),
the OH-1 observation helicopter, the T-7 trainer US-2
amphibious search & rescue flying boat have been
successfully developed and produced in this country.
The P-1 Fixed-Wing Maritime Patrol Aircraft is being
delivered.
Delivery of the XC-2 Next-Generation Transport Aircraft
will start in 2011.
With a steady increase in passenger transportation,
Japanese producers are fur ther devel opi ng and
manufacturing civil aircraft, and the importance of this
industry has thus risen. In the 1960s, Japan focused on
the YS-11 transport aircraft and other similar projects.
More recently, international joint development has
become main stream due to the enlargement of the
airline industry in general, which has gone global, and
thus the risks have increased as well. Currently, Japan is
participating in the development of aircraft such as the
B767, B777 and B787, and engines such as the V2500,
TRENT1000, GEnx, etc.
V2500 Turbofan Engine (Japanese Aero Engines Corporation)
T-4 Intermediate Jet Trainer (Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Memorial First Shipment of B787 Dreamliner Components from Centrair
Airport in Nagoya (Boeing)
4 5
Engine Component Plant (IHI CO.) Large CFRP Structure Manufacturing Plant (Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.)
Autoclave for CFRP Structure Manufacturing (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Japan
61 62 62 55 52 42 47 46
United States
47 54 45 45 44 43 44 44
United Kingdom
45 50 51 54 48 48 50 52
France
28 33 32 33 29 27 24 24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Dependence of Defense Contracts on Major Countries
4. Japanese Aerospace Industry Sales
The aerospace industry in Japan has steadily increased
to a total of 1,356 billion yen (with aircraft-related
activities accounting for 1,086 billion yen and space-
related activities accounting for 270 billion yen). As of
2009, a total of 31,561 persons were employed in this
industr y, with 25,220 and 6,341 persons involved in
aircraft-related and space-related activities respectively.
A recent and slight decrease in employment numbers
can be attributed to an increase in overall ef ficiency.
The propor ti on of defense ai rcraft stood at one
time between 80% and 90% of total sales, and export
components of civil aircraft have increased since the
late 1990s along with the promotion of multinational
development projects. Consequently, defense-related
products currently are around 50% of total sales. The
Japanese aerospace industry is compared with those of
foreign countries in the chart right. The United States
is over whelmingly large, and various EU countries,
Canada and Japan follow.
When compared with the automobile, home electric,
computer and other industries in Japan, the aerospace
industr y is still relatively small. Much is therefore
expected of Japanese producers over the coming years.
The trade balance has been in deficit due to the large
amount of airlines procurement of aircraft from abroad.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1975 1985 1995 2009
(Units:Billion yen)
Space
Aircraft (civil)
Aircraft (defense)
United States United Kingdom France Canada Germany Japan
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
(Units:Billion dollars)
189
33
46
19.4
33
14.5
Japanese Aerospace Industry Sales (FY1975-FY2009)
Aerospace Revenue of Major Countries (2009)
Trade Balance of Major Aerospace Industries (2009)
United States France Japan
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
(Units:Billion dollars)
23.7
4.8
56
(%)
4 5
Engine Component Plant (IHI CO.) Large CFRP Structure Manufacturing Plant (Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd.)
Autoclave for CFRP Structure Manufacturing (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Japan
61 62 62 55 52 42 47 46
United States
47 54 45 45 44 43 44 44
United Kingdom
45 50 51 54 48 48 50 52
France
28 33 32 33 29 27 24 24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Dependence of Defense Contracts on Major Countries
4. Japanese Aerospace Industry Sales
The aerospace industry in Japan has steadily increased
to a total of 1,356 billion yen (with aircraft-related
activities accounting for 1,086 billion yen and space-
related activities accounting for 270 billion yen). As of
2009, a total of 31,561 persons were employed in this
industr y, with 25,220 and 6,341 persons involved in
aircraft-related and space-related activities respectively.
A recent and slight decrease in employment numbers
can be attributed to an increase in overall ef ficiency.
The propor ti on of defense ai rcraft stood at one
time between 80% and 90% of total sales, and export
components of civil aircraft have increased since the
late 1990s along with the promotion of multinational
development projects. Consequently, defense-related
products currently are around 50% of total sales. The
Japanese aerospace industry is compared with those of
foreign countries in the chart right. The United States
is over whelmingly large, and various EU countries,
Canada and Japan follow.
When compared with the automobile, home electric,
computer and other industries in Japan, the aerospace
industr y is still relatively small. Much is therefore
expected of Japanese producers over the coming years.
The trade balance has been in deficit due to the large
amount of airlines procurement of aircraft from abroad.
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1975 1985 1995 2009
(Units:Billion yen)
Space
Aircraft (civil)
Aircraft (defense)
United States United Kingdom France Canada Germany Japan
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
(Units:Billion dollars)
189
33
46
19.4
33
14.5
Japanese Aerospace Industry Sales (FY1975-FY2009)
Aerospace Revenue of Major Countries (2009)
Trade Balance of Major Aerospace Industries (2009)
United States France Japan
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
(Units:Billion dollars)
23.7
4.8
56
(%)
6 7
1. Support Fighters of the Highest Global Standards
Next-generation Fixed-wing Maritime Patrol Aircraft
and Transport Aircraft to be used as successor models
for the P-3C and the C-1, and simultaneous development
activities began in 200l.
By making use of multi-utilization to the utmost, it is
expected that there will be a reduction in the overall
devel opment cost. Next- Generati on Fi xed- Wi ng
Maritime Patrol Aircraft succeeded in the first flight
in September 2007 and delivery to the base started in
2008. Next-Generation Transport Aircraft successfully
completed its frst fight in January 2010 and delivery to
the base will start in 2011.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The Ministr y of Defense is currently developing
unmanned aerial vehicles. Studies to evaluate conversion
of the F-104 Fighter for pilotless operation are underway.
The ministry is also developing an unmanned aircraft
research system whose autonomous flight function
enables automatic landing.
Trainers
The Ministry of Defense is designing and developing
trainers such as the T-4 and T-7 indigenously in Japan.
Both the airframe and engine of the T-4 intermediate
trainer are fully developed and produced in this country.
Making the most of its excellent agility, the aerial-
combat research aircraft (nicknamed Blue Impulse)
appeals to people at airs shows held at various air bases
throughout Japan.
Fur thermore, the outspread applications of such
technical advances not only contributes to the design
and manufacture of civil aircraft, but it also has helped to
form strong technical foundation in other industries.
Advanced Technology Demonstrator (ATD)
In the ATD program, high maneuvering stealth prototype
will be made with advanced technologies such as stealth
form, high maneuvering flight control and advanced
composite material. It will be used to verify the stealth
technology in actual fight environment and establish the
performance needed for the future fghter jet.
P-1 Fixed-Wing Maritime Patrol Aircraft (Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Ltd.)
XC-2 Next-Generation Transport Aircraft (Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Ltd.) Advanced Technology Demonstrator (Full Scale RCS Test Model)
J apanese Ai r c r af t I ndust r y
Ai r c r af t f or Nat i onal Def ense
Japans defense aircraft industry was reborn in 1952 with aircraft such as the F-86F and
T-33 manufactured under license from the United States, in 1958, Japans first jet trainer
was developed and produced. Many significant steps in the advancement of the design and
manufacturing technologies have followed. Today, Japanese aircraft manufacturers have their own
capability to develop, produce and maintain a wide range of defense aircraft, such as fghters,
transporters, patrol planes, trainers and search & rescue vessels, which has thus contributed to
the national defense.
Developed jointly by Japan and the United States, the F-2
support fghter is used in multiple roles, such as tactical
air support and maritime operations, close air support
and defensive counter-air operations. Highly regarded
both at home and overseas, this fghter features a host of
advanced technologies developed indigenously in Japan.
Co-cured composite wings
In order to achieve lightweight aircraft, co-cured
composite material technology was applied for the
first time in wing construction. This technology has
subsequently been transferred to the United States,
and some wings are now produced by American
manufacturers utilizing this technology.
Digital fy-by-wire
Digital fly-by-wire technologies have been adopted to
achieve higher agility - the heartbeat of todays fghter
- and by combining these technologies with lightweight
wings, the worlds highest standards of maneuverability,
acceleration and many other agility-related factors
have been achieved. The carefree digital flight control
allows the F-2 to automatically prevent dangerous fying
conditions, and this has contributed to increase flight
safety.
Active phased-array radar
Radar provides a fighter with eyes, and the F-2 is the
frst fghter in the world to feature active phased-array
radar technology. Thanks to this type of system, it has
been possible to achieve standoff and anti-ship attack
capabilities of the highest standard.
2. Aircraft Development
Japanese Ai r c r af t I ndust r y
Ai r c r af t f or Nat i onal Def ense
Japans defense aircraft industry was reborn in 1952 with aircraft such as the F-86F and
T-33 manufactured under license from the United States, in 1958, Japans first jet trainer
was developed and produced. Many significant steps in the advancement of the design and
manufacturing technologies have followed. Today, Japanese aircraft manufacturers have their own
capability to develop, produce and maintain a wide range of defense aircraft, such as fghters,
transporters, patrol planes, trainers and search & rescue vessels, which has thus contributed to
the national defense.
Developed jointly by Japan and the United States, the F-2
support fghter is used in multiple roles, such as tactical
air support and maritime operations, close air support
and defensive counter-air operations. Highly regarded
both at home and overseas, this fghter features a host of
advanced technologies developed indigenously in Japan.
Co-cured composite wings
In order to achieve lightweight aircraft, co-cured
composite material technology was applied for the
first time in wing construction. This technology has
subsequently been transferred to the United States,
and some wings are now produced by American
manufacturers utilizing this technology.
Digital fy-by-wire
Digital fly-by-wire technologies have been adopted to
achieve higher agility - the heartbeat of todays fghter
- and by combining these technologies with lightweight
wings, the worlds highest standards of maneuverability,
acceleration and many other agility-related factors
have been achieved. The carefree digital flight control
allows the F-2 to automatically prevent dangerous fying
conditions, and this has contributed to increase flight
safety.
Active phased-array radar
Radar provides a fighter with eyes, and the F-2 is the
frst fghter in the world to feature active phased-array
radar technology. Thanks to this type of system, it has
been possible to achieve standoff and anti-ship attack
capabilities of the highest standard.
2. Aircraft Development
The Soc i et y of
J apanese Aer ospac e Compani es
The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC), founded in 1952 as the Japanese
aerospace industry was reborn, has contributed to the growth of our aerospace industry through
its various activities, as listed below.
1. Industrial Policies Promotion
The Soc i et y of
J apanese Aer ospac e Compani es
The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC), founded in 1952 as the Japanese
aerospace industry was reborn, has contributed to the growth of our aerospace industry through
its various activities, as listed below.
1. Industrial Policies Promotion