KIDNEY

Mixed gland Exocrine (Compound tubular gland) Uriniferous Tubule = Glomeruli + Renal tubules Urine Structural Organization CORTEX outer, dark layer granular appearance - dt : presence of highly vascular renal corpuscles * difference in colour between the cortex and medulla reflects the distribution of intrarenal vasculature - 90-95% of blood passes through the cortex - only 5-50% passes through medulla MEDULLA inner, pale layer striated appearance - dt: presence of renal tubules and surrounding vasculature
composed of : 8-12 medullary pyramids - their bases form = cortico-medullary junction - apices (renal papillae) protrude into minor calyces - tips of papillae are perforated by the openings of collecting duct hence, called area of cribrosa

Endocrine Juxta-glomerular apparatus + Renal Interstitium Control of A.B.P

Lobulation of Kidney (no true CT septa!)

Kidney represents compound tubular gland divided into lobes & lobules but is lacking of CT septa Lobulation is based on: subdivisions of renal artery within renal parenchyma/distribution of blood vessels drainage of the unit structures of the kidney (uriniferous tubules) Renal Lobe 1 medullary pyramid + mass of cortical tissue surrounding its base & sides ( renal column on each side of a pyramid) Renal Lobule 1 medullary ray + mass of cortical tissue surrounding it *all nephrons in each lobules are drained by a single collecting duct in its centre

Medullary rays Renal columns

extensions from medulla into the cortex extensions from cortex into the medulla

contain straight tubules & collecting ducts contain interlobar blood vessels

1 ureter 2 renal column 3 renal pyramid 4 cortex 5 medulla 6 renal pelvis 7 renal papillae

Histological Components of the Kidney parenchyma functional unit : uriniferous tubule capsule Outer fibrous layer Inner cellular layer dense regular CT dense irregular CT - myofibroblast stroma renal interstitium

Nephrons Renal corpuscle - Bowmans capsule - glomerulus -mesangium

Collecting tubules

Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule

Classification of nephrons

- CT filling the spaces between the parenchyma - in medulla > cortex - composed of : 1. delicate network of reticular fibers (supporting parenchyma) + small collagen bundles (around BV) 2. highly hydrated matrix of mucopolysaccharides 3. CT cells : -macrophages -fibroblasts - medullary fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) Oriented perpendicular to the axis of tubules Their processes are closely attached to tubules Supportive + secretory function secrete PG + medullipin peptide (control ABP)

Subcapsular nephrons Intermediate nephrons Juxtamedullary nephrons

Zonation of the MEDULLA

position of renal corpuscles lying under the capsule in the midregion of cortex deep in the cortex, near the medulla

length of Loop of Henle very short intermediate length very long

longitudinal organization of the renal tubules forming the nephrons is responsible for - the striated appearance of renal medulla - its morphological divisions into zones Intrarenal vasculature Arterial supply renal artery (on entering the hilum, through renal column) interlobar arteries (at corticomedullary junctions) arcuate arteries interlobular arteries (between adjacent medullary rays, end as capsular arteries) afferent arterioles (intralobular branches) glomerular capillaries ( 1st capillary network from 10-20 capillary loops) efferent arterioles (portal) 2nd capillary network
(according to position of corpuscular glomeruli from which they originate)

corpuscles subcapsular & intermediate juxtamedullary corpuscles

2 capillary network peritubular capillaries - surround nearby renal tubules vasa recta - descending vessels - ascending vessels

nd

endothelium + fx fenestrated transport of reabsorbed substance from renal tubules into blood continuous trap urea fenestrated water transport from collecting tubule to blood

Structural features of renal vasculature creating high glomerular pressure: 1. Short course of renal artery ( arise directly from abdominal aorta) 2. Coiled course of glomerular tuft of capillaries 3. well developed internal elastic lamina of afferent arterioles

Venous drainage outer zone of cortex deep zone of cortex medulla

superficial cortical veins stellate veins interlobular veins arcuate veins interlobar veins deep cortical veins interlobular arcuate interlobar veins poor directly in interlobar veins renal veins IVC