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Exclusive SAP Basis Training Book | www.sapdocs.info

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Exclusive SAP Basis Training Book | www.sapdocs.info Document Transcript
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1. 1 15-jul-11SAP BASIS 2. 2SAP BASISConsider the following example [EMAIL or RAILWAY]For Email - It requires a PC and an Application installed in it. Yahoo/ Google1. Client requests2. The request is processed by an interface3. The request reaches server4. The server process the request5. Response back to the user either {Ticket/ Email}This environment is called as a Client/ Server Architecture. 3. 3R/2 Client-Server1. Client provides an interface to communicate with the server.Eg: IE, GUI2. Client uses DB Client software to communicate with server3. Each request is processed by communicating with server onlyI.e. there is no intermediate layer in R/24. Servers are heavily loaded/ traffic, long queues there by reducing the performance of the servers.5. There is no queuing mechanism and only server queues are maintained.6. Server needs to process the request (Understanding the user language). Interpretation takes time.These are the disadvantages of R/2 Systems.Client Server Environment:Client requests and server responds. The major disadvantage of Client Server architecture is1. DB Client is installed on the client2. Processing takes place at client side3. No intermediate buffers for the frequently accessed content4. There is no queue mechanism to handle the requests there by servers are heavily loaded.5. The server side processing consumes resources to process (Interpret the user requests)The need of middle layer/ tier rose to come out of the steps. The result is the Application layer/ ServerApplication server is deployed and it provides the following functionality1. DB Client is installed to free up the clients (i.e. there will be only one DB Client for Applicationserver earlier each client needs DB Client software)2. There is a queue mechanism to handle the request there by reducing the load on the client andserver.3. User requests are served based on the FIFO using dispatcher.4. Work process task handlers are used to interpret and process the request. 4. 45. Intermediate buffers are available for the frequently accessed content to reduce the load on theDatabase server.6. The server side processing is only takes place for new requests there by server resources areoptimally used.Need for the Middle Layer: R/3 ArchitectureThe advantages of deploying Application Layer: It is the Intermediate layer in between the Client and the Server. It is installed with a databaseclient to communicate with the database server i.e. all the clients are freed with DB Clients.Application server/ layer handle the request and process them based on FIFO (First in and First out). Ithas its own queue mechanism to process the user request. It also contains the task interpreters tointerpret the user request and route it to the server. 5. 5It is intelligent to store the frequently accessed data thereby reducing the load on the server.R/3 Architecture:SAP uses the industry specific 3-Layer Architecture and named it as R/3 Architecture.It consists of three 3 Layers1. Presentation Server/ Layer/ Tier2. Application Server3. Database Layer1. Presentation Server:It is a client for all the SAP Solutions. It is also referred as SAPGUI. There are three 3 types of SAP GUI 1. SAP GUI for windows (On Windows OS) 2. SAP GUI for JAVA (On all OS where JAVA is supported) 3. SAPGUI for HTML (for web based)SAP provides various versions of GUI (4.6c, 620, 640, 700, 710 and 720)2. Application Server: It is used to handle the user request and process them to the database. It has dispatcherto process and monitor the user request, work process to process and interpret the requests, Bufferareas to store the frequently accessed data. It absorbs the load both from Client and the server.3. Database server/ layer/ tier: It is the area where the complete data resides. It has its own queue, process, buffers, andrequest handling mechanism. Most of the databases are on Oracle. SAP is pushing MAXDB (withoutany license key), Microsoft SQL Server & IBM DB2 with discounted prizes.SAP is focusing SMB (Small Mid-sized Business) and promoting SAP for nearly 1 million/ Rs. 10 Lakhs/per customer. 6. 6Supporting Platforms: SAP can be installed on Microsoft windows 2000, win2k3 (2008 is under evaluation). Itcan be installed on 32bit or 64bit operating systems. 64 bit means a single process can serve the userwith 4GB RAM/ Memory whereas in 32 bit it is 1.9GB Memory. 264, 232 / 8 bytes.HP UNIX and ORACLE HP UNIX 11.23 ORACLE 9.2.0.6 / 10.2.0.4AIX and ORACLE IBM Specific operating system with version 5.3 technical (TL) level 7 (TL7)AIX and DB/2 Proprietary of IBM gives more mileage. Both provided by IBMISERIES/ AS400 with DB/2 This is also IBM specific which provides more consistency, reliability, mileage than any other operating system and database.Sun OS (SOLARIS with ORACLE)LINUX (SUSE, RHL (RED HAT LINUX) and ORACLE LINUX)Note: Linux with MaxDB is supported by SAP and provides more leverage (Finance)Microsoft windows and SQL Server This is the best combination for interactive usage 7. 7Installation of Presentation Server (SAPGUI)Use presentation server DVD and go to the respective OS win32 and run setupall.exe and follow theonscreen instructions. Saplogon icon is installed on the desktop. Double click and enter the entries of the application serverLaunch saplogon icon and click on New ItemEnter the Description Application Server SID System No 16-jul-09BASIS1. It provides runtime to SAP Applications2. Basis is a layer where all the applications reside3. Basis provides the infrastructure to manage, monitor, and administer the SAP ApplicationsEg:Basis provides User ManagementBusiness process MonitoringRole based SecurityPerformance Gauge etc.Three 3 Tier/ Layer/ Server Architecture 1. Presentation Server 2. Application Server 3. Database Server1. Presentation Server It is an SAP GUI. It is of 3 types SAPGUI for windows, HTML and JAVA. It is used toestablish connection with SAP Application Server based on the name of the application server,Instance Number, SID etc. 8. 8Installation of Presentation Server (SAPGUI)Use presentation server DVD and go to the respective OS win32 and run setupall.exe and follow theonscreen instructions.Saplogon icon is installed on the desktop.Double click and enter the entries of the application serverLaunch saplogon icon and click on New ItemEnter the Description Application Server SID System NoClick on logonAdvantages of Presentation Server:1. Single GUI to access all the SAP Applications (ERP, CRM, SCM, XI, BI and SRM)2. We can login with our logon language i.e. specify the language during logon. Same GUI is allowedto login with different languages3. GUI is user friendly to create favorites, startup transactions 9. 9- To create Favorites Login - From Tools Administration SU01 - From Menu Favorites > Add- To setup startup transactions From menu Extras - Set startup transaction4. GUI is downward compatible to support all the SAP Applications which are below the gui version.Example: GUI 7.0 cannot support the component that are built on 7.10 but 7.0 can handle 7.00,640, 620, 46D, 45A etc.5. User parameters are defined for the frequently keyed in content. Eg: A user belonging to the salesorganization, division, plant, sales area should get all the values by default while creating sales order(VA01) etc.,To provide default values for a user while creating a Sales
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order.Steps:I. Execute VA01 (Sales order creation)Select the value for sales organisation by pressing F4Click on sales organisation field and press F1 and click on technical settingsNote the parameter ID 10. 10Repeat the same for Distribution Channel and Division.2. Execute SU01 - Edit the user - From Parameters Tab - Provide PID and Value VKO 0001Save the data. Now whenever the user executes the transaction VA01 it will be filled with the defaultvalues with 0001 and 01 for Sales organization and Distribution channel respectively there byreducing the user tasks.6. User can be specified with 1. Role based menu or with 2. SAP Easy access Menu to reduce the loadon the request processing (Roll Area)7. SAP GUI is intelligent to determine the least loaded server when more than one instance isconfigured. It gets the information from the Message server.8. It provides access across the low speed connections and displays the screens without graphics/logo which consume more network traffic. (Low Speed/ High Speed)9. It provides command window to navigate to the respective functionality and minimizes dialoguesteps.10. GUI entries are controlled by using saplogon.ini/ sapmsg.ini/ saproute.iniThese files reside in windows directory i.e. we can configure one GUI and copy the files to the othersystems easily. Goto Windows directory Saplogon.ini - Copying provides all the parameters 11. 1111. SAP Provides ergonomically designed to configure GUI font size, colors and visual design etc.12. SAP Provides various shortcuts window /n to open window from existing window and /o to open anew window /ex to exit the screen.13. GUI provides default menus (System; Help).14. The character set can be changed to suite various languages and printers.2. Application ServerIt is a physical server which is used to handle and process the user request. In SAP naming conventionwe define them as an Instance and it is possible to install more than one instance on a single serverprovided they are differentiated by the instance number.Instance number is a 2 digit number that varies between [00 to 97] 98 and 99 are reserved for routingpurposes.Instances is of various types1. Database Instance . 2. Central Instance. 3. Dialogue Instance.1. Database Instance This is the Instance where database is installed.2. Central Instance This is the Instance where Application Server/ Tier/ Layer are installed. There will be onlyone instance in the entire system.3. Dialogue Instance These are the instances which are used to handle the load on the central instances. Wecan install as many instances as possible assuming that each instance can serve up to 200 - 500 usersdepending upon the type of the users. 12. 12KernelSet of Executables (OS, DB, Unicode, 32/64 bit dependent)usrsapSIDsysexeStart - Run - sqlplus "/as sysdba"Select username from dba_users; (database users)Select BNAME from SAPSR3.USR02; (Sap Users) SAP K E DB R OSKernel Provides communication between SAP, DB and the OS.Usrsap<SID>sysexeucNT1386Installation LogsSapinst.log - Specifies the installation success / failureSapinst_dev.log - also provides similar log in case of installation is aborted.tsk file specifies the table/ index etc that needs to be created on the DB.Each task is commanded by .cmd file and during the process they writes into .log fileEg: Sasapappl0.tsk.bck Sapappl0.tsk Sapappl0.cmd Sapappl0.log Sapappl0.str - Structure of the DBControl.xmlKeydb.xml -Helps to restart installation from the point where it is failed. 13. 13WHAT HAPPENS DURING INSTALLATION?1. Extracts the software.2. Sapinst tool is used to install the software if required we need to download it fromservice.sap.com/swdc3. Checks for user <SID>ADM (SAP System Administrator) Who owns SAP System and has all the privileges on SAP (Start/ Stop/ Environment)Domain Admin; AD Admin - Can create the useridNote: The user who initiates the installation should have the privileges as Local administrator to installthe software, create users, create groups, assign groups, create services etc., (This problems occurs ina Domain)If the user does not exist it creates now.On Windows OS <SID>ADM is also responsible for database but on UNIX ORA<SID> is the ownerto work on the database. ORA<SID> provide the runtime environment for Database. Windows App Server Database<SID>ADM <SID>ADM UNIXApp Server Database<SID>ADM ORA<SID> 14. 14Note: SAPSERVICE<SID> is a service used to start and stop the services (Password never expires) <SID>ADM expires for every 30 days Eg: SAPOSCOL, SAPSID-Instance Number5. It creates local groups and global groups and assigns them to users Global groups - Domain Level Local groups LocallySAP_LocalAdminSAP_SOL_GlobalAdmin from Computer Management -> LocalSAP_SOL_LocalAdmin Users and Computers we can view this6. It creates Services SAP<SID>_00, SAP<SID>_01, SAPOSCOL, SAPCCMSR are created and Run with user.SAP<SID> is used to start the SAP System; if the service is not started SAP will not start.SAPOSCOL is started first to check whether the resources are available (Operating system collector) Itis used to collect the OS Utilization information and pass into SAP system.SAPCCMSR is an agent to collect JARM (Java Application response time Management) and pass it toABAP CCMS (Computing Center Monitoring System)It is only used in JAVA and ABAP stack.UsersGroupsServicesCreating directoriesExecutables - OS Dependent - DB Dependent 15. 15Note:- Master password is set accordingly to the company policy- Extract Kernel Executables (OS, DB)Create MMC for Windows to start/ stop sap system From cmd prompt Startsap name=SID nr=00 SAPDIAHOST=willsys28Sets the user as SAPSR3 for ABAP SAPSR3DB for Java EngineWhere the systems are installed with these schema owners i.e., these users owns the respectivedatabases.Query:Select count(*) from dba_tables where owner = SAPSR3; 29769 ABAP related tables.Select count(*), owner from dba_tables group by owner.7. Creates the Database and runs the scripts8. Creates the tablespaces and datafiles on DDLORA.TPL Tablespaces are just like almirah in a house.9. Now command files are created pointing to .str and data on the exports10. The task files are created to create the tables and load the entries The task files are displayed as process on the installation screen"2 complete 3 running 4 waiting"11. Upon running all the tasks the SAP Database is created and DBStatistics runs.12. DB Users are set with default password and SAP Application open RFC Connection. --- Installation Successful -16. 16SAP Installation Steps1. Download the Installation Guide (www.service.sap.com/instguides)2. Check the compatibility of OS and DB (www.service.sap.com/platforms)3. Download the software from (www.service.sap.com/swdc)4. Search for the known problems from (www.service.sap.com/notes)5. Install the OS related patches/ fix packs etc6. Install JRE 1.4.2_127. Set the Java environment JAVA_HOME path8. Set the virtual memory to 20 GB on windows9. Set the hostname not more than 13 characters10. Make an entry of the hostname in Hosts file11. Ensure the installation ports 21212 and 21213 are kept open12. Ensure the ports 3200, 3300, 3600, 4700 are kept open (DVEBMGS uses these ports)13. Dump the software into system without any spaces in the directories14. Verify the software using LABLE.ASC15. Get the Static IP address (192, 172, 10 networks)16. Ensure the internet connection is available with a valid S-USERID17. Execute sapinst.exe18. Select
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2004s19. Central instance and Typical Installation20. JAVA Components and JCE Policy21. Provide SID and Inst Directory22. Provide Master Password23. Provide DB SID and DB Host24. Exports path25. Kernel Path26. Oracle Client27. SLD (Local SLD) Provide Object server name: Host name28. Parameter Summary29. Solman Key30. Installation Proceeds.Installation Directories D:usrsapUSR directory is created with a shared folder SAP with shared SAPMNT & SAPLOC Eg: <hostname>sapmnt ~ d:usrsapSAPMNT: Both in Win and UNIXSAPLOC: Only in Windows not in UNIX 17. 17These are shared between systems and accessed locally and globallyCCMSPRFCLOGPUTSID HOSTSTransCCMS - Used for alert logs that is populated by the service SAPCCMSR(Java Stack Only)PRFCLOG - These are also populated from JAVA Engine (Generic Request Message Generator GRMG)PUT - is used during upgradeSID Hosts - the complete SAP Application Server.Trans - is used to host the DevelopmentsSAPMnt: Is a shared SAP Mount which is used to host the directories related to SAP.(It may be required to create SAPMnt in earlier versions but in the current versions based onNetweaver it is created automatically)SAPLoc in WindowsThis SAPmnt is shared because it needs to share the transports, support packages, profiles,executables etc between systems in the landscape.[Dev] ----------> [Qlty] ----------> [Prod] SAPmntTASKS Installing SAP Component on SOLMAN On Windows/ SQL Server On Windows/ Oracle Windows/ DB2 Linux/ Oracle HPUnix/ Oracle AIXSolution Manager connects all the three systems (ERP i.e., ECC6.0, Netweaver & CRM2007) 18. 18I. Installation InputsSAPInstSIDInstance Number (Default 00, 01)Mater PasswordJCE PolicyPath for the CDs.II. Installation Logs SignificanceSapinst_dir (Win, Linux, UNIX)Sapinst, sapinst_dev, .cmd, log, .tsk, .tpl, .toc, .str.III. Installation Steps Users,Groups,Services,Directories,SharedMnt,Kernel (Extraction), CreateDB,LoadDB,Updated Stats,RFCsDEFAULT USERS<SID>ADM -- SAP start (OS Level Access Related to SAP)ORA<SID> -- For UNIXSAP SERVICE <SID>Sys Master Databasesystem 19. 19J2ee_ADMIN Java WebSAP* SAP R/3DDICSAPSR3SAPSR3DBUnicode - Multilanguage Support This requires additional 40% of resources.Earlier case Individual passwords need to be set but now days only one Master password for all theuserids.Multiple Components on a Single DB repositoryA host is either a client or a server. A host has its own address on the network, and is its ownmachine.A server has its own address and sometimes multiple addresses. It provides access to services andinformation.A client accesses the servers. It requires its own address.Interface / ScreenExports/ System CopiesKernel [Dependent]Install Mstr [Dependent]Java Comp [Independent]JRE [Dependent]Exports [Independent of OS, DB]Installation Directories D:usrsapUSR directory is created with a shared folder SAP with shared SAPMNT & SAPLOC Eg: willsyssapmnt ~ d:usrsapSAPMNT: Both in Win and UNIXSAPLOC: Only in Windows not in UNIXThese are shared between systems and accessed locally and globallyCCMSPRFCLOG 20. 20PUTSID HOSTSTransCCMS - Used for alert logs that is populated by the service SAPCCMSR(Java Stack Only)PRFCLOG - These are also populated from JAVA Engine (Generic Request Message Generator GRMG)PUT - is used during upgradeSID Hosts - the complete SAP Application Server.Trans - is used to host the DevelopmentsCheck the groups SAPLOCAL_ADMIN SAPGLOBAL_ADMIN ORA_SID_DBA ORA_DBA ORA_SID_OPERATORCheck the services and ensure that they are running 1. SAPOSCOL - Used to collect the OS Resources 2. SAP<SID>_00 - Which is mandatory to start SAP3. Listener - Oracle Listener service should be started on the specified Port (1521-1529) 4. Oracle Service<SID> which is required for the Database On UNIX ps - ef | grep ora* On Windows services.mscCheck the USR Directory (SAP Instance files..... App) predefined shared SAP Directory withSharedMnt, (SAPMnt), and SAPLoc on windows Run - Cmd "WillsysUsr"9. Trans Directory - Used for transporting the ObjectsNote: SID Specifies the Application Server and is possible to have multiple <SIDS> differed by theinstance numberQueries:SQL> Select status from V$Instance; Checks the DB Status 21. 21SQL> Startup followed by enter keySQL> shutdown immediateNote: Only one SAPOSCOL per system Max of 97 Systems on a single box 98-99 for routingSAPOSCOL_00 - ABAP InstanceSAPOSCOL_01 - JAVA InstanceNote: Each SID uses different PortsNote: In the console tree of SOLMAN if all the three entries (SERVICES, USERS and GROUPS) areavailable then only we can confirm there are 3 Instances in one single system.10. <SID> Directory usrsap<SID>.......... Config..... Usagetypes.properties - used to specify the usage types that are installed on thesystem. usrsap<SID>config on a particular <SID>ERP <SID1> ERP<SID2>EP EPBI BIJAVA JAVAABAP ABAPNote: Now-a-days its possible to install different engines as add-ons.11. DVEBMGS <Instance Number> DVEBMGS00 - is a ABAP Engine JC00 - Standalone JAVA Engine SCS01 SAP Central Instance DVEBMGS00 contains J2ee/ SDM/ JSPM directories then it is Integrated Engine (ABAP + JAVA)Note: Portal is only an application that is not based on ABAP Engine 22. 22Eg: Consider Hero Honda LandscapeBI - ERP (ECC5.0) - CRM - SRM - PI Suppliers Dealers Enterprise Portal12. SYS DirectoryContains executables and profile parameters to start and stop the systemEXE Directory hosts all the executables from netweaver exe dir contains UC/ NUC and 32/64, i386/ ia64In 4.7 we can see only exe directory13. Work Directory This stores the startup and error logs 17-jul-09Instance: Logical entity which is installed on a physical entity - which is an Application server.Instance provides runtime services.Instance NameInstance No: 00 - 99 (98, 99 for routing purposes) 23. 23Structure of INSTANCEInstance contains Dispatcher, Queue Mechanism, and Work process, Task Handler with ABAP,SCREEN, and SQL Interpreters. It also contains buffer areas, DB Client and Roll area.Dispatcher It is used to handle the user requests that are coming from SAP GUI using DIAG(Dynamic Information Action Gateway) protocol on port 3200 + Instance Number.(3201, 3202 etc) Dispatcher manages all the work process and maintains a queue. Once the request issent to dispatcher the dispatcher keeps the request in queue. Based on the availability of workprocess it will assign the process to the user request based on FIFO (First In First Out)User Buffer - Once we logoff everything is rolled off.Public Buffer - Until the instance is restartedWork Process Work process handles the user request using Task Handler. Task Handler contains 3Interpreters ABAP, SCREEN and SQL. 24. 24ABAP interpreter used to interpret the ABAP code in the user request SCREEN interpreter use to interpret the screen SQL interpreter interprets the SQL statements that are sent by the user.Select statement - from the buffer area.Modify/ Insert - Hits the databaseOpen SQL This is SAP Proprietary language to ensure that the SAP
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Components are Databaseindependent. Each instance is installed with DB Client software to communicate with Database inNative Language.The SAP Kernel which is O/S and DB Specific helps in the interpretation.The user request is processed and it handovers (handshake) the task to Database process.DBWP (Database work process) process and responds back to the R/3 work process. R/3 work processchecks for frequently accessed content and keeps the copy in R/3 Buffer areas. (Frequently accesseddata). The response rolls out into the user context before it is sent to the user.User Context It is a user specific roll area which is used to keep user authorizations, parameters, screens andearlier accessed content.Process Flow (LOGON)1. User requests2. Dispatcher handles the request3. Keeps in queue and assign WP based on FIFO4. The work process gets the username, password, client, logon language and the task handlerinterprets and hand over the task to the database process.5. The DB process checks the credentials of the user and provides the necessary authorizations to theprocess.6. The entire information is copied into the user context which is referred asROLL OUT. (The information is copied into Roll Area which is subsequently available for all therequests made by the user) 25. 25Note: The user context remains until the user is logged out. The user context is displayed in thetransaction SU56. If the user accesses other than the transactions in SU56 it is missing authorizationsand displayed from the Tcode SU53 (Missing Authorizations)Process Flow (TRANSACTION)1. User executes a transaction Eg: ME22N Purchase Order (or) VA01 - Sales order2. The request is handled by dispatcher and hand over to the work process.3. Work process requires information that is not available in the work process. The work processcopies the user related information into the task handler i.e. copy user context into the Task Handler.It is also referred as ROLL IN4. Further processing continuesTypes of Work Processes Even though the processes are unique at OS level SAP differentiated between the workprocesses based on the nature of work. The process are determined by the instance name DVEBMGS<Instance_No> For Dialogue instances the work process will be denoted as D01, D02....D - DialogueV - UpdateE - EnqueueB - Back groundM - MessageG - GatewayS - SpoolDVEBMGS is only available in the Central instance.D01 to DN-1 for Dialogue instances.Central Instance DVEBMGS - 2112111 It hosts all the process and their will be only one central instance in the entire system.1. DIALOGUE D It is only the process which communicates interactively with the users. Thereshould be atleast 2 Dialogue work process per instance. Dialogue work process initiates Update,Background and Spool.2. UPDATE V It is used to update the transactions in the database. It is initiated by Dialogueprocess. There should be atleast 1 Update in the entire system. It is also recommended to have anupdate process for every 5 Dialogue. 26. 263. ENQUEUE E It is used to provide locks for the records that are going to be updated. It ensuresconsistency for updates. There will be only 1 Enqueue configured in the system during theinstallation. It is possible to have more than one enqueue provided they are installed or configured onthe central instance.4. BACKGROUND B The tasks which are expensive or time consuming are scheduled to run in thebackground mode non-interactively. There should be atleast 2 background work process in thesystem5. MESSAGE M There should be only 1 message server in the entire R/3 system. It is used to manageall the dispatchers. It is used to load balance the requests to identify the least loaded dispatcher. It is also used to provide locks to the request that are coming from Dialogue instances.6. GATEWAY G It is used to provide a means of communication with SAP and NON-SAP systems. Therewill be only 1 gateway for each instance.7. SPOOL S It is used to print the documents to a printer or output to a fax machine etc. Thereshould be atleast 1 Spool process in the entire system. It is also possible to configure more spoolprocess depending on the print/ spool volume. 18-jul09DVEBMGS00Dialogue - Interactive - 2 per instance - Initiate update, spool and btc (background)Update Non-Interactive - 1 per system - Initiated by dialogueEnqueue - Provides consistency for updates - 1 per system and can be increased Depending upon the update requests but needs to increase only on the Central instance for optimal performance. 27. 27Background - Non-Interactive - 2 per system - Initiated by dialogue, Time consuming And long running jobs are scheduled to run in the background mode.Message - Used during load balancing. It also procures lock from enqueue server To serve the requests that is coming from dialogue instances. Only 1 Per system.Gateway It provides an interface to communicate between SAP and NON-SAP Systems. 1 Gateway per instance.Spool - It is only the process that outputs the documents to printers, fax etc. It is initialized by Dialogue and BTC. Atleast 1 spool per system.INSTALLATION1. Download the installation guide from the Market placewww.service.sap.com/instguides2. Check the compatibility of OS and DBwww.service.sap.com/platforms Windows 2003 - MS SQL Server 2000 Adv. Server Or 2008 - Oracle - MaxDB Linux - Oracle 10.2.0.2 - DB/2 8 MaxDB3. Download the software from www.service.sap.com/swdc4. Search for the known problems in www.service.sap.com/notes5. Install the OS with relevant support packs/ Fix packs etc.6. Install JRE 1.4.2_12 (Java Run time environment) to run the sap inst screens 28. 287. Set the JAVA environment variable JAVA_HOME or path Check java -version8. Set the virtual memory to 20GB on windows 20GB swap memory on HP Unix machines.If RAM is more than 20GB then 20GB * 3 = 60GB9. Set the host name which should not be more than 13 characters10. Make an entry in the host file etc/hosts.11. Ensure that the installation ports 21212, 21213 are not blocked (Need to inform Network Admin or Proxy Admin not to block the ports)12. Ensure that 3200, 3300, 3600, 4700, 4800 series ports are not blocked. (DVEBMGS utilises these ports)13. Dump the software into the system. The folders should not contain spaces, Special characters etc (Eg NWDump or Newfolder - all one word), underscores are allowed14. Verify the software using LABEL.ASC15. Get the private static IP address from the Network team (192., 172., 10. networks)16. Ensure that internet connection is available with a valid S-Userid.ERP 2005 - ECC6ERP 2004 - ECC5PRACTICAL SESSIONSwww.service.sap.com/instguideswww.service.sap.com/platformswww.sercvice.sap.com/swdc - My companies Application component - ERP 6.0 Select the DatabaseFrom Downloads Tab - Select the components Exports, Kernels, JAVASR1 - SR2 - SR3 -EHP1 - EHP2 29. 29Click on download to basketMarket place > Help and Support > Search for NotesJRE is must as the SAP Screens are developed on JAVA PlatformVirtual Memory: [Extended memory towards HDD]Need to set the virtual memory RAM size * 3 + 500MB/ 1GB [32 Bit]Select the drive where SAP is going to be installed.Set the host name Cmd > drivers > etchosts IP Address HostnameT1 Shopper Port scan - To check whether these ports are open or blocked.IDES (International Demo Education System) will have more clients 11-12 Predefined clients and inthe Non-IDES system only 3 Clients (000, 001, 066)In IDES additional clients - 800, 811, 812 clients are available.There will be only 2 exports for Non - IDES systemAnd 6 Exports for IDES system.LABEL.ASC -
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contains the content and the DVD number from which we can find whether it is an Export1 Or Export 2 etc.Note: Only exports will change for each application like CRM, SCM, SRM etc 20-jul-09INSTALLATION1. Central Instance2. Database Instance3. Dialogue InstanceFrom the dump bring up sapinst.exeFrom Netweaver1. Central system Instance (Which contain both Central + Database instance)Goto Installation Master DVD 30. 30 - Select the respective inst (sapinst.exe). It is an executable. - On windows sapinst.exe and on Linux/ UNIX use ./sapinst.exe- Select the components that needs to be installed (ERP, CRM, SCM, SRM, EP, XI, BI, MI) and click on next.- select (0) Typical Installation (to install the system with predefined settings i.e. The port numbers, installation file paths, password are automatically taken). If it is a custom installation more inputs are required. Specify the Master password - Specify the SID and the installation drive. - Specify the JAVA component path, kernel, exports path and JCE policyRequired software 1. Inst Master DVD 2. Kernel DVD 3. JAVA Components 4. ExportsExports depend upon the business component which is going to be installed like ERP, CRM, and SCMetc.JCE Policy JAVA Cryptography which is used to provide the secured encryption & decryption over theweb - because the content transmission over the web is not secure.- The input lists screen is displayed to review before starting the installation.- Continue the installation- Installation depends upon the export content (IDES version may consume 8-12 Hrs) Productionversion ma take 4-6 Hrs. It also depends upon the memory.Components lies in ECC6.0 are (SALES, FINANCE, and PURCHASE... around 35 modules) 31. 31To display all these over the web then EP (Enterprise portal) is required.Note: All the SAP components will be installed on the Netweaver Platform. It is up to the customer tochoose the Netweaver components and It is mandatory to choose ABAP components. ABAP is theplatform for all the SAP Components.ABAP is a part of the Netweaver.ABAP provides the runtime environment for all the above components i.e. USER Management,Administration, Management of the file system, processes securing the sensitive data, fine tuning theperformance, database administration irrespective of the SAP component and also managing printers.POST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIESSAP is a transaction based. Menu based consumes more dialogue steps than transaction based that iswhy SAP BASIS consultants are more familiar with transactions. 32. 32Login to the system with SAP*, DDIC and Master password (specified during installation) 1. Execute transaction SM28/ SICK (Installation consistency check). It checks the compatibilitybetween OS, DB and the R/3 kernels. If there is any inconsistency it will recommends us to fix beforeproceeding further. Based on the displayed message we may need to upgrade OS patch levels, DBsupport packs and R/3 Kernels.SM28/ SICK 2. SLICENSE - It is a transaction that is used to apply the license to get the runtime support forthe system even though it is valid for 30 days (4 Weeks i.e. 28 days). It is recommended to applylicense because they are not considered for support. -Goto - Market place www.service.sap.com/licensekey -Click on obtain permanent license key -Select the Installation number based on the component (ERP, NETWEAVER(EP, BI, XI, PI, MI,JDI), SCM, SRM, CRM & Solution Manager). -Specify the system ID(SID), OS, DB, System Type, purpose(DEV, PRD, QAS, TEST etc) -Click on continue to display the hardware key input.The license key is specific to Customer, Installation number, System Number, Hostname and theHardware key. - Hardware key is unique (use command saplicense -key ) - Specify the Hardware key and email-id to generate and send license key to the mail-idspecified, Alternatively select the system and click on display license script and save it to PC in the .txtformat. 3. Execute [Slicense] Tcode Click on > New Licenses Click on > Install license key and it prompts for the path of the license key, provide thedownloaded file path and click on OK to apply the license.4. System Settings SE03Depending upon the type of system we need to set the system to modifiable and not modifiable. 33. 33 Goto SE03/ SE06 system change options to set to modifiable or not modifiable. This is one ofthe most important security setting which is liable for auditing. Toggling between the changes arerecorded and it is advised to obtain permission from the respective authority to make necessarychanges in the Production System PRD Except DEV and SANDBOX remaining all the systems like QAS, PRD, PRE-PRD are set to not-modifiable i.e. no object can be modified in these systems. The changes are only transported to the not modifiable systems. 21-jul-091. SICK/ SM28 - SAP Initial Consistency Check Checks for the Incompatibility between R/3 Patch Levels, Kernel Levels, OS levels and Databasepatch levels.2. SLICENSE SAP Issues two licenses, one is the permanent key valid upto [31129999]The other one is Maintenance Certificate which is valid upto 3 Months. This Maintenance certificateis introduced from JAN/ 2009 onwards. It locks SPAM so that no upgrades are allowed without a validMaintenance certificate.3. SE03 - System Settings 34. 34 Db click on Set system change Option4. SE06 - Perform Post Installation ActionSelect either one of the option. 1. Standard Installation 2. Database copy or Database Migration1. Standard Installation : It is used when a fresh system is installed.2. DB copy or DB Migration: It is used when a system is setup as a copy of production or pre-production system.SE06 transaction is used to set the CTS (Change Transport System). It initializes the TransportManagement system. A message will populate to configure TMS in the client 000. 35. 35TMS: Transport Management System. It is used to setup the systems, their roles, Domain controller,backup domain controller, landscape and their routes.1. Domain Controller: There will be only one Domain Controller in the system landscape. In most ofthe environments [DEV] is treated as DC because, this is the first system in the LandscapeLogin to the system/ Client 000 with the user other than SAP*/ DDICExecute T-Code STMSEg: {from se06 > perform post installation action} > STMS- A pop up window prompts to configure Domain Controller.Specify the description Transport Domain Name: Domain_<SID> Save the configurationNOTE: If the Domain already exists then we can execute a TCode [DICO] to delete the existing TMSconfiguration. It should be executed in STMS and also the RFC connections.Including the system in the Domain Specify the Domain Controller Target host System Number User: TMSADM (Default User)TMSADM is a communication user created during TMS configuration (Do not delete the user, lockthe user, change password, set to expiry will hault the system transports, support packages andapplicatoins etc)A message SAP system "waiting to be included in the transport domain" is displayed in the externalsystem.Approving the inclusion of Systems Login to the DC Execute STMS From Menu Overview > Systems The system is waiting to be included Select the system and click on approve from Menu SAP System.SALE - Defining a logical SystemCreating Virtual Systems 36. 36 It is a standard practice in the industry to create virtual systems as the real systems could notbe available during the initial configuration (DEV server is procured during implementation, QAS willbe procured after 3 to 4 months from kickoff date and the PRD is procured before 2 months of Go-Live) Virtual Machines/ Systems can be replaced by real systems and the configuration now pointsto the real system. Goto STMS (Domain Controller)
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> Menu Overview > Systems > SAP System > Create Virtual SystemFor Eg:System : JOQDescription : Quality SystemTRANSPORT GROUPIt is a naming convention group_<SID> we can configure all the systems to a single transport groupi.e. all the developments which are performed in Development system will be automatically availableto other systems in the landscape. The group of systems which shares the transport directory incommon are said to be in one group but due to sensitivity of PRD it is moved into a separate group.1. Shared Data2.Defining the Landscape 37. 37 Execute STMS > Click on transport routes From over view menu > click on change > from Menu Configuration > Standard Configuration > Three systems in groupEg: Specify DEV: JOD QAS: JOQ PRD: JOP SAVE Provide Three System Configuration under the Description. 22-jul-09Practicals CONFIGURING STMSPerform DICO to delete the STMS configured earlier if necessary and the RFC connection from theexternal system.POST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES Continuation ... 38. 38From 000/ SAP*RZ10 - Initially we have to import profiles from OS Level to SAP level. From menu SYSTEM > Import Profiles of Active ServersSCC4 - Roles are client Specific Logical system <SID> client Cross clients - all the clientsSALE - for assigning the logical system. Click on new entries and provide <SID>Clnt900Default clients : 000, 001, 066We can create upto 1000 Clients 000 to 999For the newly created client say in this case 900 a user will be created SAP* with pass as thepassword.For the first time we cannot login [SAP* / pass]So being from another client perform RZ10 - change the parameter toLogin/no_automatic_user_sapstar to 0 instead 1After creating a client need to perform client copy [SAP_CUST]Always need to copy 000 client because it will have all the customized data.066 is for early watch.Create an new user as SAPUSER copied from SAP*/ DDIC logging in as SAP* user from the newlycreated client.Login to the new client with our userid and password and lock the DDIC and SAP* ----TASKS -----SETTING UP A LOGOExecute SMW0Select (0) Binary data for WebRFC Click on Find buttonClick on execute 39. 39Create new Obj name : ZTEST Desc : IMAGE Browse for the PictureFrom settings menu > Click on MIME type Add .jpg format Save.GOTO - SM30 Click on maintain Click on new entries START_IMAGE : ZTESTPrompts for the Change request - proceed and test the logoSETTING UP TEXTExecute - SE61 40. 40Document class : General textFrom document tab NAME - ZLOGIN_SCREEN_INFO createType the text WelcomeSAVE. 23-jul-09Roles granted for me in the SAND BOX for CapgeminiPOST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES1. SICK2. SE063. SE034. STMS 4.1 SALE5. RZ10Used to import the profiles from OS level to DB. The profiles are available inusrsap<sid>sysprofile. These profile requires management for fine tuning, configuring buffers etc From 000 > Goto RZ10 > Utilities > Import profiles of Active servers >SAVE6. SMLT 41. 41 Perform language transports if any. The system is an unicoded system to support theall available languages but we need to import the additional languages as per the requirements.Download the languages inusrsaptransepsin Directory Goto SMLT > and create a language > specify supplementary language i.e. if the script is notavailable in main language it will display in secondary language. English > Primary German > Secondary Goto I18N (Globalization / Internationalization of Languages) Click on > Current NLS settings Get the parameter zcsa/installed_languages = DEIf we specify any new language it needs to be updated in the above parameter using RZ10 Clink on ADD from NLS settings to include additional languages that are going to beimported using SMLT.Steps: 42. 421. Execute I18N2. Add language that needs to be imported in I18N3. SMLT create language4. Click on > Import package > specify the path usrsaptransepsin5. Download language from Market place6. Import7. Set the parameter zcsa/installed_languages = AEDZ6. SPAM Apply the patches that are relevant for SAP application component7. SR13 Install SAP Library 43. 43 SAP Provides screen context help i.e. when a user struck at one screen he can use Menu Help >Application help. SR13 > New EntriesVARIENT PLATFORM AREA PATHSAPHELP WINNT IWBHelp Copy and Paste from Market place.1. Dynamic Help2. Plain Html Help - Html documentation installed on Web Server3. Plain HTML - HTML docu installed on File server4. HTML Help File - It occupies less space, opened by html help viewer. It is in compressed format.For documentation > Market Place > SAP Solutions > SAP ERP >EnglishNote: Need to create a folder in D:SAPHELP...... (sapdocdc.ini) paste the path.8. DB13 - Define Backup schedule click on date and select backup - type (offline/ online) and save9. SM36 - Define standard background (House keeping jobs) 44. 44Note: Create users in SU01 and assign SAP_ALL to the functional and technical team as the security isnot implemented. 24-jul-09STRUCTURE OF APPLICATION SERVERDispatcher - DPMONWorkprocess - SM50/ SM66User Context - SU56Task Handler - from Work DirectoryBuffers - ST02 Dispatcher receives the request and processes them according to the queue. The requests areprocessed by using a dialogue process. Dialogue process is the only process that interacts with/communicates interactively with the user. There should be atleast 2 Dialogue process per instance.Each process requires 75MB to 150MB of memory on any average. The memory should be calculated after reserving memory for OS and the Database. Eg: 4GB RAM: 1 GB reserve for OS and DB 3 GB 3000/ 150 = 20 ProcessesMin and Max upto 40 Processes, but depends upon how heavy the processing goes.. If a reportinguser requires 3GB of memory then there will be a memory bottleneck.The maximum number of work process an instance can support is W0 to W99 (100 Work processes).There are cases where more than 100 are configured but it is not recommended. If the systemsupports more than 100 processes then it is better to configure one more instance on the same serverdiffered by the instance number.* The work process are configured by the parameter rdisp/wp_no_dia = XX 45. 45For an Ideal Instance the sum of the Dialogue processes should more or less equal to non-dialogueprocess (unless a reporting server, which needs only dialogue)The dialogue response time should be around 600 to 1000 Milliseconds (1 Second)Each dialogue process is restricted by using a parameter rdisp/max_wprun_time = 600 s(10 Minutes) after which the process will be timed out. In order to run the activities that consumemore time then the above we need to run in the background mode or increase the parameter valuefrom RZ11 (Dynamic parameter) i.e. during the month end the parameter can be changed to 1800 -10000 from RZ11 for specific period of time. Upon task completion reset the value in RZ11 (Nosystem restart is
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required)WORK PROCESS MULTIPLEXING(Consider Restaurant Activities).Each user transaction may be served by one or more processes with out restricting to the usersimilarly each work process serve multiple users with out restricting the user. (No dialogue processremains ideal) Each process can serve 5 - 10 users and Each SAP transaction consists of multiple (LUW -Logical unit of work) Each LUW contains task which should be completed/ rollback as a group. EachLUW is a commit or rollback (no intermediate stage ... which makes the system inconsistency)CONSIDER A TRAVEL AGENCY In a travel agency buying the ticket is LUW (Outward/inwards).1. LUW (Outward/ inward) Booking accommodation (LUW for number of days)2. BIND 1 & 2 Tickets to and fro + Accommodation)3. Transportation (LUW for a local tour) BIND 1 & 2 & 34. Appointment (Dates are not available Eg: Darshinam) BIND 1 2 3 4Each of the LUW is performed by a single different work process and is restricted to 600 Seconds andtask has to complete within 600 milliseconds 46. 46LICENSINGStandard License - till 9999(YYYY)Maintenance License - 3 MonthsEach user license cost 4000 USDIn India tag is 2000 USD for min number of users Eg: 10 + 1 is minimum - 40000 USD Developers are charged differently - 8000 USD 10 + 1Users Developer 48000 * 50 = 12, 00,000 4% VAT 48,000 17% Maintenance /Year 2, 04,000 ------------------------- 14,04, 000 10.3% Service Tax 2,04, 000 20, 000 + Customs ------ --14, 68, 00022% Maintenance cost across the globe except INDIA5 1 222% 24% 26%Eg: Telco - 5000 Bajaj - 270 ARAMCO -50000 47. 47One License - SOLMAN, ECC, SRM, BI, EP, PI, MILicense is user basedOnce the license key is received then goto SLICENSE Tcode -> INSTALL And click Install new licenses buttonFrom cmd promptSoladm> saplicense - getIt checks for 1. SID 2. Hostname 3. Hardware Key (Installed by SAP - Its an executable)Note: All the executables resides in - D:USRSAPSOLSYSEXEUCNTI386Note: In Linux SAPDB/ MAXDB will be the cheapestSAPDB/ MAXDB is a DB that comes along with the SAPUSMM - System Measurement for the usersSUSER - Password never expires (Service Userid) 25-jul-09Dialogue handles the requests and process only reports with out any assistance. If the reports arelong running, time consuming, expensive then they can be scheduled to run in the BTC mode.During an update dialogue updates temporary table and update-process updates them later. 48. 48For print requests Dialogue handles the request and update in Temse. The spool processPrints from Temse (Temporary Sequential file it can be at file/ DB Table)Dialogue communicates with enqueue while updating a transaction and obtains lock so that no usercan update there by assuring data consistency.Dialogue communicates with the message server to obtain locks for a record that is coming fromDialogue instance.Dialogue communicates with the gateway while establishing connection with other SAP systems.Dialogue is monitored by using SM50, SM66, and DPMONDPMON.exe is a dispatcher monitor which can be executed when the user could not login to thesystem (Experience Hour glass). Its not a TCode.Killing the process From Command Prompt > DPMON (Process the list at OS Level) >K > Provide - Serial Number > Provide - PIDPROCESS MANAGEMENT SM50/ SM66 Work process list is displayed in SM50/ SM66. Each process has the following- Serial Number : Starts with 0 (DEV_W0) in work directory- Type of Process : (DVEBS) Message and Gateway are not displayed- Process PID : The identifier at OS level. It is used to kill the process at OS Level. They aredisplayed as [DISP+WORK] on windows in the Task Manager. DW - dispatcher work process in UNIX 0 to 11 [12] And 1 is for dispatcher 13 Total 49. 49-status : Waiting, Stopper, RunningWaiting : The process is waiting "Available" to serve the user request.Stopped : The process is stopped due to an error.Running : The process is executing the task (SM50 running with our Userid should not be considered)On Hold : The user request is on hold by process for waiting certain Resources on the other systems (RFC, CPIC)Shutdown : The process is killed/ shutdown but restart mode set to NOWaiting forPRIV Mode: The process goes into Heap mode. It will be completed only after the taskcompletion/ timeout.SLEEP MODE: The work process goes into sleep mode waiting for resources (RFCproblem)- Restart YES/ NO : if the process is terminated and it will restart automatically (Yes), not restart(NO)- Error : No of times the process is restarted- Semaphore : The block that hold at OS Level (DISK)CPU : The amount of time WP spends utilising CPU resources- Runtime : The amount of time the process spends on the user request.- Report : The name of the program/ report the WP is executing- Client : The client number logged in- User name : Name of the user- Action : Select, Update, insert i.e. action on the database.Table : Name of the table. 26-jul-09SM66 GLOBAL WORK PROCESS OVERVIEWIt displays the processes based on status. It displays the processes belongs to all the instances. From SM66 - Click on SELECT PROCESS 50. 50The major advantage of this is it displays the memory consumed by work process. Double click onthe WP to display (Extended, Roll and the Heap Memory)On Oracle executePS -ef |grep ora* (lgwr, smon, pmon, dbwr, ckpt, arch)SM04 : is used to display the logged in users along with the sessions. We can terminatethe session or the user completely using End session or logoff user.From User > Logoff User > Local or End the sessionBACKGROUND PROCESS SM36It is used to run the expensive programs, reports that consumes more time in the background mode.i.e. a job is scheduled to run at a specific time or periodically.Example: Daily report, Weekly sales report or expensive to run in the peak hours so they arescheduled to run in the background mode during off peak hours.Process Flow 1. User submits the request via dispatcher to a WP. 2. The Dialogue work process handles the request and updates the tables 3. Tables TBC* are used to store the BTC Jobs 4. A program SAPMSSYS starts in the dialogue mode at frequency that is defined in theparameter rdispbtctime=60SecSAPMSSYS - Checks for every 60 sec into the TBTC* table.* To delay the BTC processing increase the time as much as possible.Example : 100000 seconds 27Hrs RZ11 (rdisp/btctime)Refer - BTCTRNS1 from SE38We can also use BTCTRNS2 to resume the background jobs (Execute the program) 5. BWP looks into the table and identify the jobs which are in the Ready State. 6. BWP runs the job in the Active mode till completion/ Cancelled. BWP are defined by using rdisp/wp_no_btc=2 (Min 2 per system) We can increase as many as possible depending upon the resources.** Note: We can pause jobs by setting the value to 0 zero **BWP jobs are defined in SM36 51. 51Specify Jobname: Daily report JobClass: C A, B, C (High, Medium, Low Priority)Class A requires a dedicated BTC of class A which are defined in operation modes.Class B has medium priority over class C jobsClass C jobs runs with Normal PriorityJOB STATUS1. Scheduled: The job is defined but time to execute is not specified.2. Released: The time to execute is specified3. Ready: The Time to run the job is reached4. Active: BWP processing the task5. Cancelled: The job is cancelled6. Completed: The job is completed or
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finishedExecution server - Name of the instance that provides BWP to run the job Exec Target Willsys_<SID>_00 Click on stepJOB STEPS We need to specify the following for the JOB Execution1. ABAP Program2. External Command3. External Program1. ABAP Program - Is a predefined program that will be run in the background with user inputs asvariants.Variant - Is a predefined value that is populated during the runtime.Eg: consider RSPO1041 from SA38 Goto SA38 and define variant for 7 & 15 days Prog: RSPO1041 Variant: willsys SAVEClick on start condition - IMMEDIATE or DATE....2. External Commands: The job can be executed by external commands which are defined in SM49/SM69. These commands are OS commands that will be executed at command level.Eg: BRBACKUP, BRARCHIEVE, BRRESTORE, BRCONNECT Use DB13 to schedule the jobs. The jobs in DB13 uses OS Commands. 52. 523. External Programs: NAME: Name of the program Parameter: Target Host:Name : Specify the name of the program and the parameters. Specify the name of the target host. Specify the start conditionImmediate/ Periodic/ Jobstart, Event (SM62)/ Operation. Modes.Job Started: When dependent job started this gets triggered.Event: When an event triggered in SAP it also triggers the job as well.OPERATION MODES RZ04 SM63It is the process of switching DIA to BTC and vice versa during the peak hours as we need moredialogue process and during off peak we need more BWP to run the BTC jobs.RZ04 > Define 1. Instance 2. Operation Modes (Peak and Off Peak) 3. Specify the processes for modesGoto SM63 to define timing for the modesRZ04 > click on Create [Instance Operation Mode] Peak_mode Peak_mode operations Default SAVEOff peakOff peak ModeCreate new Instance willsys28 Start profile Save. 27-jul-09BACKGROUND JOB MONITORING SM37 53. 53rdisp/wp_no_btc = 2rdisp/btctime = 10Operation modes - to make use of the resources optimallySM37 is used for BTC monitoringExecute SM37 Specify username, date & time, job name, status ----- Execute F81. The jobs with status RELEASED indicate the jobs are released with scheduled time and waiting fortheir turn/ time.2. The jobs with status READY indicates the jobs are ready to pickup by the scheduler Eg: Consider a CAB - might come late No sufficient CABSLong time in ready status indicates 1. The existing jobs are running for a long time i.e. expensive programming or sql statements/fetching huge amount of data. 2. The configured BTC processes are not sufficient to handle the requests in Ready status. 3. May be due to heavy load on the system 4. Also due to passing the jobs by extending scheduler time/ making BTC to 0 by running theprogram BTCTRNS1.Action: 1. Increase BTC work processes based on the available resources by using the parameter rdisp/wp_no_btc = 2 2. Schedule the jobs appropriately during off peak hours.3. ACTIVE BTC in active status (long time recorded) 54. 54The job is running an expensive activity like client copy, pay roll run.Jobs that fetch information from BW systems, annual reports, dunning reports may take hourstogether or even days to complete successfully.Active indicates the following 1. Jobs are expensive and running to fetch the content. 2. Jobs are waiting to be processed by the target system (RFC, CPIC) 3. Jobs are waiting for the locks to update the records.Reasons and Resolutions ACTION. 1. Some jobs are bound to run for hours and based on history leave them to run. 2. Check the bottle neck on the target system (ERP-BI-EP-SRM-SCM-SRM) 3. Wait until the locks are released/ jobs are completed. Report to SAP in case of dead locks. Select the status - Db click - and click on Job Logs Execute SM37Highlight the jobClick on Job logSap takes at most care to avoid dead locks.4. FINISHED 55. 55The jobs are completed successfully but check the log for further information/ completion.5. CANCELLEDJob status cancelled/ finished but failed in the log.Reasons for cancellation of Job1. User and password Issues (Authentication/ Authorization) user lock, userid expiry, passwordchange, lack of roles etc.2. File system problems: BTC reads from the file system to update the database. File not opened, orcorrupted, file sharing issues, file came with different characters, file not found as well.3. Variants are not properly defined.4. Dead locks issue (Lock mechanism congested)5. Update mechanism failed6. Table space over flow (ORA-1653; ORA-1654)7. Table space max extent reached (ORA-1631; ORA-1632)8. Archive struck (ORA-255; ORA-272)9. The memory is not sufficient and errors (No Roll Area, PXA (Buffer), Page Errors)10. Problem in the program and inputs (Indefinite loops like 1/0)11. Dependent jobs/ events failure12. Target systems are not available to process the jobs.Standard Background House keeping Jobs1. As a part of the post installation we need to schedule house keeping jobs in SM36 Execute SM36 Click on "Standard Background Jobs" 56. 56Click on "Default Scheduling"And schedule the BTC jobs with default time.1. RSBTCDEL - Used to delete the background jobs Reporting structure "BTC" "DEL"2. RSSNAPDEL - Delete the old ABAP Dumps3. RSPO1041 - Delete the old spool logs and files4. RSMO13002 - Delete old update requests/ logs5. RSCOLL00 Collects performance info in transaction ST03.6. RSPO1043 - Spool ReorganizationEg: from SA38 Click on ExecuteAnd Specify the Days ... 57. 57From GOTO Menu > Variants > SAVE as VariantSM37 - MONITORING BACKGROUND JOBS.1. Used to display the jobs based on job, username, date and status2. It displays the job logs By highlighting a job and click on Job Log 58. 583. Do not kill the active job unless it is permitted by the owner4. We can repeat the scheduling of the job if required5. Background job out put is a report to a spool (Printer), fax or email or even updating a database(Eg. Client Copy)6. We can move the jobs from one instance to another instance. From Menu Job > Move to different server. (Consider the above screen) Active jobs can be moved. 28-jul-09There are Third Party BTC Job Schedulers 1. CONTROL-M Scheduler 2. RED WOOD Scheduler 3. TIDEL Scheduler 4. SAP Job Scheduler 5. MAESTRO Scheduler / IBMThese Third party schedulers are not specific to SAP but we can customise these to SAPThese job schedulers are intelligent to work based on the status of Predecessors.The tool defines when to trigger, how to handle various statuses and alert users accordingly.Eg. KODAK Runs 14,000 Jobs/ day HP Runs 20,000 Jobs/day 59. 59BTC - Business CaseSony an electronics company communicates with suppliers for the TV Cabinets/ Circuit boards, Picturetubes, assembling & packing. Vendors instead of communicating in hand documents they are advised to communicate insoft documents. SAP also sends soft documents as well.i.e. the communication is performed electronically.BTC Jobs performs the following:1. Run long running reports for an End User2. Runs payroll for the employees3. Client copy for the technical consultants4. R/3 BIW Replication5. Communication with NON SAP Systems to fetch the data6. Dunning report for Finance team7. Weekly, Monthly and Annual Reports8. Runs standard jobs for House Keeping
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60. 609. To run Database jobs using external commands DB13 (SM49 provides commands)NOTE: In table TSTC, we can get a list of all existing Tcodes and which programs are called by thosetransactions.From SE11 - Provide the table name TSTC and execute providing the T-Code to find the ProgramNo bother of "Schedule/ Released" Will not in our scopeWe need to take care about the Status 61. 61Ready for longer timeActive for the longer time.BTC logs are deleted by scheduling RSBTCDEL which deletes the log files from TBTC* based on thetime interval in the Variant SA38.UPDATE PROCESSIt is used to update the database from Temporary tables. There are three 3 Types of updatesV1 - Handles High Priority UpdatesV2 - Handles low priority updatesV3 - Reserved by SAP (Currently no use)Updates are defined by the parameter Rdisp/wp_no_vb=1 Rdisp/wp_no_vb2=2 from RZ11Technically for every 5 dialogue work process there should be one update of type V1/ V2Update Flow:1. User submits the request for an update (Let us say a Purchase Order) Eg: Bearers wont go to the Pantry Similarly All dialogue wont go to the.... DB2. Dispatcher handles the request and provides a dialogue process to it.3. Dialogue process interprets the request and communicates with enqueue process to provide a lockto update the record consistently.4. Dialogue process updates the temporary tables called as VB* asynchronouslyVBHDR - To store update header informationVBDATA - To store data that needs to be updatedVBMOD - The modules through which the data is updatedVBERR Update Error Table 62. 62And gets a transaction ID from Number Range Buffer (Transaction SNRO and Table NRIV NumberRange Interval Table)SNRONRIVEg: 63. 63Dialogue Updates - Update Releases the lock.5. Update gets initialized and reads from Temp Tables and updates the permanent tablessynchronously. Update inherits the locks and releases them upon updating permanent tables. Updateupdates the record based on transaction-ID using VBMOD Table (Every update is module based inSAP)6. When the Dialogue updates the temp tables the record is displayed in SM13 which will beprocessed by update.UPDATE MONITORING SM13 The record that needs to be updated by update process is displayed in SM13 with status INIT.If the records stays for longer time in INIT status that indicates the updates are busy or there are nosufficient update processes or update mechanism is deactivate from SM14. Update handles the record and change the status to "RUN"If the update stays long time in status RUN1. Longer Update2. Dead Lock (Needs to inform SAP for Program correction)Updates which could not be updated will be thrown into ERR Status.1. Update deactivated in SM142. Programming problems in LUW3. Table Space overflow (ORA-1653; ORA-1654)4. Max Extents reached (ORA-1631; ORA-1632)5. Archive Struck (ORA-255; ORA-272) 29-jul09BATCH/ BTC/ BACKGROUND 64. 64 Each SAP transaction is considered as Single LUW (Logical unit of work) which in turncontains multiple LUWs needs to be committed to commit the SAP Transaction. If any one of theLUW is failed the entire transaction is rolled back. That is the reason why dialogue updates TempTable.1. User submits the request.2. Dialogue handles the request.3. Obtains lock from Enqueue so the data consistency is achieved and the records are only for display.4. Updates the request in Temp tables (VBHDR, VBDATA, VBMOD, VBERROR)5. Gets the transaction ID from NRIV (Number Range Interval Table)6. Update gets initiated to update the VB* content permanently into the database.7. Update inherits the locks.8. Updates the database based on transaction ID.9. Update releases the lock from the record.UPDATE Statuses.The following are the statuses displayed in SM13 Transaction.INIT The record is waiting to update by an update process.ERR The record runs in to an Error (Update Error)RUN The update is executing the record into DBAUTO The error records are reprocessed after a system restart/ update activation Automatically.SM13 - Repeat UpdateUsed to repeat the ERR updates. The update are terminated or cancelled due to the following reasons1. Table space overflow2. Max Extents reached3. Archive struck4. Programmatical Error5. Update Deactivation (SM14) Running updates during deactivationDEACTIVATE -----------> THROWS TO ERROR -------------> GOES TO AUTOAt this point of time we need to select the update (put a check mark of the update from SM13) andclick on [Repeat Update]Refer modules from SM13 65. 65The updates can be repeated with status ERRRdisp/vbmail = 1 to send email to the users if an update is failed.Update mechanism can be deactivated by setting the parameterrdisp/vb_stop_active=0 to deactivate the update mechanism in case of DB errors.It can be activated from SM14.rdisp/vbdelete=30 to delete the update records older than 30 days irrespective of the status.Rdisp/vbreorg =1 to delete the incomplete update request during a system restart.Report in SA38 RSM13002To delete the old update requests.Deletes the executed update requests. Reorganize the update tables. (Its a background job)V1 and V2 updates needs to be defined in the system.V1 handles critical updates and V2 handles the non-critical updates which are defined by theprogrammers.We can see either V1 or V2 in the standard SAP Program SAPMV45A by executing SE38MESSAGE SERVER/ PROCESS 1. There will be only one message server through out the System. 2. It is used to manage all the dispatchers and identify the least loaded dispatcher and forwardthe user request to the dispatcher provided logon load balancing is configured in transaction SMLG 66. 66Logon Groups SMLGSMLG > Create Provide GROUP: For Eg: MARKETING INSTANCE: dewall36_R3I_00Now from SAP Logon ScreenClick on Groups > and Provide SID and Message Server.We can find the Active servers from SM51 and on db click on the Host name to view all the Processes.CONFIGURING SMLG 1. Define a logon group from TCode SMLG 2. Assign the instance. 3. Open GUI > Select groups and create entry by choosing group. 4. Add an entry in etc/ services As sampsDEV (Message Server Name) 3200/tcpEntry should be made on all GUI systems.Note: The load is calculated based on in ST07 5. create a file sapmsg.ini if not exists from (x:windows) Sapmsg.ini > open [MESSAGE SERVER] DEV = <hostname> 67. 67Mechanism 1. User communicates using GUI. 2. sapmsg.ini gets evaluated and checks the port in etcservices to communicate with themessage server. 3. Message server maintains the details of favorite server and routes the request to thatdispatcher 4. Dispatcher handles the request - Queue - DialogueMessage server obtains the lock for dialogue process if the request is coming from the Dialogueinstances.SMMS: MESSAGE SERVER MONITORINGENQUEUE PROCESS / SERVER SM12 MonitoringNote: Server Naming convention is used because each of the process serving the user requests(Dialogue, BTC, Update, Enqueue, Message, Gateway and Spool DVEBMGS)It is also possible to install and configure all the above servers on different instances or hosts.ENQUEUE: It is used to provide data consistency while updating the system. It provides locks from alock table before a record gets updated and ensure that the record is available for display during
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anupdate. 68. 68There will be 1 One Enqueue process installed during installation. It is also possible to increaseEnqueue processes to more than one depending upon the updates but most of the customerenvironments there will be only 1 One enqueue process.It is configured by the parameterrdisp/ wp_no_enq = 1 30-jul-09DEAD LOCKSAP TRANS ------ MULTIPLE LUWSMM Dept Sales DeptX + Y (LUW1) A + B (LUW1)Z + M (LUW2) X + Y (LUW2) Dead LockQ + R (LUW3) R + Q (LUW3)Enqueue process the locks and unlock the record during an update.Enqueue server maintains the lock table on the shared memory of the Central Instance (or on theinstance where it is installed)It is recommended to increase the Enqueue processes only on the Central Instance.Technically the Message and the Enqueue should reside on the same instance (It is not mandatory). Ifboth are installed on the same machine then it will be more comfortable for message server tocommunicate with Enqueue process to obtain locks for Dialogue process that are coming from otherinstances. RFC 69. 69DIA - MSSG - ENQ - MSSG - LOCK - DIATCODE - SM12 (Lock Management)Enqueue table size is defined by the parameterEnqueue/table_size=4MB (Earlier 1 MB to 4 MB) in Netweaver systems this can be increased to100MBLOCK MONITORING/ ENQUEUE MONITORING SM12Shared ModeExclusive Mode. Locks are monitored in transaction SM12. In principle the lock which are older than one hourshould be reported to the escalation manager. If the lock table is filled (Enque/ Table_size) anoverflow occurs in the lock table.1. Check whether the update server is still performing the updates. If the updating has stopped, thenthe lock table can quickly become over filled with the locks held by update requests. We can resolvethe problem by restarting the updates. If updating has not been interpreted, then we must enlargethe lock table.Note: Enque table overflow is recorded in SM21 and ST22Eg: Execute SU01 from Shawn user/ 800 and edit shramana user Execute SU01 from Shawn user/800 and edit shramana userFollowing message is displayedAnd now execute SM12 which displays the Exclusive Mode lock2. Enque time is too high 70. 70As a part of the response time enqueue time should be 1ms - 5ms for Central instance and 100Msin case of the request that is coming form Dialogue instance.Then we can consider the following1. Lock table is overflow and the locks are held in SM122. Update is deactivate (SM14) due to any of the issues in DB. If the update gets deactivated then thelocks are not released.3. If the Enqueue time increases i.e. there could be RFC issue or Enque wait time is increasing thenconsider increasing Enqueue work processes.4. Dead locks (Usually never occurs, but there is a collision between PP, Manufacturing and MaterialModule, so highlight this issue to SAP) In some instances we may need to release the locks but we need to follow certain process. Do not release the lock in SM12 (Even though there is an option)Lock deletion is recorded in SM21.1. Users complaint that he could not update a record and message pop up stating that the record islocked by user XYZ.2. Check the period of lock (if it is older than 1 hour inform to the escalation manager)3. Get the written B&W approval from the user and terminate the session of that user using SM04.(Only Terminate or End that session)All the transaction activities are recorded in CDHDRNote: Initially 20Kb Mem is given from ztta_roll_first. We may need to allow some locks for more than one hour or days (Eg. Payroll updateprocessing) consumes lot of time. We need to ensure that dialogue process should not held forlonger time, but however BTC is allowed. 31-jul-09SPOOL PROCESSINGUser request - DIA - (Tables TBT*) BTC---- (TST01, TST03)--SPOOL -- PRINTUser request DIA-- (TST01, TST03) --- SPOOL ------ PRINT 71. 71PROCESS/ FLOW:1. User request to print a purchase order (or) user schedule to print dunning reports (LEGAL Notices,Credits, LOANS etc)2. These print request are processed by the respective Dialogue/ BTC and stores the content in TEMSE- Temse is a temporary sequential objects that are stored at OS (File system) or Database level whichis defined by the parameterrspo/store_location=G or DB(G Means Global Directory usrsapSIDsysglobal)(DB Means - Database tables TST01 and TST03)Note:DIALOGUE - MultiplexingBTC - Single ProcessThe Advantages of TEMSE.TEMSE size is 99000Refer:SU22 - (s_spo_act) - To identify the tcode/ Authorization objectsSP01SU24 The Temse can be stored in database or OS level. Temse remains in the DB/OS unless they aredeleted explicitly by SAP standard reports.TEMSE AT OS OR DB (WHICH ONE IS RECOMMENDED?)OS [G]1. It is recommended because the print request are printed faster than database. i.e., from Globaldirectory requests can be converted to output request at faster rate than database.2. This is only recommended when the requests are small in nature. (Every day 50-100 Docs) if the sizeincreases the search at file level consumes more time as (No indexes at file system) 72. 723. File system is not backup frequently as Database. File system backup will be weekly, fortnight,monthly whereas database is hourly (Redo Logs) and daily DB Backup. That is Temse is not secured atfile system.DB [DB]1. Consumes more time than Temse at OS when there are less no of records. but shows theperformance by using Indexes when the user grows (Temse can handle 90000 Requests)2. Backup is a regular activity on database so the Temse is secured. As it is stored in tables.Temse is a part of Normal Database (TST01 and TST03) no separate memory is required.DIALOGUE - BTC request - Spool Process OUT PUTDIALOGUE [TST01, TST02] - Spool Process REQUESTFRONT END > Spool process comes at our DesktopDefault setting is DBRZ11 : rspo_location : rdisp/ btctime3. The Spool process reads from TST01 and TST03 i.e. the name of the author (USER), Name of thePrinter, No of copies are procured from TST01 and Printable data from TST03 73. 73Spool Process formats or converts spool requests to output requests i.e. Printer specific format. Ifthe format is performed locally then it is said to be LAN (Local Access Method). If it is performedremotely then it is said to be RAM (Remote access Method)Spool processes are configured by rdisp/wp_no_spo (Rdisp indicates instance specific)There should be at least 1 one Spool process in the entire system.We can configure as many as we can depending upon the available resources.It is also possible to have dedicated instances which will provide only spool processesPROGRAM[ RSPO1041] to maintain TEMSE.Refer: From SE12TPFYPROPTYFlag for changesObj_name = parameter Rdisp/timeType T denotes DynamicX - Whether Changeable or not. 01-Aug-09SAP SystemNote: We should not touch the Repository data of name space A to X.SE11 > table name : /* (/ is a customer name space) 74. 74TADIR is the repositoryTSTC - Is the T-Codes with the program name.Market place > keys & Reqs > Development Name space.Note: STMS > System > Transport Toolno_import_all = 0 (No Mass Transportation)SPOOL MECHANISMDialogue - BTC - TBTC* - TS* TablesDialogue --------------------- TS* TablesSpool process reads from TEMSE and convert spool requests to the output requests (Printer specificrequests).SPOOL ADMINISTRATION TCODE - SPADLPD - Line Print DemonDrivers are specific to O/S
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and not to SAP1. It is used to define output devices/ Spool servers and access methodsDefining a Spool Server: The instance with atleast one spool process is referred as spool server. It is also referred as Realspool server. (Existing)Logical Spool Server.This is not existing but pointed to a Real spool/ another logical spool server. This is used for loadbalancing the spools. 75. 75Note: We can set up a dedicated instance for spool process.CONFIGURING THE OUT PUT DEVICE.1. Execute SPAD2. Click on the Spool Server - Display then Change3. Click on create Server Name: LOGICAL SP1 Server Class : Mass Printing Logical Server: Mapping : willsys28_00 Alt server: ...................... 76. 76DEFINING OUTPUT DEVICE/ PRINTER1. Execute SPAD2. Click on output device3. Click on display4. Click on change5. Click on create6. Specify the Output device name Specify the description : Local Printer7. Device type: HP Model & Manufacturer 77. 77 Device type specifies that the output device is recognized by SAP. If there is nodevice type available then select SAPWIN. If required write to SAP and try to get the device type. SAPsends programs in terms of Patches.SPAD > Utilities > For device types > ImportIf the character set is required.Device Class: (Standard, Fax, Telex etc)Authorization Group : Specifies the access control methodsModel: 2200Location : 5th floor A wing...Message : Only used by Pay Roll.--------------------Note:Dialogue --- TEMSE -- Author, Printer, Number of copiesWhen printer is defined Spool server (LS/ RS) is assignedIn order to print we need the spool process from the assigned instance to convert the spool requestin to the output request.Spool process uses Access Methods to format the request. (either Local, Front End, Print server...) 78. 78--------------------- 02-Aug-09ACCESS METHODS It specifies the process of formatting the spool request to printer specific outputrequest.LOCAL ACCESS METHODThe spool work process and the host spool resides in the same machine i.e. the work process transfersthe spool request to the spool system locally.Select L for UNIX based system (Local Print Method)Select C for Windows (which uses direct operating system call)Select F for FRONT END printingSpool work process goes to the user desktop and format the request based on the printer that isconnected to desktop. This is more expensive, time consuming than any other methods.Disadvantages: No user can print in the background because the desktop initiation is not possible inthe background during off peak hours.Advantages: Check printing, Sensitive docs, label printing.Restrict the no of work process that can go into front end mode using the parameter.rdisp/wp_no_spo_fro_max = 2i.e. two work processes can be used for front end printing. If this parameter is not used spoolcongestion occurs.Specify I for Achieving device (Optical Devices, HSM, Jukebox (stores each copy (output doc))Hierarchal storage machine 79. 79REMOTE ACCESS METHODS The formatting by spool work process is performed on remote system.Specify U for UNIX operating system where formatting is performed on the remote machine (Printserver) using Berkeley protocol.Specify S for windows operating system. It will transfer the formatting to remote system usingSAP specific protocol SAPLPDFor LOCAL & REMOTE > Needs the printer modelsFor FRONT END > SAPWINWhen Remote access method is specified we need the followingHOST Printer:Destination HOST:i.e. the printer should be configured on destination HOST. It can be a print server.Note: Front end cannot be scheduled in the background. 80. 80SPOOL MONITORING SP01; SP02 The spool requests are monitored in SP01. users can monitor the requests using SP02.Spool Requests Output Requests(Stores in Temse)Note:Put a check mark [ ] Do not query host spooler for output requests. If this option is checked, Itimproves performance. If we need the exact status then uncheck the box.Output Attributes: Depends upon the company requirements. Tray info is also similar.-----The Major advantage of TEMSE is the documents can be displayed even before it is printed.SP01 is used to monitor the spool requests based on statuses.1. Status - Minus : Indicates not yet sent to the host system (No output requests exist) The spool process is busy/ congested, if too many requests with this Status indicates need for increasing spool WP.2. Status + : Spool request is being generated (Stored in Spool system)3. Waiting : Waiting for processing by spool4. In Process : The spool WP is formatting the output for printing5. Printing : The host spool is printing the output request. If the SAP spool system does not receive any status information from the host spool, this status displayed for approximately one minute. The system then sets the status to Complete (Competed or Error)6. Completed : The output request printed successfully. In systems where the spool system does not receive any information about the host 81. 81 spool , the system changes to complete as soon as the output request is sent to the host spool.7. Error : It indicates a server error such as network error. The requests have not printed and remain in the spool system until they are deleted or until they reach their expiration date and are deleted during a reorganization.1. Printer issues like (Page setting issues, cartridge issues, printer not available) paper out, print servernot available) these printer specific issues will be resolved by Network Team/ Print Team.2. User complain that they could not print documents to a specific printer. - Check the availability of the printer, if required we can change the printer and reprint thedocument.From SP01 --- Select the request -- Use Menu "Spool Request and print directly" or select print withchanged parameters.While changing the parameter we can set the priority between 1 - 10 (1 as High)3. Spool request cannot be generated - The TEMSE is full i.e. TEMSE will be full when it reaches 99,000 requests and log is generatedin SM21 (System Log) - We need to reorganize the spool requests using the SAP standard reports. (RSPO1041,RSPO1043, RSPO0041, RSPO0043). These are used to delete the old spool requests based onselection criteria. In general the spool requests which are older than 14 days will be deleted ifstandard jobs are scheduled in SM36 they also checks the consistency of TEMSE periodically. - We can also use SPAD for reorganization of spool (but the logic is same)For thisExecute - SPAD > Full ADMIN > ADMIN > Delete old spool requests Or from SA38 execute the program - RSPO0041-----------Refer SM01 - Transaction Codes [Lock/ Unlock] 82. 82----------SP12 - SPOOL TEMSE ADMINISTRATIONIt is used to monitor the memory allocated for TEMSENote: If we need to forward a spool request select the request in SP01 and forward it to another userwhere user can print from alternative printer.SP01 : Spool request > Forward > (Client to client) Recipient : DDICUse SBWP (SAP business work place) to display the request in inbox.PRINT QUEUESNote: Should have enough spool work process to format the requests to printer specific requests.Similarly we should have enough output devices to avoid the print queues.SETTING DEFAULT PRINTERFrom SU01 we can specify default printer to the user but do not check the box "delete the requestafter output immediately" which improves the spool
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performance.The printer can be locked during maintenance in SPADTo process the requests sequentially based on serial numbersSelect the option -- [ ] print sequentially in SPAD from OP devices attributes tab.Print sequentially consumes time to print in the order. If this is unchecked it prints faster but sequenceis not maintained. 03-Aug-09 83. 83Dialogue2 Min / Instance75 - 150 MB5 - 10 Users (Refer ST07)Handles request InteractivelyMultiplexingRdisp/max_wp_runtime = 600SM50/ SM66wp_no_diaDPMONIt initiates update, BTC, spool, Message server and enqueueBTCExpensive, long running, time consumingNo time limitOff peak timeScheduled to run periodically using variantsStatuses(Scheduled, Released, ready, active, finished, cancelled)Job stepProgram (SA38), OSCommands (SM49, SM69), External Programs (on Tar. Systems)TBTC* tablesStandard background jobsPause(rdisp/btctime, wp_no_btc=0, btctrans1)Atleast 2 for the entire systemSM36; SM37Operation modes (RZ04, SM63)RSCOLL - gathers performance into ST03BTC communicates with enqueue for locking and spool for print.GATEWAY WORK PROCESS SMGWSMGW is used to monitor the gateway process. Gateway is used to communicate between SAP andNON-SAP systems. There will be only 1 gateway/ instance. If required we can also install a standalonegateway on a JAVA engine.Gateway listens on port 3300+instance number (3300, 3301,3302 where 01, 02 are the instances).Gateway provides an interface so that the external system can communicate with SAP system on thespecified port. 84. 84When RFCs are defined between the systems they use SAP gateway when (ALE, EDI, IDOC aretransferring they use gateway) INSTANCE MANAGEMENTInstance is managed by using profiles. Profiles will resides in (usr/sap/<SID>/sys/profiles)There are three types of Profiles1. Default2. Startup3. Instance Profile As part of post installation we import the profiles of Active servers from RZ10.The profiles resides at OS level in the directory (usrsap<SID>sysprofile). They can be managed/edited using a notepad. But the consistency is not checked (say for eg. if we modify the instanceprofile WP DIA=2000 and there is no error message and versions are not maintained under OS level)DEV_DVEBMGS00_willsysdel.So these profiles are imported into database management for consistency check and versionmanagement.Startup Profile Startup profile consists of startup parameters likeStarting DatabaseStarting Message ServerDispatcher + Work.Do not modify these parameter under any circumstances on OS level.Default Profile It is used to provide global parameters for all the instances, buffer parameters, securityparameters (Password, User restrictions), Message server host, enqueue host)Instance Profile This is specific to instance configuration such as work process, timeout parameters etc.Starting Sequence 85. 851. Startup profile is read by the system to start the engine by starting database, message server anddispatcher in Central Instance.2. Startup profile is read by the system to start the engine by starting (DISP+WORK) on dialogueinstance.3. There will be only one default profile in the entire system which provides global values.4. Instance specific profile - This is used to set the instance specific parameters.Eg. How many profiles are available on a system with 10 Dialogue instances. Total = 11 (including Central Instance) 11 X 2 per instance (Start + Instance) 22 22 + 1 (Default Instance) = 23PROFILE MANAGEMENTDocumentation for profiles are available in RZ10Profiles resides in the table - TPFYPROPTYRZ11 is also used to change some parameters dynamically without restarting the system but they willbe reset once the system is restarted.RZ10 changes are permanentThe field type T Specifies the dynamic parameters.RZ10 There are three types of Administration. 86. 861. Administration data No need to maintain using this option. It only specifies the path of theparameters.2. Basic Maintenance: It is used to maintain the profile parameters without any technical names. GUI basedusing mouse 87. 873. Extended Maintenance Used by administrator using parameter namesSpecify the input by including new parameters or modify the existing one.Copy > Save and Activate the profile.The profile changes are updated at OS level and the existing profile is marked as .BAK and a newprofile is created in the profile directory. It will effect only after restarting the Server.Profiles are changed on SAP recommendation or based on experience. Do not change any of theprofiles on trail and error method. System will hang and may not restart. 04-Aug-09LOGON LOAD BALANCING SMLGST07 - Application Monitor: User DistributionSMLG - Logon groups sapmsg.ini 88. 88Logon Load Balancing SMLG It is used to route the requests to the least loaded instance of that group.Factors to define LLB.Identify the components along with users. If the users are logging to different instances the buffersare scattered therefore they are not effectively used.So for this* Note: DDLOG is the synchronization tableUser A A+B =50User B A+B =75 Buffer Synchronization1. Buffers are optimally utilized.2. Load balancing to avoid long queues3. Fail over (Logical) (As we are configuring logical system) Load balancing provides the following logon groups which are defined in SMLG.SMLG > Define the groups and assign the instances.Mechanism1. User uses SAP GUI -groups option to login2. Saplogon.ini is used to display the available entries3. User select group and click on logon. 89. 894. When the user select group. It looks for sapmsg.ini to identify the message server andetc/services for message server port. saproute.ini, saprfc.ini, sapdoccd.ini (For library), saplogon.ini5. Message server communicates will all the dispatchers and identifies the least loaded server andmark it as a favorite server in SMLG. The request is routed to the favorite server.6. The dispatcher process the request normally.Sapmsg.ini ---IP Address --- Hostname of the message server Central instance (but not always)DATA TRANSFER TECHNIQUESDuring the implementation of the legacy system needs to be preserved or used in the current system.Example: A customer/ company is running business for the past 30 Years. He is maintaining customerdetails, vendor details, supplier details, employees and salaries, account payables, account receivablesand P&L (Profit and Loss). This information is required by the customer in SAP System. So there isneed to transfer the legacy system data to SAP system.Example: Customer implemented SAP but the employees who are old cannot make use of SAPsystem. They would like to work on the traditional systems. After go live both systems SAP and legacytravel parallely. The data entered in the legacy system i.e. POs, Invoices, Billing, Shipping are to betransferred periodically(Hourly) bi-hourly(for every 4 hrs) or dailySO --- POBI ---INVExample: Reliance, Hero Honda [B2B Company to Dealers] not B2C [Distributers to customers] theycommunicate with dealers, suppliers, using SAP. But dealers and suppliers use non-SAP system so it isrequired to establish communication between SAP and NON SAP systems and perform the datatransfer periodically.ETL - Extract - Transfer - LoadSAP - Non SAPHero Honda XML DealersRFC: REMOTE FUNCTION CALL SM59RFC is used to communicate between SAP systems and SAP to Non-SAP systems using
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TCP/IPprotocol. RFCs are defined in [SM59]. There are 4 types of RFCs 90. 901. Asynchronous RFC2. Synchronous RFC3. Transactional RFC4. Queue RFC1. Asynchronous RFC (Like a post card). The sending system may or may not receive it. i.e. there isno acknowledgement from the receiving . The transmission is not reliable.2. Synchronous RFC - It is not like ARFC. It gets an acknowledgement from the target system. (like aregister post). If the receiving system is not available the process goes into RFC/ CPIC/ Sleepmode and waits until it is wakened by the target system. Target system/ Receiving system may bebusy i.e. all the resources are used up. This is reliable but time consuming and expensive (Client Copy)the job should get finished.Note: SAP uses CPIC protocol SAP specific (Common Programming Interface for Communication) tocommunicate between system.Berkley UNIX PRINTER CPIC SRFC3. Transactional RFC TRFC - It is an advanced version of ARFC and SRFC. The request goes toreceiving system if it is not handled a Transaction ID is generated by the source system. A programRSARFCSE is scheduled in the background to run for every 60 seconds. Transaction SM58 is used for Transactional RFC. It is used to document all thetransactional IDs and ensure that they are received by the recipient system.This is consistence and reliable.Example : Central user administration.A user is created in the parent client and transferred to the child client when they are available?4. Queued RFC - It is an advanced version of TRF and ensures that the transaction is committedbased on FIFO/ Queue. It ensures transaction consistency of LUW and reliability of data transmission.SMQ1 - to monitor the outbound queues of a sending system refer SCOTT for FAX...SMQ2 Provides interface to monitor Inbound queues. 91. 91 05-Aug-09DEFINING SYSTEMS - SALESAP systems consists of more than one client - technically 1000 client can be created in one system.So we need to identify which client is the business client. Preciously SAP is client based (A mandatoryfield while login)Each client is defined with a logical system name that is defined in SALE. (Sap System linking andenabling). Each system is identified by SID, client by 3 digit number. So, Logical system numbershould be <SID>CLNT<CLNT_Number>Eg. DEVCLNT900To identify the systems easily by name1. Goto > SALE > Basic Settings > Logical System2. Define Logical System (<SID>CLNT009)3. Assign logical system to the client.There should be unique SID in the Landscape.Defining RFC Connection - SM591. SM59 - Provide the name of the logical system2. Select the connection type 33. Description about the connection4. Technical settings (Host name and Instance No)5. Logon Security (Client, UID, PWD, Logon Language)6. Save the connection, Test Connection, Remote logonPerform three times to add 3 systems.Central User Administration SCUAGoto > BD64 or SALE > To define the sending systems and receiving systemsOrUse the SAP standard moral for that application.Example: To configure central user administration SCUA Tcode is used.From 000/ SapuserExecute SCUA / - model : willsys > Create(The logged in system is treated as Sending system)We need to define recipient/ receiving systems 92. 92DEVCLNT001DEVCLNT000DELCLNT001 save to configure CUAGoto back end systemsTry to execute SU01 and create an user .. It wont allows us to create because thereceiving systems will become a Child system.SCUM is performed only in the Parent SystemEg: Consider a Scenario - Being in parent create an user assigning profile SAP_ALL - define systems and SAVE - Stop the other systems - Execute SM58 (Transactional RFC)Users are distributed to the child client using TRFC(SM58) and if the client system is notAvailable the record hangs in SM58 and ensure that is updated in the child client.To delete : Execute report : RSDELCUA or SCUA select the client and delete.EDI - Electronic Data Interchange It is used to communicate between SAP to NON-SAP systems.ALE - SAP to SAP only.IDOCS (Intermediate Documents) are used to transfer the data. It will be in theUnderstandable format of both sending and receiving systems. SAP - NON SAP.WE05 is the Tcode to monitor the IDOCSSCUL to check the logsWE05 > Status 93. 930 to 49 - are the outbound IDOCS50 and above are the inbound IDOCS52 - States that the application document not posted fully.53 - states that the document is posted02 - states that there is error in the port07 states there is a syntax error.Tcode IDOC to check the consistencyWE21 to identify the ports for IDOC processing.SYSTEM MONITORING Gateway is a port that listens on 3300.It is used to monitor the health of systems in terms of storage, memory and CPU technically. 06-Aug-09Status (Killed, Ended, Free... Instance is down)But on SAP front we need to monitor the process utilization, pending updates, dead locks, systemlogs, database logs, system dumps, btc failures, RFC failures, Failed spool requests, work load on thesystem (Users, Reports, Transactions, Programs)PROCESS MONITORING SM50 (INSTANCE)/ SM66 (GLOBAL) 94. 94 Monitor the instance specific processes in SM50 and Global Specific Process overview based onstatus in SM66. Monitor the processes with status(reasons) running, hold, stopped, sleep, RFC/ CPIC, PRIV. Identify the user, time, client, Action. If BTC is running for longer times check whether it is permissible as per the process document. Dialogue process should not consume more than 1-2 seconds for normal tasks. It will beautomatically down (Killed) by system in 600 Seconds. If it is not killed the process might be occupiedby dedicated resource and uses heap memory with status PRIV. The process has to complete the jobor Heap Memory should exhaust, so that process comes out. We may need to kill the processes withstatus PRIV using DPMON, Task Manager or Kill -9 Command on UNIX. If more number goes into PRIV we may need to restart the instance.Refer : select MANDT, Count(*) as Total from DEV.USR02 group by MANDT.Note : Rdisp/gui_auto_logout = 900 sec---Example ---User pwd forgotten and all the users are locked if SAP* is deleted. It will be created with Passwordpass. Do not change the status of users in the USR02 Table.Select MANDT, BNAME, UGLAG from USR02128 - Self Locked64 Administrator Lock never becomes 0-------------------ReferSM12 - Select Lock EntriesSM13 - Update requestsSM14 - Update program Administration (Deactivate)SM36 - To define the Back ground JobSM37 - JOB monitorSM21 - System LogST22 - ABAP Dumps/ Runtime ErrorRZ04 - Maintain Operation ModesSM63 - Display/ Maintain Operation Mode SetSP01 - Output controller - SpoolStandard Jobs RSBTCDEL - Deletes the batch job logs 95. 95 - RSSNAPDL - Delete Old ABAP Dumps - RSPO1041 - Delete Old spool logs and files - RSMO13002Delete old update request logs - RSCOLL00 - Collects performance info in Transaction ST03 - RSPO1043 Spool Reorganization.DPMON - When the user could not login to the system (Experience Hour glass) Process the list @ OS Level DPMON K Provide SR. Number Provide PID.SM59 - RFC DestinationSM50 - Process OverviewSM51 - Active SAP ServersSM66 - Global Work Process overviewWE05 - IDOC ListSMQ1 - QRFC (outbound) queueSMQ2 - QRFC (Inbound) queueSM04 - User List. 07-Aug-09Market Place > SAP Support Portal > Suserid>>Downloads > Installation Upgrades > My Company Components SAP Solution Manager 7.0 InstallationExports [1 of 4 ]Kernel, Java Components > Add to download Basket Paste in<SID>sysexeUC |Install
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the download managerSYSTEM MONITORING Each customer provides a standard check list to monitor their systems from time to time.Eg: BSI (British Standard Institute) requests the consultants to monitor the system on hourly basis. 96. 96P&G requests their production systems to be monitored periodically for every 8 Hrs.Check lists contains the following 1. Identify the instances which are down i.e. SM51 to list the servers and monitor the instanceswhich are up and running. If any instance is down, we need to report with high priority. 2. Analyse the reason for failure (Check if the system is scheduled for downtime) If we areauthorized start the instance and if it could not be started then look into work directory for logs.SM50 identifies the process which are long running.----IMPORT ABAP : c:prog filessapinst_instdirerpsystemoracentralasErr, Ok, exe.---- 08-Aug09TRANSPORT GROUPSNote: usrsaptrans can be on JOD, JOQ, JOP or on separate disk.Transport Groups with individual transport directories. SecurityOn JOD > 97. 97Perform SICK SE06 > Standard Installation - Perform Post Installation DICO STMSFrom Menu Overview > SystemsExtras > Delete TMS configuration or execute DICO1. Login to DC (Domain Controller) Development System/ 000 client with user like DDIC2. Execute STMS > Will prompt to create a transport Domain. Domain name will be Domain<SID> Save the Domain.3. Login to Quality system Execute STMS >As DC is already created from the above step. We need to include systems in the DC. Select Icon > Other Configuration [][] Include System in Domain Pops up DC Host/ Target Host : JOMLERTDEV DC Sys No/ System No: 00 SAVEUpon saving the request from quality system is sent to DC to include in the domain.4. Similarly perform the to include production into DC5. Login to the DC6. From DC From Menu Overview > Systems JOD JOQ JOPSelect the system JOP from SAP System Menu > Click on approve.Select the system JOQ and click on Approve from Menu SAP System > Approve 98. 98TRANSPORT GROUP If each system has their own transport group i.e. they maintain transport groupsthemselves i.e. 3 - Transport directories are configured.Double Click on the system JOD from Communication TabFrom Transport Group Tab change mode Provide Name : Group_JODPerform the same for JOQ. SAVE.7. Defining the Landscape From the DC/ 000/ DDIC > Goto STMSClick on the icon transport routesClick on changeMenu - Configuration > Standard configuration > Three systems in group. > Continue > SAVE Three system configuration - Say YESNote: In principle there will be only one client in the production system.JOQ --- 2 Clients [Test, Training] - UNIT TESTJOP ---- 1 ClientJOD---- 2 Clients [DEV and Customizing, UNIT Testing]SYSTEM MONITORINGSM51SM50/ SM66SM13SM14SM37SP01 99. 99SM04/ AL08 : Used to identify the number of users logged on to the instance. Identify the userswho are consuming more memory and also identify the transactions and identify why it is consumingmore time. This TCODE is also used to logoff the user session if required.AL08SM04SM21: System logs specific to the instance. We can also identify the logs of other instances. System log > Remote systemIt is used to display the logs for the following activities. 100. 1001. System Startup/ Work process log2. All ABAP dumps are documented3. When we delete SM12 the locks are logged.4. All the database related errors like Space issues, Segment Management, Archive Stuck.5. Illegal attempts and user locks6. Session Termination due to network failures.As a part of monitoring we need to identify the messages with color red.7. Time out errors Identify the error message from the log and search in the market place.8. It displays the logs based on date/time, user, t-code & problem class.ST22 ABAP DUMPSWhen ever a SAP Program (ABAP program) could not be executed due to an error it will be thrownout from the GUIScreen and a dump is recorded in ST22.ST22 recovers the following1. Divide Error 1/02. Update (Lags in Memory)3. Infinite Loops. 101. 1011. TIME_OUT error: The program requires more time than the time defined inrdisp/max_wprun_time2. Memory related issues with error message PXA, SWAP, PAGE, OUT OF MEMORY.This error requires memory corrections to the parameters.3. Program Corrections: The problem is with SAP standard program for which SAP provides acorrection through notes (The correction can be applied through SNOTE)4. Customer defined programs (Y, Z) consumes more memory, endless loops, improper selectstatements etc. The program need to be corrected by the developer.5. Enqueue Table Overflow: SM126. Update Deactivation : SM147. Database issues like table space over flow, max-extents reached, archive stuck.8. Illegal time: (Day light savings) - During day light savings the system date and time has to bechanged. Stop the AS and change the date if not, the above error occurs.NoteTSTC - Holds the transaction and the Program nameTSTCT - Holds the description/ text of a T-Code. 09-Aug-09PERFORMANCE TUNING ST02 102. 102This complete journey should be completed within 600 Milli seconds on an average or goes up to 600Seconds Max.1. Front End Time/ GUI Time : Time taken by the user to reach the dispatcher is called as Front endtime. The GUI time should not exceed more than 200 M.Sec. If it exceeds this consider the following. 1. User desktop is slow 2. If this is same with all the users, network might be congested. 3. The user request is expensive (FI and basis will logon to the central instance. Rest of all theusers are allowed to login to Dialogue instance)Note: GUI response time is not considered as a part of the Dialogue response time because therequest is not received by the dispatcher.2. Wait Time: The amount of time the user request sits in the queue. Generally it should not be morethan 50 M.Sec or 10% of the response time. If the time exceeds, consider the following. 1. The work process are not sufficient to handle the user requests. (1:5) 2. There are sufficient processes but the existing process are held with expensive request. Login/disable_multi_gui_login.3. Roll in Time: The work process copies the Roll in User context into WP task handler. The time takenby the work process to copy the context (Roll In) is referred as Roll in time. Generally it should not bemore than 50 M.Sec. If it is more than this consider the following. 1. The user context is heavy to Roll in (User might having more authorizations, parameters) 103. 103 2. Minimize the authorizations.4. Roll Out Time: The time taken by the work process to copy the information from its local memoryto Roll Area/ Roll File/ User context/ Roll buffer and it should not be more than 50 M. Sec.5. Roll Wait Time: During the processing when a dialogue process communicates with RFCs andwaiting for the response at this time the user context is copied/ rolled back toBTC ---- RFC --- Target system.Roll wait time SleepNote: Roll wait time is not considered as a part of response time. If the roll wait time increasesconsider there is a bottle next on the RFC communication.6. Processing Time: The time taken by the work process to process the user request usinginterpreters. The processing time should not be more than 200
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M.Sec. If the processing time is morewe can consider either ABAP program is expensive, screen is expensive or SQL statements areexpensive.7. CPU Time: When the request are processed using interpreters an amount of CPU is utilized toprocess the request using CPU resources is referred as CPU time.As CPU time is included in processing time it is not calculated in the response time.CPU time should not be more than (40% of the Dialogue response time - Wait time). If CPU time ismore consider tuning ABAP Programs Refer to ABAP development team (Also Refer SE30 ABAP Runtime Analysis, ST05 Performance Analysis)8. LG Time: Load and Generation Time: Time required to load the objects such as source code, GUIinfo, screen info from the database and generate these objects.(Refer LC10 : Live Cache). It should not be more than 200 M.Sec.Run SGEN tcode after patch application, upgrade, new installation or when there is a mass change inthe programs.9. Enqueue Time: The time taken by the process to communicate with enqueue for obtaining the lockwhile updating a record is referred as Enqueue time. Enqueue time should be 5 M.Sec. on a Centralinstance and 100 M.Sec on a Dialogue instance. If it exceeds more than this time we can consider thatthe enqueues are not sufficient or Enqueue table overflow. or WP waiting for a lock.10. RFC or CPIC Time: The time taken by the process to communicate with external interfaces isreferred as RFC time. It should be as minimal as possible. (Communication between any BW/ CRM/SCM system). There wont be any threshold value as it depends on External system. 104. 10411. Database Time: The time taken by the process to reach the database and process the request.Generally it should not be more than 40% of (Response time - Wait time). It is similar to the CPU time.IF DB Time is more consider the following. 1. The DB statistics job is not scheduled in DB13. 2. The DB resources are stake(CPU and Memory Utilization) i.e. Resource bottle neck on DB. 3. The DB Buffers are not sufficient. 4. Missing indexes in DB02.12. Dialogue Response time: The time taken by the Dialogue process to process the request whichincludes [Wait time ........ To ......... Roll Out Time][Wait time + RI + RO + PI +LG + RFC + DB +ENT]Note: Team Viewer is the Remote Desktop support Software BOMGAR. Indicates - Average Time# Indicates - Total Time 10-Aug-09WORK LOAD ANALYSIS ST03ST03 It is used to calculate the work load analysis. Select Expert Mode to identify the expensiveprograms, transactions, reports and users. While calculating the average consider the number of dialogue steps of the transaction user. Ifthe response time is more and dialogue steps of fewer 1 or 2 then the average response time couldnot be worked out. The response time should be worked out only when there are atleast 10,000dialogue steps.MEMORYPhysical Memory: The memory that is available or the memory that is configured on the instanceusing the parameter PHYS_MEMSIZE.* PHYS_MEMSIZE: This parameter restricts the usage of memory by that instance.Virtual Memory: The physical memory and SWAP memory/ Pagging Memory on the diskThe physical memory will not be sufficient to provide the users for temporary work area/ Calculations/so a part of the disk which is configured for SWAP is used. 105. 105On UNIX during installation assign atleast 20GB of SWAP. On windows assign atleast 3*RAM size/20 GB which ever is higher.Shared Memory: The memory that is used by all the applications (OS, DB, R/3)Extended Memory: The memory that is used by SAP work processes is referred as Extended Memory.Local Memory: The memory that is assigned to work process is referred as Local MemoryRoll Memory/ Roll Buffer: The memory that is used by work process to store the user contextinformation is referred as Roll memory.Private/ Heap Memory: The memory that is used by work process exclusively by restricting itself.MEMORY ALLOCATION 1. User submits the request. 2. Dispatcher assigns the WP 3. WP requires memory to Roll -In the user context. 4. WP gets memory from local memory which is defined in the parameter ztta/roll_area. Itgets only a part of it which is defined by parameter ztta/roll_first (20KB) 5. If the allocated memory is not sufficient then it gets allocated from Extended memoryztta/roll_extension. 6. If that is also not sufficient then it uses the remaining ROLL Area. 7. If that is also not sufficient then it uses HEAP/ PRIVATE Memory and the WP goes intoPRIVATE Mode. 8. Heap memory is defined by the parameterAbap/heaplimit=4GB Abap/heap_area_diaTransaction ST02 provides the memory utilization 9. Each dialogue uses abap/heap_area_dia and non dia uses abap/heap_area_nondia bothprocess should not exceed abap/heap_area_total.Memory : RAM is the first Memory. Out of this we dont want to allow SAP to utilize the wholememory.Virtual Memory: Pagefile.sys 11-Aug-09 106. 106User ---> Dispatcher ---> WP ---> Rolls Its MemoryRequires Memory to Roll In to the Task HandlerZtta/roll_first - 20KBExtended Memory is used by all the Work Processes.20 KB ztta/roll_first through ztta/roll_areaExtended Memory ztta/roll_extension : 512 MBCome back to local MemoryIf all the memory is consumed it cant come back so goes to the Heap/ Private Memory.CASE STUDYWe have configured 20 WP in the Instance and we know pretty well that each user request consumesa minimum of 25MB of MemoryWP MEMORY 4GB 8GB STATUS Roll_first Roll_extn Roll_Area Heap1 20KB 512MB 19.980MB 2GB PRIV2 20KB 512MB 19.980MB 2GB PRIV..89 20KB 0MB 19.980MB 5MB PRIV 107. 107Rdisp/max_priv_time When the process uses Heap Memory it is used in Heap/ Private mode. The processeswhich are in PRIV Mode cannot be timed out byRdisp/max_wprun_timeRdisp/max_priv_timeSo configure so that the process is timed out after this time (600 Seconds/ 10 Minutes) when the workprocess goes into PRIV mode it will not listen to rdisp/max_wprun_time=600sec. It will be releasedonly after the task completion or Memory is exhausted(Abap/heap_area_dia)/ timed out byrdisp/max_priv_time. This situation is referred as Hour Glass Mode or WP Congestion. At this situationwe can use DPMON or SM04 to terminate the user session. If not kill the process at OS level basedon PID.Q. The user complains that he could not login to the system - Hour Glass Mode?A. 1. WP into PRIV Mode 2. ARCHIVE STUCK (The user could not update any record and results in hour glass mode)BUFFERS ST02 The frequently used content and less frequently modified is eligible for buffering. CompanyName, GUI, screens, calendars, table definitions, programs etc are eligible for buffering. Data such as Exchange Rates, Transactional Data(PO, Sales Order, Invoice, Billing) are noteligible for buffering. Buffering is specific to instance. Each buffered element is stored in the memory of the instancein terms of Directories and Space.Eg. Programs can be stored up to 150000 KB, 150 MB in 37,500 directories. If the directories/ size isfull then Buffer Swaps occurs in ST02.When SWAP occurs the content needs to be fetched again from Database which increases theresponse time. 12-Aug-09 108. 108RAISING A REQUEST TO SAP FOR A SAP ROUTERFrom the Market Place www.service.sap.com> click on SAP Support Portal.> From Help and Support Tab> click on Report a Product ErrorFrom Here Provide Customer : Company Name Installation : System ID : JODNext > Search Term : SAP Router Or Go with Message Select the system & select the componentRaise a request as follows:Dear SAP, We have installed solution manager and 3 ERP systems in the landscape. Before we startimplementation we would like to establish connecting with SAP using SAP Router. Name of the Server : JOMLSOLMAN IP Address : 213.210.213.197(This
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is where our SAPRouter is going to be configured)We are using dedicated public IP Address SID : JOS INSTANCE NO : 00Please send us certificate details.{ Open the connectivity, How many hours it needs to be opened; Provide Userid and password/ Client} Provide your name R. Shunmugam Phone No:Hit SENDNote: from Market Place > My Profile > Maintain Single Sign on Certificate > Specify Password. 109. 109From Market place > Check the email.SAP : 213.210.213.197JOLSOLMAN194.39.131.34----------------Earlier from the Back End system say for eg: SOLMAN system001/ DDIC > Login to the SOLMAN systemDiscontinued from 2006 -TCODE > OSS1 (Online SAP Service) From Menu Parameter > Technical Settings Hit Change SAPRouter at SAPNote: Instance 98 ( Is for SOLMAN Diagnostic Tool), 99(SAP Router)All kind of services can be acquired from OSS1Over the web using DIAG protocol. (It is discontinued)----------------4 systems in the landscapeSAP Router is a software program which is used to restrict to access the customer systems using thetable SAPROUTTAB.SAPROUTTAB is a text file with out any extension in the router directory with prefix P, D and S (Permit,Deny and Secure sometimes)STEPS TO CONFIGURE SAP ROUTER1. Create a directory with name saprouter in usr sapdirectory. usrsapsaprouter Ensure that the folder has full (Read + Write permissions) 110. 110NoteSAPRouter is an executable in the kernel directory (usrsapSIDsysexeucNTi386).Nipping is an executable to ping to the router. This two executables needs to be copied to the routerdirectory. However we can also download from market place.On Windows> Check whether the SAPRouter service is running or not to make sure whether theSAPRouter is already configured or not.2. From Market Place > My Company App Components Look for SAPROUTER700 Windows server X64 Click on Add to download basket.3. Login as <SID>ADM4. Create a sub directory E:usrsapsaprouter5. From Command Prompt Change directory to trans as it is holding the downloaded files E:usrsaptrans> sapcar -xvf saprouter_12_100004305.sar6. copy the two uncared files in to the saprouter directory.7. From market place click on Download Area > SAP Cryptographic Software .sar file.It depends on OSWe can download either CAR or SAR file 111. 111Paste the file in usrsapsaproutersapcar -xvf 90000114.car-----------Note: Download Manager > Configuration > SUSERID and PWD-----------8. Create a service called SAPRouter service. From Command Prompt > Saprouter>ntscmgr install SAPRouter -b E:usrsapsaproutersaprouter.exe - p "JOSADM"It will create a service.JOS is the SID9. Define a file SAPROUTTAB Create a file SAPROUTTAB in the saprouter dir with out any extension10. SNC (Secured Network Connection Needs to be added) For this Goto > www.service.sap.com/SAPROUTER-SNCADD Apply Copy [ Shows the Distinguished Name] > Hit Continue11. Define the Environment Variable. My Comp > Properties > Advanced>Variable : SECUDIRPath: E:usrsapsaprouterVariable :SNC_LIBPath: E:sursapsaprouternt-X86_64sapcrypto.dllSapcrypt.dll to encrypt and decrypt the messages.12. Generating certificate from Customers End (SOLMAN System) Use the command Sapgenpse.exe will be in nt-X86_64 so goto 112. 112 Saprouter> CD nt-X86_64Saprouternt-X86_64>sapgenpse get_pse -v -r certreq -p local.pse "Paste the distinguished name"Prompts for PIN : any passwordTwiceSapgenpse - SAP Generic Personal Security Encryption13. Work file certreq in nt-X86_64 Open with notepad And copy from BEGIN to END Paste in the STEP 10 in the text box and hit Continue Click on request certificateIt generates a text with BEGIN to END.Now copy from BEGIN to END from SAP that site/ ScreenPaste it in a notepad file(without extension) with file name srcert in the folder nt-X86_6414. Importing the Certificate Nt-X86_64> sapgenpse import_own_cert -c srcert -p local.pse15. being in nt-X86_64 > sapgenpse seclogin -p local.pse -o JOSADM Will create a file cred_v216. SAPROUTTAB > open with notepad > copy the whole content (from already configured system) > provide> SAP IP > Our IP.17. TO check the Distinguished name Sapgenpse get_my_name -v -n issuer18. Router as Service Services.msc > saprouter From Logon Tab Select This Account : JOSADM Apply--------------------------------------------To UninstallNtscmgr install saprouter -b E:.........SAPSR3 - 14SAPSR2 -9 113. 113SAPSR1 - 6------------------------------------------19. Execute SM59 SAPOSS > ChangeIP Address of SAPRouter at Customer SideAnd also change at SAP Side Router String---------------------------------------Goto Market PlaceDownload service connectionMaintain Data > System DataSOLMAN Production SystemGoto DB ServerHostname > SOLMAN IP Address : 124.12.124.19 OS : NT/ INtel Version : Win2003 DB Release : 9.2.0.8.0Router String:> H/220.227.194.202/s/3299Create New Connection RFC ConnectionLogon SecurityE1001SCO4013677AISUSER tcode------------------------------------- 13-Aug-09SAP ROUTERTheory1. Maintain our systems in the Market Place2. SAP able to connect and we need to provide authentication3. SAP Router provides the authorization and we need to provide the authentication. The password will be visible [ ].SAP router side will restrict the user.Market place > connect to SAP > R/3 Support > Open connection 114. 114Take out the access from SCC4, SE38, SA38...SAP Router is an executable which is used to restrict the access to the customer systems over thenetwork. It works like a firewall/ proxy to permit and deny the access to the SAP systems.It needs to be configure before implementation Part of SAP.--------------RMMAIN tcode only in SOLMAN Implementation Road Map > Technical Infrastructure Planning > Order for Remote Connection to SAPProject Preparation Phase.-------------SAP Router1. Create message to SAP along with your SAP Router [Hostname], IP Address and Customer Number(SAP Router need not to be installed on Solution Manager /DEV/ QAS/ PRD. It can be installed on anydesktop, but it is advised to install on SOLMAN system to ensure that it is monitored periodically.Cust Number : When we buy SAP we will be provided with the customer number..SAR SAP Archive.CAR - Compressed ArchiveKernel comes with .SAR only[Global Host] - DB - Central Instance Dialogue InstanceUsrsap2. SAP responds with Distinguished name.3. Create SAP Router directory and copy the executables from exeucNTi386 or download from themarket place. (www.service.sap.com/swdc) copy only SAPCAR.exe, SAPROUTER.exe and NIPPING.exe4. Download the Cryptography files from Market place related to OS and bit version (Download *.SARfiles)5. Uncar the files into SAPRouter directory6. sapgenpse......... executable used to generate the personal security environment.SAPROUTETAB is a file (without any extension) used to have ACL (Access Control List) S - Secure; P -Permit; D - Deny; K -SNC (Secure network connection)7. Generate the certificate using distinguished "DN" name with executable SAPGENPSE.8. Copy and Paste certificate from Begin to End the market place url /Saprouter-SNCADD 115. 1159. Request a certificate from the market place copy into srcert.10. Import the certificate into router system using SAPGENPSE11. Start the router using command saprouter -r -k "DN"12. Goto SMP ---- Report
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Error --- Connect to SAP Select the system - Maintain System Data -- Download service connector -- Maintain Routerdetails ------- Start service connector -- Open connection by selecting the service---- Specify no ofdays and hours. Similarly maintain all the other systems in the landscape. Inform SAP to connect toour systems.13. On each backend system we need to maintain the RFC details in OSS1 Transaction. It will updateSAPOSS RFC Connection.SAPOSS, SAP-OSS, SAPSNOTE are created on communicating with the Market Place.---------------------------------------------ST02 continuation.Used to monitor the buffer swaps on the Application Server/ InstanceLRU - Least Recently used.Buffer swaps occurs when there are no sufficient directories or space. When more swaps occur theyare displayed on ST02 in swaps column.Analysis: Identify the buffer areas whose swaps/ Database access are more.BUFFER SWAPS indicate the following1. No Sufficient space or directories2. The content is frequently modified3. Mass transportation of objects4. The configured buffers are small5. During the restart and when support packages are applied and when upgrade is performed.Do no take any decisions based on the readings on a specific day. Analysis has to be carried out ifthere are atleast 10,000 requests.BUFFER HIT RATIO. 116. 116SAP recommends this value to be around 98%{For every 100 request 2 request goes to database and the remaining should be from the buffers}Key areas that effect the performance are program buffers, table buffers and Table and Fielddefinitions. Change the program buffer using ABAP/ buffer_size to a maximum of 600 MB on 32 bitMachines.Remaining parameters based on SAP recommendation from RZ11.TABLE BufferingSAP stores the content in tables (Every data except start and stop logs is stored in DATABASE, noprog/ no data is available in the file system)There are four types of Buffering1. FULL Buffering2. Generic Buffering3. Single Record Buffering4. No BufferingThis is maintained for each table SE13 refer USR02 Table.1. Full Buffering: The tables which are frequently used and rarely modified are eligible for buffering.(Also which are small in size)Eg: T000 have all the clients and required to create a client copy. (This is fully buffered)2. Generic Buffering: Tables which are relatively large, frequently used, rarely modified using a set ofkeys (Fields)Eg: USR02; T001 Company info3. Single Record Buffering: The tables which are large in size, frequently used and rarely modifiedare buffered using a primary key.4. No Buffering: The tables which are large frequently used, and frequently modified are not eligiblefor buffering.. VBAK (SALES), EKKO (PURCHASE)BUFFER SYNCHRONIZATION When more than one application server is configured then buffers between different instancesmay not be synchronized. In order to synchronize buffers set the parameter 117. 117 Rdisp/ buffermode = Send on; exec auto. Rdisp/ buffertime = 60 Sec.Mechanism1. User1 request to APP1 for update Sales order to Rs. 500 @ 10:00:012. User2 request to APP2 for update the same sales order to Rs.550 @ 10:00:203. User3 request APP1 for display @ 10:00:40WP will ask DDLOG table to check for recent update within 60 Sec. (DDLOG is a buffer synchronizationtable).If there is any change then it will fetch from DB and swap out the buffer. IF there are no updatesfetches the same from APP1 Buffer. If the content is requested after 60 Seconds, by that time it will besynchronized between APP1 and APP2.DDLOG is a synchronization between instances and maintain TIMESTAMPNote: DB13, DB02, DB buffer.Refer - All the programs are stored in TADIR,TSTC, T001, EO70, SE01All the programs is in Uncompiled mode in TADIR table.SGEN - Compiles the programs 14-Aug-09ST04 DB PERFORMANCE MONITOR - SQL server performance analysis. It is used to display the database buffer hit ratio. It isrecommended that it should not be less than 94% i.e. for every hundred reads only 6 should goes tothe database. - Database hit ratio comes down below 94% then consider the following. 118. 1181. Frequent updates on the database2. DB Buffer size is not sufficient to hold the content fetched from the database.It is calculated by using formulae[ Logical reads - Physical Reads]/ Logical Reads * 100Logical Reads is the sum of [Physical reads and Buffer Reads] (Buffer Gets/ Reads)FROM ST04Physical Reads: The reads from the database.If the buffer hit ratio comes down it effects on the DB response time.Ensure that DB Buffers are configured as per the available memory. Some times complete memory willbe dedicated to DB Buffers.ST06 OSMONITORIt Fetches the data using service SAPOSCOL and it displays CPU Utilization, Memory Utilization anddisk response time.The CPU idle time should not be less than 30% [For Portal up to 80% to 85%]If it is below 30% we can consider the following.1. The ABAP programs are expensive with multiple conditions and endless loops.2. The CPU is not sufficient to handle the load because the hardware is not procured as per sizing.Probably the hardware is procured as per sizing but the number of users grown dynamically (300-600). In this scenario we advice to deploy additional instances.3. If the programs are expensive then refer to development team. It also displays the memory installed on the machine, Memory available(Free) along with theSWAP space. Ensure that physical memory free is available to handle the user requests. If notmemory bottleneck. It is also used to start and stop SAPOSCOL (during Upgrades)Note: OSCOL brings the operating system information into ST06. If OSCOL is not started ST06 will beblank. 119. 119We can check TOP CPU utilization for the current in the last 24 Hrs.LAN CHECK BY PING is used to ping to all the systems in the Network/ Landscape.If a user complaints that he could not connect to the server (Ping to the desktop) 120. 120Click on Presentation ServerST07 Used to identify whether the system is optimally designed or not.Say for Eg: from the below screen.Users are 9944 and the WP are 27 so each WP serves 5-10 Users so 27*10 = 270Here users are including Active and Inactive Users. 121. 121Ask the customer to provide the list of Active users.Each work process serves around 5-10 Users. Calculate the number of Process Vs Users to determineno of Users/ Process.Based on the number of servers we can also define logon load balancing. It is also used to identify thememory utilized.This is also used to identify Response time and Buffers Utilization.AL11 : List the SAP Directories on Application Server.ST11: It is used to display the work directory. It displays the log files related to work process.ST01 and ST05Used to trace the following1. RFC Trace2. Buffer Trace Available in ST01 and ST053. Enqueue Trace4. SQL Trace5. Authorization Trace Only in ST016. Kernel Trace1. When the RFC/ CPIC time are going beyond threshold value then switch on RFC Trace.2. When more buffer swaps occurs in the table buffering ST02. Switch on Buffer Trace. 122. 1223. Enqueue Trace: When the enque or enque wait time is increasing by 5 M.Sec on CI(CentralInstance) 100 M.Sec on Dialogue instance (Consider switching enqueue trace)4. When there are too many expensive SQL Statements which are increasing the database responsetime in ST04 then switch on SQL Trace. (Identify those statements in ST04)Eg. Select * from can be fine tuned by using select single * from with appropriate where
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conditions.ST04 > Detailed > Oracle Session > SQL Statements.5. Authorization Check: Whenever user encounters missing authorizations and could not be traced inSU53 can be traced out by switching the trace on User.6. Kernel Trace: Used to identify the consistency of Kernel. It records all the calls that are made tokernel when the trace is ON.Note: Do not switch on the traces when they are not required. It will populate enormous log files andoccupies the complete disk place and system stands still. As a practice switch on the trace and informthe user to run the transaction. Switch Off the trace.RC=0 (Return Code)Note: Tuning is not testing we need enormous analysis and data to justify the conclusion. 17-Aug-09IMPLEMENTATION OF SAPPreRequisites1. Motivation of SAP for an ERP Software2. Landscape Deployment Plan3. Hardware Sizing4. Hardware and Software Order5. Installation of the Software6. Post Installation Steps7. User management8. Router ------ Remote connection to SAP9. Landscape Configuration10. Transport Management11. Testing Strategy 123. 12312. Go Live Strategy13. Parallel Run14. Go-Live15. Support - Phase1. MOTIVATION OF SAP FOR AN ERP 1.1. Customer wanted to deploy an application that suites to his requirements by replacing theexisting software due to the following reasons. 1. The existing Hardware is old and the response times are high. 2. The software is out of maintenance with no updates, or with no company (CompanyBankrupt/ Merger etc.) 3. The customer could not be competitive in the market due to the legacy methods deployed B1 - C++ No ABAP, BASIS, NW 4. The existing software is not capable to communicate with other systems 5. The software is not user friendly to take the user inputs. 6. It cannot communicate with print, fax, sms, paging devices. 7. Too many legacy systems, too little integration, manual inputs, monitoring are the variousissues with the current software.Customer enquires in the market and calls for the Auditors to identify the software, hardware and theImplementer.Delloite, Bearing Point, KPBG, PWC (Price Water Coupons) are the auditors to identify therequirements in the company. They define the pain points of every business user owner anddocument them.Example:- The software should be installed on all the operating systems and databases.- The GUI should be compatible, user friendly, ergonomically designed, colors, fonts, languages,password change.- The software should be unicoded language to support all the languages.- The software should support (Online, Offline, incremental, partial, table level backup)- The software/ Hardware should support mirroring, RAID, clustering, Disaster Recovery, Restore etc.- The software should support Mobile devices, Email, Fax, SMS, Pager, PDA etc.Note: ATP Server - Available to Promise -----> Ware House.Issue --- Description ---- Possible/ Not Possible/ Customizable/ If customizable Amount of effort. 124. 124These requirements list will be floated as RFQ feasibility of software.SAP is Strong in Manufacturing, Weak in Retail } Tcode-SFW5(Switch Framework)SA38 - GETSYSDEF- These list will be submitted to Oracle Apps, NAVISION, Hyperion, Peoplesoft, Seibel (CRM)implementing partners.Note: Toughly Coupled/ HardlyPreparatory costs has to be borne by vendorsTDMS - Test Data Migration ServerQASPRE PRODSANDDEV/ CUST/ GOLDENUNIT TESTINGINTEGRATIONPAYROLL/ TDMS 8TRAININGPRE PRODPROD- Customer decides software with the help of feasibility reports and assistance from auditors.- Customer calls for quotation to implement SAPThis is the first official document released to implement SAP.- Support partners like IBM, TCS, WIPRO, MAHINDRA submits the proposal. They can also raisequestions in the form of RFI (Request for Information) 18-Aug-09------------------C:pfsapinst_instdirERPsystemORAcentralASEnsure that there should not be any .bck files while reinstalling the SAPRefer: sapfans.com; sapconsultant.com; sapbasis.comAuditor gather info from - Business partner owners - Software Vendors. 125. 125RFQ - Request for Quotation (Released by customers)RFI - Request for information------------------It can contain as follows1. Module specific questions2. Technical questions related to Hardware, Desktops, Routing, Access, VPN, Backup, Disaster,Recovery etc.3. Risk and mitigation---------------1. Project Implementation Methodology2. Process3. Company Strengths4. Financial Background and Share Value5. Past Projects and experience in that area6. Average man power experience going to be deployed7. Case studies and customer references8. Implementation of solution manager (Provides Roadmap, Business Scenarios, Documentation(Upload, Download) etc.9. Certifications (CMMI - Capability Maturity Model, SIX SIGMA, Sap Partnership)10. Challenges in the project, risks and mitigations11. AssumptionsBased on the above proposal customer and audit team shortlist the two or three software vendors(IBM, TCS, WIPRO etc) - Implementation Partners and call them for Interview (technical discussions) toexhibit their capabilities.Based on 4th and 7th vendor will be finalized to implement SAPNote: External Security Routing Switching Proxy Firewall Internal Security 126. 126Authenticating Authorized users is Internal Security.Project Costing:1. Number of hours required/ No of Man days/ No of Man Months2. Cost of the Man hours/ Man Days/ Man Months Offshore 20-30$ 160-240$ Onsite 60-100$ 1000$ 20000$3. Project can be a fixed bid let us say 2,00,000 (i.e. @ Million Dollars for completion all inclusive(Fares, accommodation, staff, Replacement, Holidays, vacations, sick etc).Payment will be released in Parts ---- Project Start 10%, Blue print - 20% Realization - 20%, FinalPreparation - 20%, Go-Live - 30%.4. Let us say the Project Manager is SAP. We need to provide manpower to SAP to implement @customer site. Eg. SAP Project bidder is SAP for 28 Crores in Singareni Collories ... They out sourced toSeal Infotech for training and implementation.5. Critical Tasks are based on Man days/ Man HoursExample : Disaster Recovery 1. Fixed Bid 2. Time and Material (T&M) 3. Resource Based 4. Activity Based (Try to include Wait time)The scope of work needs to be defined properly before sign-on. If SOW is not defined properly, it isvendor responsibility.Risks and mitigations has to be clearly stated in the SOW.Delay in Software, Hardware requirements from customers are to be documented. 19-Aug-09II. LANDSCAPE DEPLOYMENT PLAN1. RFQ and RFI (Customer and Vendor)2. RFP (Customer and Vendor)3. SOW and Project Award (Customer and Vendor)4. Landscape Deployment......... (Basis Consultant)Landscape Deployment Plan: 127. 127 It consists of the number of systems that are going to be deployed in the customerdata center. It may serve the customer as an overview of the SAP systems. But exact number ofsystems will be known only after the Hardware sizing 1 CPU / 2 Parallel Process By default 3 Parallel Process.III. HARDWARE SIZINGIt is an exercise carried out by Basis consultant with the help of the customer business processowners, Project Manager and Hardware vendors (IBM, HP, SUN, DELL). It is used to determine theCPUs, Storage (Hard disks) and Memory.SAP Provides quick sizing toll (http://service.sap.com/sizing)Goto> Sizing tool > Click on Quick sizerIt will be opened on new windowProvide customer number, Provide Project name and create a Project for sizing.1. Provide Customer details to SAP (Name of the contact, Email Id, FAX)2. Platform and communications3. OS,
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DB, Mirroring, RAID, CLUSTERING Standby server or do you need any suggestions.Note: Legacy database size (get the details from customer what amount of data they are planning tomigrate into SAP, Example Customer Database size is 400GB but they want to migrate 250GB into SAP(Customer, Vendor, Supplier, Material, Address, FI Transactions)High Availability options (Time of Availability)These are the general details that are required for sizing.Load On the System:Users work on the system on various modulesMM - LogisticsSD - Sales 128. 128FI - Financial40% More to the sizing result.SAPs - SAP Application Benchmark for Performance Standards)It is calculated in terms of Hardware vendors provide CPU in terms of the CPUsEg. IBM P Series generates 800 SAPs/ CPU.Note:----------------------------IBM - DB2 [AIX O/s - DB2 Database]; I Series V5R4 DB2]SAP - MAXDBOracleSQL Server - MicrosoftP Series, X Series (I Series V5R4) is the O/sClustering (Mechanism : PING PONG)DD02L - ALL Sap tables will be stored65,611SQL>Select bname, mandt from SAPSR3.USR02;SAPSR3 - Database schema ownerSAPSR3DB - JAVA------------------------------ 21-Aug09Sizing is performed by quick sizer which is proprietary by quick sizer which is proprietary tool of SAP.Sizing is based on the following.1. High Availability2. Type of Users3. Modules used1. High Availability 1. RAID1 Mirroring (1:1) on disk goes down other should take over. 2. RAID5 - (5 Disks---- Util -4; 1 Spare/ Parity) 129. 1293. SAN - Storage Area Network4. Backup - SAN5. If disaster occurs ------ Setup DR Server in a different geographical location6. If the connectivity fails ...... buy more leased lines from different vendors7. If the existing server collapses -- due to power cable --- multicables -- UPS -- etc -- GeneratorNetwork Cable --- More than one cableCPUs -- Multiple CPUSMemory - Hosted on Multiple slotsDISK - RAID and SAN8. If the complete system collapses due to hardware failure use clustering -- Two Parallel systems(Used for failover or Load balancing)Eg. IBM P-SeriesUnless unlocked by IBM we cannot make use of the additional Hard DisksNote: For Upgrade - Sizing Capacity - SizingModule Selection: Select the modules that are going to be implemented likeLogistics, Financials, Product life cycle Management (Currently HR is not going to be implementedbut, there is a plan to implement in future, If it before three years consider HR in sizing if not. 130. 1301. User - 480 Dialogue Steps with the system - 40 HRS * 60 Mins1Dialogue Step - 40*60/480 = 5 Min = 300 Sec2. 480 - 4800 Dialogue Steps - 40 Hrs - 30 Sec3. 480 - 14400 - 40 Hrs - 10 SecsEg. Purchase Order / Week - 200 * 10 Dialogue Steps = 2000. 22-Aug-09Service Desk > 1.Need to activate some services 2. SICF 3. Execute 4. Default Host - SAP - Public - bsp - SAP - htmlb RT Click > Activate ServiceNote: This should be done as Post Installation StepsSPRO > SAP Solution Manager > General ConfigurationActivating BC Sets (BCBusiness Configuration)Tcode: scpr20> From End user systemIf any one stuck @ point executing a command SM59 > Help > Create Mssg.Component BC-MID-RFC Test LowTest -- TKT No: 008000000001 The Strategy is to migrate/ upgrade the hardware for every three years. The sizing is based on1. High Availability 131. 1312. Modules and3. No of usersAlong with legacy database and future growth of usersUser Low Medium HighFI 50 250 250CO 50 250 250The sizing is also called as T-Shirt sizing which determines your servers as (S, XS, M, L, XL, XXL) Sizingoutput determines the memory, storage and CPU in terms of Saps.SAPS is ( SAP APPLICATION BENCHMARK FOR PERFORMANCE STANDARDS)SAPS are calculated based on Sales module. SAP assumes that a sales order/ Purchase orderconsumes around 8-12 Dialogue steps. For every 2000 sales documents that are generated per hourrequires 100 SAPS. CPU cannot be arrived directly because the process speed depends upon the hardware vendor.(The hardware vendor determines the CPU Size based on SAPS example an ISeries machine singleCPU generates 800 SAPS.If the sizing output requires 3200 SAPS then we need 4 CPUs.The Hardware resources are required for the following which needs to be considered while sizing1. OS2. Database3. Interfaces (Like Fax, Email, SMS, Pager etc.)4. Printers5. Third party communication (Batch processing etc)So we can consider adding 30-50% to the sizing results.IV. HARDWARE ORDER1. Customer calls the RFQ from various vendors to supply hardware.- Based on companies stability, consistency, reliability, past experience, case studies, price and support(warranty)...- Hardware vendors take 3 weeks to 4 weeks to deliver based on the availability of the hardware.HP ships from Singapore, Philippines and MalaysiaIBM ships from USV. ORDERING SAP SOFTWARE 132. 132ISUSER (INDIAN SAP USER FORUM)ASUSER(AMERICAN SAP USER FORUM)Communicate with SAP vendor (Channel Partners) and purchase the license.License is a single user based. i.e. If we buy one license we can access ... ERP, SRM, BI, PI, EP, SolutionManager, MI etc.)SCM. SRM CRM are charged Separately.If we buy MYSAP business suite then all comes under one license.* There is no lock for licensed users in the system. We can buy 100 Users and used for 10,000 Users.* Every year we need to run USMM and send the report to SAP.License Cost varies based on Geographical LocationMySAPFI - Oracle AppsMySAPSCM - PeoplesoftMySAPCRM - SiebleEach license cost 2000 USDEach Developer Cost 4000 USDAfter negotiation in Indian Market the Single user cost comes to 40,000 to 1,00,000 depending uponnumber of users.For 40,000 we should have atleast 150-200 Users for 10+1 cost 18 Lakhs.---------------------------Note:Heap Memory - Part of the Physical Memory (RAM Memory)Physical Memory - RAMVirtual Memory - Part of the Memory from the Hard diskBufferBin - Points to the target systemBIN contains default.pflSAP_BC_ADMIn S_Transports CTS_AdminDisp+exe ( PING, Etc Entry, Any Kernel upgrade has been done (DEV_DISP.log)--------------------------- 27-Aug-09 133. 133BASIS- It provides runtime environment for SAP Applications.- 2.0 is based on two tier which is built on Mainframes.- 3.0 onwards and upto 3.1I it is based on three tier and web services are provided by using ITS.4.0; 4.5A, 4.5B- 4.6 A, B, C and D is kernel versions(Mining, Textile, Chemical, Oil, Utilities, Real Estates, baking, Insurance... etc.)SAP determined to bring all the components on to a common platform and introduced SAP WebApplication Server (WAS)The first version of WAS is 620 (A direct jump from 4.6D)On 620 ....... ERP Version is 4.7EOn 620 ........BW version is 3.1COwner of the Database- SAPSR3........... Upto BASIS 4.6C 4.6D is the Kernel Version.- SAP<SID> ..... from WEBAS 620 to 640It provides built in ITS to make application server as WEB Application Server.- SAPSR3 from WEBAS 700It is a Netweaver (640...... 700...........710).Next Level of WAS is 640ERP - ECC 5.0BW - 3.5SCM - 4.0CRM - 4.02.0, 3.0, 3.1 are BW Versions2.0, 3.0, APO are SCM Versions2.0, 3.0, SRM are SRM VersionsXI - 3.0EP - 6.0 134. 134Next level of WAS is 700ERP - ECC6.0BW - BI7.0EP - EP7.0XI - PI7.0SRM - 5.0CRM - 5.0Install ABAP(CI, DBI), JAVA add on. Install Central System Installation (Select Usage type duringInstallation)R/3 Setup is used to install SAP upto Versions Basis 4.6CSAPINST introduced in WEB Application Server 620-640. Interactive SAPINST is to modify the inputsmove front and back to review the inputs introduced in
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WAS700.BASIS only Non-UnicodeFrom SAPWEBAS 640 unicode is introduced.Run directory is used to host executables of kernel upto 640 where as OS version (NTI386, AMD64,IA64) with UC/ NUC is available in version 700.OLD: The database table spaces are 27 which ends with D(Data) and I(Index)..[SAPR3] owner.From 620The database contains only 6 tablespaces(Physical Location) in 640 owner is SAP<SID>PSAP<SID>PSAP<SID>USRPSAP<SID>RELSYSTEMPSAPROLL(PSAPUNDO)PSAPTEMPSQL> Select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces.The database contains only 8 tablespaces in 700. Owner is SAPSR3 for ABAP engine and SAPSR3DB isfor JAVA Engine.SYSTEM - Database RelatedPSAPUNDO - For Roll BackSYSAUX - From Oracle Log for Administration 135. 135PSAPTEMP - Temp Storage MemoryPSAPSR3 - Component SpecificPSAPSR3700 - Version SpecificPSAPSR3USR - USER RELATED InfoPSAPSR3DB - JAVA Specific DBGUI Versions46C46D620640700710Based on Windows and JAVASQL> select username from DBA_USERS; Database Users (DDIC and SAP* are SAP Users resides in USR02 Table)SQL> select count(*) from DBA_USERS where owner = SAPSR3; 17476SQL> select count(*) from SAPSR3.DD02L; 65611SQL> select count(*) , owner from DBA_USERS group by owner;Eg. [CDCLS] Cluster Table.The difference is because of --19,xxx 65xxxComponents: BASIS BASIS+ERP 31-Aug-09DATABASEIt is a storage. It is used to store the data in the hard disk. 136. 136We can also store the data in terms of file system like test.txt, test.pdf, test.doc, test.rtf, test.xls,test.ppt, test.ppsDisadvantage of the file system1. The data is not in the organized format.2. There are no indexes to search the data.3. The data does not follow the LUW concept and so it is not consistent and reliable.4. The version management will be difficult and time consuming to get the required/ identify the file.5. The backup management and reorganization is not available.These are the reasons for the evolution of DB.Database: Used to store the data in the organized format and it has to follow RDBMS rules (RelationalDatabase Management System)- Data is stored in terms of tables (Tables contain rows and columns). Columns are headers and rowsare the data.- Duplication of data is avoided and uniqueness is obtained by using primary andsecondary keys.- Data search is faster by using indexes (based on Keys)Eg: As in windows we can create as many folders and subfolders with the same name and the searchcriteria depends on the search string.C:shawnshawnshawn.......Database has its own structure to manage the data using the database specific binaries and libraries. Oracle/bin; mssql/bin; db2/bin; Oracle/lib; mssql/lib; db2/lib;- Database provides tools for backup management, reorganization, restore and recovery- Databases follow RDBMS rules to achieve consistency, reliability and transaction LUW.LUW - LOGIC UNIT OF WORK.It consists of one or more transactions that are bundled together which can be committed as a groupor rollback without any data loss. 137. 137RFQ(Approved) - Sales OrderPurchase Req - FI Dept (Approval) - Purchase Order - Tenders (Contractors)(Eg: Purchase Order, Sales Order, Invoice, GR(Goods Receipt), GI (Goods Issued) AP (AccountPayables), AR (Account Receivables)- Data is normalized and denormalised according to the requirements of the customer.NORMALIZATIONProcess of splitting up the larger tables into smaller tables using primary keys and secondary keys...ERP(ECC6), SRM.Databases are normalized.DENORMALIZATIONProcess of grouping smaller tables into larger tables for having data comprehensively available foranalysis and reporting BIW.[SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, MODIFY, DELETE]Scenario User requests for weekly status report.1. User submits the request.2. Request is handled by dispatcher3. Keeps the request in Queue4. Based on the available processes requests are served based on FIFO.5. R/3 Work process handles the user request by interpreting the screen elements, program logic(Insert, Modify, Delete, Update)6. The response is fetched from buffers if they are accessed earlier7. If the request is not accessed earlier, the request is converted into Native SQL statements of therespective database.8. R/3 Work process communicates with database process to get the response.9. Database work process checks whether the table exists, if table exists then checks for the fields, ifthe field and table exists, then asks for the optimized path to go to the database table and identifythe relevant rows based on keys/ Indexes (Five 5 Seconday Indexes)10. The data is fetched into Database buffers before the response is sent to R/3 work process.11. R/3 Work process keeps a copy in the R/3 Buffer and response is sent to user. 138. 138 01-Sep-09UPDATE COMMAND1. User request for updating a purchase order/ quotation / Invoice2. The request is received by the dispatcher3. Dispatcher keeps the request in queue based on FIFO4. R/3 Work process handles the request and update the document into temporary tables (cannotupdate the permanent tables because all the LUWs in the transaction has to be completed)5. In the process of updating it will communicate with enqueue and obtain the lock on the documentso that no other user updates it.6. The update request goes to the database.7. Database process handles the request and checks whether table, table definitions and execution(Cost based optimizer) path are valid.8. All the update requests goes to the database and lock the record in the database so that no userupdate it.9. Database process keeps a copy of the record in roll back segment PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO tablespace to roll back in case of CRASH/ System Failure.10. Gets the record to database buffer for modification (No record is modified in the databasedirectly)11. As the database buffers need to be accessed by user modifications are not performed in DBBuffers instead in log buffers. Eg. Consider a pan shop Customer - Cigarette Paper - Accounts bookLog buffers are a small area around 1Mb - 4 Mb. As the log buffer is small the content is moved in toRedo logs periodically.Redo logs are duplexed (Mirror logs and Orig Logs) and ensure that the data is updated in thedatabase.12. The committed data is updated into database13. The locks are released and rollback gets invalidated.Note: Committed data can be updated or Redo.14. User gets the response that the record is updated.ORACLE Oracle is a database that is used by 2/3rd of SAP Customers. In order to support SAPCustomers it is mandatory to know the database management. Oracle is provided by Oracle Corporation which owns (PeopleSoft, Seibel, JDEdwards,and other small softwares to compete with SAP. 139. 139 Oracle is a proven, well spoken among customers, strong, reliable, consistent, robustdatabase to handle any amount of data in Terra bytes. Microsoft SQL Server from Microsoft, DB2 from IBM and SAPDB(MAXDB) from SAPshares the remaining 1/3rd of SAP Customers.Versions Oracle has versions of databaseSAP License is costlier on Oracle than any other combinations.SAP R/3 4.6C 8.1.7R/3 4.7 and ECC5.0 9.2.0.2; 9.2.0.4; 9.2.0.6; 9.2.0.7ECC6.0 10.2.0.2.0; 10.2.0.2.4Linux - SAPDB (MAXDB) is the cheapest combination. 140. 140 DATABASE ARCHITECHTUREConnection Mechanism (refer dev_<SID>.old)1. R/3 Work process loads all the DB Libraries.2. DB_Connect to connect to database using client version3. Users OPS$ User to connect to database and get the password of the SAPSR3 User.
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141. 141OPS$ Mechanism It is a mechanism which is used by operating system users to connect to the database withoutany password. All the work processes uses OPS$<SID>ADM to connect to the database without anypassword. OPS$<SID>ADM is the user who owns the table SAPUSER and contains the SCHEMA OWNERSAPSR3 user and password.SQL>Select table_name from dba_tables where owner = OPS$WILLSYS99NWDADM;WP ------> SAPUSER (Table) USERID | PWD OPS$-User | XXXRelogin with the above user and passwordDisconnect from the DB and reconnect using SAPSR3 userid and password to get complete access.SAPSR3 is the Schema/ DB Owner for SAP Database. As the processes are able to access the completedatabase related to schema owner, SAP restricts the access by using internal security.USER Request Flow/ Display1. User uses SAP GUI to perform a transaction.2. User request is handled by the dispatcher.3. Dispatcher keeps the request in Queue4. Based on available resources a process is allocated to user requests based on FIFO.5. WP task handler interpret the user request.6. Check the content is available in R/3 buffers.7. Communicate with Oracle Client to communicate with DB in native language.8. R/3 Work process handovers the task to database shadow process (1:1 Ratio between R3WP:DBWP)9. DB Shadow process checks the task contains valid table and field definitions. IF the table/ Fielddefinition does not exists gets a copy from the database and update the DB Cache/ LIB Cache.10. DB Shadow checks if any SQL Execution plan exists. If not it builds the plan based on cost basedoptimizer and update SQL Cache.11. DB Shadow checks if the requested content exist in DB Buffer if not fetch the content fromdatabase and updates DB Buffer.12. The response is handover to R/3 Work Process.13. R/3 Work process checks if it is eligible for buffering then keeps a copy in R/3 buffers. 142. 14214. Response is sent to the user.Refer init<SID>.ora fileSYSTEM GLOBAL AREA is the sum of Shared pool, DB buffers and log buffersSHARED POOLIt is defined by shared_pool_size which is a part of SGA (System Global Area)It contains DBCACHE and LIBCACHE and they are nothing but parsed SQL Statements,Authorizations, Table and Field definitions and packages. Each query/ request should pass through this area...DB BUFFER : Used to store the content that is accessed from the database. It is used to reduce thehits on the database there by reducing the load on the database. Its quality is measured by databasebuffer hit ratio. In general for an optimized database the ratio should be not less than 94%.From ST04 - [Logical Reads Physical Reads/ Logical Reads] * 100i.e. Out of 100 request 6 requests goes to the database.DB Buffer is used to store the data until its size is full (or) the content gets invalidated by a change orleast recently used. It is defined by a parameter db_block_buffers.SQL> select name, bytes/1024/1034 "MB" from V$sgastat where pool....Its size is defined by multiplying by 8kb because each block size is 8 kb.SQL> show SGALOG BUFFER: It is used to perform the data manipulations by database work process. Every requestthat needs modification/ update / delete has to be performed only in this area. It is defined by theparameter log_buffer generally its size varies between 1MB to 4MB. It should not be too big or toosmall.SYSTEM/ SHARED GLOBAL AREA: It is a memory area which resides purely on memory and it is lostwhen the system is stopped.SGA is lost the complete cache information is lost. It takes time to build SGA when system is startedthat is why the system is slow after a restart.ORACLE PROCESSES1. Shadow Process 143. 1432. Background Process/ Server ProcessSHADOW PROCESS These are used to handle the user requests. They perform the task assigned by an R/3WP. They called as shadow processes because they perform the task non-interactively. These are alsocalled as User processes (In Oracle Terms) The process are established at the rate of 1:1 during the startup of SAP system.BACKGROUND/ SERVER PROCESS These are non-interactive to R/3 Processes. These are initiated by system basedon requirement.LOG WRITERMechanism a) R/3 work process submits the request for an update. b) Shadow process handles the update by locking in the database c) It takes a backup of PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO to roll back to the original state ifthe update is cancelled or abrupt. d) The record is fetched into DB Buffer for allowing selection. e) A copy of the record is taken to log buffer for modification f) the data/ record is modified in log buffer. This cannot be kept for long in thelog buffer as the log buffer size is small.LOGWRITE (LGWR) is used to write the committed data into Redo log files (Origlog A, Origlog B,Mirrorlog A, B) from log buffer.This is the first place where a record is written to the disk to ensure that committed changes are notlost. To ensure the disk consistency log writer writes into Origredolog and Mirrorredolog files (Bothresides on two different physical disks).When the data is committed System Change Number is generated to ensure the faster commitmechanism. Log writer writes the commit into Redo log files but when the size of Redo log file is fullsize 50MB. It will perform Log Switch.LOG SWITCHIt is a process of switching between RedologA to RedologB and Mirror Logs A to Bi.e. when RedologA is full it is closed for writing and RedologB is opened for writing. 144. 144There will be only one process.The log writer process writes data from the redo log buffers to the redo log files on the disk.The writer is activated under the following conditions1. When a transaction is committed2. Every 3 Seconds3. When the redo log buffer is 1/3rd full or 1MB of committed.4. When DBWR signals the writing of redo records to disk.The log writer must always be running for an instance. 02-Sep-09(Note: If the buffer size is more no updates will happen. The DB WP waits till the buffer total memorygets utilized and then updates the DB)SYSTEM/ SHARED GLOBAL AREA It is a memory area which resides purely on memory and it is lost when the system is stopped.i.e. SGA is lost the complete cache information is lost. It takes time to build SGA when system isstarted that is why the system is slow after a restart.ORACLE PROCESSESS1. Shadow Processes2. Background/ Server ProcessShadow Processes These are used to handle the user requests. They perform the task assigned by an R/3 WP.They are called as Shadow Processes because they perform the task non-interactively. These are calledas User Processes (In Oracle Terms).Background or Server Processes These are non-interactive to R/3 Processes. These are initiated by system based on therequirement.1. LOG WRITER 145. 145Mechanism1. R/3 Work process submits request for an update.2. Shadow process handles the update by locking in the database3. It takes a backup of PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO to roll back to the original if the update is cancelled orabrupt.4. The record is fetched into DB Buffer for allowing selection.5. A copy of the record is taken to log buffer for modification6. The data/ record is modified in Log BufferThis cannot be kept for long in the log buffer as the log buffer size is small.* Log Writer is used to write the committed data into Redolog files (OriglogA, OriglogB, MirrorlogA,B) from log buffer.This is the first place where a record is written to the disk to ensure that committed changes are notlost. To ensure the disk consistency log writer writes into Origredolog and Mirrorredolog files (Bothresides on two different physical disks).When the data is committed SYS Change number is generated to ensure the faster commitmechanism log writer (LGWR) writes the commits in to Redolog files but when the Redolog file is full)size 50MB. It will perform log switch.LOG SWITCH It is a process of
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switching between Redolog A to Redolog B and Mirror Logs A and Bi.e. When Redolog A is full it is closed for writing and Redolog B is opened for writing.There will be only one process.The Log writer process writes data from the redolog buffers to the redolog files on the disk.The Writer is activated under the following conditions1. When a transaction is committed2. Every 3 Seconds3. When the redolog buffer is 1/3 full or 1MB of committed.4. When DBWR signals the writing of redo records to diskThe log writer must always be running for an instance. 03-Sep-09 146. 146The Content of OriglogA, OriglogB, MirrorlogA, MirrorlogB ... (Redolog files) gets filled and needto move to other location. If it is not moved.1. Redolog files gets filled and does not have space to write the content from log buffer.When log buffer cannot write the content then log buffer gets filled and subsequently the updatemechanism gets halted. so, the redo log files needs to write to an alternative location immediately oncethey get filled.When Redologs are fullARCH ProcessDuring the log switch OriglogA gets filled for writing and OriglogB is opened for writing. The contentsof OriglogA will be written to ORAARCH directory (Provided archieve_log_mode is set to true). Thecontents are written by ARCH from RedologA to ORAARCH and RedologA is ready to be written byLOGWR. Similarly RedologB.DBWR (Database Writer)The content that needs to be updated is fetched into DB Buffer for selection. A copy is made to LOGBuffer for updation. Once the content is updated in Log Buffer it marks the content in Database Bufferas Dirty buffers and not eligible for selection.DBWR is triggered in the following circumstances[ORACLE RAM] = SGA1. When the request comes to access the dirty buffer content.2. When ever a check point occurs (It writes based on system change number SCN)Note: Every select statement hits the database and brings the data to DB Buffers. All the updates willbe done from Logbuffers.SQL> select sequence # from V$ARCHIVED_LOG;CKPT - Check Point 147. 147It is used to ensure that system is consistent.download.oracle.com/docs/cd/310501_01/server.920 /a96524/C09procs.htm#21919It updates the headers of all datafiles to record the details of the checkpoint.It triggers DBWR/ LGWRSMON SYSTEM MONITORUsed to ensure the Oracle database is consistent and reliable.In case of system crash/ abnormal termination SMON reads the online redologs and redo the changesto database and also reads the PSAPUNDO to roll back the changes. The system monitor process(SMON) performs recovery, if necessary at instance startup. It triggers during the system startup andensure that system is started.PMON PROCESS MONITORUsed to monitor the process recovery when a user process (Shadow process) fails. PMON isresponsible for cleaning up the database buffer cache and freeing resources that the user process isusing and release the locks.PMON periodically checks the status of dispatcher and server processes and restarts any that havestopped.- Used to monitor the process (PMON)- Used to start the processes if they are stopped- Release locks- Freeing the resources that were used by user processes.PHYSICAL FILE SYSTEM1. Datafiles : These files are with extension (.dbf). These are used to store the data in the Oraclespecific RDBMS format.2. Control Files: These are used to display the structure of the database into Six different locations. Itis the most important file (Cntrl<SID>.DBF) The location is specified by a parameter control_file. Donot modify the control file manually, the system modifies by itself when ever there are any changes.3. Initialization Files:init<sid>.ora is used to provide the startup parameters for Oracle. 148. 148init<sid>.sap us used to provide the database backup/ restore (brbackup, brarchive, brconnect,brrestore) control parameters.Init<sid>.dba is used to provide authorization to SAPDBA/ BRTOOLS.These are located in Oracle_home/ database(windows)DBS on UNIX.4. Network/ AdminListener.ora Provide Port and the Host Name.Tnsnames.ora - Provide port and the host nameSqlnet.ora - ..... 04-Sep09Special Parameterization files (SPFILE)All the changes that are made requires a reboot of Oracle database. In order to change certainparameters SPFILE is maintained.We need to explicitly create SP file this SP File cannot be edited manuallyE:ORACLEQASI02ADMINOracle StartupWhen Oracle is started the database available for users.CommandsStartup openStartup mountStartup no mount.Oracle contains 3 Modes (4 Including Restrict)1. Startup Nomount : This phase is used to create control files and database. No datafiles aremounted.2. Startup Mount: We can start a DB and mount a database without opening it, allowing us toperform specific maintenance operation.a) Change the archive log mode status3. Startup Restrict: 149. 149 a) Perform an export or import of database data. b) Perform a data load (With SQL * Loader) c) Temporarily prevent typical users from using data d) During certain migration and upgrade operations e) Used during patch applications the database is opened but not allowed i.e. restricted to theabove operations. End uses cannot perform any tasks.4. Startup Open: When DB is started using startup cmd. It reads the init parameters in the followingsequence. 1) SPFILE<SID>.ORA 2) SPFILE.ORA 3) INIT<SID>.ORA 4) INIT.ORAOracle Shutdown1. Shutdown Immediate 05-Sep-09Shutdown Modes1. Shutdown AbortThe database is forcibly shuts down and may not be consistent and requires recovery during startup.SMON ensures that the database is consistent (REDO/ UNDO)All the users who are working on the system gets terminated abruptly and the intermediate data islost. (Which is committed)Not Consistent.2. Shutdown ImmediateThe database is shutdown immediately but all the committed transaction are updated in the databaseand opened transactions are rolled back. No new connections are allowed.Consistent.3. Shutdown Transactional.The database does not allow any new connections, all the committed data is updated 150. 150In the database and opened transactions are only allowed to complete, no new transactions areallowed.Consistent4. Shutdown NormalIt allows the users to complete all the transactions and shut down the database. No new connectionsare allowed but time consuming to stop the database.STORAGEThe database uses file system but organized in the RDBMS concept. The data is stored in terms ofDatabase block size in terms of Datablocks. Each block size is 8KB(8192 Bytes)Block size is determined by parameter DB_BLOCK_SIZE (refer inti<sid>.ora)The two parameters DB_NAME and DB_BLOCK_SIZE should never be modified.Data files are physical files on the file system where data is stored in Datablocks.EXTENTSThese are used to allocate space to a table/ segment to control the growth1. Initial Extents2. Minimum Extents3. Next Extents4. Max ExtentsSegment means (table or Index)Group the blocks to ExtentReorganizing - Utilizing the fragmented space. ............Eg: Req: 150 Next Max Given 200 50 500These table/ Indexes are grouped logically into a tablespace/ Container 151. 151Tablespace is a logical entity which contains related tables/indexes.Oracle provides default tablespace "SYSTEM to manage the database". SAP provides the othertablespaces that starts with naming convention PSAP1. PSAP<SCHEMAID> PSAPDEV2. PSAP<SID>RELEASE PSAPDEV640/ 7003. PSAP<SID>USR PSAPDEVUSR4. PSAPTEMP Temporary Table Space5. PSAPROLL/ PSAPUNDO UNDO Table Space6. SYSAUXSYSAUX is a new tablespace available from version 10g.Tablespace is pointed to physical datafiles.
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Each Tablespace can have one or more datafiles to storethe table data/ Index data.Note: Each datafile is assigned to only one tablespace.Eg: Users are creating purchase orders extensively into the tables EKPO, EKKO and other child tables.These tables are assigned to a tablespace PSAP<SID>. This tablespace is pointing to two datafiles ofsize 4GB each.User encountered an error ORA-1653/ ORA-1654 tablespace over flown and the user could notupdate/ create any more POsThe user could not update the data because the datafiles are filled (or) there is no enough space toallocate for extents.Resolution 152. 152Use BRTOOLS (Backup Recovery Tool) to resize the datafile (or) add a datafile. (Alternatively we canadd using SQL Command)SQL>Alter tablespace (Tablespace Name/ PSAP<SID>) add datafile location and size;EXTENT MANAGEMENTWhen a table or Index is created they are assigned with Min Extent, Init, Next, Max along with thePercentage of Increase. CAP is Max.DMTS - Dictionary Managed TablespacesWhen ever a table is growing it increase it extents i.e. it uses next extents. The free space in theexisting extents is not used there by Fragmentation. It requires database Reorganization.Users encounters an error ORA-1631 and ORA-1632 Max Extents Reached, but there is a tablespace.Use BRTOOLS or SE14 to increase the Extents.Locally Managed Table SpacesDefault table spaces from 10g which manage the extents locally instead of dictionary management.. Itcollase the space that is left in all the extents before allocating an extent. It reduces thefragmentation there by reorganization is not required. SAP recommends to migrate all the dictionarymanaged tablespaces to locally managed before 10g upgrade (Oracle).Similarly PSAPROLL should be migrated to PSAPUNDO before upgrade. 06-Sep-09SQL> select * from dba_tablespace; Select * from dba_users; Select * from dba_tables where table_name like dba%;SAP Tables are stored in DD02LUsers are used to login to the database with various privileges.Select * from dba_users;Select username from dba_users; 153. 153ops$willsys99saservicesr3ops$willsys99saservice<SID>ops$willsys99<sid>admsys - The complete or absolute owner of oracle database server to perform the activities.System Administrative user but cannot be used to create modify the DBSAPSR3 Perform backup, recovery, restore etc.SAPSR3DBDATABASE MONITORINGAs a part of the routine SAP basis checks the following database tasks can also included.Note: Oracle writes all startup logs into alrt<SID>.log which resides in SAPTRACE directory. It is theonly log which can gives us the complete history of database activities.1. Monitor the size of the database to have a detailed capacity planning. Login to SAP system and logthe database growth on daily basis.For Eg. Size in GB1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10200 210 220 230 230 230 250 280 300 350ConclusionThe database is growing at an average of 15GB per/ day.Have a storage of 1 TB = 1024 GBAt the current growth rate of the database can use the storage up to 30 days approximately.We need to check the abnormal growth of the database.Inform the inventory department to order more disks if there is really a DB growth.If we consider 2 Months duration the graph will be like this 154. 154DB02 is used to monitor the disk space, critical objects based on Table spaces.Tables and Indexes MonitorSQL> Select tablespace_name, block_size from dba_tablespace. System 8192 -- -- -- --SQL> select tablespace_name, segment_space_management from dba_tablespace;Segment is nothing but a table or index.BRTOOLS BACKUP RESTORE RECOVERY TOOLThese tools are provided by SAP for Oracle Database.Login as SIDADM on windows or ORASID on UNIX- command BRTOOLSType option 2 for Space management.Option 7 for additional space function.Option 1 show tablespacesContinue 3 times to display the list of table spaces and their growth.DB13 - Tablespace Particular (DBA Planning Calendar)DB12 - Overview for a DatabaseIdentify the tablespaces which are grown more than 90% and add datafiles.Enter choice - 1 (For which tablespace we need to increase the size of datafile)PSAPSR3700 - Press EnterE:oracleSIDsapdata3sr3700_16 155. 155In this path 16 datafiles are there if we increase the tablespace size one more data file is createdcalled sr3700_17SQL> select tablespace_name, blocksize from dba_tablespaces;- Add the datafile or resize datafile before its gets an error message "Tablespace overflow"MISSING INDEXESIdentify the missing indexes in DB02 (which will reduce the performance without proper indexes)Goto DB02 > Diagnostics > Missing Tables and IndexCheck the objects that are missing- For each table we can create 1 Primary Index and 4 Secondary Indexes these are predefined becauseof the huge table growth indexes are missed.- Recreate them- SAP Provides all the indexes (Predefined one(Primary Index) + Four (Secondary Index), we need tocheck if there are any missing indexes and recreate them if required in DB02/SE- Objects which are missing are displayed in Red, select them and create in the database.2. Select the database buffer hit ratio, transaction ST04 - The buffer hit ratio should not be less than 94% - It is calculated based on readsLogical Reads : The number of reads that are made to Database buffer.Physical Reads: The number of reads that are made to Physical Database.Hit Ratio = ((Logical Reads - Physical Reads)/ Logical Reads) * 100 156. 156Physical reads are increasing conclude that the database hits are more.If the ratio is reduced we can conclude that DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS size is not sufficient or there arefrequent updates on the system.DB13We need to check1. DB backup is performed successfully or not2. DB Housekeeping Jobs are running successfully or not (DB Check, Update stats, clear old log files,adapt extents)3. Archive directory is having space4. Offline to Oraarch are scheduled periodically and running fine.SCHEDULE DB BACKUPInit<SID>.sap ---------- Open itChange the parameter valuesBackup_type = disk 07-Sep-09BRTOOLSThese tools are used to manage or monitor the oracle database which are specifically provided bySAP.BRTOOLS reads the parameters from init<SID>.sapIt resides in Oracle_Homedatabase (Windows)In UNIX DBS directoryIt controls the runtime behavior of BRTOOLS.BRTOOLS contains the following Options1. BRCONNECTIt is used to connect to the database and performs various administrative tasks.BRCONNECT - f check ... it is used to check the database and writes the logs into sapcheck directory.Check conditions are described in transaction DB17 which in turn stores the details in DBMSGORAOpen Command Prompt > brconnect -f check 157. 157> brconnect -u system -p <pwd> -f checkbrconnect -f statsUsed to run the database statistics. It identifies the tables whose statistics are outdated and updatesthem. We need to run the DB optimizer once a week. So that all the tables and Indexes where thereare stored will be known to DB Optimizer. It is updated periodically (Weekly). Optimizer is used tocollect the statistics for the tables whose statistics are outdated.Running update statistics improves the performance of the system.(Eg. Friend comes to India from America after 5 years)Cleaning up OLD log filesbrconnect -f cleanupIt is used to clean the old log files from saptrace and sapcheck directorybrconnect -f nextIt is used to adopt the next extents (i.e. Next extents can be increased automatically)These jobs can be scheduled using DBCALENDER (DB13). How ever when these jobs are scheduledBRCONNECT runs in the background.BR-BACKUPBR Backup is used to take backup of the database (Datafiles). When ever a backup is triggered BRBackup is initialized.There are various types of
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backups1. Offline Backup2. Online Backup3. Incremental Backup4. Partial Backup1. Offline Backup (Cold Backup) The database is down during backup and no transaction is allowed as it is down. It isconsistent and reliable.Whole Offline Backup: The backup taken fully and a catalog is opened to start the incrementalbackup. 158. 158Eg: A database is of 2000 GB Which is not possible to take a daily full offline backup with a backupspeed of 150GB/ Hour.Full Offline Backup: It is a complete database backup without any Catalog.Catalog (SUNDAY - The rest will be taken)2. Online BackupThe DB is up and running with out effecting the user transactions. It is consistent and reliable withredo logs that are generating during backup.Whole Online Backup: The backup is taken fully and a catalog is opened to start the onlineincremental backup.Full Online Backup: It is complete database backup with out any catalogs.Online Backup: It is consistent always with redo logs.3. Incremental Backup It is initiated from level0 backup and used when the database size is too big. It can beonline or offline.4. Partial Backup It is taken for a specific table during a patch (Especially HR Patches)Backup type is defined by a parameterBackup_mode = allBackup_type = offlineBackup_dev_type = Tape or DiskBackup_root_dir = H:oracleSIDsapbackupAll the above backups are performed by using brbackup.BR ARCHIVE (initSID.sap) 159. 159It is used to backup the offline redolog file to tape or disk i.e. from ORAARCH directory to tape ordisk.Archive_function = SAVE/ COPY/ DELETEArchive_copy_dir = H:OracleNWDTape_size= 100GVolume_archive=NWDA01...... NWDA30...Reads content from Log Buffer. Log writer writes to OrigLogA and OrigLog B, Mirror Log A, Mirror Log B.When OrigLog A is full it is moved to OrigLog B When OraArch is full it is backed up to a tape or disk.- Archive function means the saving mechanism of log files.- Log writer logs into OriglogA, OriglogB, MirrorLogA, MirrorLogB-When online redo logs are full then Arch writes contents to Oraarch i.e(Offline redologs) the content of oraarch is referred as offline redo logs.- If Oraarch is full the archive gets stuck and the complete update mechanism stuck and usersencounter congestion.- So the Oraarch content needs to be moved to alternative location on hourly, bi-hourly for every 4hours or daily depending upon the frequency of updates.- While copying Oracle provides various means of log save because we dont want the corruption oflogs. 160. 160The data transfer from Oraarch to disk is done by BRArchive. 08-Sep-09BRTOOLSIt uses BRConnect, BRBackup, BRRestore, BRRecover with various options.We can do the following with BRTools.- Start and stop the database- Database backup- Redolog Backup- Restore Database - from database backup- Recover Database from Redolog Backup- Extend the tablespace by adding datafile or resizing datafile. Max datafiles are 250 in SAP.Each datafile size is 1% of the Whole database (100-200) 2 GB 200-400 4GB...- Tablespace management (Create drop alter. mostly create and drop are not used)- Reorganisation (Create, Rebuild, Indexes Export and Import tables)- Database standard house keeping jobs (DBStatistics, cleanup logs, dbcheck, adapt next extents)- Display profiles, change schema password etc.SYSTEM COPY/ HOMOGENEOUS COPY/ HETEROGENEOUS COPY,DB REFRESH1. System Copy/ Homogeneous Copy 161. 161It is used to setup a system similar to a PRD, QAS etc.i.e. the system is completely build from OS, Database and R3 without changing OS or DB.2. Heterogeneous CopyWhen ever there is a change in OS or DB then it is said to be heterogeneous.3. DB RefreshIt is the process of refreshing the data of one system by another system data.(OS, DB, R3) remains the same but only database is refreshed.THE REASONS FOR SYSTEM COPYUnicode Migration or Code Page Conversion1. To setup a new system in the landscape (Only DEV and PRD exists, now we need to deploy QAS asa copy of PRD)2. To change the hardware.3. To move out from one OS to another or One DB to another DB which is called as OS/ DB Migrationwhich needs to be carried under the guidance of Certified consultant.4. While applying patches, Kernel Upgrade to test the objects with Production data.5. System Copy is performed using export and import of the database.STEPS for SYSTEM COPY1. Source System2. Use Installation Master DVD- Use Additional Tasks- System Copy- Source System select database instance export - specify typical - specify Profile directory e:usrsapsidsysprofile - specify the password if <sid>adm - Specify the export location for Import.Review the inputs and continue the import.DATABASE REFRESH 162. 162Let us say there are three systems DEV, QAS and PRD existing in the landscape. The objects whichare developed in DEV needs to be transported to QAS and PRD the objects behave differently in DEV,QAS and PRD.Eg. A Small report which fetches monthly sales executes 1 Sec in DEV and in QAS where as in PRD it isconsuming 30Min. PRD DB Size 1TB 2TB. The report is good in DEV and QAS but bad in PRD thatmeans quality checks are failed.So we need to copy the PRD (DATA files) system to QAS system from time to time to get properquality done.Similarly we need to apply patches, Kernel , add-ons in the landscape. We dont want any issues thatcrops up on the production system. So we will take a copy in QAS and apply before PRD.Process1. PRE STEPS2. DB REFRESH3. POST STEPSPre stepsPre Steps on the Target system. It is required to keep the dependencies of the target system torestore them later i.e. after refresh.Eg. After Refresh the target system QAS behaves like production System. Se we need to delete thesource dependencies and restore the target dependencies, Users, RFC Connections, Batch Jobs,License, Printers, Roles etc.1. Take a copy of them using transport requests, screen shots etc.2. Generate the control file from source system. Delete the entire SAPDATA files.3. Restore the database from Tape or Disk.4. Create Control file with new database structure of QAS5. Make the BTC Processes to 0, so that no background job is triggered6. Start the system and restore the target dependenciesPre-Steps for DB Refresh1. Create the transport of copies by using SE01 and specify the following objects/ tables USR01, USR02, RFCDES and TBDLSAnd then we need to release the Transport of Copies.Copy the cofiles & datafiles in usrsapsidtrans 163. 163- Take the screen shots of SM59, BD54, DB13, SM37, AL11(All the SAP Directories), WE20 (IDOCS),SMLG, RZ12 (RFC SERVER GROUPS), RZ70 (Inorder to populate the backend system details to SLD),RZ04 (Operation Modes) SCC4, SPAM.4. And thenWe need to delete all the datafiles related to QAS system. data1, data2 etc. First we need to stop theoracle services the structure should remain same.Directories like sapdata1.... sapdata..n, MirrorlogA, B, OriglogA, B5. First ActivityAfter taking the backup of PRD server we need to generate control file.> Alter database backup controlfile to Trace.It will generate the Cntrl File under usertrace directory.Copy the cntrl file to quality system and rename it as with .sql extension.If it is offline backup the foldernames offline b.afd online b.afd 08-Sep-09BRTOOLS ERRORS1. Tablespace over flow (ORA-1653, 1654)2. Max Extents reached (ORA-1631, 1632)3. Archive Stuck (ORA-255, ORA-272)4. Datablock corruption (ORA-1578)... restore from old backup5. Missing end backup while performing a backup6. stats out dated - run brconnect -f stats7. Oracle listener, Tnsnames port issues8. Oracle DLL Compatibility issues (Patch Oracle)9.
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International hardware errors ORA-600 (Refer to SAP and Oracle)10. OPS$ issues related to authentication while logging11. Connection issues between R/3 WP: Oracle Shadow with error ORA-1256012. Oracle is corrupted or Disk corrupted, External disk not available, datafile missing, Space issues.13. Missing Indexes in DB0214. Database backup not successful due to space issues, tape issues15. Control file missing - Recreate control fileNote: All Oracle errors refer to Oracle/ SAP (ORA-XXXX)16. Oracle shared memory not available issue with SGA17. If buffer hit ration below 94% (Increase block buffer size) 164. 164 09-Sep-09IMPLEMENTATIONInstallation of SAP System1. Download the Installation Guide from the Market Place. www.service.sap.com/instguide2. No of users/ Load on the system3. Perform Sizing www.service.sap.com/sizing4. Download the software www.service.sap.com/swdc 32 Bit means I386 cmd> memsize/ memlimit5. Entry in etcservicesPORTSDispatcher Port : 3200 to 3299Message server Port : 3600 to 3699Gateway Port : 3300 to 3399Secured Dispatcher Port : 4700 to 4799Secured Gateway : 4800 to 48996. Make sure that Installation Ports 21212, 21213 are not used7. Kernel depends on O/S 32-64, Database, UC/ NUC Exports are OS/ DB Dependent8. All the entries are stored in control.xml and installation progress is stored in keydb.xml If theinstallation is aborted/ cancelled then the above two files will help us to start from the point where itstopped earlier.9. An installation directory sapinst_dir is created which host the log files of the installationNote: SMSY > System Landscape > Other object > create sap* : 06071992 ddic : 19920706 165. 165 10-Sep-09TADIR - Stores all the repository objectsRepository consists of your ABAP objects like programs, function modules. ABAP data dictionaryconsists of tables, domains etc.Data dictionary is like a part of repository only.From SE11these are database objectsDatabase tablesviewsdatatypeLock objectsSearchhelp.Type groupDomain.Note:Instance No 00: Port No: 3200Database sap* : 06071992O/S Users ddic : 19920706R/3DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EARLIER VERSIONS OF SAP AND CURRENT NETWEAVERINSTALLATION 166. 1661. No Solman Key2. Pre requisite checker3. Passwords are default and OS/SB passwords need to be provided in the input screen4. Central instance and database are installed separately (Central system is introduced withcombination of CI and DBI)---------------------------------------NTI386 - Intel PentiumIA64 - Intel ItaniumX64 - AMD64AIX_64- IBM---------------------------------------5. Kernel used to reside in RUN directory and in current versions in sysexeUCNTI3866. No screen to review the inputs and change them if required.7. No interactive / colorful screens8. Up to 4.6C r3setup is used to install SAP. sapinst is introduced from 4.7 version.9. Tablespaces are 27 up to 4.6c from 4.7e onwards they are reduced to 6 Tablespaces.10. SAPDBA is replaced by BRTOOLS in newer versions11. MMC passwords are required to start SAP in newer versionscmd> startsap name=DEV nr=00 SAPDIAHOST=HOME----------------------------------------------------------OS = SIDADM SAPSERVICE<SID>ST06 - gets for SAPOSCOLL serviceTrans - EPS (Electronic Parcel Service) - All the developments are hosted.----------------------------------------------------------PROFILE MANAGEMENTUsrsapSIDsysprofileThere are three 3 profiles which are available by default1. Default2. start_DVEBMGS00_<HOSTNAME>.pfl3. <SID>_DVEBMGS00_<HOSTNAME>.pfl Installation Questions1. Installation Pre-Requisites 167. 1672. Installation Inputs3. Difference between earlier and Current Versions4. Installation Checks5. Starting of SAP System.Installation Pre-Requisites1. Download the Installation Guide www.service.sap.com/Instguide2. Sizing3. Download the Software from www.service.sap.com/swdc4. Install JAVA j2sdk_1_4_2_125. Set the Environment Variables JAVA_HOME PATH6. Set the Virtual Memory7. Install ORACEL 10g 10.2.0.2 Execute OUI.exe (Oracle Universal Installer) (.) Install Database Software Only8. Install Patch OUI.exeInstallation InputsSapinst.exe from InstMaster FolderSAP Netweaver 2004s Support Release2 > SAP Systems > Oracle > Central System AdministrationSelect (.) TypicalPrompts to logoff to get some privilegesLogin as AdministratorSelect the Usage Types AS ABAP AS JAVA BI JAVA DI EPCORE EP MI 168. 168 PIBrowse for Java ComponentsBrowse for JCE Policy (JAVA Cryptographic Encryption)Prompts for SID and the Installation Drive [E:]Prompts for Master PasswordPrompts for DBSID and Database HostPrompts for Installation Exports path (Actual Content lies in Exports) Exports varies from Component to ComponentPrompts for Kernel and Oracle Client pathsSystem Landscape Directory (.) Configure Local SLDIF Local SLD then Object Server Name [Hostname]Parameter SummaryIf required change the MirrorLogA and OrigLogA, B to different directoriesRequires SOLMAN Key from Solman System [SMSY]Task Progress.....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Install SAPGUI (Setupall.exe)Installation Checks1. Users: Two users are created <SID>ADM SAPSERVICE<SID><SID>ADM is used to start the SAP system and Administration of SAPSAPSERVICE<SID> is a service user used to run the services.Verify from My Comp> Manage > Users and Groups 169. 169SAPOSCOL is an operating system collector ensure that sufficient resources are available to start SAPsystem.SAP<SID>_INSTANCENO used to start the SAP system.2. Groups: Following groups are created to work on Oracle Database and R/3 Executables. ORA_<SID>_DBA ORA_<SID>_OPER SAP_<SID>_GLOBALADMIN SAP_<SID>_LOCALADMIN SAP_LOCALADMIN3. usrsaptrans is created to host the transports.It is a common transport directory where the changes of development are stored as transportrequests, provides EPSin for patching the system.4. Kernel executables are extracted into usrsapSIDsysexe directoryUsed to start and manage the runtime of the SAP System.5. Profiles are created in usrsapSIDsysprofilesWhich governs the startup parameters, runtime parameters of SAP System.6. SAPDATA1 is created with datafiles saparch, oraarch, sapcheck, saptrace, sapreorg andredolog files (OriglogA, OriglogB, MirrorlogA, MirrorlogB)Database specific file system.7. On Windows MMC(Gui based) is created to start and stop the SAP SystemTo start and stop the SAP System8. On UNIX startup scripts are created on <SID>ADM in Home Directory (startsap, stopsap)9. Work directory is created in usrsapSIDDVEBMGS00work used to host the trace files(Logs)which are generated during SAP system startup.10. Oracle database uses (ORASID on UNIX other users like OPS$ Users, SAPSR3, SAPSR3DB) ORA<SID> is the owner of the database in UNIX 170. 170 <SID>ADM is the owner(Administrative Privileges) of the database in WindowsStarting up of SAP System1. On Windows use SAPMMC/ Startsap to start the SAP System2. On UNIX login as <SID>ADM - Open Terminal - Startsap (Scripts)3. When engine is started it reads the startup profile which is located in usrsapsidsysprofilestart_DVEBMGS00_<hostname>.pflStartup Profile consists ofa) Starting the database using command strdbs.cmd this command starts the database and writesthe log files to stderr1.log which is in the work
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directorystrdbs.cmd - consists of a entry - V9start.sql(From here we can find whether the database is up or not)b) Starts the Message server using executable msg_server.exe and writes the log into workdirectory dev_ms.log if it is not started it writes the log into stderr.logc) Starts the Dispatcher using executable disp+work and write the log file into workdev_disp and stderr.logAll the log files resides in Work Directory.4. When the process are started they read properties from Instance ProfileSID_DVEBMGS00_HOSTNAME.pfl Such as number of work processes, memory, buffers etc and writes the logs into dev_w0, dev_w1,dev_w2 ... dev_wn-1 11-Sep-09192/ 172/ 10Global IP Address (ARPANET)If we assign other than this the system are considered to be public. In future there is possibility foraddress conflict. We need to buy public IP addresses from ISPs. The IP addresses from 192/ 172/ 10are private IP Addresses which can be used internally in the companies.202.65.136.146 171. 171NAT - Network Address TranslationAll the servers are managed with Private IP but , they are available externally by using Public IP.Whenever a request comes from Internet to a public IP. It is translated to Private IP or Routed to PVTIP.EPSIBIC - Extended Binary Code.PAM - Product Availability Matrix32 Bit - Supports - 2GB64 Bit - Allocates upto 4 GBVirtual Memory (Hard Disk) - Physical Memory (RAM)The Internet communication Manager ICMON started by using icom.exeAll the startup logs are stored in Work directory. It is also called as Trace directory or Developertraces.Q. System not started?1. Check the database is up and running byStart > run > sqlplus "as sysdba"2. If the database is not started then start the database and look into the log files alert<SID>.logwhich resides in saptrace background directoryOracleSIDsaptracebackgroundIdentify for Oracle errors that start with "ORA"Example 1033 .... DB_Connect Issues. i.e. The work process is unable to connect to the database.Check the connectivity, listener status, listener.log, listener ports, listener hostnames, database startupstatuses etc. cmd> lsnrctl 14-Sep-09 172. 172 07-Jul-09BASIS Recently SAP -- Manufact uring -- Retail Applicati on Server - Allocates Processes Accelerates the requests INSTANCE - Its an Agent - Communicates 173. 173with Database with the Native SQL - DispatcherAs the load goes on increases we will go with adding a Dialogue InstanceAccessing the BASIS repository over the web... and for this SAP Implemented a component called ITS(Internet Transaction Server) separate tool windows specific. IIS (Microsoft internet informationservice)SAPWAS: SAP WEB APPLICATION SERVER which is capable of providing internetIncluding ICM 6.0 (Service) will handle the user request.ABAPBASIS into a common supply chain/ PlatformBWThe integrated ITS uses the common HTTP mechanism as in SAP Web AS, no additional Web server isrequired as, in the case of the standalone ITS. 08-Jul-09BASIS - It provides the runtime environment for all SAP Components. - It provides a platform for User Management, Administration, Monitoring, Analysis,performance, tracing, auditing and development. 174. 174SU01 - User ManagementSM21 - Administration (System Logs)RZ20 - Monitoring (CCMS) Computing Center Management SystemSM20 - Security AuditST03 - Work Load MonitorST01 - System TraceSECR - Audit Information SystemSE38 - ABAP EditorThere are various BASIS platforms for R/3APO (Advanced Planner and Optimizer), - Sub Module of SCMBIW (Business Intelligence Warehouse),EBP (Enterprise Buyer Professional) etc., - Sub Module of SRMAll these applications are robust, reliable, stable, and consistent which are built on ABAP language.LANGUAGE ***************************SINGLE CODE PAGE: The database is installed on a code page like 1100 which can support thelike minded languages around 10 (En, German, Dutch.....) but each additional languages should beimported. SMLT Languages like Chinese, Thai, Korean, and Japanese cannot be accessed using theabove code page, due to this reason we need multicode page (MDMP - Multi Display MultipleLanguage) on the same system. MDMP has various disadvantages during upgrade i.e., code page conversion. From SAPWEBAS 640 SAP provides only two versions (Non-Unicode andUnicode). SAP Stopped supporting blended (Multi) code pages i.e., MDMP and introduced UNICODEto support all the languages i.e., the characters are stored in more than one byte.Refer TCPDP table and I18NNON-UNICODE: It is similar to single code page and supports only the like mindedlanguages. When there are no plans to expand the business globally this is the bestoption. In future we can perform a UNICODE Migration. (NON UNICODE to UNICODE)Process: UNICODE Migration1. Ensure that the version is Unicode enabled like ECC6.0, BI7.0, and CRM2005 etc,2. Use SAP Installation Master DVD - Additional Life Cycle. 175. 175 - TASKS - System copy - Source system - export NUC3. Target system System -> Import with Unicode Kernel.Note: We need to perform certain pre post steps.Unicode consumes 40% of additional resources than NUC. Refer UCMIGR... Upgrade - 4.6c to ECC6.0 Migration - NUC to Unicode.Note: As the Kernel is going to be changed during migration the whole database needs to be deleted. ****************************ITS: Internet Transaction ServerIn order to provide the web functionality to all SAP components ITS (Internet Transaction Server) isintroduced by SAP.ITS installed on a separate machine or Application server to handle the web requests. In the earlierscenarios APPS Dispatcher used to handle the user request but in web scenario the HTTP requests arehandled by ITS.ITS consists of two gates (WEB Gate and APPLICATION Gate)Process Flow: 1. The web requests are received by Wgate which are in the form of .HTML or .CSS(Cascading Style Sheets). 2. These requests are forwarded to Agate. 176. 176Diag is a protocol that is used to handle the request coming from SAPGUI on port 3200 Series 3200+ Instance Number3. Agate converts web request into Dynpro specific requests so that theycan be handled by Diag Protocol. 4. The Dispatcher in the Application server handles the request and process it. 5. Response is forwarded to Agate. 177. 177Time ConsumingNot an Integrated ServiceIt depends on IIS (Internet Information Server) to host the pagesNon BusinessUser input -> Queue -> Assign a Counter -> Screen -> Withdrawal -> Insert, Update or delete.Instead of ITS SAP included WEBAS 640 and included ICM service within the Application Server. (ICMInternet Communication Manager) which is called IITS (Integrated Internet Server) Tcode:SITSPMON 178. 178IE -> [ICM + IITS] WEBASIntroduction of WEBASUntil versions R/3 4.6c (Kernel Version 4.6D) ITS provided the web functionality (APO 3.0, BIW 3.0 arethe last basis components)SAP Introduced ICM (Internet Communication Manager) and named the platform as SAPWEBAS 6,this platform is going to be a common platform for all the SAP Applications even the ICM isintroduced in SAPWEBAS and its still require ITS to process the web request. SAP introduced IITSwhich is integrated in WEBAS640. It is accessed by the tcode:
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SITSPMONBIW 3.5ECC 5.0ECC 6.0XI 3.0SCM 4.0SRM 4.0CRM 4.0Are the SAP components that are installed on a common platform SAPWEBAS 640.Subsequently SAPWEBAS 700 and 710 are released 09-Jul-09WEBAS ABAP could not provideColorful, dynamic, chat, Knowledge Management, Work List, Rooms, WEBEX, offline, Logos etc., 179. 179Consider an Example -XI - Exchange Infrastructure: Provides communication from one system to another system.Exchange Messages called as Process Integration (or) Intelligent Broker (or) BPM using an adapter. 180. 180KM - Knowledge ManagementCM - Content ManagementTREX Engine - Text retrieval and classification engine searches the information and bring out fromTerra Bytes of data.PI - Where the content is fetched either from BI, XI, as and when requiredThe 4 Layers PI, BI, XI, Application Platform called as NETWEAVER 181. 181MDM - Master Data ManagementERP - Enterprise Resource PlanningECC - Enterprise Central ComponentSCM - Supply Chain ManagementSRM - Supplier Relationship ManagementCRM - Customer Relationship ManagementNETWEAVER - PIPAP - People IntegrationI - Information IntegrationP - Process IntegrationA - Application PlatformNote: For Netweaver ABAP is mandatory as the business lies in ABAP.NETWEAVER: Is a common platform which provides EP (Enterprise Portal), BI, PI, ABAP, JAVA &Mobile Integration.SAPWEBAS 640, SAPWEBAS JAVA 640, Portal Content, KM (Knowledge Management), CM (ContentManagement), PI content etc., provided as add-on. 182. 182Netweaver is introduced along with SAPWEBAS 640 but most of the components as add-on. i.e.,also called Netweaver 04 S, SR1, SR2, SR3From Netweaver 04 S, SR1, SR2, SR3 or Netweaver 07 all the above content provided on one singleDVD.- The software that is required is Installation Master- Exports- Java Components- JCE Policy (Java Cryptography Extension)- Kernel- The respective database (DB2, SQL, ORACLE, MaxDB)After installation the entire content resides in the database only.Kernel resides at OS level. It provides runtime executables/ libraries that are required for SAP Engine(SAPWEBAS)The Installation master provides an option to install all the Netweaver components together with SAPapplication component (ERP, CRM, SCM, and SRM)Netweaver Components: ABAP, JAVA, XI, BI, PI... However WEBASABAP is a mandatoryNote: EP (Enterprise portal is not a business component for Java and it is only meant for GUI andFormatting) and EP doesnt requires ABAPEP = EP Core + JAVAERP and EP cannot put together in a single box.ERP and BI cannot put together in a single box.(OLTP) and (OLAP)XI - communication between one process to another process.MDM: Master Data Management - Data ConsistencyTry to populate the data from one repository to different servers MDM5.5, MDM7.0Netweaver Components accelerates the business components.Usage Types: Provides certain functionality to the business components. Usage types are selectedduring the installation.Usage types are ABAP, JAVA, PI, BI, JAVA, EPCORE, EP, BI, MI (Mobile Infra), DevelopmentInfrastructure.ABAP Mandatory for all the components except for EPJAVA - Mandatory for PI, EP, Mobile, BI-JavaPI - Both ABAP + JAVA requiredBIJAVA - JAVA, EP, EPCOREEP CORE -EP - JAVADevelopment 183. 183Infrastructure - JAVAMOBILE - ABAP, JAVA 10-Jul-09Netweaver alone cannot bring business it should be coupled with one of the SAP Businesscomponent like ERP, CRM, SCM etc., However when we choose to install ERP, CRM, SCM they getsinstalled on ABAP platform which is a part of Netweaver.Netweaver Installation:1. Use Installation Master2. Select the respective Sapinst. (sapinst.exe for windows and ./sapinst on UNIX)3. Select the installation Database (Oracle, SQL, MaxDB..)4. Provide the following inputs 1. SID 2. Instance Number (00 to 97) 3. JCE Policy (Java Cryprography - which is used to provide secure communication overthe web. 4. Master password for the users OS : <SID>adm : SAPService<SID> DB : ORA: Sys, System, Outln, MSS (Microsoft SQL Server): <SID> OS (UNIX) : ORA<SID>R/3 Specific application users : SAP*, DDIC R/3 DB Owners : SAP<SID> upto WAS640 : SAPSR3 for ABAP on WAS700 : SAPSR3DB fro JAVA on WAS700MSS : <SID>Select username from DBA_USERS;5. Provide the path for Software dump (Kernel, Exports, JAVA Components) on UNIX we may need toabrupt the installation and install the database but on windows the database can be installed beforein hand.6. Ports 3600 - 3697 - ABAP Message Server 3900 - 3999 - JAVA Message Server 3200 - 3297 - Dispatcher port 184. 184 4700 - 4797 - Dispatcher security port 3300 - 3397 - Gateway port 4800 - 4897 - Secured gateway port 50000 - JAVA instance port if instance number is 00Say for eg if the instance number is 25 then50000 (100 + 25) = 5250004 is for Administration port : 52504Say for eg 99 - 59904 - 59916 50008 - Telnet Port 50026 - SDM Ports (00 - Instance Number)Eg: https://201.17.12.22:50001 50001 - SSL (Https) ref: help.sap.comStarting ABAP Engine: Windows: MMC (Microsoft Mgmt Console) UNIX : startsap Startsap all : (Includes the Dialogue Instance) Startsap r3Stopping ABAP Engine: Windows: MMC (Microsoft Mgmt Console) UNIX : stopsapStarting JAVA Engine: Same as starting ABAP EngineStarting Integrated Engine (ABAP + JAVA): ABAP dispatcher starts the JAVA instance provided the parameter rdisp/start_j2ee is set to true or use SMICM to start manually.Notes (Patch) : This does the small correctionsSupport Package : Group of patchesSupport Stacks : Group of Support Packages (ABAP, BW, BASIS)Enhancement Pckg : is an upgrade to the current functionality 700, 7.01 (EHP1), 7.04 (EHP4) 185. 185 Upgrade 640-700-710Installation of Instances: It is an integrated installation which consists of 1. Central Services Instance 2. Central Instance 3. Database InstanceCentral Services instances are provided in JAVA Engine which consists of JAVA Message Server andEnque Server to provide load balancing to the web users and central locking for all the JAVAinstances. Dialogue Process - ForegroundABAP Instance: Central Instance DVEBMGS (Dialogue, Update, Enque, BTC Message, Gateway and Spool)Dialogue Instance: Except Message and Enque (Dia, BTC, Spool, gateway & Update)Database Instance: Database ProcessesJAVA Instance: Consists of Dispatcher & Server processesDispatcher-ABAP is used to handle the requests and process them based on FIFODispatcher allocates the requests to work process (Dialogue) for interactive communication.Dispatcher-JAVA is used to handle the requests and process them to server processes.Note: ipcclean in UNIX pagefile.sys in windows is used to clear the pages Resource at the disk level is a Semaphore. 186. 186 187. 187 11-Jul-09A Business Configuration Set is a set of Customizing settings which are grouped according tological, business management criteria to a unit. For documentary, quality assurance and re-usepurposes which
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is independent of the original Customizing tables/views which is accessible across thesystem landscape.Service Desk Creation.SCPR20 - BCSet - Service_Desk_change_st32A13 - Create the change request - expert mode ContinueGoto satellite system SM30 Look for BCOS_CUST - Maintain - OSS_MSG -SaveHelp - Create Support Message.ABAP Request Handling 188. 188 - User submits the request using GUI - The request is received by the dispatcher - Dispatcher keeps the request in Queue. - Dispatcher serves the request based on FIFO - Dispatcher assigns the request to Work Process - Work process handles the request using Work Process Task Handler - Task Handler interpret the request and submit the request to Database - The database process the request and response is sent back to the user.JAVA Request Flow - User submits the request 189. 189 - Request is handled by JAVA Dispatcher - Dispatcher assigns the least loaded server process - Server process assigns application thread manager to process the request- Server process processes the requests till it is completed/ or the memory is exhausted/ timeout - ATM Handles the user request internal process/ Intra process (For Locking) is handled by Server process. - Server process communicates with DB and the response is sent back to the user. - Central services are used for load balancing and locking purposes. (During an update)JAVA Startup - Use MMC - Startsap command - SMICM - or rdisp/j2ee_start=true used to start along with ABAP Engine but consumes at least 10 Minsto 30 Mins.Process of JAVA Startup - Database Instance - Central Services Instance - Central Instance - JAVA Dialogue Instance (Optional)Process Flow 1. User uses any of the above startup methods to start the JAVA Engine 2. The system is started by using startup profileSTART_DVEBMGS_<Hostname> (Integrated Engine) START_JC00_<Hostname> (Standalone JAVA Engine) 3. It also uses START_SCS01_<Hostname> for starting SAP Central Services 4. It uses default profile to start the engine with minimal parameters that are required by all the Dialogue Instances. 5. It uses the instance profile to start the engine with instance specific (Memory Buffer etc) <SID>_SCS01_Hostname for SCS and <SID>_DVEBMGS00_hostname for Integrated Engine and <SID>_JC00_Hostname for Standalone Java Engine 6. In order to start the JAVA engine Jcontrol process is used to initialize the system. 190. 190 7. JControl initializes the bootstrap process to read the parameters from 8. JControl starts JLaunch process by reading instance.properties JLaunch - Dispatcher JLaunch - server processJAVA Engine Startup FlowNote: JControl reads from SDM/config/sdm_jstartup.properties Error logs are stored in DEV_JControl from the WORK Directory DEV_JLaunch DEV_Dispatcher DEV_IcmIt consumes more time to start because bootstrap reads the parameters from the database toinstance.properties and bootstrap initializes Jlaunch for dispatcher, jlaunch for SDM and whileinitializing Jlaunch for server process it synchronize the binaries(All logs) of the dispatcher andthe servers.1. What is JAVA Instance/ JAVA Cluster2. What are the types of Installations and which of them are recommended based on the usage types?3. What are the inputs that are required during the installation?4. What are the various profiles that are used during startup & Explain the significance of them?5. Explain the process of JAVA Engine startup & Describe the executables, files, logs and profiles thatare used.?6. Explain the JAVA file system?LAB 191. 191Installing SAP ECC6.0 on Win 2k3 Server Enterprise EditionInstall the O/s - Allocate 15,000 MB = 15GB for C Drive - Allocate the remaining for D Drive eg: 223467MB = 223GBDuring installation of O/S - provide the system name : willsys11 - Organization name : willsys11 - Assign the product key - Assign the computer name : willsys11 - provide the Admin pwd : admin123Install the LAN Drivers and assign the static IP Address : 172.17.10.11 255.255.0.0Copy the SAP dump by accessing another machine willsys04d$Installing ECC6.0 Install the j2sdk, se v1.4.2_12 - After installing copy the path from c:j2sdk1.4.2_12binSet the Environment Variables from - My Computer - Properties - Advanced - click on environment variables - click on New Set variable name : JAVA_HOME Set variable value: c:j2sdk1.4.2_12 (without bin) - okNow under system variable Search for "path" and highlight it and click on edit - under variable value : c:j2sdk1.4.2_12bin - okSetting Virtual Memory - under Advanced tab - under performance click on settings 192. 192 - select advanced tab - click on change under Virtual Memory and Hit change - select C: drive and set custom size Initial size: 2046 Max-Size : 8000If RAM is 2 GB we can select up to 8GB from HDD.Installing Database - Oracle 10G - Access the folder oraclelogNTOraclesapserver.cmd - D: - provide the SID eg: W11SAP Installation. - run sapinst.exeDuring Installation it prompts for various inputs - SID - Master Password - JAVA Components - Exports - KernelAnd prompts for SOLMAN Key get this from SOLMAN System. 12-Jul09Usagetypes.properties - Used to identify the usage types usrsap<sid>config usage.propertiesSpecifies the configuration of the Netweaver system 1. Usage types ABAP, JAVA, EP, EPCORE, DI (Development Infrastructure), BI JAVA, PI and MI 2. Machine Type 193. 193 NT INTEL, HP UNIX etc 3. Memory available on the system 4. The number of CPUs and CPU speed 5. System ID and Instance Number 6. Hostname and ports used along with backend ABAP Client. It also specifies the usersthat are created during installation along with the encrypted password.Note: SAPJSF user (Security Framework user) is created in ABAP Engine to communicate with JAVAEngine. This user reads the ABAP user master and ensure all the users are in the JAVA engine. JAVAengine doesnt let us to create users as the Data source will be in ABAP.Note: In an integrated installation (ABAP + JAVA) J2EE_ADMIN is the administrator and onstandalone JAVA Engine (Administrator) is the userid that manages J2ee engine.IDM : Identity ManagementSAP*DDICSAPCP These are not counted for LicensingDVEBMGS<Instance Number> - Straight away we can see the ABAP Engine It is the Instance directory which specifies the types of processes, engine type, instancenumber. It contains the following directories.1. DATA: Used for storing the lock entries, statistical data etc DVEBMGS it is a Kernel directory (Soft link to the physical one)2. IGS: Internet Graphic Server which is used to provide graphic services over the web.3. J2EE: It specifies that the JAVA engine is installed on the Machine. It consists of the following directories 1. Admin Directory: Used for administrating the J2EE engine using Visual Admin tool.It also contains the directory Standalone Log Viewer to display the logs of the J2ee engine if its notstarted. Dispatcher + Server = Local instance (Cluster) 2. Cluster: It specifies the dispatcher, server and bootstrap process. It contains binariesthat are required to start the above process. It also contains instance.properties to start the instance(We can find by what time the instance is started) 194. 194 Clusterdispatcherlog Defaulttrace.0.trc is a file available in the log directory for both server and dispatcher. 3. Config Tool: It provides a tool to change parameters of the instances either globallyor locally. 4. Deploying: It is a tool that is used to deploy the small programs in to the JAVAengine. 5. JSPM: it is a tool to
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apply patches (JAVA Support Pack Manager) 6. Log Directory: solDVEBMGS00 it specifies the MMC log/ SM21 Logs with log gotoslog - clear all the logs and that is equal to Syslog.SDM: <sid>DVEBMGS - Software Deployment Manager It is used to apply the patches for various Netweaver640 and 700 and it is discontinued in 7.1NETWEAVER TOOLS usrsap<sid>sysglobalSys consists of system executables (Kernel), profiles, global directory.Sysexe directory : Consists of run time executables (Kernel)Sysprofile directory: consists of profiles to start and also to control the behavior of the instanceSysglobal directory: consists of SLD (system landscape directory), XI folders, template config tool,Adobe services etc.work directory: consists of developer traces, JVM Logs (Java Virtual Machine), Standard error logsstarts with std and these are used to debug the startup errors.1. Template Config Tool : It resides in global directoryusrsap<sid>sysglobal It is initialized by cfgtemplategui.bat (.sh in UNIX)This tool is used as a part of the post installation and used to set the system with minimal parametersthat are required for an usage type.SAP Provides predefined templates to configure BW, EP, XI, J2EE engine etc.Double click on cfgtemplategui.bat Under choose action 195. 195 Select apply and hit next. Select the template file and click nextUsed to set memory, CPU etcNote: Should not be executed after setting up the system because it will over write the changes. It isrecommended to execute in the initial stages.2. Log Viewer Standalone tool: It is used to provide the log access at O/S level when the instance is not started and alsoused to display the logs based on search text, date and time, severity etc., (Displays the logs in userfriendly format) usrsap<sid>DVEBMSGj2eeadminlogviewer.standalone3. SDM : Software deployment manager This is used to deploy and undeploy the support packages, small developments that arecoming with extension .sca (SAP component Archive) .sda (SAP Deployable archives), .zip, .jar (JAVAArchives), .ear (Enterprise archives), .war (Web archives) etc. SDM is started as a process using the executable jlaunch. There will be only one SDM inthe entire system. SDM has its own directory which contains binaries, config, log and libraries. It is started by using sdm_jstartup.properties in the sdmprogramconfig. SDM is initialized by using remotegui.bat fromusrsapsolDVEBMGSSDMprogram. It requires SDM Server data like hostname & SDM port 50018 During initialization it will read the repository information from sdmrepository.sdc(sdmprogconfig)During deployment (applying the support pack) it takes backup of the repository. The majoradvantage of SDM is to undeploy the support packages(during conflicts) but its a disadvantage whencompared with system consistency because it can undeploy the dependent packs also. SAPrecommends to use JSPM from 7.0 onwards. In WEBAS 640/ NETWEAVER 640 JSPM is not availableand in NW710 SDM is not available. SDM Directory contains a document related by SDM itself (SDMKIT.JAR)Changing the SDM Password: if SDM password is unknown we can set a new password usingcommand line interface 196. 196 sdm changepassword.Note: In order to change the password SDM should be running in standalone mode.SDM can be started in standalone or in integrated mode using command sdm jstartup sdmhome =<.....> [mode = integrated/ standalone]Note: it is always recommended to logoff from the SDM instead of closing the window. the window isclosed but the SDM Client is still connected to the server in this case we need to restart the SDM.Deploying a support pack through SDM1. Download the support pack from the market place.2. Deploy (or) copy the patches into the shared folder so that (DEV, QTY, PRD) are accessed (Notmandatory to EPS) directory3. login to SDM Tool4. click on Deployment Tab.5. Click add browse for .sca file and hit next6. patch location can be a database, file system or J2ee engine.Depending upon the nature of the patch it updates any one of the aboveClick on next and click on start deploymentLogviewer tab provides the deployment status along with the duration of the deployment.SDM reads the files from the specified location not eps/in and it has its own inbox to process thedeployment.The patch status is obtained from system - information option in the home pagehttp://<hostname>:50000SDM startup modes are standalone/ Integrated. Default mode is integrated and standalone mode isused to change the password. 13-Jul-094. Config Tool:Used for Offline configuration.It is initialized by using a script configtool.bat /.sh on UNIXIt resides in usrsap<sid>dvebmgs00j2eeIt connects to the database to modify the parameters of the J2ee engine when the engine is offline oronline. Modifications will get effect only after a restart of the J2ee engine (the parameters are static)J2ee engine startup is not required to work with config tool. It is used for the following purposes -a) To increase the server processes up to MAX 16 197. 197 cluster = disp + server processNote: if we want to have more than 16 then we have to include dialogue JAVA instance.To handle the load we have to add server process. This is required when memory is available to configure the additional server processes. The server processes are used to handle the user requests. b) it is used to configure the JVM (JAVA Virtual Machine) memory settings. It is the only toolused to modify the JVM Settings.JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE It is a platform specific software provided by sun Microsystems. Itconsists of java run time environment to interpret the JAVA programs. a) When JAVA programs are defined they used to save extension .JAVA (eg bank.java) it iscompiled into bank.class file. This class file will be distributed to the customers irrespective of theoperating system Authenticate - login Authorized - Executing tasks These files are interpreted by using JAVA Virtual Machine. JVM contains Byte code verifier andclass loader. Initially JVM checks the class files and verify the bytes in the code and then signals toload the class file to display the screens/ Logic executed. This is the reason why JRE is required toexecute JAVA Program. (Platform specific JVM should be installed on the customers system) b) It is used to configure various managers and services. c) It is used to store the Administrator password using option secure store. d) It is used to configure the user management to LDAP engine ie, users who are created in AD(Active Directory) server. LDAP protocol is used to transfer the users from AD to the Application platform. (ABAP/JAVA) e) Offline configuration mode to change certain parameters eg: when all the users are locked,this option is used to enable SAP* user. when SAP* is enable no other user can work on the system.Unlock the admin users and disable SAP* (two restarts are required) f) It works only on the database as it needs to connect to the database using the OSauthentication (doesnt require any userid and password)5. Visual Admin Tool: 198. 198 This is an admin tool which is used to change the static and dynamic parameters (ExceptJVM) It is initialized by using go.bat /.sh in UNIX which resides in j2eeadmin It works only online because it needs to connect to J2ee engine. It needs admin user ,password, hostname and port p4 (50004). It can connect from any system using the above credentials. It is used to configure various services and managers. It can also used to start/stop variousservices and applications. It is discontinued in 7.10 NW but widely used in 640/ 700. 14-Jul-096. Shell Console Tool (or) Telnet tool It is used to login to the system remotely when the system is congested (Hourglass mode). From Command prompt telnet <Ipaddress/Hostname> <port number> telnet willsys11 50008 Provide the login details as J2EE_ADMIN and the password Prompt changes to > > lsc (list
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services) > man (gives the manual)In Netweaver 7.1 SAP provides Shell Console Tool in the J2ee Directory and up to Netweaver 7.0telnet tool has to be executed manually from the command prompt.usrsap<sid>DVEBMSGshellconsole from 7.1 only7. JCMON or JControl Monitor It is initialized by using command line executable jcmon suffix with Jcmon pf ="path of the instance profile"Eg: D:usrsap>jcmon pf=d:usrsap<sid>sysprofilewis_dvebmgs_hostname It provides the menu to administer cluster, memory and restart the processes if required. Command=> 0 to Exit Command=> 30 to refresh the instance data (It is used to clear the shared memory in use) 12 - To identify the processes 199. 199 5 - This is used to monitor the status of the instance8. JSPM - JAVA Support Patch/ Pack Manager tool It is introduced in Netweaver 7.0 to replace SDM tool. SDM is not available in NW 7.1 It reads the support packages, patches from usrsaptransepsinSimilar to SPAM but it works on SDM port and password. It is only executed in the <SID>ADM home.(The environment required for JSPM is provided by user <SID>ADM.It is initialized by go.bat which is available in JSPM directory. JSPM has its own patch level similar toSPAM which is updated by JSPM.JSPM is used to deploy business packages like employee self service, manager self service, newsoftware components & additional usage types. It is also used to control the transport of objectsbetween systems in the landscape.The main advantage of JSPM is undeployment is not possible, consistency between support packagesare checked and displays the source and target patch levels. The another major advantage is thepatches can be deployed arbitrarily like 1 to 5 (i.e missing the sequence).It is also used to upgrade kernel where the system will be restarted as per the requirement (NWConsultant should take the backup of the kernel)Process: Download the respective software into EPSIn directory (.sca, .sda, .sar etc) and place them inEPSIn Ensure that the logged in user is <SID>ADM. Initialize JSPM by using go.bat Specify the SDM Password (SDM and JSPM should not be operated simultaneously to avoidinconsistency of the system). Select the type of the package to apply Eg: Single Support package JSPM reads the EPSIn directory and displays if a valid support pack is available. Specify the patches target level (Select or Skip)Note: In earlier cases before applying any packs need to apply SPAM but here JSPM. 200. 200Support Packs NW - 18 EHP1 SOL - EHP1 ERP - EHP4Note: Among the selected packages SAP Identifies which one be prioritized first in this case JSPMgoes first. Select the target SP level can click on next to deploy the patches. JSPM maintains its own log files if any dependencies are missing it will abort the deployment.9. USER Admin Tool It is used to administer the users, groups and roles. User admin is a part of NW IdentityManagement tool. UME - For user management PORTAL - for Portal engine J2ee - For J2ee Engine ABAP - rolesNote: ABAP roles are groups in JAVA Engine.Standalone JAVA engine has various options lie user creation and password management in the useradmin tool but whereas in the integrated engine the user management is taken over by ABAP Engineexcept assigning J2EE roles.10. NWA Tool (NETWEAVER Admin Tool) It is available since NW7.0 and used for JAVA engine, administration, configuration andmonitoring. It is used to perform the post installation activities based on the usage types. Also used tostart/stop various services, process and applications. From NW7.10 all the visual admin tool tasks areperformed by NWA Tool. It provides reports related to users, memory, performance, components etcsimilar to ST03.11. SLD Tool (System Landscape Directory) http://<hostname>:50000/sid It is a landscape information provider service to provide the information of all the systems inthe landscape along with products, software components, patch levels, clients information etc.(000,001, 066) 201. 201 It is accessed by using the url : http://202.65.136.146:50000/sldIt is effectively used in XI, PI and became a mandatory component as per ITIL/ StandardsInfrastructure Library. 15-Jul-091. Template Config Tool.2. Config Tool3. SDM (Software Deployment Manager)4. Visual Admin5. Standalone log viewer6. JSPM (JAVA Support Pack Manager)7. JCMON (JControl Monitor)8. Shell Console (Telnet)9. User Admin10. NWA (Netweaver Admin Tool)11. SLD (System Landscape Directory)JAVA Startup Framework 202. 202 203. 203DVEBMGS J2ee cluster server0cfgkernelApplications lies here for sync.server0appssap.comApplications only sync by the server process.DTD: Data type definitionJAVA Startup Framework 1. JControl Initialization 2. Initialize bootstraps (Cluster) 3. Bootstrap reads properties from DB 4. Bootstrap updates instance.properties 5. JControl Initialises Jlaunch (DISP) 6. Dispatcher Kernel, Libraries are synchronized before they get started 7. JControl initialises JLaunch (SDM) 8. JControl initialises JLaunch (Server Process) 9. Server Kernel, Libraries, Binaries are synchronized before they get started 10.Server Starts the ApplicationNote: Thread Manager is for System process Thread Application Manager is for the customer (Dispatcher cannot handle ATM) Kernel provides runtime which consists of Managers to work at J2ee Engine levelThe J2ee Engine contains the following Managers 1. Application Thread Manager 204. 204So each manager/ service has four values and the priority of execution as follows Global Default Global Custom Local default Local CustomGlobal configuration doesnt have any IDEg: Have 5 dialogue instances with 5 server process each... It needs to maintain 5 Dispatchers/ 25 server process which requires editing the config tool 30times or simply use Global configuration and edit only 2 times i.e., one for server and the other for thedispatcherServices: These are similar to SAP Transactions to perform certain tasks on the J2EE engine. These arealso used to perform certain post-installation activities. 205. 2051. Log configuration Service: This is similar to SM18/ SM19 to trace the user activities. It is used to set the log locations forthe applications. It is also used to set the traces for certain activities. It can be edited by choosing the server/dispatcher, or using the service in config tool/ Visualadmin tool. Set the granularity of the log level (Using Min & Max) Severity is also setup based on requirement.Most of the services are available both in config tool and visual admin tool. VA services areexplanatory than config tool services and also VA provides additional functionality.Eg: In Log Configurator ServiceTracing option is provided in VA Tool whereas in config tool it is not provided. It is used to set (SQL,RFC, Enque, Buffer ST05 Trace) the traces, logs.Logs: These are by default written to the default log locations without any initiation/ Initiative. Theseare logged into categories.Traces: These are explicitly switch on by the user to trace the user activities. These are logged intolocations.Difference between categories & locations Logs & TracesWe can also switch SQL Trace similar to ST05 to identify the expensive SQL Statement.J2eeclusterdispatcherlog2. Log Viewer Service: It is used to display the logs and it is similar to standalone log viewer service. 16-Jul-093. Licensing Adapter Service: This is used to apply the license from the text file.Goto Market place : www.service.sap.comclick on SAP Support Portal under FOR CUSTOMERS
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Provide SUSERID and pwd Click on Keys and Request Tab 206. 206 Click on Request Permanent License Key Select the Installation Type Click on New System Provide SID as PRD System Name : Hostname System Type Product: NW Version: NW 7.0 (2004 S) System: NT/ INTEL Database: Hit ContinueNote: In earlier versions we use to type the command saplicense -getFrom Visual Admin Tool Licensing Adapter for Hardware KeyNote: It contains 2 licenses one is standard license (Permanent) which is valid till 31.12.9999 and theother one is maintenance certificate which is valid up to 3 months.Maintenance certificate locks the SPAM and JSPM after 3 Months.For ABAP - SAINT & SPAMFor JAVA - SDM & JSPMApply the license through Market placeDisplay license scriptDownload to PCFrom Visual Admin - Click (Install license from File) and Upload the file.4. JCORFC Provider Services: It is similar to SM59 used to create RFC connections to the backend systems. Program IDplays an important role to establish connection between the systems.From Visual Admin Tool - JCoRFC Provider Provide : Program ID : JAVA_2_ABAP Gatewayhost : WILSOLMAN Gateway Service : Sapgw00 Service Count :4 207. 207 Application Server : wilsolman System Number : 00(Backend EP System) Client : 001 Logon Lang : en User : sapuserSMGW is the T-Code to verify whether the connection is established or not.For single Prog ID Max 20 RFC can be generated.Specify Program ID,Gateway Host (If the gateway is installed separately)Gateway service (< Instance>)Server Count (To specify the number of server processes that can work simultaneously for thisProgram ID,Specify Hostname, Client, Userid, Password, Language (Details of the backend system)5. HTTP Provider Service : It is used to handle the request and keep them in socket queue. They will wait in thequeue until they are processed (or) timeout (This is applicable for dispatcher only).From Visual AdminDispatcher - Services HTTP Provider Keep Alive time to 75 instead 15 Sec.On server side we have to set Cache Size up to 999 and file buffer size & Other parameters specifiedbye SAP from VA Tool.6. Deploy Service: It is used to start and stop the deployed applications. It is widely used in XI/ PI to checkthe specified applications are running, if not manually run/ start the application. It is also useful to deploy the small application like (*.ear) Enterprise Archive files. From VA Tool - Click on DeployThe small programs which are developed in-house are moved using this service (When NWDP not inplace) Netweaver Development Infrastructure.Note: [ANT] is a tool to archive .ear format files 208. 2087. Locking Adapter Service It is similar to SM12 and is used to identify the users who are explicitly locking theresources for update. We can select the user and release the lock. (Process needs to be followed)Enqueue Table (100MB size) determines the locking table size enque/table_size8. Monitoring Service It is used to provide monitoring for all the kernel, services and performance of thesystem. It is similar to CCMS Monitor (RZ20) alert monitor.Eg: If the defined threads are completely used then Thread congestion occurs. If no threads areavailable the system marks the respective Manager/ Service in traffic light signals (Yellow-Green) inthis case it is Red.9. Performance Tracing It is similar to SE30 runtime analysis of ABAP Program and ST05 system trace to traceSQL, RFC, Buffers and enqueue. We need to switch on the trace explicitly for a specific module alongwith the user name.10. JARM (JAVA Application Response Time Management) Used to fetch the information of users, threads, component and requests. Similar toST03-(Work Load Analysis)11. Security Provider Service It is similar to SU01, Pfcg which is used to create users and assign roles. It is also similarto SM04 to display the login Users.12. SLD Data Supplier Service: This service populates the JAVA Engine information into SLD for every 720 Minutes(12Hrs) in ABAP Engine RZ70 is used to populate SLD.13. UME Provider Service: 209. 209 It is used to set the logon parameters similar to security parameters that starts withlogin in RZ10 Loginpassword digits Loginlang etc.Note: Form Netweaver 7.10 onwards VA tool is discontinued instead NWA is implemented. 17-Jul-09Post Installation Activities for JAVA Engine:1. Applying license (Licensing Adapter Service)2. Configuring logs (Log Configurator)3. Adding Server Process (Config Tool)4. Configuring Time out period (Http Provider)5. Configuring JAVA System to send information to SLD (SLD Data Supplier Service)6. Defining Admin Users7. Working with UME Provider service to restrict the parameters of userid and password8. Assigning security roles using security provider service.9. Define RFC connections from JAVA to backend systems (JCORFC)10. Applying patches, add-ons using SDM & JSPM (Update the system to level 18)11. Defined backup schedule using BRTools (Oracle), Enterprise Manager in SQL Server12. Installed additional dialogue instances13. Defined process documentation14. Installed Netweaver Developer studio to start the development.15. Configured JVM memory using config tool.16. Defined the user management UME - for Integrated SU01, for a standalone JAVA engine (SU01,LDAP, UME(Java Itself)) define user store.17. Configured SLD18. Define System Landscape (http://<hostname>:50000/devinf) usage type DI should be selected.Note: Solution Manager installed with usage type JAVA and SLD is configured on it.Both the systems are used to maintain the landscape information.Need to take complete usr directory backup for JAVACIM - Component Information Model.CR_Content - This is content repositoryThis two informations are updated by SAP as per Note 669669 210. 210Always one patch less than the Market place available patch.19. Goto DB13 or BRTOOLS to schedule backup. On the SQL Server - Management Studio - Select the system - Goto Maintenance plan - Define the schedule for backup. Or Select database rt click - BackupBRTOOLS Backup Recover Restore toolDB13 calls internally BRTools.System Copy of JAVA Based systemsSystem Copy / Homogenous Copy Existing System PRDUpgrade PRD without touching the box PRD.OS For this take the backup of PRDDB New system buildPatches Install central instance RestoringSapinst Tool Install database ..........................DB Refresh/ System Refresh PRD DEV QAS120GB 125GB PRD 2009 (500GB) Rename PRD to QAS QASRepository consists of Functions, Screens, Programs etc..,Scenario: 1. JAVA System Copy 2. Heterogeneous System Copy 211. 211JAVA System Copy/ DB refresh ERP EP XI BI DI CRM SCM With JAVA Stack SRMSAP Provides system copy option in the installation master DVD from Netweaver onwards.Insert Installation master - Additional software tasks life cycle - select source system (PRD) - Preparation Export Split - select export database 1. File System 2. Database backup Only export the file system - Goto the target system import the databaseSystem Copy: While performing a system copy using SAP tools it will prompt whether database can beexported (use database specific methods) This option should be unchecked if we are performing thefollowing. 1. Code page conversion 2. OS / DB Migration changing OS or DBNote: It is a time consuming process because the complete database content is exported into anindependent format which will suite to all operating systems and databases. In case of a system refresh select Database specific tools so that the DB can be restored from avalid backup which will minimizes the export and import. In this case it exports the directory structure,SDM and application
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specific content. (D:tmp) 18-Jul-09Discussion class about System Copy. 19-Jul-09No class 20-Jul-09 212. 212Memory ManagementPhysical Memory: The memory that is installed on the machine and allocated to the machine byPHYS_MEMSIZE.Virtual Memory: (SWAP) The memory that is installed could not cater to the requirements of the users so a partof disk is used temporarily which is referred as virtual memory. It should atleast 20GB or 3 times theRAM (which ever is larger)Shared Memory: The memory that is shared by OS DB and R3 Processes.Local Memory: The memory reserved for a work process Ztta/ roll_areaExtended Memory: The memory that is exclusively measured for all the SAP WP (It is a part of sharedmemory) 213. 213 Ztta/roll_extension per user context Em/initial_size_mb = 512MBHeap Memory: The memory that is dedicated to a process till the completion of the task or timeout. ABAP/heaplimit ABAP/heap_area_dia ABAP/heap_area_nondia ABAP/heap_area_totalNote: If any error encountered like Storage_parameters_wrong_set its a memory issue.Memory Usage sequence: Zttaroll_first 20 KB Zttaroll_ext 500MB Roll_Area 20MB ABAP/ Heap 2 GB PVT ModeDIA - WP congestion or Hour glass ModeWP goes to pvt mode then use DPMON and kill the session.Eg:Note: Use only 50% of Extnd Memory for PVTMinimizing the work process will causes Hour Glass 214. 214Eg:Search for Rdisp* from Rz10 Rdisp/max_priv_time Rdisp/wppriv_max_no (wont waits for default 600secs)Eg: Say for eg: 4GB 50% 2GB 2GB/ 250 = 8Note:SM04 is used to find how much memory is consuming with Tcode.ST02 Over all memory Page, Roll, HeapSM50Refer : SM56/ SM66Note: All the memory parameters need a restart as the memory is @ OS level.Command soladm> memlimitsMultiple instances on a single serverThen for eg : 64GB 16 16 PHYS_MEMSIZE 16 16 215. 215MEMORY ALLOCATION: 1. When a user request for a resource the Work Process rolls the user context forhandling the task. 2. In order to roll in the User Context it consumes memory that is configured bymemory ztta/roll_first. 3. If this memory is not sufficient then it uses the extended memory i.e.,configured by ztta/roll_extension 4. If Extended memory is not sufficient then it uses the remaining part of the localmemory i.e. configured by ztta/roll_area 5. If local memory is not sufficient the it uses the heap memory that is configuredby abap/heap_area_dia which is a part of abap/heap_area_total 6. if the work process uses the heap memory it is said to be in private mode andits runtime cannot be controlled by Rdisp/max_wp_runtime but it is controlled by Rdisp/max_priv_time If more number of WP goes into pvt mode then memory bottle neck/ hourglass/ WPcongestion occurs which can be resolved by killing the expensive work process using DPMONbecause logon is not possible to kill through SM50. Each WP required around 75MB to 150MB (DVEBMGS) of memory. This memory shouldbe configured by (PHYS_MEMSIZE). Each dialogue WP serves5 - 10 Users. The above scenario is on process based.JAVA MEMORY ALLOCATION JAVA memory is managed by JAVA Virtual machine. The programs are loaded usingclass loader, byte codes are verified before they are interpreted. JAVA uses heap memory to ensure that the requests are completed. Heap memory is configured using -XMS 1024M from config tool.It is only configured for Active instances i.e. only local configuration is allowed. Dispatcher and serverhas their own values. 216. 216While interpreting the requests if a new content is fetched it uses NEW GENERATION MEMORYwhich is configured by parameter. - XX:NEWSIZE - XX:MAXNEWSIZEIt will be 1/3rd the size of heap memoryEg: for 1GB(1024) Heap 341MBPERMANANT GENERATION MEMORY: If the content that is interpreter is required permanently (JVM) (classes, packages,methods) then it will uses PERMANANT GENERATION MEMORY. It is configure by the parameter -XX: PERMSIZE -XX: MAXPERMSIZE It will be around 1/4th of the Heap memory.Note: Only server process requires more memory because it needs to process the user requests.OLD GENERATION MEMORY: (Tenured Generation) If the content is old and can be reused then it will uses OLD/ Tenured generation. It is calculated by using new generation memory. Heap memory = OLD + NEW GENERATION MEMORYFor server process the new generation memory will be 1/6th of the Heap size or 1/4th of the PERMsize. If the content is not eligible to store it will be thrown into garbage (GC)Should be careful while changing the memory parameters1. It effects only after restarting the system. 21-Jul-09JAVA Authorization Concept - User Master record in SAP system - SU01 or USR02 table authentication in SAP system - It provides userid and password- the data/functions that needs access are provided with the help of Roles and Profiles. 217. 217 - Authorization objects, Authorization fields & Activities Pfcg, su20, su22, su24, surc, pfud Authorization activities table creation of TACT & TACTZ - JAVA uses (Userid and Pwd) Authentication method comes from user store. User store can be 1. ABAP Engine 2. JAVA Engine itself. 3. Directory server using LDAP 4. UDDI (Universal Directory Description Integration)How to configure user Goto Security Provider in Visual Admin Tool (go. bat)JAVA Authorization Concept ABAP using SU01 JAVA Using UME Directory Server Using LDAP UDDI providerGoto - Security Provider service in Visual Admin tool - User Management Change Mode - Click on Manage Security StoreDo not modify the store unless it is recommended by SAP. The default store is UME store (UserManagement Engine).Universal Description Discovery and Integration is used to populate the users from the third partydatabase (Oracle, Siebel etc). It is an industry standard to populate the users from one database toother using web services.UME resides in J2ee EngineUME can get the users in the following ways1. Using ABAP SU01 (Mandatory in case of an Integrated Installation i.e. ABAP + JAVA). The details areavailable in UME Provider Service from VA tool.Note: No need to create RFCs to have the users to replicate in JAVA which has been created in ABAP(SU01) & LDAP.We can also use VA tool to get the configuration of the back end engine.It is also possible to have LDAP in the back end engine i.e. users can be populated in ABAP engineusing LDAP. 218. 218Note: In case of Integrated engine, ABAP engine take over the complete user management i.e. usersare created only through SU01 (The back end engine can get users from either LDAP or CUA)Note: No Client Mechanism in JAVA EngineStand alone JAVA EngineIn order to ensure the consistency of user management SAP Allows only one data store to populatethe users. UME can get the users from any one of the following Data source.a) LDAP (Light Weight Directory Access protocol)b) SU01 of ABAP Enginec) UME itselfd) UDDI (Universal Directory Description Integration)a) LDAP (Light Weight Directory Access protocol) It is used to populate the users from a directory server (MSADS - Microsoft Active Directory),(Lotus-Domino from IBM), IPlanet. Goto - Config Tool (usrsap<sid>jc01j2eeconfig tool.bat) Select UME LDAP data and provide the following info.
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219. 219 (datasource_ldap.xml) - Specify the server name ................ willsys.saperp.net - specify the server port ................ 389 (default for MSADS) - specify the active user, password to read the info from ADS - specify the userpath, account and group path. - save and test the connection/ Test authorizationUserpath: it shows where the users are placed common name : BASISThe above information is provided by Domain administrator.The same can be configured using User Admin tool.http://<hostname>:50000/ useradminClick on Configuration_provider and provide the above details. Save and restart to get this effected.b) Users from ABAP engine Goto - UME Provider service / User Admin tool Click on configuration Select the abap.xml file and specify Client, userid/ pwd, Logon lang and host name.SAPJSF - this user contains the role.* SAP_BC_JSF_Communication_RO (read only) we can also cerate our own user but the above role isrequired to communicate with J2ee.c) UME Engine The UME manages users by itself (Very rare) Goto - User Admin to create user Assign roles etc We can also use Visual Admin tool - security provider service - User management to create usersRoles: Roles are used to provide access to data and functions. As discussed above users are onlypopulated from the backend systems we need to assign roles in the J2ee engine to access thefunctionality over the web so, in order to access a report on the web the user should have permissions 220. 220both on the J2ee/ ABAP (back end system). If any one of them are missing user cannot access thefunctionality.R/3 Roles are groups in JAVA EngineUME Roles - To work on JAVA EngineSecurity Roles - To restrict the applicationR/3 Roles - are the groups in JAVAGroup of roles are controlled by authorization group.SU54 Authorization Group. Refer: TDDAT, TDRG 22-Jul-09ROLESJAVA Roles ABAP RolesActions Authority checkPermissions Authority ObjectDefined in programs field valueRole: Is the collection of favorites, menus, composite profiles etc.Roles are used to protect the base of the JAVA EngineNOTE: SAP_ALL (S_RFC is not accessed)ABAP roles wont play any role in JAVA authorizationSOX: Segregating roles to different users. A business transaction should not be assigned to a singleperson to avoid the fund misusage 221. 221Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) 23-Jul-09AUTHORIZATION ROLES: Roles provide the activities that can be performed by user. ABAP roles does nothave any authorization in JAVA Engine. JAVA Roles are defined as 2 types 1. UME Roles 2. J2EE Security roles.UME Roles: J2ee core engine is built with Java programs. Each program that needs control is definedby permissions. - Permissions are grouped into actions - Actions are assigned to the rolesNote: There is no need to create UME roles unless SOX is in place.a) User Administrationb) Role and Administrationc) Support and AdministrationJ2EE Security Roles 222. 222SAP Applications are ported on J2EE Engine. These applications provide functionality tocommunicate with backend system (functionality means screens, programs or generic connection tothe back end)Each Application should be defined with roles that appears as J2EE security roles. As the programsneeds security the developer should identify and define them during development. Duringdeployment the descriptions should specify the roles. In most of the programs web.xml contains theroles and these are displayed in Visual Admin tool Services - Security provider service - Security roles.These roles need to be assigned to the users using VA tool. Due to the discontinuation of VA Tool,these roles will be moved to portal roles and can be assigned using User Admin tool.Example: SLD: The role name is lcradministrator is now displayed as UME Role. However otherapplication roles will be displayed as portal roles. Portal roles are application roles that are used to protect business packages. Even though fullauthorization is provided in JAVA engine we may not able to access the content/ functionality in theback end system unless ABAP roles are assigned to the user.Note: ABAP roles are used to protect the sensitive data like HR information, Functional information,Material information, Sale Info etc. Java roles provide screens, pages to display the above data.User should authenticate to login JAVA and Authorized to access the screens. Also should haveauthorization in the back end engine.SAP_BC_RolesSU, RZ (Profiles, Alerts, CCMS)SM (Monitoring)ST (traces, Transport)LDAP - SM591. Execute SM592. Define a connection of Type T3. Specify the connection (LDAP Connector)4. Create an (System User) not SU01 user5 Define LDAP Server by using connector6. Connect to the LDAP server using system user7. Define LDAPMAP for user attributes (users that are defined in ADS needs to be mapped w.r.t. SU01)8. The traffic light should be green 223. 2239. Use LDAPLog to check the user synchronization logs.10. Schedule synchronization using RSLDAPSync_user11. Use RSLDAPTEST in SA38 to test ADS (Active Directory Server)JAVA Monitoring1. Monitor the work directory so that Dev_Rfc; Dev_Rd are not populated largely (the growth indicatesthe RFC issue).2. Log files in cluster directory and archive them frequently. Log files such as default.trc J2eeclusterserver03 Monitor the space (there should not much growth on the file system, unless the log files growabnormally, patch application, tran/eps/in (Can be cleared)4. Monitor the growth of the Archived logs.5. The DB growth will be normal as there were no updates but keep an eye on the size of DB if customupdates are defined. JAVA require only memory and CPU no need of DBRequest -----> JAVA ----->Stores in the ERP ABAP SystemSelect count(*) from DBA_TABLES where owner = SAPSR3DB;333Where as for SAPSR3293276. Use log viewer service to monitor the logs related to the applications.7. Ensure that traces are not switched on during normal operations(they will fill the OS and the J2EEengine may not be started)8. Using monitoring service to monitor the user request overview. component overview and identifythe critical requests with high response time.9. The response time is defined as 2 to 3 seconds depending on the system resources.(It purelydepends on the backend system database time)10. The backend system may sabotage(damage) the response time of J2ee Engine so it is alsorequired to fine tune the back end systems (running DB stats, identify the missing indexes etc) 224. 22411. User creation and role assignment12. Patching the systems using SDM and JSPM13. Upgrade the kernel to level 18514. Upgrade the system to NW EHP115. Deployed business packages like ESS, MSS, XMII and BINote: X Cross APPs - It is a manufacturing, integration and Intelligence16. Worked with SLD assigned roles LCR* to configure SLD both manually and using NWA Tool.17. Installed standalone gateway/ and configured parameter Data supplier18. Configured ABAP engine using RZ70 to populate information into SLD.19. Configured JAVA engine using SLD DS service to populate info in to SLD20. Defined technical systems of ABAP, JAVA and NON-SAP systems21. Imported the latest CR Content into SLD from the Market place.22. Performed backup of the SLD so that it can be imported during SLD Inconsistencies23. Defined XI Domain and included technical & business systems.24. Displayed the SLD Logs during Import errors25. Defined products, software components for third party vendors.26. Define the landscape and include all the systems in the landscape. SOLMAN SLDAdministration SLD is only a landscape information serviceTADM 10_2 based on J2EE engine.
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225. 225 24-Jul-09SLD: SYSTEM LANDSCAPE DIRECTORY AND SOLUTION MANAGER SLD provides the landscape information of both SAP and NON-SAP systems. This is required asa part of the ITIL standards. IT Infrastructure library standards.DMTF- Distributed Management task force is an initiative to provide the information of the availablesystems in the landscape.SLD - DMTFSLD is available using url http://<hostname>:50000/sld. In order to work with SLD we needlcradministrator role. It can be assigned using Visual Admin Tool but now in User Admin Tool. SLD can be initialized by using NWA tool. By default SLD is configured in the J2EE engine.NWA tool is to check the SLD, Startup and also the availability of SLD to other systems. Eg. SLD on a standalone J2EE engine is not available to other systems, because SLD needs agateway which is available through ABAP engine. To work with standalone gateway to be installed onthe SLD.RZ70 NWA Tool - click - deploy and change configuration views 226. 226 - Initial configuration or - All configuration tasksPost Installation activities can be done from here for PI, BI, MI, EP, etc.Installing Standalone Gateway: Sapinst.exe - Netweaver 2004s - Standalone Engine - Gateway Gateway installationSLDDSUSER (for Directory Server User)SDAPIUSER (for communication) Created with master passwordsSLD_UCSLD_NUC RFCs are created to establish communication with SLD.REGISTERING ABAP SYSTEM: We can register a system in SLD, but it is recommended to use RZ70 in ABAP engine 227. 227Specify the following details1. BTC job interval (default is 720 minutes)2. Specify the RFC (Use explicit if there is an RFC customized to communicate with SLD. Automatic(Recommended) RFC to SLD_UC/ SLD_NUC.3. Specify the SLD Bridge information SLD host and the gateway (we need to install gateway in case of J2EE engine)4. SAVE and Activate / Execute to send the information to SLD. SAP_SLD_DATA_COLLECT SAP_SLD_DATA_STARTUP5. It uses SLD_UC RFC connection (Type TCP/IP T)REGISTERING JAVA ENGINE1. Run Visual admin tool2. Goto SLD Data Supplier Service3. Specify the details like SLD Host and Gateway4. Save the settings with interval 720 Minutes. The system is registered in SLDREGISTERING NON-SAP SYSTEMS Systems like XI, Seibel, Remedy can be registered as a third party systems.To define a third party system we need to define Product and the Software component version. Under software Catalog - Click productsSLD is used for the following1. Used to register ABAP, JAVA and NON-SAP Systems.2. Used as LIS (Landscape Information Provider System)3. It provides the details of each managed systems like OS, DB, SAP Application, patch levels, clientinformation, logon groups, number of instances, message server etc.4. It provides the available and current patch level information using CIM/ CR_Content(Component Information Model and Content Repository) This information is updated bydownloading from SAP Market place using note 669669.5. It is also used to import and export the CIM information. 228. 2286. It is used to define the system landscape and system domain.7. Used to define business systems(Business systems are associated systems that are used in XI Domain)(Technical system is a system which is pointed to Hostname, RFC and the Gateway)But business system is a technical system pointing to a business client.It is possible to have more business systems from a single technical system.8. All the systems to configure as backend for EP, XI, BI needs to be registered as Technical systems inSLD. 25-Jul-09SLD, CIMSAP.zip, CR_CONTENT.zip contains their own versionsGoto SLD Administration and click on details to display the versions. TYPES OF SLD1. SINGLE SLDThere will be only one SLD in the landscape which provides the complete information of systems inthe landscape. This is used in small mid sized companies where only one landscape is maintained.2. DISTRIBUTED SLDCompanies like HP, P&G, GE, Coke has their global presence through out the world which maintainsmultiple landscapes across the world. It will be difficult to fetch the information of all the systems using single SLD. So it isrecommended to have individual SLD for each landscape and communicate each other using datasuppliers.Note: 1.4.31 contains 382 Products and 2189 Software components.Downloads Tab > SAP Distribution Center >Downloads >Support Patches and Contents 229. 229 >My Company Application ComponentCIMSAP_CR > Import the file to this folder.CIMSAP.ZIP, CR_CONTENT.ZIP provides the product and software components versions that arereleased by SAP. It is used for comparison with market place products.3. ISLAND SLDCompanies may require Data security. Production systems and they doesnt want the SLD to beshared between DEV, QAS and PRD. All the production systems in the landscape uses a different SLDcalled as ISLAND SLD. SLD can be started and stopped using the option Administration. It will not effect theoperation of J2EE Engine.SLD Log 1. It provides the log settings and filter 2. Used to display the logs of a SLD runtime 3. Export and Import logs 4. To display the SLD, CIM and CR ContentProfile It is used to set various parameters that are required by the SLD (Do not change theparameters during import, export and backup) 230. 230Eg: In a standalone J2ee installed reset the Data supplier parameter. Gateway host, gatewayservice. Default trace should be false.Note: ABAP should know which gateway it should be used.Data Supplier: We can configure other SLDs in case if we are defining distributed SLD.System Message: SM069 SM02Content: Import export backup. It provides the product and software component information alongwith systems that are configured on the SLD.Import: Basically this is used to import the content that is delivered by SAP. But we can also importthe content that is exported earlier from the same SLD.Backup: It is used to take the backup of SLD content. It contains only time stamp to differentiatebetween backups. Backup (Copy of SLD Content)Export: It is similar to backup but versions are maintained between exports along with time stamp.Content Maintenance: Used to define the role of systems in the landscapeEg: XI-Domain, Integration Repository, Adapter Engine, TREX server.Also used to define associated systems in the XI-Domain.Class Browser: It displays the class information of the CIM Model.Change Logs: Used to display the logs of content change based on user name, class name and thetime interval.Name Space: Used to define the namespace for developing the objects by default SLD/Active isprovided. 231. 231 26-Jul-09UPGRADE MOTIVATION 1. The product is out of maintenance and support. Eg: R/3 4.6C maintenance is expires on Dec 2005Each SAP Product is supported based 5-1-2 i.e.5 Years with normal maintenance fee i.e. 17%6 Year with additional 2% i.e. 19% and7 Year and 8th Year with additional 2% i.e. 21% + Country Taxes.The additional fees are based on total cost + additional users4.7 Enterprise edition normal maintenance ends in 2009100 Users - 50 Lakhs150 Users - 50 Lakhs + 10 Lakhs ----------- 2 YearsThe license is valid till 31.12.9999SAP Supports support packages, stacks, notes, patches, upgrade, runtime support, license key,developer keys etc. All of the above can be obtained by using suserid of the other companyMaintenance optimizer is introduced to approve the patches related to our landscape.From JAN 2009 maintenance certificate will be issued for every 3 months. After 3 months it locks theSPAM.The Hardware doesnt support the current load and users encounter-frequent bottle necks onmemory CPU and storage.To get the enhanced features that are
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provided in the current release.SAP upgrade may involves O/S and database upgrade which drastically improves performance on thenew hardware.Upgrade never impacts on the DB Size. The upgrade only upgrades data dictionary and repositoryobjects.The same OS, DB, R/3 patch levels for homogenous. Different OS, Different DB but same R/3 versionwith patch levels- Heterogeneous.It is not possible to refresh database of 4.7EE on ECC5.0 vice versa because the complete DD andRepository is different.If the DB Schema ID/ Owner is SAPR3... then the version is 4.6C and below. 232. 232If the DB Schema ID/ Owner is SAP<SID> it is 4.7EE - ECC5.0If the DB Schema ID/ Owner is SAPSR3 then it is an ABAP system on NW7.0If the DB Schema ID/ Owner is SAPSR3DB then it is JAVA sys on NW7.0If the DB Schema ID/ Owner is SAPSR3SHD then it is a shadow instance on NW7.0SAPSR4 - another instance.UPGRADE PLAN1. Download upgrade master/ upgrade technical guide2. Verify the compatibility of OS/DB/SMP/PAM (Product Availability Matrix)3. Perform Hardware sizing with expected growth of database for next 3 years.4. Run the prepare well in advance.5. Download the software from Market place/ SWDC6. Download relevant JRE7. Download upgrade notes and known problems8. Upgrade key from solution manager and upgrade key from master note are required.9. Decision on support packages10. Decision on Add-ons11. Decision on Languages12. Upgrade SAPUP, R3TRANS, SAPCAR, TP if required.13. SPDD and SPAU correction needs to be handled.14. Do not skip any phase in prepare/ modify the logs manually. Read the checks.log for the prepareerrors.15. Upgrade should be performed in the sequence of landscape.16. The upgrade timelines should be calculated on the mock system with production data.17. Define the best strategy for upgrade (Downtime/ Resource) minimised18. Upgrade may involve OS, DB upgrades as well plan them accordingly/ separately(OS , R/3, DB should not be done at a time) Eg: WinNT Oracle 8i 4.6c OS upgrade from NT to 2003/2008 Oracle 8i to 9.2 to 10.2.0.4 R/3 4.6c to ECC6.0 SR319. Unicode consumes atleast 40% more than the current system resources. 27-Jul-09 233. 23320. Development and Technical teams need to certify the upgrade before going live.21. Prepare and upgrade phase list are provided with expected percentage of time. Use that list todocument the phases and to update the status to management and SAP.22. Document all the interfaces and 3rd party tools like IFS, VERTEX, VIRSA, Background Schedulerslike TIDAL, MAESTRO, REDWOOD, CONTROL IN etc.Running Prepare Prepare need to be executed and ensure that all the prepare phases are run successfully. Prepare prepares the system for upgrade by checking all the pre-requisites and documents inchecks.log Mount the upgrade master and execute prepare.bat to create a directory and extractexecutables. On UNIX we may need to create /usr/sap/put with SIDADM as the owner with atleast 10GB ofspace. Upgrade runs on client - server mode. So upgrade server needs to be started to run theupgrade assistant. Use the following commands to start the server and GUIJAVA -cp<upgrade directory> uaua.jarNOTE: There is no upgrade to ECC6.0 from below versions 4.6cMySAP (CRM, SRM, SCM..)Accelerated Components (XI,PI, BI,..........)All the components are priced based on business suite. A user created in component can access othercomponents with same license key. SR1 ->SR2 ->SR3 ->EHP1 ->EHP2 ->EHP3Say for Eg: if a product costs 60 Lakhs 50% discount will be given by the SAP 30 Lakhs but the maintenance cost is calculated on the whole (60L)PREPARE Can run during production operations.It is used to run before upgrade 234. 234I. INPUT PHASE It checks all the pre-requisites and writes into checks.logOS, DB upgrade, Additional Hardware. All the above phases can run individually or can run as a total. It checks for the following OS Versions, DB versions, Disk space, File system,Patches, languages, kernel, readability of profiles etc.Eg: If profiles (Startup, Default, Instance) are corrupted or not readable the PREPARE fails. put directory is an upgrade directory.In the INPUT phase provide the following1. SAP<SID>, Instance number, batch host (The instance that provides the background process).Profile paths usrsap<sid>sysprofile, Host name, Mount point of CDs (Upgrade master, kernel,upgrade languages, upgrade exports) From 4.6c to ECC6.0II. INITIALISATION PHASE Specify the parameter dir_put (put = usrsapput) put directory is the upgradedirectory which hosts exe, log etc. During initialization it checks for OS, DB Versions, checks for enough space in theput directory for import, checks RFC connection using DDIC pwd and the client. Checks the connectivity with the DB. 235. 235III. IMPORT PHASE It performs extraction of release dependent data and the support packageimports. It performs a test import (DDIC Import) activation, distribution, conversion, move name tabsand performs main import. It also checks for incomplete imports.IV. INSTALLATION Provide the following details for upgrade shadow system.1. Instance number of shadow system, port number, kernel directory, profiles (usrsapput), createDB_user for shadow instance. Include support packages in the BIND_PATCH phase, Add-ons inIS_SELECT phase and languages LANG_SELECT. It checks for unreleased transports, add on conflicts,language compatibility and database issues like table space over flow (ORA-1631 & 32), (ORA-1653 &54)Archieve IssuesEnsure that all the prepare modules ran successfully to proceed for the upgrade.Note: usrsapputlog specifies the log files during the upgrade.During the prepare phase we need to download the upgrade fix FIX.SAR 28-Jul-09PREPARE also checks the following- Free database size and recommends the tablespaces that needs to be extended.- Free extents in the tablespaces which needs to increase (ORA-1631; ORA-1632)- Checks the Archive directory (ORA-272; ORA-255)- Checks the connectivity to the database (ORA 12500)- Checks the space in the upgrade directory- The should not be any terminated/ Pending updates- There should not be any unreleased transport requestsSPAD/ SPAUDuring the upgrade it only changes the SAP standard data structure like tables, programs, screens,menus, function modules etc.Customer might have changed the above objects by obtaining SSCR keys (SAP Software ChangeRegistration) or they are upgraded by Note, Patch, Support Package, Stack etc. 236. 236During the upgrade it prompts SPDD/ SPAUSPDD: for the data dictionary elements (like table, domain and the dataelement). Eg: Employee ID is 25 ; EMPID 25(INT) is changed into EMPID 50(INT)SPAU: for repository objects like (Reports, Screens, Programs RICEF) that is code which is written inABAP is changed.The SPAD & SPAU changes can be recorded in development system to change requests. which can beincluded in the upgrade of other systems in the landscape.TIPS1. TABLE E070 - stores all the change requests.2. SAPINST.log - stores the installation time taken.3. From service.sap.com > My Profile > Single sign on for SAP Certificate4. SDM, SPAM, SAINTTABLE E070 UPGRADATION FROM 4.7C TO ECC6SICKSE06RZ10System name : Can be find from RZ10StmsSlicense (HW Key)E:usrsapputus> java -cp ua.jar UaServer us> java -cp uagui.jar UaServerto bring up the Upgrade (Assistant) WizardFrom Menu Start > PREPARE 237. 237Provide the following or follow the on screen for inputsHost : willsysdellUser name : administratorMount
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Points - Provide SAP Components - upgrademasterUMN Windows - Kernel - Lang1 - to Lang6 - upgradesap upgrade1UPG1 - to UPG16Sapcar -xvf *.sar (TO car the sar files)Usrsaptransepsin (Support Packs)The standard objects should be corrected within 14days after an upgrade. After 14 days we need toobtain SCCR KeysUpgrade Process: We need to choose the strategy either downtime minimised or resourceminimised.Downtime minimised provides high availability to the system which is going to upgrade.ACCTIT Large size tablesCOEP 29-Jul-09[TP R3 Trans] ------Communicates with DB Depends on OSTP Connects to the database using R3TRANS.R3Trans is capable of converting the DB specific data into OS independent/ DB independent cofiles/datafilesThat is why support packages, Add-ons, CRT, Notes, DB Exports are OS/ DB independent.In order to apply them to a specific database and O/S TP, R3TRANS should be capable ofcommunicate with DB Libraries and update database. 238. 238TP, R3TRANS should be compatible with DB specific libraries to connect to DB for import.Note: No business data @ OS level or file system.> tp connect DEV pf=E:usrsaptransbinto_domain_dev.pflTo read parameters from tp_domain_<SID>.pfl TP initializes R3TRANS and writes all the jobs in TRBATand TRJOB.RDDIMPDP, RDDNEWPP jobs should be scheduled in client 000 using user DDIC (DDIC should not belocked)RDD* Jobs are scheduled in the background which reads content from TRBAT and TRJOB and importinto DBR3load - ctf (Create Task File)R3load - I/E *.cmd *.tsk *.log *.tpl *.toc *.str*.data *.tsk.bak T - Table D - Data P - Primary Key These all will be in the Task File I - Index View.STR files are provided by SAP (We can create STR Files during the exports)1. Structure 239. 2392. Splitter3. DB Export with DB specific method4. DB Export ... DB export methodUse option 4 only heterogeneous environment/ Unicode conversionExport the structureImport the structurePerform table splittingThe above two options are used to handle large databases to perform parallel export and import.However DB export will be performed by option 3 only.Experienced OS/ DB Consultants can trigger all the above at OS level using R/3 load.DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE DIJDI is used to provide development of JAVA programsDI is an usage type which provides JAVA transport Management system (Change ManagementSystem) to move the developed objects in the landscape.Programs/ Reports SE38DomainData elementTables SE11Function Module SE37Screens SE51Menus SE41 240. 240Forms SE71 (Medruck)Transaction SE91Note: Transaction is a logical entity (internally contains Programs/ Reports)[Prog/ Report] in pfcg roleCofiles, Data files, Transport Requests will be in our scope1. Change request of type Work Bench2. Customizing - Table entries 30-Jul-091. ABAP development resides in the Database. No specific format for ABAP Programs. Refer Table TADIR, TRDIR, DD02L, TFDIR.2. ABAP requires SE38 transaction to perform development.3. ABAP requires both compiler and Interpreter (F3 & F8) Save, Activate and Execute.4. ABAP Development is Central where as JAVA Development is Local.5. ABAP Objects are consistent because the objects are locked by a developer while modifying thecode while others can only display.6. ABAP development consists of the same program with different versions from developers. DataInconsistency (In BI, PI there is a locking system)7. ABAP uses TP, R3Trans to move the objects from DB to OS specific and vice versa.8. ABAP uses client mechanism to differentiate customizing 241. 2419. ABAP are not executable outside the SAP environment.10. ABAP uses transport routes/ transport layers to transport the object.JAVA1. JAVA development resides at file system.2. JAVA can be programmed using any of the editor at file system.3. JAVA requires JRE, javac and java to save, compile and execute program4. JAVA uses SDM to move the object to the landscape5. JAVA uses CMS and four system landscape (At least 3 system landscape) CMS - Change management system6. JAVA uses the entire system to differentiate customizing because JAVA does not have clientcustomization.7. JAVA Programs are executable provided we have JRE8. JAVA is Case Sensitive but ABAP is not case sensitive.9. ABAP uses transport routes/ Transport layers to transport the objects. JAVA uses tracks to transport the objects.10. ABAP objects are defined in the custom name space Y and Z. JAVA objects are defined based onproduct/ SWCV version (Software Component Version) that are defined in SLD.Eg JAVA program import java.awt.*.* Import java.net. *.* Public static void Main()JDI - JAVA DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE.1. It is an usage type provided by SAP to develop programs in-house for meeting the specificrequirement.INSTALLATION 242. 242Select the usage type DI during the installationPOST INSTALLATION.Select NWA to perform post installation activities.http://<hostname>:50000/nwaform tab Deploy and change option select scenario as DI from the Drop down. Execute.Provide the passwords for the following system.NWDI_CMSADMNWDI_DEVNWDI_ADMThese users are created during post installation to work on DI. users require certain roles to work onCMS.NWDI AdministratorJDI AdministratorNWDI DeveloperJDI DeveloperUse url http://<hostname>:50000/devinfdevinf : displays design time repository DTRThe DTR provides central file and folder based on storage of source code. Version histories andconcurrent work on resources. It enables effective team work among developers distributed overdifferent locations.Consider the diagram 243. 243Each Individual system is a DEV System but development is not done in the DEV system. If anychanges required it will be sent back to individual systems which is considered as Development.NWDS (Netweaver Developer Studio)In order to work with DI we need to be NWDI Administratorhttp://<hostname>:50000 /devinfClick on Change Management serviceConfigure check in so that the objects are checked in using the default directory.(usrsaptrans : usrsapjtrans)Configure Check in > NEWClick on Landscape configuration to configure the JAVA system Landscape.Click on DOMAIN DATA and specify the following 244. 244CMS Name DEVCMS Desc DEMOCMS Url http://willsys28:50000CMS User NWDI_CMSADMPWD *********Transport DIR d:/usr/sap/trans/eps/incmswillsys28DEVNow under DomainDomain ID DEVDomain Name DEVDomain Desc DEBExt ServersSLD Url http://willsys28:50000Save the domain.Click on the Tab Runtime SystemsCheck the following options : Development, Consolidation, Test and ProductionThat needs to be configured as a system in the landscapeProvide the details of each system as followsSpecify SDM HOSTNAME J2EE Engine URL SDM PORT NUM J2EE Engine User : J2ee_Admin SDM PASSWORD **********Select 4 systems in the landscape DEV, CONS, TEST, PROD.Developer uses developer studio to develop the programs upon successful completion they will checkin the objects into usrsaptrans of domain. (Generally domain will be development). The objects arechecked into DEV system using the credentials that are provided in runtime systems.Note:/ Mechanism: The Transport Mechanism performed by using SDM, HOST, PORT NUMBER 50018& PWD.SAVE and Click on SAVE & RESTORETRACK Track is used to define the path to move the objects. Track
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is mandatory to move theobjects. In ABAP engine the objects are assigned to development class and development class is 245. 245assigned to a transport layer and layer is assigned to a transport group and subsequently assignthe route to a system to define the landscape.In JAVA TRACK is equal to DEV CLASS and LAYER1. Define software CV/ Product2. Goto CMS define TRACK3. Include SWCV defined in SLDDefining a Track : Click on the Tab TRACK DATAFrom CMS Click on NEW Provide - Repository type DTR - Track ID DEMO - Track Name DEMO Track Desc DEMODesign time Rep URL : http://willsys28:50000/dtrComp build server URL: http://<hostname>:50000 SAVEDTR - Design time repository Design time repository is used to maintain the versions. 246. 246CBS - Component build service used to build the componentsNote: This DI Configuration is only required when there is a need to develop the products, softwarecomponents and programs specific to industry requirements. As a new consultant we need to performthe following.1. Define Product and software component version in SLD2. Define the Domain3. Define the tracks4. Include the run time systems5. Move the objects between systems either manually or using DI6. Define users and assign roles so that users can work on CMSInstallation of NW Studio on developer PCsNote: Even though DI is introduced for transporting the objects EP, XI, BI has their own transportpackage, transport mechanism to transport the objects.Eg. BI - STMS EP Transport of Packages (Export/ Import) PI/XI - Export Objects and Import Objects BI-JAVA - is deployed on portal so it uses transport of the packages.Deploy service is provided in Visual Admin Tool to import the small objects. 31-Jul-09SINGLE CODE PAGE Each database supports various languages depending upon the code page i.e. selected. SAP components are installed on code page 1100 which supports English, German & Otherlanguages. It is not possible to access the system in Chinese, Japanese and Korean etc using the samecode page.MDMP Multi display multiple processing.If the customer is not satisfied with the Single code page then we need to install additional codepages i.e. blended code page.SAP from 2007 onwards implemented Unicode i.e. all the products will be released on Unicode only.MDMP has various issues during upgrade and migration. There are around 3000 MDMP logon/system_lang = EN 247. 247Unicode supports all the languages because if it is installed on double byte code depending upon thelanguage.Zcsa/ system_languageAbap/buffersizeUnicode consumes 40% resources than a Non-Unicode system.Unicode is installed on code page 4101 or 4102 which depends on Endian [Little Or Big].Little Endian is used by Windows NT, LINUXBig Endian is used by HPUNIX, AIX, SUN SOLARIS and ISERIES.Big Endian stores the most significant byte in the smallest address.Unicode to Non-Unicode is not possibleBlended code page - Multiple language with different code page.Pre-Requisites for UnicodeFrom market place/Unicode (Unicode Media library)SPUMG: It checks for all the tables that needs to be converted to Unicode. It runs for hours1. Executes the background jobs from the Unicode conversion2. Execute the transaction SPUMG and schedule the consistency check for all the tables (Transparent,Pooled and Cluster Tables) depending upon the size of the database. It may take hours.Note: Without executing SPUMG Unicode conversion is not possible.3. Export the database using Non-Unicode kernel. While exporting select Unicode(Little Endian or BigEndian)4. Specify the parallel process at least to increase speed depending upon the available resources.5. Install the system with option target system using Unicode kernel.SAP Note: 648016 Conversion to Unicode.* NUC to UC happens only during the Exports. 248. 248 01-Aug-09Current Environment Problem1. Too many applications like ERP, SCM, SRM, Mailbox, File Browser, Web browser2. Too many GUIs (Outlook Client, SAP GUI, Web server GUI, IE etc.)3. Too many passwords to remember.4. Lock of Interface and Integration.5. Less Productivity.How to resolve?1. Single interface with back end connectivity.2. Single point of access to all the applications.3. Single sign on to communicate with all the applications.4. WebTop i.e. browser used to communicate without any GUI Installation.Motivation of PortalPortal provides a role based, user based, single point of access to all the applications.Portal is meant for - to make effective use of JRE.Customers having applications like Microsoft, Exchange Server, Domino Server, Web Server, FileServer, Oracle Apps, Siebel, SAP ERP, CRM, XI, SRM etc.Customer needs multiple GUI to communicate with each of them.Customer needs the people centric, role based single point of access, in the specific language to allthe applications.Customer (SONY) should provide the feasibility to work from home for developers, technicalconsultants, functional consultants and end users.SAP Introduced Enterprise Portal to overcome the above issues. It provides the following.1. People centric, web based, role based, language specific, single point of access to applications.2. It provides an interface to communicate with all the applications 249. 2493. It provides 20 Languages by default.4. No GUI is required (Browser serves the purpose)5. Single sign on is configured to communicate with all applications. However authorizations needs tobe maintained in the back end systems. SSO provides only authentication (Single Sign on)6. SAP provides predefined content in the name of business packages which can be deployed byusing JSPM.7. SAP provides development environment using visual composer which is a web based tool.8. SAP provides administration environment for Monitoring, Administration, User management,Transportation etc. over the web.9. EP Provides collaborative environment where employees, managers, suppliers, vendors, otherscustomers communicate over the web.10. EP provides content management which is the part of Knowledge Management to access thedocuments from various repositories.11. EP provides rooms, chatting engine, quick poll, FAQs, user forums, news, announcements etc.12. EP provides Interactive environment where logos, banners, screens and desktops can becustomized.13. It provides personalization to select our own themes, fonts and colors etc.14. It provides user friendly navigational features, history of navigation, favorites etc.15. It provides self registration features for the guests.16. It resides on the proven JAVA Engine there by using all the features of JAVA.17. Its License cost is around 1/5th of the ABAP license cost and cost depends upon negotiation.ABAP engine user can use EP without any license. 250. 250INSTALLATIONSimilar to JAVA Engine we need BI functionality is required over web then Include BI-JAVA usage type.HARDWARE SIZINGSizing is an activity that is calculated over web using sizing tool provided by SAP. It is used tocalculate the hardware resources that are required by the selected application based on number ofusers.Users are categorized into 3 types 1. High Users (concurrent users) 2. Medium Users 3. Low usersUsers are segregated based on the answer time between pages.ABAP Users1. Low users 0-480 dialogue steps/ 40 hrs2. Medium users 480-4800 Dialogue steps/ 40 Hrs3. High users 4800 to 144000 Dialogue steps / 40 hrs 480 dialogue steps = 40 * 60 * 60 seconds Each DS = 40*60*60/ 480 = 300 secondsAssuming
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each PO high volume consumes 12 dialogue steps. User creates 8 POs per day.But in general PO is created with 8 DS 96/8 = 12 POs per day.Dialogue steps1. Logging in - One dialogue step2. Issuing SU01 Tcode - One dialogue step3. Selecting field - One dialogue step*ST03 Work load analysisWe can find number of dialogue steps2. Medium Users Each DS = 40 *60*60/4800 = 30 Seconds I.e. 120 POs per day 251. 2513. High Users Each DS = 40 * 60*60/ 14400 = 10 Seconds 360 POs per dayJAVA SIZING As it is web based the time taken to flip between pages is considered.Low Users Consumes 600 SecondsMedium Users Consumes around 180 SecondsHigh Users Consumes 30 Seconds.User SAP Proprietary tool (QUICK sizer) 02-Aug-09SIZING Tools1. Specify the customer number2. Name the project3. Cust info like contact no, maid, Country Name4. Platform/ Hardware details like OS DB, Backup mirroring, RAID, CLUSTER, STANDBY Server, NetworkConnectivity, Band width etc.5. Specify the component (Usage type BI, EP, XI)6. Specify the users low, medium, high7. Save and calculate the resultResults provide the following1. Hard ware details like CPU, Memory and Storage2. Storage Capacity 1000 GB3. Memory - 32000 MB4. CPU systems of SAP (SAP APP) benchmark for performing standard It is calculated based on SDModule i.e. for every 2000 sales document that are created 100SAPS/ HrSales order contains more dialogue steps. SAPs is an unit to measure CPU, CPU could not arrive as adirect measurable unit like memory and Hard Disk which is independent of the Hardware vendor.CPUS specific to Hardware, Vendor (Pentium, Cytrix, Celeron and ) each processor has their own unit.SAP S is an understandable unit of hardware. Vendors to calculate the number of CPUs required.800 SAPs are generated by I Series CPU (IBM) similarly DELL, HP, SUN has their own measurementsfor CPU calculation. 252. 252Ordering the HardwareDo not order the sizing output directly, you need to1. Calculate the OS, DB and other applications utilization.2. Database growth for the next three years3. Storage size should be net storage/ not gross storage.Example.A company buys 10 HDD of 160GBTotal 10 * 160 = 1600 (consider only 1400) Remaining will be for format etc.a) Space is reserved for firmware (10% of the disk)b) OS mirroring and Log Mirroring (One disk each)c) SWAP, DUMPS and other software (One disk each)d) RAID one disk for parity (Hot swappable drive) 160 * 6 = 960 * 90/100 = 850 GB (NET STORAGE) 253. 253Note: Consider the number of interfaces on the system (Job Scheduler, Mail Server, Paging, SMS, BIW,CRM, XI, SRM and SCM) (Memory required at CPU Level)In Principle add 30-40% more the net calculation while calculating sizing for portal 1. Calculate the number of interfaces 2. KM repository & CM repository (Stores in the Portal) 3. CPU and memory are major bottle necks on the portal.Note: The purpose of JAVA standalone - It is a platform and we need to have an application installedon it.If the component is SAP-APPL then its an ERP Component BPP-CRM CRM Component BICONT BI Component ABAP, BASIS, SAP_BW, BI_BASISWe can view these from System > StatusPOST INSTALLATION ACTIVITIES1. It does not have any specific steps in NWA like BI, PI, MI and SLD.2. EP is an application that resides in JAVA Engine. EP consists of portal, Knowledge Management andCollaboration.3. EP by default cannot contain any business transactions. The business packages need to bedeployed to communicate with backend systems.4. Most of the EP content is available through roles5. UME provides portal roles to access the EP content. There is no single role which provide access tothe entire content.6. The deployed business packages contains roles, webdynpro connections which needs to beconfigured.7. The collaboration and KM features are available which needs activation/ enablement for access.8. Front end customization can be performed based on requirement. 254. 2549. Portal is accessed by using URL http://<hostname>:50000/irj 03-Aug-09Starting and stopping EPAs portal is installed on JAVA Engine, the same process is applicablestartsap stopsapPortal logs(Config tool, VA tool, Telnet tool, SDM, JSPM, NWA Tool for monitoring, Visual composer fordevelopment etc.)Portal User ManagementJAVA UME is used for user management.Portal SecurityPortal roles are available to access the portal content.Memory UsageMemory concept is as same as JAVA stack.Portal utilizes the J2EE engine runtime along with deployed portal applications (BI, KM, ContentManagement, Collaboration, Visual Composer, RTC Real time Collaboration, EP, EPCore.) http://<hostname>:50000/irj (integrated run time java)PORTAL DESKTOP/ HOME PAGESAP provides default desktop for the portal which can be customized.The portal desktop elements are the following1. Header Area2. Content Area3. Navigational Elements1. Header Areaa) Mast Head 255. 255It is the first strip on the page. It contains salutation, banner, home, logoff, personalize and SAPlogo.LOGO, salutation can be customized. We can change banner and logo. Personalization is onlyavailable when EU_ROLE is assigned.b) Tool AreaIt is the second strip on the page. It contains collaboration, search and advanced search collaborationneed to be enabled.c) Top level navigationThe third and fourth strip on the pageTLN is a role based and tab strips are displayed based on assigned roles.Third strip contains the header and fourth strip contains detailed actions under that role.Eg: Home ----- Third strip contains company, work, team documents and portal information on thefourth strip.d) Page title barThe fifth strip on the page and it contains page title, history of pages navigated and flexibility to moveforward and back. It provides an option to save the screen as favorite.2. Content AreaIt is used to display the content and it will be around 2/3 of the page.3. Navigational ElementsIt is used to provide various navigational elements. They resides on the LHS to the page. Savefavorites detailed navigation.PORTAL DESKTOPIt is default desktop that is provided by SAP. SAP provides various themes to customize the desktops.SAP also provides theme editor to create and edit the themes.SAP best practices provides 3 Three themes1. RED 2. BROWN 3. BLUE 256. 256Goto System Administration > Portal display > Theme EditorTheme editor provides options to create, import, export and edit themesGoto Themes import > specify the path and import the theme into the portal.Change the theme according to the requirement.Goto Theme Editor and select a theme , save it as a new theme and customize accordingly.PORTAL ACTIVITIES1. Development - Developing the pages for E-Filing Tax returns, Dealer management, Developing pages internally for training, Update etc.2. Customization - Screen desktop, logos, banners, login screen, branching and Images etc.3. Content Manager - Knowledge management from various repositories, personal, Public, common folders and Taxonomy (displaying in a structure)4. Administration - Single sign on Deploying business packages Patches Establishing connectivity to backend systems, ESS, MSS and XMII configuration (Manufacturing Integration and Intelligence) Defining roles and User assignmentEnabling various functionality of portal like (Personalization, collaboration, RTC, content managementetc)Working with user management (LDAP, ABAP engine)Installation and Post Installation Activities/------Install PortalApply patches......... 18 patchDeploy ESS, MSS and XMIICustomize portal.------TASKS
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257. 257List down the JAVA ActivitiesList down the SOLMAN ActivitiesWhat is the purpose of DI?Explain the process of upgrade (326) include prepareExplain HW sizingExplain the functionality of Market place with respect to customer environment.Motivation for portal.Netweaver 04 Installation (based on 640)1. JAVA Engine2. KM3. Collaboration. 04-Aug-09SAP Netweaver certification books (TEP10_1, TEP10_2)MDM:SAP introduced MySAPBusiness suite 7.0 (SCM7.0, SRM7.0, ECC6.0, SR3 EHP4, CRM7.0) All thesecomponents need to be maintained customer, vendor, supplier, material master records in varioussystems and synchronization is becoming difficult. SAP provides MDM where the synchronizationstarts from MDM to all the systems i.e. one Master data for all the systemsNote: Web dispatcher identifies the least loaded ICM when going for BSP 258. 258Note:Central Services InstanceCentral InstanceDialogue Instance--------- Rough ----------Refer ST07UME - User Management EngineNote: If SAP * is enabled we cannot login with the other users. User Groups RolesTcode: SUGRAuthorization > transfer > changeAuthorization of Group check S_USR_GRP--------------------------------- 05-Aug-09 259. 259ENTERPRISE PORTAL PERSONALIZATION It is used to setup the portal desktop along with specified language, Fonts, themes andmanage personal data. Every user needs EU_ROLE (Standard End user role) which can be customizedaccording to the requirements. Add the role to the end user group and assign the group to everyuser. Due to the performance issue on the web the personalization is restricted to change thepassword and contact info only.TCODE: SU2, SU3 authorizations required for that user.Under "Personalization Tab"Portal Theme: It is used to change your portal desktop.User Profile: It is used to change the general information like email-id, contact info, address andorganizational elements. On a standalone JAVA change password is also provided.User Mapping: (Remote Iviews) While accessing the data remote systems specify the useridauthorized in the backend systems. Eg: Users uses standard HR user to get the HR related informationfrom the back end.Work Protect Mode: This option is used to set the work protect mode i.e. when a user partiallyentered data in the screen while navigating away from that screen it should prompt whether to savechanges or open up a new window or discard the changes or save the data.Enabling Collaboration OptionHttp://<hostname>:50000/irjClick on content administration> Portal Content > Portal users > Standard Portal Users > Open default Frame work page Check - Tool Area - open - objectsSelect tool area > open+ Enable collaboration launch pad (CLP) Set YES 260. 260Enable RTC Real Time Collaboration Set YES SAVE.Unlock the object System Administration.Home > DocumentsCollaboration is used to provide various options to communicate with employees, Instant messages,sending email, create tasks, assign the tasks, monitor the tasks etc. 06-Aug-09DEFINING SYSTEM Each back end system needs to be defined as a system in the Portal.System Definition1. Login to the Portal2. Click on the Tab System Administration- System Configuration- System Landscape- Portal content > Rt Click > Create new folder to identify our objects (Your custom portal content). It is also used to move the objects based on the folder name.3. Select the folder > Rt click> and select create "New system from template (new system from portalachieve) par file.4. Select the template - SAP with dedicated application server/ load balancing when more than one instance isavailable. - i.e. logon load balancing is configured in SMLG/ RFC server groups configured in RZ12.5. Select SAP with dedicated application --> Next - Specify the system name: ERP - System ID: EWD- System ID Prefix EWD (System should have atleast two dots like com.saperp.com or EWD.willsys.net) 261. 2616. Select the language - EN - Specify description [ ERP system as a backend system ] - Click on next Finish SAVE- Open the object for describing the backend details and specify application host [Willerpdev] gateway host [ ] gateway services [ ] sapgw00SAP ClientClient 800Port 3200System type SAP_R3 Save.THERE ARE 3 SYSTEM TYPES 1. SAP_R3 2. SAP_BW 3. SAP_CRMNote: Supply chain management (SCM), SRM can be considered as R3 systemsNow > GOTO property type : [ User Management] Select type : [SAP Log on Client] Logon Method: UIDPW Mapping type [ Admin; User] [Save]Display System AliasAddAlias name: BASSave - CloseSystem aliases is a name that will be used while defining the portal content objects. Aliases is apointer to the backend system.When the content is defined like ESS and MSS they will use alias name which intern points to the realsystem. The real system will be customer system. The alias name will be unique through out thelandscape. 262. 262Defining the portal ContentPortal content provides the data that needs to be displayed over the portal.Portal content contains the following iviews, pages, layouts, worksets and rolesGOTO > Content administration Portal ContentSelect the folder that is created above > Rt click the folder to create PCD objects.PCD is the portal content database which are in the directory structure i.e. portal content directory. Browse > Select Folder > Rt Click >Create > New Iview.Select Iview template, specify the iview name For Eg: Name - Monitor Specify the prefix Custom mon.saperp.netSelect the GUI type > Next> select the system ERP .......... FINISH.IVIEW: It provides an internet view to the content. It is displayed in the content area. Iview can be SAPtransaction, webgui, url etc.Iviews are pointed to an alias > Rt click the Iviews and preview.Iviews are created as an copy or as an delta link.Iviews are defined from a portal template when we copy from an iview it is completely copiedpointing to the template.The properties are inherited from the Master template only, not from the copied iview.Using delta link the properties are inherited from linked iview and master (template) iview.Portal content is built using templates and delta links.----Portal + ERP ESS, MSS configuration---- 07-Aug-09PORTAL CONTENT DIRECTORY 263. 263Enterprise port contains predefined content that is available through PCD. (Portal Content Database/Directory).PCD contains folders, views, pages, worksets and roles.There are locate name prefix which is displayed in Quick Info. SAP also recommends to use thepredefined prefix to identify the objects uniquely.DEFINING THE CONTENT. Goto > Content Admin > Portal Content > Select the folder and create the respective content.* Portal provides user based, role based and secure interactive content.ADD SYSTEM LANDSCAPE TO FAVORITES. System Administration> System Configuration > System LandscapeSelect the System Landscape > Right hand side corner click to add to favorites.Once you add it refresh it till you get in under portal favorites.1. Create System2. Provide an user mapping ID in user admin to access the content without userid and password.Goto User Admin Tab > Identity Management > Add Identity Search name: ABAP J2ee_Admin Hit modifyGoto User Mapping for system access > System : Your Back End System Eg: NW6 Userid : Superuser Passwd: Admin123Note: When you copy the system to the FOLDER the alias will not be copied. so you need to createalias one again.Now Goto > System Administrator > Support > Sap Application > Select type >Transaction > RUNNow Goto your Folder > select RC > IVIEW > (.) Transaction Iview > Next >
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Select the system [ALIAS]> FINISH > select the iview and preview.Select the iview and paste same.3. Copy copies the content without any references. 264. 2644. Delta link also copies but with reference & inheritance.5. Similarly define page, worksets, role. Page define the layout, worksets define the activity, role defines a group of activity and mostlya position in a company.PAGE : Select the Folder > RC > page > give the details > Next(.) Default page > Next > light : 2 Columns > ADD > T-Layout > Next > Finish.Select the Iview > RC > Add to page.(.) Role needs to be assigned to the user.Importing Packages. (BP - Best Practices) System Administration > Transport > Transport of Packages > Import.> Give the path > Select Import.It provides two options. 1. From Client 2. Server which reads from directoryD:usrsapnwsysglobalpcdimport.BP Best Practices provide predefined content, documentation, roles, users to implement in thelandscape with high productivity.EPA - Enterprise Portal Archive.After Import > Goto Content Administration > Portal Content > Content provided by SAP > Specialist> Here you will find all the roles and iviews.Now Goto > User Administration > Identity Management > Select the user J2EE_ADMIN > modify >Assign role called Finance Manager select Finance manager ADD similarly add material manager.Now Goto > System Configuration > System Landscape > Assign the alias name as SAP_R3_BP >SAVE.Now Goto > Identity Management > Find out the user J2EE_Admin > Goto > User Mapping forsource system tab > Give the mapping users & password > Mapping user id sapuser -- Back endsystem user and Password.DEPLOYING ESS/MSS AND XMII1. Download the content from Market Place2. Copy it into usrsaptransepsin3. User JSPM to deploy 265. 2654. Check the dependencies before deployment.5. Define the webdynpro connections, aliases, single sign on et.6. Backend system is recognised only when it is configured in SLD to create JCO. (Java Connector) 08-Aug-09Questions PORTAL1. How do you install Portal? OS and DB?2. How did you perform Sizing?3. What are the factors considering Sizing?4. What are the post Installation activities for Portal?5. What are the various tolls available to work on Portal?6. What is the difference between config tool and visual admin tool?7. Name the significance of Services and Managers? Explain some of them?8. How the user request is handled in portal when compared to ABAP request?9. What is SDM & JSPM and explain the difference between them? Which one of them are consistentand why?10. What are the various patches that you have deployed?11. What is the significance of BP/12. How did you configure UME in the portal? Explain with steps? Expected user store in Visual Admin,Config Tool, LDAP, ABAP13. What is the difference between Knowledge Management & Collaboration?14. What is meant by personalization?15. What is ESS and MSS and how do you configure them?16. What are the various mechanisms for fine tuning portal?17. What is SSO and how did you configure between ERP & Portal?18. What is the significance of the portal number. How they are calculated?19. What is the significance of memory in JVM. How do you configure them? Explain the ratiobetween them?20. Explain the directory structure (VA, CON, Shell Console, Standalone, log, template, cluster, bootstrap, server, dispatcher, global config directory etc.)21. My Portal could not be started? How do you start and where do you start from? What are thedeveloper traces?22. Explain the significance of JAVA startup (Jcontrol, Bootstrap, Jlaunch)23. Explain Portal branding techniques (Logo Banner etc)24. What is portal content views, pages, roles, worksets, groups etc.25. How security is controlled in Portal?26. What is meant by system alias and how do you create systems in portal?27. What is the significance of SLD in Portal?28. What is webdynpro (JCO Destinations) in portal?29. What is the significance of NWA Tool?30. How do you transport packages (Export and Import) in portal? 266. 26631. How do you configure BI in portal? Explain the steps?32. How do you configure CRM in the portal? Explain the steps?33. What is the purpose of Portal? Explain few differences when compared to ERP Engine?A. Portal lies in JAVA Engine where as ERP lies on ABAP engine. To use portal we need only internetexplorer where as for ERP we need SAP GUI.34. How do you monitor the portal? What are the various tools available?35. How documents are stored in Portal? How do you create documents?36. How do you work with Quick Poll, Favorites, Forums, News, Rooms?37. What is Visual Composer? Adobe SVG Viewer?Iview - Internet View which displays the content.Page- Page is a layout to store and display the iview.Page can contain page and iviews.Note: Iviews cannot contain anythingWorkset: It is used to display an activity. It can contain iviews, pages and a workset.Role: It is a synonym of a position. It can contain iview, page, workset and role.Roles are assigned to users and groups. All the above can be assigned as a copy or as a Delta link. It isrecommended to use delta link because inheritance from parent to child exists in Delta link.Import and Export: The developed content can be exported to global directory to transport to othersystems.SAP Provides transport of packages option to include the content in the package and transport.Client : PathServerThe extension is *.epa (Enterprise Portal Archives)Permissions Editor : Used to assign the permissions to the content. Allows us to set authorizationpermissions on portal objects, components and services to portal users, groups or roles.Goto > Permissions Editor (System Administrator Tab)Select enduser role, Role assigner (Include it for a group, user role)No user gets access to the portal content without defining permissions. 09-Aug-09 267. 267SDM - SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT MANAGERIt is used to deploy the patches up to version NW7.0. It is discontinued from Version 7.10Note: NW7.0/ NW640 becomes NW7.10 when is it upgraded where as it comes 7.01, 7.02, 7.03, 7.04(EHP1, EHP2, 3, 4) when EHP is applied.- On 7.10 PI, BI are availableEg: XI3.0 to PI7.10 and BW3.5 to BI7.10- SDM uses port 50018 and password to deploy the packages. SDM is also used for undeploymentwhich is a great disadvantage/ because of dependencies may not work.JSPM - JAVA SUPPORT PACK MANAGERUsed to deploy the patches/ support packages, support stacks and business packages.JSPM reads from EPSIN where as SDM needs to be feeded with the pathESR - Enterprise services repository.4 associated patches.Deploying Business PackagesSAP Provides predefined packages that contains views, pages, worksets, roles, JCO Connections,Webdynpros etc.We need to import the package and define the JCO connections, user mapping or Single sign on etc.Identifying the Patches.1. BP ERP is required to deploy ESS/ MSS2. ESS/ MSS package is required to get the portal content.3. PCUI (People Centric user interface) need to be deployed to get the interface in the Portal.ESS, MSS, PCUI needs to be downloaded from the market place. Copy the content to usrsaptransepsin. - start JSPM using go.bat - select the business packages & select the system in the system landscape if NWDI is in place.If DI is not configured then select no NWDI control. - Deploy the packages. - When the BP is deployed the predefined content is also deployed as well. 268. 268 - Goto Webdynpro (in Content Administration Tab) - select the JCO connection and CreateThere are 2 types of JCOsApplication PathConnection should be created using dedicated application server.Meta Data/
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Dictionary DataConnection should be created using logon load balancing.Application data should be created using a dedicated Application server.Eg. SAP_TRAVEL_METADATA: SAP_TRAVEL. Test the connectionRefer to ESS/ MSS documentation and create systems and aliases accordingly.Define the permissions for the deployed content. Predefined roles are available only we need to setthe permissions (Role owner, End user etc)Assign the roles to users and ensure that the respective tabs are displayed.SINGLE SIGN ONThe portal is role based, user based, people centric, language specific, personalized, web basedinterface to the users.Single sign on provides an access to all the back end systems without any password.SSSO cannot provide Authorizations, it provides only authentication.Mechanism: 1. The user login to the Portal 2. The user credentials are authenticated (UID, PWD) and user is issued with a logonticket. 3. The logon ticket is stored as a non-persistent cookie on the browser and valid till thebrowser is closed or logoff. 4. User sends a request to modify the leave request. the request should go to thebackend ERP system. The logon ticket is send through the request and gets authenticated on the backend system. 269. 269 5. The backend system will provide authorization to modify the leave request. 6. The login ticket does not contain passwords. It contains userid, authenticationscheme, date of expiry, digital signature, information about the issuing system.CONFIGURING SSO EP to BW1. STRUSTSS021. Create RFCs in BW and EP using program id (SM59, JCORFC provider service)2. Maintain the portal setting in RSPOR_T_PORTAL in SM30 back end systems3. Export the certificate in STRUSTSS02 and import the certificate in EP Key store administration.4. Create BW system in EP5. Similarly export from keystore admin and import in STRUSTSS02.6. Perform user mapping.In order to setup SSO, we need to setup single sign on parameters from RZ10.7. Execute RSPOSRT.SU01 Types of users1. System User - To transfer the data or client copy with in the system or local clients in the system2. Communication User: To transfer the data from one system to another system. like RFC users.3. Reference Users - To Provide additional rights to the user. SU01 - Under Role tab. When the user isabsent the reference of the other user will take care.4. Service User: Is also called as reporting user. PWD doesnt expires, login is possible. Productiontarget/ bonus.5. Dialogue User. 10-Aug-09DEPLOYING MSS/ ESSDeploy using JSPM:The content deployed contains predefined roles, issues, JCO, pages and worksets.Configure SLDRZ70 - Repopulate info to SLD 270. 270The user from Enterprise portal communicates with backend system using mapped user. Themapped user should have a valid employee ID which can be assigned in Transactional HRUser.Regarding Permissions> System Administration > Employee Self Permissions > PermissionsPermissions > 1. Each Portal Content is assigned with a role 2. The roles are controlled by assigning them to end user. Role assigners andadministrators.The Content can be administrated by using a user, role or a group.Content --------- Directly to behave as owner, end user, role assigner, read only.Content Assignment to group ------ users ---- to behave as owner, end user, role assigner, read only.Content -------- Roles ---- Users ----- to behave as owner, end user, role assigner, read only.Groups - Group of users - Assigned with rolesNote: Even though roles are defined on portal they are used to only to control the access to tabs.The Data access is controlled in the backend engine.Role Role, Iviews, pages, sets. 271. 271 11-Aug-09NO CLASS 12-Aug-09* SU01 users should belongs to ESSGroup 272. 272Collaboration:Enable the collaboration launch pad/ real time collaborationFrom Content Administration Using default framework page >Open > Rt side select > Enable the collaboration > SAVERestart the engineCollaboration provides the following - Show the status of the users - Send emailCollaboration means communication between people.Note:Portal provides runtime for any kind of JAVA or WebdynproESS/ MSS For Knowledge ManagementJAR files, JSPM or SDM - Webdynpro is deployed through.There will be a SMTP server built-in. 13-Aug-09What are entry points?Entry points are those in the home page of the portal like public documents, Folders, Favorites etc.COLLABORATION It is available by default when the portal is installed. Collaboration brings the integrationbetween people and provides all the features which are available with yahoo, Google etc. It can also be server as Intranet portal for the larger companies.Collaboration provides the following : Work :1. Instant Messaging to the users who are logged on to the portal.2. We can check the users availability to send email, meeting invitation etc.3. Contracts Management (Add, Delete, Edit)4. Create tasks to the subordinates and check the status of update from time to time. 273. 273Navigation: Home > Work > Documents etc. Here we can create the documents.Http://<hostname>:50000/ user adminIdentity Management LDAP Server.Teams: It is used to collaborate between group of people. We need to configure rooms before wework with teans.Goto > Content Admin > Collaboration Content > Room Creation (in Right Hand Side)Give the description and details > Hit Next > Add User > Finish.Now click on Enter Roomhttp://<hostname>:50000/irjContent Management - Quick Poll Administration.Documents: Home > DocumentsSAP provides entry points to store and access the documents. It provides 6 entries.1. Favorites: It is used to store the accessed in links/ documents and provide navigation in one step.2. Common Folders: It is used by a team or group to store the documents between them.3. Personal Documents: We can store our personal documents and can display from any part of theworld provided access to portal is available.4. Recently used: It provides the list of documents that are recently accessed.5. Taxonomies: It is used to organize the date in categories. The information is fetched and organizedby topic.Eg: Science/ Physics, chemistry, biology. If you click on physics you need to get statics and dynamics.TCODE: SCOT to configure mail server in SAP.SAP also uses TREX to search and classify the information.Note: All collaborative activities using system administration > System Configuration > Collaborationin RHS and click on group ware transport. Group ware transport are used to configure the Microsoftexchange server, Lotus domino server or any other mail servers.Click on NEW > Provide the user logon domain. 274. 274 14-Aug-09PORTAL DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIESTransportation of Portal Content Objects.It can be enterprise portal archive or webdynpros. Webdynpros mainly transported using JDI. (Usetransport studio to transport objects or SDM to deploy them manually)User management (End user requests from suppliers, vendors, employees, customers and businessprocess owners)- Password rest, User creation, Role Assignment(in portal and backend system), user mapping,defining roles based on content, assigning to a group and group assignment to users.Eg: A company with 30,000 portal users will be maintained by using user groups. (like SD group, MMgroup etc)Understanding the user and security mechanism.- Users are created in ADS (Active Directory Server) ---> PopulateWhat is the difference between JSPM and SPAM?SPAM is for ABAP and JSPM is for JAVA. JSPM is cumulative/ growing and SPAM is incremental. JSPMwe can jump from 6 to 9
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Directly where as in SPAM we need to follow sequence.Portal ---- Assign Portal Roles ---- User Mapping --ensure backend system mapper user (ServiceUser) has relevant authorizations.Customization, Content Manager role to change the NEWS, FAQS, QUICK POLLS etc.Monitoring the user load on the system. https://<hostname>:50000/irj.System Administration - Monitoring - Portal Users - Request Overview.Goto Security Provider service and monitor the user sessions and if we require to terminate we canterminate the session upon approval.Releasing the object locks similar to SM12 approval is required.It is always advised to terminate the user session instead of terminating the locks.Portal Thread Weaver is a monitoring toll. We can download from Market place and apply.Modifying the system IP Address (Host Name) in systems if required --- Rare Job (Sys Admin -----System Config)Apply support packages/ business packages etc. using JSPM and update Kernel. 275. 275Monitoring content overviews - It is used to display the components that are accessed.System Administration - Monitoring - Content OverviewIdentify the component which consumes more gross time, CPU time and No. of Calls etc.Each component should not consume more than 2 Seconds on all average.Component, Request, User uses only CPU and Memory of the portal to get the content displayed. Itcontains time because the database engine is a backend system.ST04 > DB Buffer init ratioDB02> Missing index, find out the missing index and recreate. We can recreate the index by usingBRTOOLS also.CPU time more than 40 to 60% of the response time then consider CPU is expensive. i.e. it is runningexpensive Iviews (Embedded Iviews).Request summary is used to identify the CPU time, Average response time, total number of calls....If the calls are more and response time is high we may consider deploying of a proxy server.1------- 100002 ------ 20003 ------ 2000 As the calls are more Response time will come down4 ------ 10005 ------ 2006 ------ 200Request overview provides the user and component accessed along with CPU time and duration. Wecan display the content based on search criteria like duration., Userid etc. It is used to identify theexpensive users at that point of time.Fine Tuning the Portal.1. We need to work with OS and their Patches2. We need to work with DB and their Patches3. We need to work with JVM and their Patches4. We need to work with Browser IE/ Mozilla Patches5. We need to work with Backend systems... DB Statistics, SGEN, Missing Index and buffers aresmall.6. We need to work with Iviews7. We need to work with CacheNote: Tune Performance of Enterprise Portal - Search in Google.8. Server Procurements is not as per Hardware Sizing 276. 2769. Never exceed 80 to 85% of CPU load for extended period of time on ABAP 70%10. Thread managers are used to serve the user requests. 1. User Submit the request. 2. Requests are handled by server socket queue of http provider services. 3. Request is handled by dispatcher and assigns to Thread Manager 4. Thread Manager assigns the request to server process 5. Server process assigns the request to Application Thread ManagerSo we have enough threads to process the user request.Configure Thread Manager in Config Tool.Threads min is 500 and Max is 10,000 as per the Industry standards. 15-Aug-09BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE/ BUSINESS WAREHOUSE / BUSINESS INFORMATION WARE HOUSINGVersions3.03.13.1C are the Basis versions .... BIWFrom WEBAS 640 it is by default available with the Platform i.e. When ABAP is installed (SAP-ABAP,SAP_BASIS, SAP_BW) comes by default.SAP Provides BI_CONT (BI Content) which contains predefined info cubes, Roles etc.(In Netweaver 7.0It became a part of architecture with Information Integration)Motivation1. Analytical Reports2. Decision Making System3. Graphical Representation with help of BO (Business Objects), Bar Charts, Pie diagrams, Line Chartsand graphical representation , Dash Boards etc.4. Web Broadcasting5. Business Cockpit (In BI7) New6. Archiving system (Date from legacy systems is achieved into BI Systems.7. Reporting system to run the heavy background jobs. Eg. ECC/ ERP system is consuming more timeto run the background jobs. So, BI is used to run those reports with out effecting the performance.8. Compare the date that is available in market DUN & BRAND street to define the competitivereports.What does BI do? 277. 277BI is an SAP ABAP application system with platform ABAP. It becomes intelligent by deploying thebusiness content through SAINT.7.03 (Deploy atleast 703 because upto 702 are out of maintenance) current is 710.BI Communicates with various backend systems (ERP, Flat files (*.txt, *.csv, *.xls, CRM etc) and fetchthe data into FACT and Dimension Tables.These tables are used to define various reports as per customer requirements.Now it supports XML files through PIBI is an Analytical system it is based on OLAP Technology (Online Analytical Processing).Small tables are grouped in to (DeNormalization) Big Tables.Normalization is a process of splitting up the larger tables into small tables upto sixth normal form tohave the granular information and establishing the key relationship between tables.The Data is not eligible for fro updates.The data can be a master data with transaction dataThe report fetches data from various data sources so more memory and more BTC work process arerequired.Front end can be BEX or an Enterprise portal, Crystal reports, XCelsius can also be used to fetch thereports from BI system.Installation of BI System1. Select the usage type ABAP for a normal BI system.2. If BI Portal is required then select ABAP-JAVA-BIJAVA-EPCORE-EP3. If BI Portal along with webdynpro development then select DI as well.4. Download the BI-Cont and deploy through SAINT (SE06, STMS etc) other wise SAINT wont work.5. Set up the Master client in table RSADMINA --- goto SE12 Specify the table --- specify the field MANDT = <CLIENT>SE11 - RSADMINA - Change - BWMANDT = 1 save. BW User = BW user6. Initialize RSA1 to replicate and activate the BI System.7. Define logical system to client (BI uses ALE Mechanism to transfer data from ERP to BI) so thecommunication happens between logical systems only.8. Establish connection between ERP and BI system 278. 2789. RSA1 > Goto Source systems Select SAP > Create RFC Connection Available destination: DEVCLNT001 SID: DEV Sys No: 00Users ALEREMOTE, BWUSER are created with password provided.Check test and activate the connection.RSPOR_SETUP is a program (BI and EP)Maintain settings for Integration into SAP EP. 16-Aug-09--------- NO CLASS ----------- 17-Aug-09DOWNLOAD BI CONTENTwww.service.sap.com/ SWDC - downloads - sap software distribution center - downloads - Installation & Upgrade - My SAP Application Components - BI Content 7.03 around 500 MBSelect download - Add to download basket & Download BIADMIN also from the Market place. Withthis we can admin BI System through Portal.BI ADMIN is a business package provided by SAPBPBI Administration - > Select -> DownloadOnce downloading copy it to usrsaptransepsin (It is in .sca format)Now goto JSPM & initiate go.batSelect business package -> Next > SAP BI/ ADMIN (next) Deploy will be finished.Once deployed goto > /irj > User Administration > Identity Management > Find the user > Modify >Assign roles > Search for "BI Administrator" role > Add > SAVE.Now Under system administration > Monitoring > you will find Business Intelligence. RZ20. ST03 279. 279RSC_COl is a background job runs to pump the date to ST03MONI is the table from here the data will be
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read by the above Job.1. Installation of ABAP System.2. Installation of ABAP, JAVA, BI-JAVA, EP, EPCore when EP, BI-JAVA functionality is required.3. Define Master Client in RSADMINA Table.4. Download BI Content from Market Place5. Activate the content by using SAINT6. Perform other post installation activities like (SE06, STMS, SMLG, SR13, SMLT, Backup, Standard JobScheduling (SE36) and DB13 etc.7. Define source system i.e. a backend system in TCode RSA18. Implement Usage of BIADMIN cockpit. Download the BP[BI ADMINA] from Market place copy it to usrsaptransepsin directoryUse JSPM to deploy the Business Package [BI ADMIN]BI ADMIN COCKPIT1. It is a web based BI Admin Tool introduced in Netweaver 7.02. Easy Administration for Complex BWsNavigationGoto > SPROWhy do we need EP for BI Administration?1. For WEB Monitoring using Business Packages2. Business Explorer, Analyzer, Broad Caster can be used over the web.3. BI Integrated planning that is modeling can be performed over the web.We can perform Technical , Modeling & Administration etc.Now goto> SPRO > SAP IMG Reference SAP Netweaver > Business Intelligence > General BI Settings Setting for Administration Cockpit. Execute > Setup call to BI Admin cockpit. Click on new entries. Reporting retrieval settings > Overview Integration into Portal.Assign the roles to users in the Enterprise portal. 280. 280The roles are : BI Administration, BI Intelligence, BI Explorer.Define JCO Destinations in webdynpro (Four Connections 2 Metadata and 2 Applications)Goto ....../irj > Content Administration > Webdynpro > Maintain JCO RFC.Define SAP_BW as a system and create alias.Define the Integration between portal and BI Engine (Reporting Setting) in SPROUse NWA toll to perform, BI_JAVA, post installation activities.Note: Dont change logical systems name once they are assigned to client. Instead use BDLS tochange the logical system.Note: Logical system names are required to change only during system copy.System Copy in LandscapeThe above figure shows it is a system copy in the landscape. After performing system copy in thelandscape we need to change the logical system name. To perform this we need to go with BDLS andchange LSNRSPOR_SETUP (SA38) is a report specify the steps that needs to be followed to integrate BI with JAVAEngine. You cal do it by using NWA , /nwa RSPOR_SETUP (SA38) SPRO in BI System Or manually in BI System. 18-Aug-09SARA : Tables and Archiving objectsTDM_365_BW : BW Security 281. 281BI SECURITY 1. New Security Features 2. Web tools for modeling, development, administration and deploymentBI Security is similar to R/3 Security which consists of SU20, SU21, SU22, SU25 with authorization field,activities, authorization objects, authorization classes, authorization profiles, composite profiles,menus, favorites, user assignments, user comparison, roles, composite roles etc.The area that differs is to protect the info objects at field level. SAP Provides around 20 authorizationobjects which are required for reporting administration.RSR and RS - is the prefix for all reports.S_RS_COMP - Info Area, Info Provider, reporting component.S_RS_COMP1 - Reporting component, Qry OwnerS_RS_LCUBE - Info Area, Info Cube, Info cube Sub objectSAP Provided RSSM and RSSMTRACE upto 3.1c version of BW.Solution Manager is a CRM System, BI System & Solution Manager System. If you install Solman wewill get all the above components.From BW3.5 i.e. Netweaver onwards the above transaction is obsolete. Now it is RSECADMIN.- In BW3.0 the RSSM, RSSMTRACE, RSSMQ has been moved to RSECADMIN in Netweaver 7.0Eg: To Create custom authorization object we use SU21 in R/3 where as in BW(BI) we useRSECADMIN. 282. 282In order to protect the reports at object and field level we need to make them authorizationrelevant in RSA1 where as SU20 in R/3. PFCG will defaultly we need to use.Goto > RSA1 - BI Content - Info ObjectRSA1 is the TCode which is used to activate the content and replicate the content. It is also use todefine key figures, Chars, Info Cubes, DSO, Info Objects. It is also use to define the transportconnections and editability in the Target systems.In RSA1 - Transport Connection - Select the grouping , objects - Select the object click on Truck BEXwe can transport in this way. We have another button Object Changeability with this we can give theobject as a edit compatibility.DEFINING CUSTOM AUTHORIZATIONGoto RSA1 - Info Object - Select Info Objects - RC Change - Goto Business explorer tab -Authorization Check relevant.Note: Every user will have the default tcodes (SU53, SU56, SP01, SU3). We need to provide this toevery user.Now Goto > RSECADMIN > Maintain > CreateGive the description - Select the char which is in authorization relevant.Save.Now Goto > PFCG -- Define Role -- Include Authorization object manually or- We can also include authorization object in a Transaction SU24.- Save and generate the profile in PFCG and assign the role to the user.- Perform user comparisonGoto PFCG - Create Zrole - Goto Authorization Table - Click on change authorization tab -> X - In thenext screen Add manually - give the object which is authorization relevant - Assign the user - do theuser comparison.TRANSPORTATION OF OBJECTSIn RSA1 define the objects -- - Collect them in package and transport -- Use Object Changeability tabin RSA1 to ensure that the object can be modified in PRD system. 19-Aug-09SYSTEM COPY (FOR BI SYSTEM)1. Take the backup f the production system (Source)2. Pre-Steps on the target system (The tables/ Data that need to be restored after a system copy)3. Clean the database (SAPDATA1, SAPDATA2,..............) 283. 283SQL> Select username from DBA_USER;SQL> Select table_name from dba_tables where owner = OPS$willsys99NWADM;4. Restore the database from backup /or physical copy of the datafiles (SAPDATA1, SAPDATA2..............)5. Generate control file (Alter database backup control file to trace)A trace file is generated in saptrace directoryRename the file to control.sql (Change the SID and path name of datafiles accordingly)6. Remove the entries before "startup nomount" and after "Characteristics WE8DEC Run Control file on the target system7. Run "Oradbusr.sql" to setup permissions on the database to create OPS$USERS a. Up to 4.6c SAPR3 is the owner of the database. b. up to ECC5.0 SAP<SID> is the owner of the database. c. From Netweaver 04S (WebAS 7.0) on wards SAPSR3 is the owner of the database for ABAP.SAPSR3DB is for the JAVA system.Mechanism: 1. User i.e. work process connects to the database as user "OPS$<Hostname>SIDADM to getSAPSR3s password. 2. SAPSR3 is the schema user whose password stores in table SAPUSER which is owned byOPS$<hostname>SIDADMNote: OPS$ mechanism provides a means to connect to the database without any password i.e. userwith prefix OPS$. The OS user is created in the database with prefix OPS$(OS Username).The connection is only possible when ...SQL> select count * from dba_table where owner = SAPSR3;SQL> select bname from SAPSR3.USR02;Remote_OS_Authenticate = True 3. The Process gets the password and disconnects the session. 4. Process relogins to the database with user SAPSR3 who owns the complete SAP database. 5. Now the user can access the complete SAP Schema. 6. When the user log in with userid/ password/ mandt/ language it goes to the table USR02(Internal security of SAP) to validate users. 284. 284Note: If any of the 1-5 fails then R3Trans -d results (0012) snote : 400241SAPSR3 password resides in two tables.1. DBA_USERS2. SAPUSR TABLESAP recommends to change the schema user password using
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BRTOOLS/ SAPDBA.If it is manual we need to change in two tables.SQL> Insert into table OPS$<hostname>/SIDADM.SAPUSER valuesSQL> Alter user SAPSR3 identified by "New password"When you insert password it is alphanumeric(It will be in the encrypted format after restart)Goto > Tcode SECATT Test [ ] create Description [ ] Component [BC] [SAVE]Question:We have 300 user and every month their password needs to be changed.OrYou have different users with different roles and profiles. How can you achieve this? This will beachieved from SECATT Tcode.Click on Execute F3In the main screen >> In the toll bar.Now go to change mode > click on Patternwww.erpgenic.com/ecatt-------------------SM35Create new recording - Give tcode SU01 give the record name. SAVEGoto that particular SU01. Change - Change password - Save.Now goto SM35 you will find all the activities on SU01. Export that data as excel sheet. Change thepassword & username and ...-------------------Ensure that R3Trans -d results in 0000POST ACTIVITIES1. Truncate the table RFCDES.This is sued to truncate all the RFC connections. If not the restore system behaves as a source systemand triggers the jobs. 285. 285SQL> Truncate table SAPSR3.RFCDES;SQL> Insert into "OPS$willsys99NWDADM".sapuser values < SAUSER,ADMIN123;2. Alternatively you can set rdisp/ wp_no_btc=0 before you start the system or set the time tordisp/btctime = 0 (Dont worry as SICK results in error)3. SMQ1, SMQ2, CDCLS(Cluster Table) we can truncate strictlyBackup need to take USR02, RFCDES, SLICENSE, DBLS (Used to change logical system names) Clientinformation, STMS configuration, system specific programs, reports transactions.Use 1. Table - TOC (SE01) Transport of copies 2. Programs - Relocation of objects SE01(Relocation of objects) 3. Screenshots.PreActivitiesSM51 - Global InstanceSCC4 - All the clientsSMLG - Logon Load BalancingRZ04 - Operation ModesSTMS - Transport GroupBTCTRNS1 - Is a report to pause the background jobsBTCTRNS2SM37 - List of Background JobsRZ11 - Profiles.While client copy in ECC error: FINB_TR_DEST type 3.For this we need to create a self RFC. Specify the RFC name in FINB_TR_DEST. 20-Aug-09BI MONITORING BI uses batch processes to execute the reports, queries, etc. which consumes more time andresources. Technically batch process uses heap memory, extended and roll memory sequentially where asdialogue uses roll memory, extended and heap memory. If the memory is not sufficient in both thecases the process gets terminated or hangs up.BTC uses abap/heap_area_nondia where asDialogue uses abap/heap_area_dia 286. 286ST03n is used to identify the response time of the users, Transaction of reports and processes.Response time depends upon the data to be fetched, query being used, or the duration of the report.(From Date - To Date)Scheduled: When the jobs are defined the status is scheduled.Released: When the execution time is specified for a defined job then its status is released to executeat a point of time.Ready: When the specified time elapses then the status will be ready.Process Flow1. BTC jobs are defined in SM362. The jobs are saved in table TBTCT, TBTCS...... TBTC*3. A background job SAPMSSYST which runs periodically for every 60 seconds or the time specified inthe parameter rdisp/btctime = 60 Secs. This period job runs in the dialogue mode and collects thejobs and runs them into active mode which are in the ready state.Active: The job is actively running on the system.Finished: The job is successfully completed/ TerminatedCancelled: The job is failedThe possible reasons for Job Failure:1. The memory is not sufficient2. User authentication/ authorizations/ validity ......... issues3. The variants are not properly defined. Variant is a selection criteria to provide the inputs runtimewithout user intervention.4. The dependent jobs are not completed in the process.5. Database specific issues related to space during the data extraction from backend system.6. File system issues when extracting the data from flat files (File corrupted, file not opened, filesystem permissions are not as per ETL format.CDCLS is the cluster table which is having huge dataDB02 - We can find the top 50 Tables.TCodesRRMX - It is used to start the business explorer and analyzer.RSRV - To repair the info objects 287. 287RSPC - It is used to monitor the process chains and check for the links that are broken.RSA1 ADWRSPC VariantRSPC Process LogNote: Each BI System has its own process before you start working ensure that you are well aware ofthe process of DTP, Source System, Process Owner, Critical Jobs and their priority and escalationlevels.Capacity Planning:DB02--------- Space Analysis------- Identify top 50 table and record them every week to identify thegrowth of the table. (It is also used to identify the accidental data growth)ST04 : Buffer MonitoringST30 : Global Performance Analysis 22-Aug-09DATA TRANSFER TECHNIQUESRFC: Remote function call (SM59) it is used to call the other system using the gateway to fetch orsend the information.There are 4 types of RFCs1. ARFC2. SRFC3. TRFC4. QRFCARFC : Asynchronous RFC: It is used to communicate between two systems but the source systemprocess may not get the acknowledge from the Target. Some times the data may be lost in transition.The source system process does not bother whether the information is received by the target system.It is similar to a post card. It is not reliable and consistent.SRFC: Synchronous RFC: It is used to communicate with receiving system and wait foracknowledgement. If the acknowledgement is delayed it will go into RFC/ Sleep/ CPIC Mode. It is reliable but the resource gets blocked at the target system. If the target system is notavailable (Example BTC Process waiting too long in the active state)All BW Systems uses SRFC. 288. 288SM58 - To find all the IDOCSTRFC: Transactional RFC : It is an advanced version of ARFC. It is used to communicate with receivingsystem and if the system is not available it will generate a Transaction ID in SM58. and a backgroundjob RSARFCSE runs for every 60 Seconds. It is reliable, gets the acknowledgement and datatransmission is consistent.Example: Central User AdministrationParent client creates users and send it to child clients. If child client is not available it creates atransaction ID in SM58 and ensures delivery when the child client is available.QRFC: Queued RFC: It is an advanced version of TRFC to ensure the jobs are processed in a queue. Toexecute QRFC we have a job called QUIN Scheduler- We have SMQ1 (Outbound), SMQ2 , SMQR Quin SchedulersQRFC generates the process of LUWs in the sequence. When the sequence is mandatory in the datatransmission QRFC is recommended. SAP Implemented all the above services to ensure the quality inthe data transmission. SAP named it as QoS (Quality of Service). SAP consider SRFC, TRFC and QRFC.1. SRFC --- BE (Best of Efforts) - With best of efforts it will deliver to Target system. When you find BEit is SRFC. Majorly we are going to use in BI and XI Systems.2. TRFC -- EO (Exactly once) - It checks exactly once.3. QRFC EOIO - Exactly once in Order.ALE: (Application Link Enabling): It is used to transfer two loosely coupled systems (SAP to SAPsystems) Eg. BW to CRM; ERP to ERP etc. SALE/ BD64/ BD54 it is used to define the logical systemsand sending/ receiving systems. Each system that participates in the data transmission is identified byits logical system name i.e. SIDCLNTCLIENTNO.Transfer ----------- Exchange -------------- Transmission => Are SameAnd is recommended to define the RFCs using logical system name to uniquely identify in thelandscape.1. Define the distribution model (In Sale TCode) in BD64 (Change) - Create Model View - Give the techname -
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Continue. 289. 2892. APIs Application Programming Interface: It is an interface in BD64 select the model click onADD API defined based on your application either to send or receive data based on the business it iscalled as BAPI. (Business APIs). The BAPI will be assigned between the sending and receiving systemBAPI contains one or more methods.Methods are similar to function modules to perform certain tasks.EDI: Electronic Data Interchange: It is used to transfer the data between SAP to Non-SAP systems andvice versa.In order to monitor the EDI used TCODE WE05IDOC: Intermediate Document: It is in the understandable format of both sender and the receiver.Non SAP systems could communicate directly with SAP systems. They required adapters (File Adapter,J2EE Adapter, IDOC Adapter, HTTP Adapter etc)When the supply chain market is growing the necessity of E-Commerce Electronic business EBs) isgaining importance and the vendors, suppliers wants the documents flow electronically with out anypaper In order to monitor multiple senders and recipients it will be difficult to use SAP Standardtransactions, SAP standard systems and mechanisms.XI/ PI EXCHANGE INFRASTRUCTURE/ PROCESS INTEGRATIONIt is used to communicate between SAP to NON-SAP and vice versa. It communicates with bothsending systems and receiving systems via Intelligent Broker.XI Communicates with out Adapter for the versions based on WEBAS 640 and above i.e. 4.6c isinvolved then it requires an adapter.SLD : http://<hostname>:50000/SLD 290. 2901. Why SLD is mandatory in XI?- SLD is to define technical system (Hostname) & Business system (Client) that are going to participatein Integration .- It is used to define the roles of business systems in the XI domain.- It is used to define the XI Domain- Architectural components need to be defined.Integration Directory is nothing but customizationIntegration Repository is nothing but Development.2. How to open the XI home page from ABAP?- By using Tcode SXMB_IFR => To Open the XI Home Page. We have default user PISUPER Password : Master Password. Design means IR Customize means ID config time. 23-Aug-09XI 2.0 very limited XI20 to XI30 is called as Migration.XI 3.0 very limited based on WEBAS 640 XI30 to PI7.0 called upgrade.PI 7.0 Immediate release on WEBAS 700 which required both ABAP & JAVA Environment. It requiredboth command on ABAP & JAVA Environment.XI is Used to exchange the information between SAP to SAP and NON-SAP systems vice versa. 291. 291- XI/PI is an Intelligent broker to communicate with systems using adapter with RFC Mechanism......(BE, EO and EOIO)- XI/PI has not penetrated into market because ALE, EDI, IDOC, file transfer, Batch inputs, BDC (Batchdata transfer communication) are in place. To replace them we need a new server i.e. landscape (DEV,QAS, PRD) environment which is expensive and technology required.. Where as companies arehabituated to use TIBCO, ROSETTANET etc.Eg. In India Reliance, Hero Honda is using XI3.0 Xchange Infrastructure 3.0 based on WEBAS 640 Process Integration 7.0 based on WEBAS 700 PI 7.10 based on WEBAS 710 PI 7.10 based on EHP1 WEBAS 710It requires both environments i.e. ABAP and JAVA.XI Architecture:Integration Builder -------- Integration ServerIntegration Directory ----- Business Process EngineIntegration Repository --Runtime Work bench Central Adapter Engine.PI is deployed through Integration Repository (IR).- Integration Builder is used to build the objects that are required for Integration (Source andreceiving system). It contains two areas IR and ID.- IR is often referred as Design Time (Integration Repository) which is used to create and design theintegration objects.NOTE: XI/PI license is based on date transfer like size -- 2GB, 5GB, 10 GB.XI Uses global format (XML Format) Extensible Markup language with the help of SOAP (Simple objectaccess protocol). XML is an industry standard which is in the understandable format (Using meta data(Data about data)) It uses its own tags <address>, <price>, <customer>, <shannu><willsys>- ID (Integration Directory) is referred as config time (Integration directory) which is used to configurethe run time objects (Sender, Receiver, Interface, Agreements).- To avoid complex developments SAP Provides predefined XI-Content which can be deployed usingIntegration Repository. The content provided will be in ZIP format which contains ".TPZ" Extension. 292. 292Note:1. How did you deploy XI-Content? Through IR.2. Architecture of XI?3. How did you apply patches? Through JSPM4. How did you transport the objects.Extensions:CAR - Compressed Archive --- Mostly for PatchesSAR - SAP Archive -- Mostly for SAP Kernel.JAR - JAVA ArchivesWAR - Web ArchivesSCA - SAP Component ArchivesSDA - Deployable archives software SAPEPA - Enterprise Portal Archives.ZIP - Zip FilesEAR - Enterprise ArchivesTPZ - XI/ PI ContentToolsVisual Admin Tool.Usrsapsiddvebmgs00j2eeadmingo.batOn UNIX ./go(JAVA parameter need to set like environment variable)Config Tool.Usrsapsiddvebmgs00j2eeconfigtoolconfigtool.batSDMUsrsapsiddvebmgs00SMDremotegui.batJSPMUsrsapsiddvebmgs00j2eejspmgo.batNWAhttp://<hostname>:50000 /NWASLDhttp://<hostname>:50000/SLDTemplate config Tool. 293. 293UsrsapsidsysglobaltemplateconfigStandalone Log ViewerUsrsapsiddvebmgs00j2eeadminlogviewerstandalonelogviewerQuestions IMP1. Difference between SDM and JSPM?2. Difference between config tool & visual admin tool?3. How do you apply kernel?4. Users created in standalone JAVA & Integrated engine Administrator, J2EE_Admin?5. UME in standalone JAVA & Integrated Engine (JAVA - ABAP Engine)?EP UrlsIR http://<hostname>:50000/irjUseradmin: http://<hostname>:50000/user adminJ2EE engine: http://<hostname>:50000XI UrlsIR: http://<hostname>:50000/rep (SXMB_IFR) TcodeID: http://<hostname>:50000/dir (SXMB_IFR) TcodeRWD: http://<hostname>:50000/rwpMDT: http://<hostname>:50000/MDT - messageExchange Profile: http://<hostname>:50000/ exchange profileIn order to ensure SOD (Separation of Duty) XI creates users during installation only.For XI we have XI Super andPI we have PI UserUsers in PI - You can find in SU01 -> PI* Press F4PI_JCO_RFC - RFC UserPIAF User - Adapter UserPIDIRUSER - Integration Directory UserPIREPUSER - Integration Repository userPIISUSER - Integration Server UserPILDUSER - Integration Landscape userPISUPER - Super UserPIRWBUSER - Runtime Workbench user.(In the above user names take out PI and use the AF, DIR, REP etc for user name analysis) 294. 294Note: All the system that need to participate in the integration must be registered in SLD alongwith software component version and products.If the participating system is ABAP a technical system pointed to business system is mandatory.There are two roles in the XI System1. Integration server to process the messages2. Application system which is a sender or receiver 24-Aug-09PCK: Partner connectivity kit. This can be installed at partner landscape. This is used to communicatewith XI/PI to transfer data to SAP systems.XI Installation640 - XI3.0Install ABAP Instance (Central and Database Instance)Create a client and perform ABAP Post Installation ActivitiesInstall JAVA as an add-on on that clientInstall XI_ContentInstall Adapter EnginePI 7.0In PI7.0 all the above can be selected during the selection of usage type.- Select ABAP, JAVA and process
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integration..XI requires both ABAP and JAVA components.XI LandscapeXI Usually connects to ERP and SRMThere should be at least two systems in the landscape one for DEV and one for PRD.Production Landscape 295. 295XI, EP, BI maintains their own SLD.POST Installation Activities1. These can be performed manually or using NWA tool.Note: CPIC_MAX_CON=500 (Environmental Variable) to avoid the error max connections reached.2. You can use NWA Tool to perform the post-installation activities automatically.Note: In PI 7.1 it is recommended to use NWA tool only (like creation of Users (SUSERS), generation ofroles and profiles and assignment of roles to users.Earlier these activities are performed during installation, now moved as a part of post installationactivities. 25-Aug-091. MANUAL PROCESS.Post Installation Activities1. Check all the services are running from Visual admin tool. 296. 296Com.sap.aiiCom.sap.lcrCom.sap.rprof.remoteprofileCom.sap.xiNote: Deploy service is also used to deploy small applications.2. Config SLD - Assign LCR roles to users (P1APPLUSER)3. Define RFC connections "T" from ABAP engine to JAVA Engine.4. Define RFC type "A"5. Assign user in SZDAPICUST (PIAPPLUSER with LCR Rights with assign password)6. Assign roles to PISUPER (4 Roles)7. Execute transaction SWF_XI_CUSTOMISING to configure the basic settings for XI/ PI - It is used to set RFC destination, Time Unit, Number ranges etc.8. Assign application role to user group in SLD data Supplier service click on user group icon.9. Configure ABAP system to SLD using transaction. RZ70 with the help of RFC "SLD_UC"10. Use SLD data supplier service to populate information of JAVA engine to SLDNote: 9 & 10 are mandatory for all systems that are going to participate in the integration.11. Define a technical system in SLD & assign the product and software component.12. Define a business system i.e. a technical system with specific client.13. Define the role of a system in SLD.. Application system integration server.Note: There will be only one integration server in the XI Domain that is used to process the messages,Senders & Receivers are configured as Application System.Define RFC type "H" INTEGRATOIN_DIRECTORY_HMI to refresh the service in J2EE Engine.AI_DIRECTORY_JCOSERVER: Points form integration server to the integration builder. The Program IDcorresponds to the entry under for the J2EE Engine (Used to refresh the runtime cache)AI_RUNTIME_JCOSERVER (SLDAPIUSER_<SID>, LCRSAPUSER14. Create RFC connection of type "H" for PMIStore (Process Monitoring Infrastructure)- Use the URL: http://<hostname>:8000/sap/bc/spi_gateWith user PIRWBUSER & password- It is used to populate the monitoring into ABAP Engine.- We can use ABAP/WEB to display the end to end monitoring of a message. 297. 29715. Configuring Integration Server on ABAP Engine- In principle XI Domain is defined in SLD & associated.- Integration server & application systems are defined in SLD itself- Each system is registered in the SLD, but ABAP engine process the messages flow between themusing Integration Server.- So each system that needs to participate in the integration define itself with a system role.- Execute transaction SXMB_ADM (Integration Engine Administration) Each ABAP engine is a Integration Engine. If the integration engine is configured as anIntegration Server then it is called as XI Engine & other are called as Application system (Senders orReceivers)Similarly as Master system in BI (RSADMINA)SXMB_ADMConfiguration - Integration Engine Configuration (Change Mode)Menu - Edit - Change Global Configuration dataSelect the business system roles and save it.Set to integration server.16. Register Queues SXMB_ADMAdministration - Manage Queues Register Queues (Should say Registration Complete)17. Triggering the self registration of Adapter Engine Deploy comsap.aii.af.cp .cpp to trigger SAL selfregistration.18. Importing content to Integration repositoryResides at sysglobalXIrepository serverimport.tp2 fileThe XI Content is available in the shipped DVD or download form the Market Place.- Unzip the content into .tpz files- XI Content contains predefined integration objects to avoid the design & development of objects.- XI content should be relevant to the backend engine version ECC6.0So to Integrate Repository - Tools - Import Design objectsDevelopment.1. Initialize integration Repository2. Import the design objects provided by SAP3. Import the landscape information for custom development, define technical system, businesssystem, product, software component.4. Define URN (Uniform Resource Name) Com.sap to define the objects - (Infocube objects)5. Use RFC/ IDOCS to communicate with backend to import the IDOC/ RFC structure to use thesending/ receiving system data structure.6. Message mapping 298. 2987. Generate proxy objects (sproxy in ABAP) (Tools- Java prog (IR))ABAP - SPROXY (Tcode)8. The interface objects are cached in the table which can be monitored by transaction.SXI_Cache (Status of XI runtime Cache)19. Transaction SLDCHECK is used to check the SLD Connectivity20. Patching XI/ PIUse SPAM to patch ABAPUse JSPM to patch JAVAMaintenance certificate is mandatory for all the patches in NW04S SR3 form January 2009 onwards..Maintenance certificate locks SPAM & is valid for 3 Months.XI/ PI should be updated (kernel, Patches), SLD, CIM should be updated before any other system inthe landscape. 26-Aug09INTEGRATION REPOSITORY1. Import XI Content2. Export XI Content3. Import the system landscape (Products & Software components) into Integration Repository.4. Define the uniform resource name5. Clear the cache if required for SLDNote: IR requires JAVA webstart which is around 30MB on each XI Consultant desktop.Transport Organizer User InterfaceINTEGRATION DIRECTORYIt is used to define the configuration that will be used at runtime.Go To > Int. Repository > Environment > Configuration of Integration DirectoryIt is also JAVA webstart on all the client machinesBusiness System 299. 299The system that is defined in SLD (assigned with client no. to a technical system). Party in acompany customer.Business Service - The service defined in SLD.Receiver Determination to define namespaces, interface.When the data is not updated in the messages during runtime. Then we will go to ID to clear SLD.1. Configuring Logs severityGoto T-Code : SXMB_ADM Integration Engine Configuration Click on specific configuration Click on change - new entries Select the category Specify the parameter valueQM1 - Process Monitoring Info.Category : ParametersMonitor : PM2_MonitoringTuning : EO_2. Configure delete procedure in SXMB_ADM - It is used to delete the messages (Activating the delete switch) - Each XMI Message in flagged for archiving or deletion upon processing.3. Defining Interfaces for archiving & retention period. It is used to define the time period before it gets archived. We can specify the sender & receiver whose messages can be flagged for archiving. (In ERP weuse DB15, File, SARA, SF01 to configure & Schedule the archiving)4. IX0S & DARK are third party tools for archiving.5. Scheduling Archiving Job It is used to schedule the archiving based on time and date.Goto : DB15Tables in Object : SD_VDDAT6. Schedule delete jobs Job Name: SAP_BC_XMB_DELETE_<Client> 300. 300It is used to delete the messages that are flagged for deletion.7. Error Analysis Settings It is used to trace based on users, client & condition also set for tracing.Create specify conditionUsername : DDICAction:
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Trace level.Argument: 3If the message id is 235 then logging in 1If client is 000 then logging is 0Display pipeline definition. It is used to process the message from Sender to the receiver. There are 6Pipeline (Central, Central_back, Sender, Sender_back, receiver, receiver_back)Each pipe line internally contains pipeline elements.Message processing is based on LTML - Logical RoutingT - Technical RoutingM - Message MappingProcess Flow of MessageThe message is sent by a sender using by calling a outbound interface (Sending System). It usespipeline call integration server.The message is received in IE or Server by using Inbound with logical routing & the message isprocessed through the outbound processing using LTM.The message is received by the inbound proxy of the receiving engine & it acknowledges back to theintegration server. 27-Aug-09http://<hostname>:8000/sap/xi/engineRUNTIME WORKBENCH 301. 301It is used to monitor the XML messages from one end to another end. It provides the followingmonitoring elements.1. Message Monitoring2. Component Monitoring3. End to End MonitoringCOMPONENT MONITORING: (INTEGRATION SERVER)It is used to monitor the -Integration repository.Integration directoryRuntime WrokbenchSLDIntegration ServerNote: We need to see the icon as green Yellow means warning Red as error.XSMB_ADMMessage Monitoring: It is used to monitor the XML message use transaction SXMB_MON1/SXI_MONITOR to monitor the message or the web option (rwb0 to monitor the message.Messages can be filtered based on status, data and time, sender, receiver. The status determineswhether the message can be processed or not. It specifies where the message is stuck in the errorcategory. On day-day basis we need to identify the messages that are not processed and escalated tothe respective trans.Message Flow:1. Sender sends the message to integration server, this should be displayed in the messagemonitoring.2. The message is received in the inbox of the integration server. which will be displayed in themessage monitoring3. The message is processed with receiver determination to identify the receiver who is configured inthe integration directory. (Register in the SLD) 302. 3024. Interface determination Interface has to be determined so that the message will be pick by that API.5. Mapping: The sending message data structure should map with the receiving message datastructure. There are mapping failures (in IR).6. Technical Routing: This is where the exact business system of a sender and receiver is identified.7. Call Adapter: If required central, adapter engine is called (CAE). It consists of various adapters (FileAdapter, J2EE, J2SE, HTTP, SOAP, RINF, ROSSATANET), If third party adapter like Tipco is used, PIsupports it.BE - cannot be resent.No receiver - case - ASYNC - exactly are the message has to be transferred.BE - restart not possible.TOO_MANY_RECEIVE_CASE_BEThere should be only one receiver in a synchronous message. i.e. too many receivers are not allowedin BE SYNC (Synchronous) i.e. It is possible to define more than one receiver E010/ E0Technical routing fails with message outbound binding not found. If receiver agreement not foundthan this error occurs. Check and refresh the cache using SXI_CACHE or check the configuration in theIntegration Directory.Mapping ErrorsNo_Mapping_Program_find (Indicates problem in the mapping programs)RFC ERRORS Check the RFC connectivity, Userid and Password, Gateway.QUEUE MONITORINGSMQ1, SMQ2, monitor the status of queues, if the error is like SYS_FAIL - Full disk or database errors.ICM - Connection Exceeded (Increase the ICM Threads/ Soft shut down RZ10)ICM/ Min - ThreadAdapter Problems 303. 303Check the adaptors and connection between IS, Receiver and sender.IDOCS: If the messages are still processed using IDOCs use SM58, WE05, WE21/ To check IDOCS.IDEX5 is used to identify the XML Messages (IDOCS) in the adapter. We also need to refresh adaptercache in SXI_CACHE into adapter engine cache.Technical ComponentsAn SAP system consists of several application server instances, as well as one or more databases.In addition to multiple dialog instances that execute user requests, there is a special instance thatcontains the message server and the enqueue server - the SCS (System Central Services) for the ASJava, the ASCS (ABAP System Central Services). It cannot process any dialog requests.A dialog instance with AS ABAP and AS Java consists of the following components: The Internet Communication Manager (ICM) sets up the connection to the Internet. It can processboth server and client Web requests. It supports HTTP, HTTPS und SMTP protocols for the AS ABAP. InAS Java the ICM supports the HTTP(S), P4, IIOP and Telnet protocols. The SAP NW AS can act as aWeb server or a Web client. Central services (message server and enqueue server) are used for lock administration, messageexchange, and load balancing in the SAP system. AS ABAP components (in the graphic on the left): The dispatcher distributes the requests to the work processes. If all the processes are occupied therequests are stored in the dispatcher queue. The work processes execute ABAP or Java programs. The SAP Gateway provides the RFC interface between the SAP instances (within an SAP system andbeyond system boundaries). AS Java components (in the graphic on the right): The Server Processes execute Java requests. The instance controller controls and monitors the life cycle of the AS Java instance.More information:Internet Communication Manager (ICM)Work Process (BC-CST) SAP Gateway Java Cluster Architecture.The graphic below shows the components of the SAP NetWeaver Application Server (in grey). Toretain clarity a few communication channels are not included in the graphic. 304. 304UpgradingIntegrationDevelop * CustomizationBasis Platform 305. 305Advantages of SAP1. Tightly integrated with rich set of modules SD, MM, FI, CO, HR, PS, PM, Oil, Insurance BI, PI etc.,2. Unicode system (Multi language Support) - I18n3. Non Unicode / Unicode4. High level Security5. Supports (24/7 * 365)6. Netweaver7. OS Independent8. DB Independent9. Industry Specific Solutions10. Exchange information between SAP to SAP and NON SAP11. Continuous improvement by releasing Support Packs, Upgrades and Enhanced Patches2.0 4.0 a 4.7 ECC5 ECC6 ECC73.0 4.0 b3.1a 4.0 c b 4.0 i c ......iBW 2.0, 3.0, 3.1, 3.1c, 3.5, 7.0, 7.1Portals 5.5, 6.0, 7.0, 7.112. Intranet and Internet (Web based)13. Supports MCOP [OLAP/ OLTP) Supports all kinds of interfaces Will use XI to communicate with other GUI Developed in PHP or JAVA 306. 30614. High Level Security (SOX)15. Supports all third party tools mobile...16. IS Textile, Pharmacy, Oil, Insurance, Chemical, Fabrication and Banking17. SMB (Small Customers) - Small Midsize Business BI (Netweaver) latest in BI Suite7 Notes / Packs Support Packs Solution Manager EHP Good Feedback from the customers Good service provider from service.sap.com Internet/ Intranet http://<hostname>:8000 EWA MCOD/ OLTPBASIS NETWEAVERRequirements in the MarketBasis ConsultantNetweaverSecurity ConsultantEnterprise Portal TechSolution ManagerBasis: A foundation layer for all SAP systems and with out Basis there is no SAP SystemRole of the Basis Admin1. Installation of all the above components2. Post Installation Activities + Specific post installation for (CRM, XI, BI, Solution Manager and CRM)ECC- Enterprise Central Component
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307. 3073. Patch Management4. User Administration | Security5. Role Management |6. Performance & Fine Tuning7. Administration & Monitoring8. Load Balancing9. Customize and Development.Different level of Designations in SAP1. Web Application/ Portal Engineer2. SAP Business object Consultants3. People Soft tech lead-security/ Portal/ Admin4. SAP MM Consultant5. SAP SD Solution Architect6. SAP Basis Senior Consultant7. SAP FICO Consultant8. SAP Security Engineer9. SAP Development Lead10. SAP Security Admin Lead11. SAP technical architect consultant12. SAP Abap13. Principle Consultant (Exp in Life Cycle Stages)14. SAP XI/PI/ Enterprise portal lead developer/ programmer15. SAP BW Migration16. SAP Basis & Virtualization ConsultantBasis Layer up to 4.6D (3.0, 3.1, 4.0, 4.5, 4.6) ECC BI SCM SRM CRM B A S I SNote: Application Server provides Internet and Intranet to BASISSAP Web Application Server - Integration of BASIS and Internet/ Intranet all functionality of SAPdefined in ABAP so called as SAPWEBAS ABAPSAPWEBAS JAVA to be more interactive through web. 308. 308Enterprise portal 640, 700, 710PI 7.0, 7.10XI 2.0, 3.0SAPWEBAS SAPWEBASABAP JAVAProvides Business Functionality Interactive/ Dynamic, MultilanguageSAPWEBAS Application platform to host all SAP Application components.WEBAS ITSBasis LayerNetweaver 7.0 (SAP Stack) BI7.0, PI7.0 SOLMAN, MDM7.0, EPNETWEAVER is a PIPA Application Platform People Integration Information Integration Process IntegrationBASIS NetweaverERP Security User Management EngineSD, MM, PM, FI, J2EE RolesCO, PS, PM, SD, SOXHR Security/ Structural Single sign onAuthorizations LDAP User Administrative Monitoring BI Security, XI Security WEBAS Java Security.SSCR - SAP software change registration. 309. 309 24/Jun/09SAP R3 4.0B, 4.5B, 4.6B, 4.6D and so on ..../usr/sap/<SID>/SYS/exe/runthe directory that holds a local copy of all SAP instanceexecutables, libraries and toolsHow to know the kernel version of a SAP R3 system ?Goto transaction sm51, and click (not double click) on the Databaseserver and then click on release notes. There you will see the SAP R/3kernel and patch level etc. 310. 310Kernel or Shell :The core that provides basic services for all other parts of the operating system.orKERNEL: The kernel is the part of the Operating System(OS) that interacts directly with the hardwareof computer through device drivers that are built into the kernel. It provides set of services that canbe used by programs insulating these programs from the underlying hardware.Major functions of kernel are:1. To manage computer memory2. To control access to the computer3. To maintain file system4. To handle interrupts5. To handle errors6. To perform input and output services (which allows computers to interact with terminals storagedevices and printers) and7. To allocate the resources of the computer (such as CPU and input/output devices) among users.--SAPMnt: Is a shared SAP Mount which is used to host the directories related to SAP.(It may be required to create SAPMnt in earlier versions but in the current versions based onNetweaver it is created automatically)SAPLoc in WindowsThis SAPmnt is shared because it needs to share the transports, support packages, profiles,executables etc between systems in the landscape.[Dev] ---------->[Qlty]---------->[Prod] SAPmnt 311. 311Default Users<SID>ADM -- SAP start (OS Level Access Related to SAP)ORA<SID> -- For UNIXSAP SERVICE <SID>Sys Master DatabasesystemJ2ee_ADMIN Java WebSAP* SAP R/3DDICSAPSR3SAPSR3DBUnicode - Multilanguage Support This requires additional 40% of resources.Earlier case Individual passwords need to be set but now days only one Master password for all theuserids.Multiple Components on a Single DB repositoryA host is either a client or a server. A host has its own address on the network, and is its ownmachine.A server has its own address and sometimes multiple addresses. It provides access to services andinformation.A client accesses the servers. It requires its own address.Interface / ScreenExports/ System CopiesKernel [ Dependent] 312. 312Install Mstr [ Dependent]Java Comp [ Independent]JRE [ Dependent]Exports [ Independent of OS, DB]Multiple components on a Single DBSID - SMN EPDB Owner 1- SAP<SID>SID - EPD SMNDB Owner 2 SAP<SID>First Shipment Customers - 150 Customers (Beta, Alpha Versions)Libraries (Linux) ~ Exe (Windows)R/3 ArchitectureEg: Consider the Reservation Counter.GUIPresentation Application Database (Native formAll the passengers Resrv. Counter Centralized of Database) <They do not carry Any thing>MobileIEDebit Card ATM* Commit occurs then only amount (Synchronous update) will be debited from the ATM.Caching/ BuffersNote: If one App server is down no need to worry we can access another application server. It processdata rather than carrying data.App server doesnt contain any data on its own. 313. 313Sql Server - Transact SQLOracle - Pl/ SQLPresentation Server: Submits the user requestApplication Server: Process the user request by interpreting the request and it has a queuingmechanism based on FIFO. Frequently accessed/ rarely changed (Master Data) Eg: Address, Company name. Used to convert the data in to Native SQL Statements. Users always communicates in OPEN SQL which is SAP Specific format and notdependable on any database. It is intelligent to store the frequently accessed data as in Cache/ Buffer Rarelychanged.KernelSet of Executables (OS, DB, Unicode, 32/64 bit dependent)usrsapsolsysexeStart - Run sqlplus "/as sysdba"Select username from dba_users; (database users)Select BNAME from SAPSR3.USR02; (Sap Users) SAP K E R 314. 314 DB OSKernel Provides communication between SAP, DB and the OS.UsrsapsolsysexeucNT1386 25/Jun/09Installation LogsC:program filessapinst_instdirsolmansystemoracentralasSapinst.log - Specifies the installation success / failureSapinst_dev.log - also provides similar log in case of installation is aborted.tsk file specifies the table/ index etc that needs to be created on the DB.Each task is commanded by .cmd file and during the process they writes into .log fileEg: Sasapappl0.tsk.bck Sapappl0.tsk Sapappl0.cmd Sapappl0.log Sapappl0.str - Structure of the DBControl.xmlKeydb.xml -Helps to restart installation from the point where it is failed.What happens during installation?1. Extracts the software.2. Sapinst tool is used to install the software if required we need to download it fromservice.sap.com/swdc 315. 3153. Checks for user <SID>ADM (SAP System Administrator) Who owns SAP System and has all the privileges on SAP (Start/ Stop/ Environment)Domain Admin; AD Admin - Can create the useridNote: The user who initiates the installation should have the privileges as Local administrator to installthe software, create users, create groups, assign groups, create services etc., (This problems occurs ina Domain)If the user does not exists it creates now.On Windows OS <SID>ADM is also responsible for database but on UNIX ORA<SID> is the ownerto work on the database. ORA<SID> provides the runtime environment for Database. WindowsApp Server
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Database<SID>ADM <SID>ADM UNIXApp Server Database<SID>ADM ORA<SID>Note: SAPSERVICE<SID> is a service used to start and stop the services (Password never expires) <SID>ADM expires for every 30 days Eg: SAPOSCOL, SAPSID-Instance Number5. It creates local groups and global groups and assigns them to users 316. 316 Global groups - Domain Level Local groups - LocallySAP_LocalAdminSAP_SOL_GlobalAdmin From Computer Management -> LocalSAP_SOL_LocalAdmin Users and Computers we can view this6. It creates Services SAP<SID>_00, SAP<SID>_01, SAPOSCOL, SAPCCMSR are created and Run with user.SAP<SID> is used to start the SAP System; if the service is not started SAP will not start.SAPOSCOL is started first to check whether the resources are available (Operating system collector) Itis used to collect the OS Utilization information and pass into SAP system.SAPCCMSR is an agent to collect JARM (Java Application response time Management) and pass it toABAP CCMS (Computing Center Monitoring System)It is only used in JAVA and ABAP stack.UsersGroupsServicesCreating directoriesExecutables - OS Dependent - DB DependentNote:Master password is set accordingly to the company policy- Extract Kernel Executables (OS, DB)- Create MMC for Windows to start/ stop sap system From cmd prompt Startsap name=SID nr=00 SAPDIAHOST=willsys28Sets the user as SAPSR3 for ABAP SAPSR3DB for Java Engine 317. 317Where the systems are installed with these schema owners i.e., these users owns the respectivedatabases.Query:Select count(*) from dba_tables where owner = SAPSR3; 29769 ABAP related tables.Select count(*), owner from dba_tables group by owner.7. Creates the Database and runs the scripts8. Creates the tablespaces and datafiles on DDLORA.TPL Tablespaces are just like almoras in a house.9. Now command files are created pointing to .str and data on the exports10. The task files are created to create the tables and load the entries The task files are displayed as process on the installation screen"2 complete 3 running 4 waiting"11. Upon running all the tasks the SAP Database is created and DBStatistics runs.12. DB Users are set with default password and SAP Application open RFC Connection. --- Installation Successful --Installation Directories D:usrsapUSR directory is created with a shared folder SAP with shared SAPMNT & SAPLOC Eg: willsyssapmnt ~ d:usrsapSAPMNT: Both in Win and UNIXSAPLOC: Only in Windows not in UNIXThese are shared between systems and accessed locally and globallyCCMS 318. 318PRFCLOGPUTSID HOSTSTransCCMS - Used for alert logs that is populated by the service SAPCCMSR(Java Stack Only)PRFCLOG - These are also populated from JAVA Engine (Generic Request Message Generator GRMG)PUT - is used during upgradeSID Hosts - the complete SAP Application Server.Trans - is used to host the Developments 26/Jun/09TASKS Installing SAP Component on SOLMAN On Windows/ SQL Server On Windows/ Oracle Windows/ DB2 Linux/ Oracle HPUnix/ Oracle AIXSolution Manager Connects all the three systems (ERP i.e, ECC6.0, Netweaver & CRM2007)I. Installation InputsSAPInstSID 319. 319Instance Number (Default 00, 01)Mater PasswordJCE PolicyPath for the CDs.II. Installation Logs SignificanceSapinst_dir (Win, Linux, Unix)Sapinst, sapinst_dev, .cmd, log, .tsk, .tpl, .toc, .str.III. Installation Steps Users,groups,Services,Directories,SharedMnt,Kernel (Extraction), CreateDB,LoadDB,Updated Stats,RFCsPOST INSTALLATION To Check/ Test the installationPre- Requisites for the Installation (JAVA, VMACHINE, RDBMS (Structures))1. Login to the system as <SID>ADM with the specified password2. Check the disk space, utilization and upgradability Eg: root in Unix C: in Windows3. Check the installation Logs4. Check the Hardware conflicts using OS Utilities Run - cmd - DXDIAG Tool on windows to check the consistency of the hardware 320. 3205. Check the two Installation users on OS From Local Users and Computers <SID>ADM, SAPSERVICE<SID>6. Check the groups SAPLOCAL_ADMIN SAPGLOBAL_ADMIN ORA_SID_DBA ORA-DBA ORA_SID_OPERATOR7. Check the services and ensure that they are running 1. SAPOSCOL - Used to collect the OS Resources 2. SAP<SID>_00 - Which is mandatory to start SAP3. Listener - Oracle Listener service should be started on the specified Port (1521-1529) 4. Oracle Service<SID> Which is required for the Database On UNIX ps - ef | grep ora* On Windows services.msc8. Check the USR Directory (SAP Instance files..... App) predefined shared SAP Directory withSharedMnt, (SAPMnt), and SAPLoc on windows Run - Cmd "WillsysUsr"9. Trans Directory - Used for transporting the ObjectsNote: SID Specifies the Application Server and is possible to have multiple <SIDS> differed by theinstance numberQueries:SQL> Select status from V$Instance; Checks the DB StatusSQL> Startup followed by enter keySQL> shutdown immediateNote: Only one SAPOSCOL per system Max of 97 Systems on a single box 98-99 for routingSAPOSCOL_00 - ABAP Instance 321. 321SAPOSCOL_01 - JAVA InstanceNote: Each SID uses different PortsNote: In the console tree of SOLMAN if all the three entries (SERVICES, USERS and GROUPS) areavailable then only we can confirm there are 3 Instances in one single system.10. <SID> Directory usrsap<SID>.......... Config..... Usagetypes.properties - used to specify the usage types that are installed on thesystem. usrsap<SID>config on a particular <SID>ERP <SID1> ERP<SID2>EP EPBI BIJAVA JAVAABAP ABAPNote: Now-a-days its possible to install different engines as add-ons.11. DVEBMGS <Instance Number> DVEBMGS00 - is a ABAP Engine JC00 - Standalone JAVA Engine SCS01 - SAP Central Instance DVEBMGS00 contains J2ee/ SDM/ JSPM direntories then it is Integrated Engine (ABAP + JAVA)Note: Portal is only an application that is not based on ABAP EngineEg: Consider Hero Honda Land ScapeBI - ERP (ECC5.0) - CRM - SRM - PI Suppliers DealersEnterprise Portal 322. 32212. SYS DirectoryContains executables and profile parameters to start and stop the systemEXE Directory - hosts all the executables from netweaver exe dir contains UC/ NUC and 32/64, i386/ ia64In 4.7 we can see only exe directory13. Work Directory This stores the startup and error logs --------------------Starting and Stopping SAP SystemOpen up the services file from windowssystem32etcStartup: What happens during the startup?1. Checks the DB startup User issues a command called startsap2. It starts database by using command strbs.cmdNote: Exe directory holds commands, scripts and executables USRSOLSYSEXEUCNTI386 strbs.cmdIn order to start the system it looks in to the profile START_DVEBMGS00_WILLSYS28 <Instance> <Host Name>3. It starts the database and writes the logs into the work directoryNote: Stderr1.log (Standard Error Log) ; sapstart.log USRSAPSOLDVEBMGS00WORKEg : 323. 323 If the folder name changed as NTi386 to NTi3867 sap wont startup4. Starts Application Server (Central Instance) It is started by using msg_server.exe and writes the log into Dev_ms, stderr2.5. Starts the instance i.e., dialogue by using disp+work and writes into Dev_disp, dev_w0, dev_w1.....6. Starts internet communication manager by using icman.exe and writes Log file into dev_icm.STARTUP Sequence1. Database Server/
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Instance2. Central Instance3. Dialogue Instance4. ICMSHUTDOWN Sequence1. ICM2. Dialogue3. Central4. Database. 27/Jun/09Note: Solution Manager Connects all 3 Sys - ERP (ECC6.0, Netweaver & CRM 2007)Netweaver components (EP, XI, BI, JAVA)1. Pre-requisites2. Installation Inputs3. Installation Steps4. Installation Logs and then Significance 324. 3245. Installation Check/ Test6. Starting and Stoping System7. Startup Errors and Resolution8. Installation post steps1. Pre-Requisites 1. Hardware 2. CRM/ SOLMAN/ XI... Installation Guide Www. Servicemarketplace/instguide 3. Sizing H/w (If user increases) 4. Swap memory 20GB RAM * 3 Times 5. IP Address/ Hostname - Ports should not be used 6. JAVA, JRE and set the path 1.4/2_12 7. CD with Lable.asc 8. CPIC_MAX_CONV = 500 CPIC Protocal (Common Programming Interface for Comm)In Linux# setem CPIC_MAX_CONV 500 and press enterInputs: Master Pwd, SID....Steps: KernelsLogs: SAPInst.Log, SAPInst_Dev.LogChecklist: DirectoriesStartup Startup Uses MMC ->Select SID -> RT Click - Start It reaches from the Startup Profile Start Database --- Strdbs.cmd - v9start.sql Listner control -> Lsnrctl Lsnrctl start Look for services Oracleservice <SID> and Oracle Listner.Why the Database is not started?1. startdb.log; stderr*.log; strbs.cmd We should logon as <SID>ADM/ ORA<SID> win/ UNIX to start database.(Root and Administrator) - we cannot startup the databaseDatabase terminated or Aborted which may requires restore & recovery. 325. 325Database can be started using command startup or startup openSQL> startup Says- Oracle Instance started.Causes:1. There is no sufficient space to start database2. Memory could not be allocated as per the Oracle Profile Parameters3. Changes or corrupted profile parameters.4. Certain scripts need to run after upgrade else the db many not start Export Shared Drive Import Oracle/ HP DB2 Unix LinuxKernel takes care of MigrationExports OS/ DB Independent CreateDB5. Analyze Alert <SID>.log for Oracle errors like 0ra-1578, ora-600 etc., D: Oracle SOL Saptrace background alert_<SID>.logStarting Message server Started by using msg-server.exe and writes log into Dev_ms.log/ stderr log fileIt could not be started due to the following reasons. 1. Hostname/ Ip address change 2. Port number 3600 is not available 3. Fully qualified host name FQHN dev_ms the host name should suffix with at least two dots(Eg: www.willsys.com) 4. Dev_ms should be logged with customer key 5. File permissions on the profile/ file or Dir does not exist.Starting Dispatcher and work process It uses disp+work to start the instance and writes the logs into stderr/ dev_disp/dev_w0........ 326. 326Various Reasons for the Failure 1. Hostname/ IP Address change 2. Message server/ DB down 3. Connection to Database failed due to authorization/ listner4. Dispatcher is started by using parameters from <SID>_DVEBMSGS00_hostname.5. If any of the memory, buffer tuning parameters are not configured properly then instance could notbe started.DVEBMGS00Work [ Available.log ] From this we can find when the system is up or down. Dev_disp {started - connected}If the logs could not be analyzed to debug on error situations then Rt click on the process -> Select Developer Trace.Set the parameters rdisp/trace = 0,1,2,3,4It will write enormous log file into work directory. We need to set this value to Zero immediately afterdebug.(Work directory can be deleted and recreated)Each work process goes to the db and db will listen the workprocess OracleSOL01TNSListner - need to started on Linux ManuallyRefer- dev_rd, dev_rfc, dev_w0.System ProfilesThere are three profiles1. Default.pfl Default Profile2. Start_DVEBMGS00_Hostname Startup2. <SID>_DVEBMGS00_Hostname InstanceResides inusrsap<SID>sysprofileDefault profile is used to provide default parameters to start the system. It provides value globally toall the instance when more than one instance is configured. 327. 327Dialogue instance is something like extending reservation counters when users increase. Dialogue Instance Database Central Instance Dialogue Instance Dialogue InstanceDefault Profile: Eg: Common Dress Code applicable to allStart_Dev : Eg: Started Individually<SID>_dev... : Eg: Senior , Junior depending on the resourcesThere will be only one default profile.Startup profile will be available for all the instances and it contains database, msg server, dispatcher,work process, ICM startup.Instance profile depends upon the resources and it contains only dispatcher, work process, ICMStartup.Say for Eg: 20 Instances - the profiles will be = 20 * 2 + 1 20 Instances * 2 (Startup and Instance) + DefaultInstance is a set of services with a dispatcher and work process. DISP+WORKInstance profiles governs the instance such as work process/ memory/ logon parameters/ ICMparameters 328. 328RZ03 - look for all the instances.Shutdown: 1. During H/w Migration 2. During OS/ Database updates 3. Maintenance Activities 4. Power Outages 5. Changes in SAP Parameters 6. Offline BackupSchedule Downtime 1. Notify all the users using email. [SM02] 2. Stop the dialogue instances 3. stop the central instance 4. stop the database. 28-Jun-09 Architecture of R/3R/3 Multilayer PS AS DSPS - It is a GUI from where the user submits the request. It is also referred as an Interface Eg: SAPGUI It has various versions: 4.6c, 4.6d, 620, 640, 700, 710From Netweaver onwards to provide Web functionality <<internet communication framework>> ICFis provided so that the system can be accessed through web browsers.Similarly Netweaver also include Mobile Infrastructure to provide mobile interface.Installation of SAPGUIUse the presentation server DVD to install SAPGUI, there are three types SAPGUI for windows, JAVA, HTML - JAVA (Non Windows, Unix) 329. 329We need to maintain the following initialization files. 1. SAPLogon.ini - Mandatory 2. SAPMSG.ini - Used for load balancing 3. SAPROUTE.ini - to access servers over router 4. SAPDOCCD.ini - to access sap library5. SAPRFC.ini - for RFC these files govern SAPGUI and requires on each end user desktop based on the need.Solmanguipressgui...SAPLOGON.ini copy on the desktop, open it and try to add some items.Activating Webgui/ SOLMAN functionality over the web.Goto SAP Internet Communication Framework (SICF)Tcode: SICFLogin to the system with the user DDIC with the Master password and create a super user similar toDDICUse SU01 Tcode to create a userNote: Dont allow to perform by the DDICSICF and press enterUnder SAP ->Public ->BC (Basis connector) ->Rt click activate. ->BSP (Business server pages) ->PING ActivateAll the functionalities over the web.Goto SE80 and publish system/ InternalNote: Download SAPNote to activate SICF services. The system name should be FQHN (Fully qualifiedwith atleast two dots eg: www.sillsys.net) Ports 8000: ABAP 330. 330 50000: JAVAICM/ Hostname_full = willsys28.sap.net, this parameter needs to be set in RZ10.SE80 Select - Internet service SystemUnder object name folder "System" rt click -> publish complete service. Select webgui -> publish complete serviceApplication Server: It is a physical entity used to handle the user requests. In sap terms it is aninstance. Instance is a service that represents the sap runtime. Instance provides memory, CPU, buffers, Interpretation of user requests. Queuemechanism based on FIFO etc., Instance has its own
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instance number and it is possible to install multipleinstances on single application server based on available resources. Instance is represented by its dispatcher & work processes (Disp + Work)Central Instance: There will be only one central instance in the sap system. It provides Messageserver and Enque server along with other services.Database Layer/ Database Server/ Database Instance: There will be only one database instance inthe SAP System. It is used to store the Data.Dialogue Instance: It is required to handle additional load on the SAP System.CI - Client Oracle DBDI - Client 331. 331We need to have a client to communicate with the Native SQLEach instance is monitored by its own DPMON (Dispatcher Monitor)For Net weaver JCMONICMON [SMICM] ICM Monitor.Post-Installation Activities1. SE06 Post installation Activity2. SE03 System settings(Modifiable and Non-Modifiable) In most cases PRD/ QAS are set to not Modifiable DEV/ SAND/ TEST are set to modifiable.3. STMS Used to configure transport management system. 332. 3324. RZ10 Import profiles from OS Level to DB5. Create Super Users6. SM36 Schedule standard batch jobs7. SMLT or I18N Additional Languages configuration8. SR13 Library configuration9. PFCG Define custom roles and assign to users.10. RZ10 Define work process, memory, buffer parameters11. SCC4 Define client12. SCCL Client copy13. RZ04 Define Operation modes to effectively utilize resources14. SM63 Assign Timings 333. 33315. BRTOOLS Take offline backup16. SICF/ SE80 Enable WebGUI17. Install Dialogue Instances if required DB Client software18. SMLG Configure logon loadbalancing19. Apply license through transaction SLicense (Access Market Place to apply License)20. SPAM Applying support packages21. Upgrade Kernel and SPAM version Kernel software and SPAM - 35 ABAP - 16 BASIS - 16 PI-BASIS - 16 SAP-BW - 20 BI-Cont - 13 Add-onSystem-status: - Component Version - from System-component information We need to apply patches (Kernel Info) Database Kernel R/3 Kernel22. Hotpacks Patches that are applied online without restarting the SystemIn UNIX# mount IP: / oracle/dump /oracle/share 29/Jun/0923. Notes These are small corrections to the programs which are applied through transaction SNOTE 334. 33424. Support Package Group of notes, program corrections, bug fixes, Enhancements and additional functionality.25. Support Stacks It is a group of support packages that includes ABAP, Basis PI Basis, Kernel, SAPM et.c., Licensing8 Licenses for SOLMAN8 Licenses for NetweaverValid till 31-12-1999service.sap.com From the tab called - Key and Requests - Request Permanent license key - provide type of system like (SAPERP,SAP Netweaver,SAP SOLMAN)TCODE - SLICENSE System - status - Solmon click on mirror icon 335. 335TCODE - OSS1 or SM59Go through: SAPOSS - Connection Test (Online SAP Service)Note:ARAMCO is having the following system landscapeSANDTESTCUST (DEV)QTSTTRNGPPRDPRDMIGR/ PRLLICENSING 336. 336Standard License - till 9999(YYYY)Maintenance License - 3 MonthsEach user license cost - 4000 USDIn India tag is 2000 USD for min number of users Eg: 10 + 1 is minimum - 40000 USD Developers are charged differently - 8000 USD 10 + 1Users Developer 48000 * 50 = 12, 00,000 4% VAT 48,000 17% Maintenance /Year 2, 04,000 ------------------------- 14,04, 000 10.3% Service Tax 2,04, 000 20, 000 + Customs ------ --14, 68, 00022% Maintenance cost across the globe except INDIA5 1 222% 24% 26%Eg: Telco - 5000 Bajaj - 270 ARAMCO -50000One License - SOLMAN, ECC, SRM, BI, EP, PI, MILicense is user basedOnce the license key is received then goto SLICENSE Tcode -> INSTALL And click Install new licenses button 337. 337From cmd promptSoladm> saplicense - getIt checks for 1. SID 2. Hostname 3. Hardware Key (Installed by SAP - Its an executable)Note: All the executables resides in - D:USRSAPSOLSYSEXEUCNTI386Note: In Linux SAPDB/ MAXDB will be the cheapestSAPDB/ MAXDB is a DB that comes along with the SAPUSMM System Measurement for the usersSUSER - Password never expires (Service Userid)SAP Solution ManagerNote: Patches should be applied on Test/ Cust first after 3 - 4 weeks will be applied on PRD.1. It is a free tool for only the customers provided by SAP. Current version is 4.0 but from MAY, 2008 it is referred/ Renamed as Solman7.0 to ensure the consistency and bring all the components to version 7.0 like ABAP 7.0,BASIS 7.0,BI7.0, PI7.0 (Process Integration), EP7.0 (Enterprise Portal)2. It provides Road map for Implementation, Upgrade, Suport. Road map is step by step guide along with the required documents (.doc, .ppt, .pdf, url.)/rmmain (ASAP Implementation Roadmap (V3.6.....) 338. 3383. Every Implementation should be started with SOLMAN4. Required for generating upgrade/ Installation keys whereas Netweaver doesnt Requires a key. 30-Jun-09SM36 Default Scheduling Totally 14 JobsRZ10 Will be OS level i.e., we need to import into database level Utilities -> Import ProfilesSM21 step by step process of startup Static parameters - requires a restart Dynamic parameters - doesnt require a restart. 339. 339 --- Notes --Note: First Message Server comes up, next enqueue and then the dispatcher(Or)Goto - work directory - dev_ms log fileNetwork works for Message server and Message server searches for the least loaded dispatcherfor load balancingSU53 Contains what all the notes, screens, programs owned by the user.1. Dialogue work processes only communicate with the user.2. Dialogue writes the entry of the background job in the following tables TBTCP and TBTCS Each dialogue - 5 Users Each work processes (15 - 150MB)3. ABAP Instance comes with 0 Java instance comes with 1.4. Post Installation activities should be done on 003 or other and not on 0015. Client - 066 Early Watch Client - 000 Master Client Wont be used in PRD CLient- 001 Production Client6. In the post installation only STMS is configured7. CTS is ran before STMS (SAP Transport Management System)8. DEV - QTY -PRD 340. 340 3 system landscape DEV PRD QTY 2 system landscape SCC1 instead of STMS in case of 2 system landscapeSTMS QTY - PRD 1. Done from the Domain Controller 2. Dev will be the Domain Controller Some times whenever the system is always available say for eg: PRD will be considered to be DC.TP Used to transport Mass data @ single shotSGEN is a tcode to wake up all the programs availabilitySMLG for load balancing incase of two instancesHalfPeak Hours 2 Background process Dialogue is converted to BackgroundSR13 Help (Before this we need to run an executableRZ04 Maintain operation modes Operation mode - Night Dia to Bck SM63 DbClk on Starting Interval and Ending IntervalSMLT or I18N Language Installation Languages -> Classify Just provide the language ARABIC Then save it GOTO I18N System configuration 341. 341 ADD And provide AR ARABIC Click on simulateRZ11 Parameter setting Display profile parameter
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attributes Zcsainstalled languages (Parameter) System Language usrsaptrans - place the dump here .car, .jar files 01-July-09SM63Select the intervalOperation Mode - Select Interval and Assign 342. 342Note: Ports for Oracle Listener (1527 to 1521) Oraclesolsapbackup - Oraarch(SOLMAN 4.0 SR3) CD RMMAINSolution Manager1. It is a free tool for only the customers provided by SAP. Current version is 4.0 but from MAY, 2008 it is referred/ Renamed as Solman7.0 to Ensure the consistency and bring all the components to version 7.0 like ABAP 7.0,BASIS 7.0,BI7.0, PI7.0 (Process Integration), EP7.0 (Enterprise Portal)2. It provides Road map for Implementation, Upgrade, and Suport. Road map is step by step guide along with the required documents (.doc, .ppt, .pdf, url.)/rmmain (ASAP Implementation Roadmap (V3.6.....)3. Every Implementation should be started with SOLMAN4. Required for generating upgrade/ Installation keys whereas Netweaver doesnt Requires a key.5. Define a Solution and include systems for the following 1. System Monitoring 2. System Administration 3. Service Level Reporting (SLR) 4. Maintenance Optimizer (MUPZ) 5. Early Watch Reports (EWA)6. Configure the satellite systems (SMSY) 343. 343(Hanging systems in the landscape are called satellite systems)7. Configured the service Desk to raise the issues as tickets and forward them to SAP if required.S_SMC_47000017/ CRM_DNO_Monitor Tcodes System should be registered with Solman to get the support8. Project Management for implementation1. Project Preparation (Solar_proj_admin) 2. Business Blue Print phase (Solar01) 3. Realization Phase (Solar02) 4. Documentation (Final preparation/ Go Live are not captured)9. Solution Manager Diagnostics (SMD)10. Business process monitoring (BPMON)11. SAP Router12. System Landscape Directory (SLD) Eg: Logon to Solman and administrate everything on the landscapeCreating Satellite systems1. Satellite systems are the backend systems which are defined in the SAP Landscape. These are required to Monitor, Administer the systems from a central location called SolutionManager.2. It is a landscape information provider and specifies the following. 1. Hostname, Instance Number and Installation No, 2. Support pack levels, Client information etc., 3. We can also document the hardware info, sizing, H/w manufacturer and service Level agreements. Once the satellite system is configured there will be a trusted connection b/w the systems.Solution manager will be in a separate system.Note: Except exes everything will be stored in DB. These exe are required to be at OS level to startupthe engine.VSCAN Tcode - interface to upload the documents without any virus. 344. 344Goto - Tcode - SMSY and it is used to define the following. 1. License Keys or / Installation Keys/ or Upgrade Keys 2. Satellite systems 3. Define the logical components1. License Keys - It is mandatory to provide the installation key for all the Netweaver system withoutwhich the installation cannot be continued.Goto SMSY Goto - Other Objects a pop up box is prompted to provide the inputsProvide SID, MsgServer Hostname, Instance Number and Click on generate Installation or upgradekey. This key is called as Solution manager key and it is system specific (SID, Hostname, InstanceNumber). It is required only for Central Instance as it is tied up with the Message Server.Subsequently we can define systems, servers, databases manually but, all of those are createdautomatically when a satellite system is defined. 02-Jul-09Configuring SOLUTION MANAGER SMSYGoto SMSY - Under landscape components - Select main Instance (RT Click) - Create New System with assistance.Put a check mark under SAPECC Server. Under relevant Continue --> 345. 345Provide System Number 00 Message Server wilerpdev (Satellite system host name) Continue --> Establishes Generate RFC Destinations put a check mark the connections Assign Logical components put a check mark b/w R/3 and Solman Clients - 800 Continue -->Select use scenarios: Select - Trusted system RFC Connection Continue -->Note: SOLMAN will connect to the back end system either trusted/ Logon screenOutgoing RFCs RFC Connection for Read Access Option : Generate Username and password User : SOLMANSOL001Continue -->> RFC Connection for Change Management Option : Generate Username and password User : SOLTMWSOL001Continue -->> RFC Connection for Trusted Connection Option : Generate Username and password User : SOLMANSEWD 346. 346Additional RFC Connection DataContinue -->>System Monitoring Connection Check Mark - Assign System Monitoring Continue -->> Complete -->>It brings up the password screen 3 times - need to provide the password for the back end system.To create users and RFC connections in the Satellite system (it 3 times knocks the door of the backend system) and the 4th time need to provide the username and password for the solution manager.The user should have the authorization objects S_RFC; S_RFCACL in the role to create andcommunicate with the back end systems.SAP* and DDIC doesnt have this authorizationsGoto - PFCG - Role MaintenanceProvide the role name ZRFC and click on Single RolePrompts to Save this - Just save it.Provide the description and Click on Menu Tab 347. 347Assign the transaction by clicking Transaction Button and assign SU53 TcodeAnd click on assign transactionsClick on Authorizations Tab and click on changeHit on manually and Include Authorization ObjectsSelect S_RFC and S_RFCACL and save.Click on generate profile..... backClick on User tab and assign the user the perform User comparisonSMSY Continuation --Creating the Logical SystemLogical components are more important to communicate with specific client, specific role in the backend system. 348. 348Main Instance Logical Component Role ClientSAP ECC Server SAP ECC 6.0 Development 800Assign Logical components to the system that is created.Select the system --> Assign Logical Component --> Specify client --> Specify role etcSM59 - RFC ConfigurationsEven we can delete RFC connection from SM59Note: Ensure that RFC Connections are created earlier, users are not existingDelete the user by ensuring that they are not pointed to any RFC and similarly RFC Connections aswell. Logical components specify the client number and the client role.SMSY is used for the following1. Installation Key/ Upgrade Key2. Create systems, servers, databases for the satellite system3. Configure satellite systems Eg: DESC V$DATABASE Select DBID, NAME, Created from V$DATABASE;4. Assign logical components5. Create products, software components, refresh data, and regenerate RFCs and Delete RFCs1. Create solutions (Early Watch Alerts) Solutions are required for Monitoring, Administration, Reporting, Change Management,Maintenance optimizer etc., 349. 349Goto T-Code DSWP/or Solution_Manager1. Click on create to create a solution2. Provide solution (Any name eg: ECC Solution) Lang - EnglishSMSY is called as system landscape where we try to include a landscape.Solution Landscape which is used to include logical components (<SID>Client) so that all the aboveactivities are carried out based on Solution.3. Click on Maintain Global data Type under the url as : service.sap.com It is used to communicate with SAP Market place using SAP Router.4. Click under or on
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Solution5. Select solution landscape/ Maintenance (Search for SAP Router) 03/Jul/09STMS - Transport Management SystemFrom Menu Help -> Create Support Message and this message will land up in Solution Manager. 350. 350Note: Group users can only be modified by that owner of the group i.e., group_admin and SID AdminNote: System - Status (From here we need to apply patches) in Solution ManagerNote: Maintenance Optimizer is used to find the next level of patches available.Service Level Reporting means Eg: Consider the domestic cylinder.Database is filled 80% and need to send me an email.Note: process will be slow down because of some expensive reports (select * from ...) might berunning even the processor is good enough to handle. Memory Bottle Neck - Expensive reports bottle neck Critical Business Process - Spool bottle neckNote: We can also integrate ticketing tools like Remedy, Synergy with the Solution Manager. Solmanhas its own Service Desk (Ticketing Tool)Continuation from 02/Jul/09T-Code: DSWP Click on Solution Landscape Solution Landscape Maintenance 351. 351 Specify the Logical Component names and select the SID:Client Number (Put inSolution) Under logical component Select SAP ECC save it and click on Solution Settings - TAB Provide - Time interval 5 Mins under Monitor graph refresh periodAnd click on CCMS MONITORING OF EWA (Early Watch Alerts) Select the system - save and activate Go back and save -goback comeback - Solution Settings TAB CCMS MONITORING OF EWA.NOTE: Interface Scenarios is for Project Management Save the solution and we should able to see the system/ solution in EWA and the system andserver information should be fetched into solution directory.SM59 to verify this system is monitored by SOLMAN or not. If not Gowith SMSY and create the logical systemSystems > Rt Click SU53 SU56 What user is having user buffersYellow Color - Task not assignedRed Color - Task assigned but activities are missingGreen - Successful* Note: Through SMSY we can find whether the logical systems are assigned or not.Setting up OperationsGoto: DSWP/ Solution Manager Maintenance Sap Specified Alerts Select the solution Click on operations setup Select solution monitoring Click on early watch alerts Create SAP Early watch alert - Check Mark Service - Check Mark Create - Confirm 352. 352The early watch alert service runs the transaction SDCC (Service Data Control Center) in thespecified systems and brings the alerts based on SAPS threshold values Eg: Expensive transactions, Users, Reports, Sql Statements etc.System MonitoringGoto: Solution Manager Select the solution Click on operation setup Select system monitoring Select setup system monitoringSelect the SID and Installation number and it should be in Active.SID | INSTALLATION NUMBER | ACTIVESMD 0020311138 Check MarkSave it.Once we save the solution under> Solution Structure | The SAP System with all the details are displayed> Copy Customizing | It is an option to copy the customizing of alerts From another solution.Provide Source| DestinationIf CCMS(Computing center Monitoring system) connectivity is in red or CCMS destination isblank thenGoto RZ21 Monitoring Properties and MethodsFrom Menu - Technical Infrastructure Display TopologyIt displays all the systems that are subjected for monitoring through this system.Click on create Target SID .. RFC Destinations SM_WISCLNT001_READ SM_WISCLNT001_ONLINE 353. 353This requires the satellite systems required patch up (ABAP, BASIS, ST-PI, PI-BASIS etc.,). This is toensure the compatibility between Solution Manager and the Satellite systems Eg: Back end 4.6 c is a Basis | P A T C H E S | Front End Netweaver7ADP - Printing bottle neckHP - Background jobs bottle neckARAMCO Dialogue process bottle neckGo through other options underSetup system monitoring |- User defined Alerts Select all the alerts and their threshold values - Save It. 04/Jul/09SAP RouterIt is an executable file downloaded from service market place. It will be in the run directory (Olderversions). For latest version we need to download from the Market place.Prerequisites (Till 6th point is from SAP Website not from Willsys Notes)You have the latest version of SAProuter (available from the SAP Service Marketplace(http://service.sap.com/patches)The SAProuter version must not be under 23.Procedure...1. Create the subdirectory saprouter in the directory <drive>:usrsap.2. Download the latest version of the SAProuter from SAP Service Marketplace. Read the READMEfile in this package. Copy the executables saprouter.exe and niping.exe to the directory you have justcreated. 354. 354If there is no SAProuter there, you can get a version (may be obsolete) from your directory<drive>:usrsap<SID>SYSexerun.3. If SAProuter has already been entered as a service with srvany.exe, remove the definition of theservice from the Registry and restart the host.4. Define the service with the following command:ntscmgr install SAProuter -b ...saproutersaprouter.exe -p service -r <parameter>Please note:The points stand for <drive>:usrsap<parameter> can be replaced by other parameters with which SAProuter is to be started. It isimportant that the parameters are within the character string enclosed in double quotation marks.5. Define standard service properties in Control Panel Services, set the startup type toautomatic and enter a user. SAProuter should not run under the SystemAccount.6. To avoid the error message The description for Event ID (0) in Windows NT event log, you haveto enter the following in the registry: UnderHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Services Event Log Application enterthe key saprouter and define the following values for it:EventMessageFile (REG_SZ): ....saproutersaprouter.exeTypesSupported (REG_DWORD): 0x7OrIn usrsap directory create a sub folder called SAPRouter. We have to maintain maintenanceoptimizer in Solution Manager and should get an approval to download SAP Router with our hostname and IP Address (This info need to send to SAP)We have to download Cryptographic file so that it will connect to SAP System by converting thepassword related information.SAP Router are meant to login to our SAP System (remote) by the SAP to resolve any issue that mayoccur.Keep the files in TRANS Directory and usrsaptrans...Locale -a will tells us what language the system will support 355. 355Checking the Routing connectivity with SAPTrans-OSS1 is used to configure the connectivity with SAP.Earlier OSS1 is used to serve as a Market place to the customers but due to the network congestionbetween the customer and say systems SAP discontinued the usage of OSS1 and service market placewww.service.sap.com is recommended for connectivity.The entries in OSS1 (It is a transaction) reflected in RFC Connection SAP-OSSCopy SAP OSS RFC to SAP-OSS, SAPSNOTE and provide the logon security details that is languageEN, Client 001, user is SUSERID, if this RFC doesnt work we cant establish connectivity with SAP.Note: Any changes in the route tab require the router to be restarted.Service DeskIt is a tool used to create messages from the satellite systems and monitor from the solution manager.This tool is similar to Remedy, Clarity, Synergy ticketing tools.The major advantage of this tool is It picks up the complete information of the usersscreen so that the processing is simplified.S_SMC_47000017 (To Check the messages in the SOLMAN
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System)OrCRM_DNO_MONITORAlso refer BCOS_CUST tableEnd user can create a message by using the T-Code: NOTIF_CREATENote: SPRO1 is used to perform post installation activities for the Solution Manager.SPRO stands for - SAP Project Reference ObjectOSS - Online SAP ServiceAISUSER - Maintain Optimizer Setup Provide SUSERID: without zeros With this user only the maintenance optimizer will work. 356. 356 5-Jul-09TASKS1. Satellite Systems2. Solutions - Activating EWA (Early Watch Alerts)3. EWA (Early Watch Alerts)4. System Monitoring5. Administration6. SLR - Service Level reporting7. Service Desk - Activating BCSET - IB52 - Installation BAK - Entry in Table8. Maintenance Optimizer. MOPZWhen ever we need Read permissions for CCMS monitoring we have to define topology.SOLMAN_DIRECTORYGoto solution manager and use above tcode to find the solution./SCPR20 is a transaction which is used to activate the business sets that are provided in the system.We need to activate business sets for service desk, maintenance optimizer, change requestmanagement etc.,In the current version of netweaver most of the components are activated. But when we install thesystem with lower package levels {Solution Manager 4.0} with base level 6 then we need to activateupon upgrading the patch levels.Installation BaseWe can use this to identify the installation base of the satellite system.Goto IB52 or DSWP Select solution Goto the menu - Create Installation Base Initial data transfer for IBase 357. 357Creating Business PartnerUse transaction BP to create Business Partner.Goto DSWP Select the solution Goto edit Create business partner Select the users - create That user will be a partner in our solution manager.Goto the Satellite systemTcode: SM30 Table BC_BCOS_CUST this table maintains the RFC connections for the service desk andCHAMS i.e., if a service desk message is raised it uses the above RFC to land the ticket.Goto Backend system Create an RFC pointing to Solman S_SMC_47000017 to check whether the tickets from varioussystems are landed in Solution manager.AIS user is used to maintain service market place userid to communicate with SAP and the RFCConnection will be SAP-OSS 06-Jul-09Configuring Maintenance OptimizerIt is a tool provided by SAP to ensure that all the support packages that are released after April 2007related to Netweaver will be approved and downloaded through MOPZ we can add support packagesto the download basket in the Market place.https://websmp203-sap-ag.de/swdcSupport packages and patches entry by application groupMaintain the table AISuserIn order to maintain this table SAP_MAINT_OPT_ADMIN role should present.Ensure that your solution manager is having support package ST[Solution Tools] minimum 10 level.Goto TCODE AISUSER 358. 358 User Contact Person Sapuser 5013295The user with which we login or the user in the user master record.Assign SAP service Market place userid without "S000"SAP-OSS (RFC connection should also use the same userid to communicate with the market place)Activate BCSET or MOPZ is upgraded through Solution ManagerGoto SPRO or SCPR20 activate....SOLMAN40_MOPZ_TTYP_SLMO_000SOLMAN40_CHARM_PROXYFACT_001Note: BCSET should be activated only once because it over writes the existing dataTcode: /$tab /$sync deletes the buffer on the application server. (Need to use carefully in the production system)1. Create Maintenance Transaction2. Select the component and system3. Allow the solution manager to choose the support packages or choose download manager toselect the support packages.Click on continue to confirm the files in the download basket.4. Goto download manager and download the files and perform the maintenance i.e., applying thepatches manually.5. Maintenance optimizer is only an authorized solution.1242931, 1296589 (notes)Start - SAP Download manager Download Manger.Project ManagementSAP Solution manager provides project implementation tools through ASAP methodology(Accelerated SAP)ASAP Methodologies : It contains 5 steps1. Project Preparation2. Business Blue Print phase 359. 3593. Realization Phase4. Final Preparation5. Golive / Support1. Project Preparation: During this phase the business requirements are gathered and documented.The core team is defined from SAP, implementing partner, customer, business owners, etc alsoreferred as Steering Committee (With some management skills)These committees assemble from time to time & review the progress of the project.Key process indicators, persons (Responsible persons), Milestones are defined.SAP uses tcode:SOLAR_PROJECT_ADMIN Click on create 1. Provide project name 2. Type of project Implementation, support, upgrade etc..Project type can be implementation, upgrade, template or support.Companies such as IBM may create a template project so that all the projects follows the same. 3. Select the solution: EWD solution for eg Hit okie 4. Select Led by (Customer or SAP) Provide plan days say 2000 PD 5. Define the scope of the work under SCOPE tabNote: Include the logical component that is going to be involved in the projectFrom system landscape tab define the logical system2. Business BlueprintIn this phase the project is documented and the blue print gets signed off from the customer.Tcode: SOLAR01 is used to define the business blue printThis is a phase where the required scenarios are selected. Scenario is nothing but a group oftransactions that are related to a specific module like SD, MM, FI, HR, BI etcThe scenarios are provided through SAP BPR (Business Process Repository) 360. 360 07-Jul-093. RealizationIs a place where the actual configuration takes place SOLAR02Note: Solution Manager is also called as frontend platform to configure all the back end systems.The configuration takes place and change requests are generated in the target system subsequently asupport message is raised to release or import the transport request before testing.4. TestingTesting takes place either in the testing client, integration client and test cases are built during theconfiguration only. 1. Unit testing: Used to test the customizing in its test client within the same system. Tcode:SCC1 is used to copy the requests between clients before change requests are released. 2. Integration testing: It is performed in a separate system QAS Non _ ModifiableNote:Netweaver 2004 - ERPNetweaver 2004s - Includes SOLMANNetweaver 2007 - Includes SOLMAN, BI, EP etc.,3.0D Basis 3003.0E Basis 3003.0F Basis 3003.1H Basis 3103.1I Basis 3104.0B Basis 4004.5B Basis 450 361. 3614.6C Basis 4604.71 Basis 6.204.72 Basis 6.205.00 Basis 6.40 (ECC 5.0 - Enterprise Core components)6.00 Basis 7.00 (ECC 6.0) - actually in RampUpSAP GUI FOR WINDOWS 6.40Test Case documents - (Solar_testplan)We can maintain the project documentation and the general documentation using the respectivetabs.5. Final Preparation:It is used to prepare the quality and as well as production system. The integration testing signoff fromthe users, MTP (Mote to Production) and readiness of production system communicating with SAP toconduct GO-Live sessions, End user training, End user acceptance, SAP Early watch report, internal andexternal security.Internal security is obtained by defining roles and assigning those to the users. External securityobtained by deploying routers, proxy, firewalls, filters and SAP Router etc.,6. GO-LIVEDuring this phase the system is subjected for parallel run i.e., both Legacy and SAP runs together
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forcertain period of time.Data Transfer to SAP system is performed periodically fro legacy systems and the legacy systems arediscontinued in due course of time upon final acceptance from the business process owners.ROAD MAP (Tcode - RMMAIN)It provides the complete implementation steps which are discussed above along with accelerators.Accelerators are nothing but predefined templates, urls, PowerPoints, pdfs, word docs, MOMs(Minutes of Meeting) Etc.,GOTO - RMMAIN - Select the ASAP Methodology - Goto Project Prep and Db click - From Menu GOTO - Select AcceleratorNote: Need to focus on these points considering Solution Manager1. Installation 2. Post Installation Activities 3. Administration 4. BCSET 5. Service Market Place.CHARMS - Change Request Management System - to apply patches...- User request a change (Say for Eg - Modify a storage location) 362. 362 -- Service desk message- Mssg lands in SOLMAN- Based on the Priority approval for changing the location- Now it is also be treated as an Issue (Issue Management)- Management declared that there is no change in location (Issue Closed)- Management approves location change- SOLAR01.. a change request to change location- change request submitted for unit test, Integration test- Issue/message closed
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