01

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When I was about four years old, I saw a bright red (1.). I told my father excitedly that I wanted ( a ) be a

fireman when I grew ( b ). Instead ( c ) ( ) me that females could

not be fireman, he told me that enough ( d ) it.

( I / fireman / be / the / to / to / very / would / work / hard /have / ) that anything was possible if I worked hard I did not know what ) I really

best ). I was very fortunate because I grew (b) (

My biggest problem when I was young, particularly in high school, was that wanted to do in life. I only knew that I wanted to go to college.

objective to work toward. Of course, I worked to get good grades, but I did not know ( e

My parents did not have the money to send me to college, but I was offered a scholarship ( f ) My very first job was at McDonalds. I

the University of Illinois, which I accepted. It was necessary to supplement my scholarship ( g ) (2.) ( h ) a job in the evenings and ( i ) weekends. mention it because

the lessons of that job were as important as what I was taught in my classes. I

learned a great deal about economics and about politics with the boss and with co-workers.

how every job, even hamburger sales, involves ) Asian studies. ) true

In my classes, I most enjoyed international affairs and I chose to major ( j a profound impact ( k ) me ( l ) many ways. I realized ( m

During my (3.), I earned a grant to study during the summer in New Delhi. That trip ( ) ) the first time ( n poverty is. Like most people, I had read about hunger and lack of (4.) in the world, but seeing it first-hand was shocking. I felt helpless. Even if I gave a ( ) money, I knew it would change nothing for him. (

When I left India, I had developed the (5.) that education was the single most

important factor that could reduce poverty and disease in the world. I still believe that today. ) my senior year, I tried to get a full-time job. My problem was not getting job interviews; it was my clothes. Throughout my college days, my scholarship had paid for my classes and books, and my job in the evenings and on weekends had paid for my food and (6.). I never had any money for (7.) spending, so I was still wearing the same clothes I had worn in high school. Whenever I went to an interview, my competitors looked professional in their attire, ( o clothes (p) I got a job. I was ( q another option ( ). I was offered a teaching-assistant position at my university. It was a subject I rather liked U.S. Constitutional Law and it would enable me ( s position.

) I looked like a rather

shabby young student. I could not get a job ( p ) I could buy better clothes, but I could not buy ) the verge ( r ) ( ) money to buy a (8.) when

) continue my studies ( t ) get a Ph.D.

For

financial reasons, and to give me better credentials with which to obtain a job, I decided to accept the It sometimes happens that the quality of the teacher, rather than the substance of the subject, ) me in graduate school. I was

determines the interests of the student. That is what happened ( u Eastern studies. 1

so impressed with two of the professors that I knew, that I decided to specialize ( v ) Middle

 (1)( a (3)(

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)( v ) ) ) , beg , think , borrow , finish , arose )(

(2)( 1 )~( 8

have , tell

(4) PC (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) that (12) (13) 02 When I finished my Ph.D. classwork, it was time to undertake research ( a ) my dissertation. My professors wanted me to research ( b ) Afghan women. I did not want to do that; I preferred to research the subject of oil and politics in Iran. However, it was imperative that my professors ( ) pleased with my dissertation, so I bowed to their wishes. ) my way to Afghanistan to ( ) research. I heard ( d ) the In 1973, I was in New York ( c

radio that there had been a coup detat in Kabul and ( e ) the borders were closed. Oh, I was happy! I called my professor to ask permission to change my plans. He agreed and I departed ( f ) spend a year in Iran ( ( g ) 356 students ( h ) on oil (1.). )( i ) the world who applied to do political research in Iran that year, ), he said, that women do not remember or

I was the only one who was granted a permit by the Iranian Government. I felt privileged until a government official told me the reason. It is ( ( j ) such disdain in Iran! were very

think too much, so they pose little threat. What a surprise it was to me that my gender was viewed Iran was a (2.) difficult place for a single, (3.24 ) woman. I did not know anyone when I arrived and even simple issues such as how to find a place to live and how to shop wanted to go home, but I never would have forgiven myself if I ( ) up. After I returned to the United States, the next big steps in my life were ( k dissertation and to get a job.

difficult. My si was not yet good enough to converse well and I was extremely lonely. So many times I ) finish writing my

Both turned out to be much harder than I thought they would be due

to a difficulty that would come up again and again in my future sexism. In the United States, a committee of professors review ones Ph.D. dissertation. (4.), one of the professors took me aside and told me that if I ( l ) spend the night ( m ) him, things 2

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would ( ) easier for me. I declined and was very distraught. I was (5.), so I let no one ( ).

When my committee met, the (6.) professor was the only one who refused to ( n

approve

my dissertation. The chairperson of my committee knew that my dissertation was excellent, so, ) private, he asked me what was happening. I told him of the professors proposition. My chairperson then went and had a talk ( o ) the professor and my dissertation passed unanimously. A similar event was to determine the next step in my career. I decided that I had enjoyed ( ) and wanted to apply ( p ) a professorship at a major university. I was thrilled to be selected ( q ) a finalist and went to be interviewed. Everything went exceedingly well. ( r ) the end of the interviews, the chairperson of the department took me aside and said that the job was mine if I could pass one final hurdle. He said he wanted to come ( s ) my hotel room that night for another

interview. I knew ( t ) he meant and I said no. He was furious. who should have been angry. Instead, I just felt very depressed. (1)( a (3)( do )( t ) ) )( , be ,

I remember thinking that it was I

(2)( 1 )~( 6

) give , go , know , teach , research , assume

(4) 1 (5) (6) (7) (8)to (9) 03

It was (1.) the university interview that I saw an ad in the newspaper ( a b ) knowledge of the Middle East ( c ) analyze intelligence ( d

) a political

science position at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The ( ( aspirations and activities. I knew that this was the job I had been waiting ( e weapons are designed and manufactured, and ( Gradually, I began to ( ) ( g f )!

) was for someone ) nuclear weapons

I began to work at LLNL in late 1976. The work was fascinating. I learned on-the-job how nuclear ) ancillary topics such as nuclear testing. ) oversight of ) least once a month, where I ) some management responsibilities, (

projects and (2.) of funding. I had to go to Washington, D.C. ( h interacted ( i ) people in many government agencies. In my (3.) at LLNL,

there were approximately 60 professionals, all of them men except me. Also, ) men got in the same position. Also, 3 the standards by which I

I was the only social scientist. (4.), it was a difficult work environment. My starting salary was literally (5.) of ( j

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was judged during performance reviews were much higher than those by which my male counterparts were judged.

I (as / as / to / else / had / twice / hard / work / everyone ). Fortunately, my

productivity and quality were judged not just by my superiors at LLNL, but also by (6.) in Washington, D.C. Washington officials began to praise my work and request me ( k ) name. Sometimes, other workers tried to ( not only ( product. The next big career step in my life ( ) when I decided to take a job in Washington, D.C. I accepted a position at the United States Information Agency, the organization responsible ( n ) conducting public opinion polls abroad. This job enabled me to ( ) some relationships ( o ) people who could help further my career. I had ( p ) last learned that often the most critical factor in ones career is and told her

) credit ( l

) my work. I learned that it was imperative ) the

) excellent work, but also to make sure that my name was associated ( m

whom you know, not what you know.

I met a woman in then-President Reagans White House Office of Personnel. I gave her my resume

I would like to obtain a job in the Department of State. She liked my credentials and

offered to help me. This is the way I became a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. The Department of State was a wonderful experience. I worked ( q ) an exceptional boss who was intelligent and morning if you are working (q) high quality people. The White House Office of Personnel was very pleased ( r ) my performance in the Department of State and I was soon offered a promotion to become director of non-proliferation policy in the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA). Because this was a high-level position, it required that I

be approved by the U.S. Congress. )( r ) ) ) , build , do , include , post , occur )( , take

(1)( a (3)( take

(2)( 1 )~( 6

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 04 At ACDA, I worked primarily ( dangers ( b a ) nuclear non-proliferation policy, ( ) to reduce the ) the spread of nuclear weapons. The work itself was very (1.); I felt 4

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like I was doing something that mattered. Unfortunately, the work environment was a bit more

difficult

( A

) than in the Department of State. c ) arms control. I told him that we ought to schedule a trip

At one of my first meetings with my new ACDA boss, I told him that I thought it was very important to reopen dialog with China (

( B

) to discuss non-proliferation. My boss replied, Thats fine, but I want you to know that I will ) me a few moments ( d ) understand because the remark seemed so

be taking my wife. It ( propositioning him! ( ( e ) back,

(2.). Then I understood, but did not know

) to say. My boss thought I was

I do not think I could have done or said anything differently. It was just a fact

) life for me that some men would think like that and others would not. I just had to make sure

that such incidents did not affect me and ( f ) I would continue to act very professionally. While I was at ACDA, I became increasingly ( ) that nations and terrorist groups would pursue a cheaper and technologically easier route ( g ) weapons they would acquire chemical and/or biological weapons. ( h ) that time, there had been no incidents like the Aum Shinrikyo attacks or Saddam Husseins use of chemicals against the (3.) people, so it was impossible to convince my colleagues that we should worry very much about these weapon weapons. Also, I was unable to convince others that missiles were a (4.) threat. initiatives I undertook was try to ( U.S. and the USSR opened ( i

Everyone in government seemed to me to

be focused only on the former Soviet Union. My (5.) level was pretty high. One of the ) the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty one between the

) more nations. I thought j

it would be good if nations like North ). However,

Korea were pressured to give up the same type of missiles that the U.S. and USSR ( this idea was strongly opposed by an official ( successful. When the first President Bush came ( k ) office, he chose time for me to leave. I decided to write and teach for a while. My first book, ( to a publisher. ( l

) the Department of Defense, so it was not that Department of Defense official to

be the new head of ACDA. Although the ACDA job had been exciting and fulfilling, I knew it was ) while teaching at George Mason University in Washington, was about ) rejection was that

weapons of mass destruction nuclear chemical and biological. When it was finished, I submitted it ) my surprise and horror, it was rejected! The reason ( m the reviewers believed that chemical and biological weapons were not weapons of mass destruction. I next sent the book to a more prestigious publisher, the University of Illinois Press. They printed it and sold every copy. The book was such a success that it was published in Portuguese, Spanish and German. I learned, again, how important it is not to give ( n ). In the next couple of years, and testifying ( q

(books / I / more / wrote / five), one ( o

) which was fiction. I lectured ) research ( p )

in universities around the world. Also, I spent a great (6.) of time ( ) (7.) of the U.S. Congress. ) power ( s When the Republicans came back ( r

) the second President Bush. I was invited to

take a high-level position in the government again. I decided not to do it. Instead, I have retired to 5

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Hawaii ( r ) I tend an orchard of lime trees, play golf, and work part-time ( s ) telecommuting.

Central to my decision was the memory of something my father said to me as he was dying,

Remember that no one ever dies wishing he had spent another day at the office. Life is short, so make the best of it. (1)( a (3)( do )( s ) ) ) , write )(

(2)( 1 )~( 7

, take , look , get , try , abandon , concern

(4) (5)(A)1 (6) [ where , there , here , the place , which , in which , what ] (7)(6) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) 05 Outside the windows of the Foreign Correspondents Club, Tokyo sprawls ( a on the 20th floor of the Denki-Biru in Yurakucho. older brothers. The man sitting ( c ) ( d ) me has all the energy ( e ) someone who has lived in Japan longer, ) Japanese culture reflect this (1.), than ( A ), and who has never lost his fascination ( f ) the most (2. ) details of its culture. His more than thirty books ( parson who introduced Japanese film to the United States. I ask him ( h unaffected. ) his initial impressions of Japan when he arrived ( i ) January 1946 ( j

) ( b ) us: we are

Somewhere down on the other side of the JR

Yamanote line is Gomza, tucked in comfortably among the rest, as if it were just a boy in a bed full of

curiosity and intelligence. His name is Donald Richie, and he is the most well known ( g ) the )a

soldier in the American Occupational Forces.

His look is distinguished, his manner smooth and

He speaks gently but with authority, his voice a low purr.

When I first arrived, he begins, ( k ) you see below you did not exist. ( l ) the beginning, I came here and stood at the intersection, the famous one, in Ginza, and what towered ( m Mount Fuji, off ( n ) the distance. That was a very particular time, of course. 6

) us was

A few years later or

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a few years earlier you would not have been able to see it, of course, for all the buildings. But American bombing had leveled everything in the area except the Mitsukoshi department store and the Hattori building. This was Japan, (3.?),

this was what Japan had come to, from ) and thought, What is this going

where it would have to rise up again. So I stood there looking ( o first Japanese film.

to look ( p ) year from now? What will rise in its place? He then tells me about going to see his The year is 1947, and the room is the Gekijo Tokyo Kurabu, a movie theater in Asakusa. He is standing ( q ) the back or the ( Japanese film, but because, ( r

) theater watching the images flicker across the screen. He is ) to be there.

the only foreigner in the room, not only because no other Americans are interested in seeing a ) a soldier, he ( No fraternization ( s ) the (4.) Personnel, read the English signs. This means no Kabuki,

no coffee shops, no dance halls and no cinema.

Anyone caught would be sent back home. ) sure (5.) that there were no other

He has ( ) into the theater nonetheless, (

foreigners ( t ). The Japanese in the theater all notice him, of course, but no one acknowledges his (6.). He does not even have to pay for a ticket which is fortune, since he has no Japanese money anyway. So he stands and watches. The screen shows a sports car in front of Mount Fuji, (7.) two comedians, one of ( u ( v ) a pond. Of course, he cannot understand what they are saying. form. And

) falls

Yet there is a sense in which

being unable to understand what is being said is remarkably freeing. Cinema is, (8.), a visual art

just as a person deprived of one of the five senses finds the remaining senses growing

( w ) acuity, so he finds himself concentrating ( x ) what he can see paying close attention ( y ) the details of scene composition. (1)( a (3)( )( y ) ) ) )(

(2)( 1 )~( 8 make

, forbid , cover , pack , sneak

(4) (5)( A ) 3 [ foreigner , foreigners , any , many , some , much , more ] (6) (7) (8) it (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) 7