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Marian Stauder 1. K is a 4th grader with autism.

He spends most of his day in a general education classroom but is pulled out for reading and math. 2. Skill: reading comprehension 3. While K can decode well and read all the words in a passage, he struggles with answering questions about what he has read. He especially has trouble with Who? and Why? questions. According to his teacher, when presented with a who question, K gives the name of a thing instead of a person. When presented with a why question, K may give an answer, but it does not answer the question. 4. What? Why? What are the typical To see what Ks level is compared to students his comprehension age. abilities of a 4th grader? Answer: How is passage for To see whether K struggles with comprehending comprehension written word, spoken word, or both. presented? (orally/silently, teacher/student) Answer: The student reads it out loud. How are To see whether K struggles with comprehending comprehension written word, spoken word, or both. questions presented? (orally/silently, teacher/student) Answer: The teacher orally presents the student with a question. What is Ks current reading level? Answer: DRA 3 What is the average reading level for Answer: DRA 40 To see the gap between K and his classmates. DRA, online To better understand Ks current level of performance. Source Special Ed Teacher

Special ed. teacher, observation

Special ed. teacher, observation

Special Ed teacher

Marian Stauder 5. What? What questions can K answer about a story? What is incorrect about his answers?

Why? To see what K can comprehend and what areas need more attention. To pinpoint what about the story K understands and to better understand his comprehension process.

Source Collecting data

Procedures: 1. Select a previously unseen book at Ks instructional comprehension reading level. 2. Instruct him to read part of it out loud, usually a page at a time. 3. Orally ask him questions about what he has read (one Who and one What) 4. K answers orally. 5. Document the questions and Ks answers, and make a note of which questions were correct and incorrect. Results: Session Who Question Who Answer 1 Who read when Jack read? Ate the sandwich (correct: Lily) What did Lily do when Jack ate? Sandwich (correct: she ate) 2 Who reads to the girl in the story? Nighttime (correct answer: her dad) What is one thing that happens at nighttime? Bats (bats flying) + 3 Who else was in the story (Besides Lucy)? Lucy did it (correct answer: the dog) What was one of the things that Lucy did in the story? Rip (Ripped a book) +

Score: What Question What Answer Score:

2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Ses. 1 Ses. 2 Ses. 3 Who What

2 = +, 1 = -

Marian Stauder

Answer: K can usually answer What questions about a story, but he cannot answer Who questions. All What questions featured the correct type of response, but 6. K has the most trouble with Who questions. Since he can provide acceptable answers to What questions, I dont think his problem is remembering the story or what happened. The fact that his Who answers werent the correct format (nouns, specifically characters in the story) suggests that he doesnt understand what the word who means when its used to begin a question. Knowing this, I will most likely start with focusing on what who means when instructing K, then moving on to increasingly complex questions. 7. After reading a DRA-3 book, K will correctly answer 100% of Who? and What? questions orally on five consecutive occasions. 8. Being able to answer Who and What questions will enable K to have a better understanding of what he reads. These improved reading comprehension skills will benefit him not only in reading class, but in all subjects. K will also be able to communicate better in social and other non-academic situations because of this skill.

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