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r_

_ It R 52848

TECH_I

CAL

NOTES

_TATI0_TAL

ADVISORY

C0_I_IITTEE

FOR

AER0_T_D-T.ICS

_i

, _ _,_o.

Om
F m

BENDI_G.

0_

R_CT_NGUL_R By _Jaoional

PLATES Samuel Burea_l

}fIT?I Lf_RGE Levy of Stancls_rds

DNFLECTI0_TS

NATI0!{AL

ADVISORY

COMI'_[IT_

-_

TECHNICAL
%

}TOTE
.

N0.
,.

848

BE_DI_,TG

OF

R.ECTANGULAR _y

PLATES Samuel

WIN Levy

LARGE

D3FL_CTIONS

SU M_r'_u_RY

The solution of yon KArmAn's fundamental equations for large deflections of plates is presented, for the case of a simply supported rectangular plate under combined edge compression and lateral loading. Eumerical solutions are given for square plates and for rectangular plates with a width-span ratio of S:I. The effectiv,e widths under edge compression are compared with effective widths according to yon _Iarman," _engston, " _]','[arguer_e,_ and . Cox and with experimental results by P.e,berg, m ]'[c?herson, and Levy. The deflections for a square pl,s_te un@:.er iater,s_! pressure are compareC with experimental and theoretical results by Kaiser. It is found that the effectiv_ _idths agree closely with !4argv_erre's served values and perimental results formula that the and with and with deflections Kaiser|s thG experimentally agree with the work. obex-

in the design of thin plates that bend under lateral and eEge loading, formulas based on the Kirchhoff theory which neglects stretching anE shearing in the middle surface are quite satisfactory provided that the de+_lections are small compared with the thickness. If deflections are of the same orEer as the thickness, the Xirchhoff theory may yield[ results that are considerably in error and a more rigorous theory that takes account of deformations in the middle surface should therefore be applied. The fu_idamen-tal equations for the more exact theory have been derived by vo_i I{ _:_arman" (reference I); a number o__ approximate solutions (references 2 to 7) have been developed for the case of
Yon

_ar

rectangular plate. man I s equations

in

This pa_er terms of to and the the

presents trigonometric

solution serles.

of

Acknowledgment is Committee for ._eronautics

due

__.dvi s cry N _ uiona! _ _ureau of /keronautics,

IqACA

Technical

ITote

ITo.

846

_Tavy Department, whose research projects on sheet-stringer panels have provided the impetus and the necessary financial support for the work presented in this paper. The author takes this opportunity to acknowledge also the assistance of members of the _ngineering f{echanics Section of the ITational _ure_ of Standards, particularly Dr. Walter Ramberg, Hr. Phillip Krupen, and Mr: Samuel _reenman.

FUiTDA}&EI_TAL Symbol

m_u_
,'nl. TT /%

_. T

I 0!TS

ness signi a b h Pz w

An initially flat will be considered. fi canoe : plate plate plate normal vertical Young length length thickness 19re s sure displacement ! s modulus ratio axes in in

rectangular plate of uniform thickThe symbols have the following

x-direction y-direction

of

points

of

the

middle

surface

b x,_ D =

Poissonls coordinate

with

origin r_ _

at idit_r ,

corner of the

of

plate

12(I F

_'hs _ -i_ @') function

f !exural

plate

stress Subscripts

k,

m,

n,

p,

q,

r,

s,

and

.t

represent

in-

tegers. Tensile as positive strains will loads, stresses, and strains values and compressive loads, be designated by a negative will be stresses, sign. given and

Ii

_TACA

Technical

l_ote_To.

846

_.,quations

for

the

Deformation

of

Thin

Plates

The fundamental equations governing the deformation TP p of thin plates were developed by v_n narman in reference !. The_<.-are given by Timoshenko (reference 4, pp. 322-323) _ in essentially the following form:

x4

Sx%j =

Sy_

t_

- "

'

3 _+2

+3

vr

Pz+_

__

-,_-_

(s)
where the med-ian-fiber stresses are

a, nO. the

median-fiber

strains

are

, c x

= _ E

k{Dy_

x_

I I

"

x, y The extreme-fiber bending, and

8x_y

j stresses are

shearing +

_,,

=_

_h

/8_w

8a .... wq

o-"

=_

, "_,__z.
_ _h

( _ _ _,_ +

_ _'_ _ I

(_)

"r"

8 _w

J
iii I

NACA

Technical

:,,ToteNo.

846

General A

Solution

for

Simply

Supported

Rectangular

Plate

solution of equations (1) and (2) for a simpl_r sup-ported rectangular plate must satisfy the following bound-, ary conditions. The deflection w and the edge bending moment ]0er unit length are zero at th_ edges of the plate,

::x

.-. D (zSsw

\_x2

8ew'_ --_2

= o,

when

O,

my These

= -

kSy s

8xej

, by the Fourier series

conditiens
co

are

satisfied
oo

=
a-l:l _ _3 ,, m:l ,_,3 . . .

w:_

sin' m

sin

n _-_ (6)

The

normal

pressure
co

ma:f be
oo

ezc_ressed

as

-_ourier

series

:Pz

-- A
co

_-_/ equation (I)

Pr

,s is

sin found
co

r to

sin be

s o-7-(7)

,_f substitution if

satisfiec!

p:O,l,_,

o,

q=O,l,_...

bp,q

cos

7o_ a

cos

q--b

where Px' Py are constants pressure in the ::--and the and where

equal to y-direction

the average membra_%e (see equation (_))

bp,q

pS ( __+
a

and

_AC_Technical

_ote

_o.

846

_i

="

_ k:l

t=l

2r
q =

kt (P-k)

(q-t)-kS

( q -t)s

Wk, %w(p_k)

, (q_t)

'
:

]31

O, m

if q-l

or

io =

_s

_ k--l

9 (k+P) t=l

(q-t) .if q

+km(q 0

-%)s

Wk,

$W(k+p).,

(q_t)

_s

O, co

if

q q-_

B:_

_ k:_. 9=I

(k+p)

(t) (k) (q-t)

+(k+p) ]? _ 0

s (_-t)

'_(k+p),t"% (q-t)

Bs

O, p'l

if

q co

:-0

or

p_ =

/__, k:l

$:_-

'

kt (i-k) ( t +q) +k2 if p ' 0

( t +q') s

_k _"(p-k) (t+q)
_

_4

O, p-l

if

]_ = co

k=!

z__J

i_

k(t+q

) (p-k)

t+ket

-]

wk

(t+9)w(p-k}
"

'

,t

t-_l

i_ q_ o _ _
35 = O,
co

p_ o

if
Oo

or

;6

= k=l %=I

k+i)(t+q)--kS(t+ci)S if q _ 0

.Wk,tW(k+p)

,(t+ci)

Be

O,

if

6
Oo Oo

_TACA

Technical

_Tote

i_o.

846

k=l

t=l

B7

=0,

if

or

_
k=l

_
t=1

(_+p)_.(t+_) [(k+_)t_(t+_) ]_
-

w(_+_),t_k,(_+{)

i_ _o
q = 0 and p =

or _0
0

Bs

O,
Co

if

= k:l t:l if _9 = O, if p = 0 p _ 0

W(k+lo)

, (t+q)Wk,t

Equation

(2)

i,s

satisfied
2

if

-_-

4-

..

r2

17 2

17 2

Pros

rss r hw 4 4a b r

a s (s_t) __ (r_k) t b(r_k)

_ l(---1

.__ t:l

, (s_t)Wk,

- k-og
+
,Oo k= o

t__og t L
O0 t=i _ L

(k+r)-k

(t +s)j

bk,

t,vr(k+r h, (t+s) ,

"_

(k+r)(t+s)-kt

' _,(t+s)
1 _-

w(k+r),t

7. Co k=l

Z O_ t=o

,
F u

tk-(k+r)

(t+s)
18

b(k+r

), _. "_ - _ _'-,

(t+_)
t

--

2 k=i

_ t=l

_ (t+s)k-(k+r)t _.

b(k+r),

(t+s)Wk

E k=l

_ t=O

i _

tk+(r-k)

(t+s)l

_1

b(r-k),twk,

(t+s)

NACA:Technical

Note

!_o.

846

E k=l

E t=l _

(t+s)?m+(r-k)t '

b(r_k).

' (t+s)Wk,t

E k=o

E t =l

(s-t)

(k+r)+tk

bk,

(s_t)W(k+r)

,t

2 k:l

E t:l

(s-t)k+t

(k+r)

b:(k+r)

, ( s.t)Wk,

t } ! WITH

(9)

SPECIFIC SYI2}IETRICAL

SOLUTION NORi'[AL

FOR

SQUARE

PLATE (b =

PRESSURE

0.gl6)

Eauation ._ equations. coefficients _:7iven volve cubes aver&_ _X is by the of In

(9

represents of may (8). the be The

doubly

infinite of the their equations

family family v_!ues will Pr,s, the as

of

each bp

equations re]_laced resultfng

by

equation known

inthe

normal

_ressure.._

coefficients xw m,i%, and the

the deflection membr&ne pressures _y, to

coefficiez_ts in the The unknown

and the kno%._n y-directions these equations coefficients

_nd equ_l

respectively.. the number of

number of deflection:

In the solution of the six equations of the family reduce to the indeterminate solve wI flection for ws the first ws coefficients six wI will

followin_ of equation form 0 =

problems_ the first (9) that do not 0 will be used to _I rest be zero. of l, the This de-

deflection and be w"5 assumed

coefficients The to

assumption of a 9inite number of coefficients introduces an error into the solution. In each problem the magnitude of trims error will be checked by comparinc_ results as the number of equations used in the solution is increased from one to six. The resultant lo_d must be constant in the x- and in y-direetio_ and the boundaries of the plate must restrai_ht, The first Condition follows directly from 9f the equations (3) and total load: :".: (8) in the follo_ving

the main

the Substitut-ion expressionsfor

NACA

Technical

_Tote

No.:

846

q
Load in x-direction =

0.

G'x&y

Pxbh

!
_ (>o)

Load

in

y-direction

_ =
O.

G'ydx

The second equations

condition (4), (6),

was. checked an@. (8) in

by the. substitution .of the foilo_$ing equations:

a

'_

=/E
0 oo oo

m,n e

l
(II)

Pxa E

--

8a

L__
m----I n--l

mew b

Displacement

of

edges

in

_r-direction

=
oo

_.
0

"

'

Y -- -- < 2 \_T) .dy

,n _ (12)

oo

.. p--yb__.+ 1-_ E.

8b
. ,m:l

___
_l----I

n@w m

thus stant

and (8).

_.quations (i0) to (12) are independent of x showln_-that the conditions of constant, load edge displacement are satisfied by equati.ons

and y, and con(6)

Tile stress '(8) for a square Poissonts ratio

coefficients plate a was chosen

= b as

bp,q are b =

ebtained from given in table _0.1 = 0.816

equation I. for con-

venience of computation and because it is of aluminum alloys. Substitution of these cients in equation (9) gives the equations lating brahe and the tion the _]oressure in II, coef?icients_ the xand the Pr,s,

characteristic stress coeffiin table II rethe average Px men--. and py,

pressures the deflection use of table are

y-directions

coefficients the first

_'_m,nAs an example few terms in the first

of equa-

NACA

Technical

I{ote

No.

846

9
\

-- a_Pl,! n4_h 4

0,37

_ h

-- P X a iTe_h e

W1_,l h

Py ae _2_he

Wl,Z h

+ o.12b w1'
\ h It

c9

- o.1875
h that their the equations so!ution gives

(IS)

in table II are three values Some of for each of the dQf!ection coefficients Wm_ n. these values correspond to stable equilibrium, while the remaining values are either ima{!_inary or correspond to unstable equilibrium. ;ortunately, if the equations in table I are solved by a method of successive aPproximacubics tion_ the solution successive corresponding approximations to stable will con)_er_o equilibrium. on a

will be noted and therefore

_dce The b_# edge The the a solution of

Compression

in result's in the

One

Direction, squarc as edge

Square plates .Shwn.

Plate loaded figure in

followin_ Compression normal of

apply to x-direction Pz and

in

I.

pressure pyah the are equations values from of

the The

compression of this obtaining case

y-direction

zero. in of _h their

n_etnod II for deter

table

consuc%he , and of

sists cessive

assuming, approximation V_luos

and

_',-.Inmn_" _ by equations _ h values

respective

corresponding W 5_I _------. Those h _"

h".

pxa

e _'

calculations

_h have

w w w3 s I__1___3 ' _,I _zx__, .h h h be'on made for 16

increasing are given

by in

in cr e,nenus _ _ table l!I

of and

0.25 figure

from 2.

to

OO;

the

results

The membrane stress coefficients table I and table III with time results The membrane stresses for the corner

%core computed from given in table IV. of the plate, the

centers of the edges, and the center of the plate were then computed from equation (3) and equation (8) with the results given in figure S. _t the maximum load computed, the membrane stress at the corner is a!_f-ost three times the average compressive stress Px"

I0

i_ACA

Technical

Note

N_o.

846

the

The extreme-fiber center and the

bending corners of

"and shearing' stresses the plate i_zere computed

for from

equations (5), equation (6), and table IIIwith the results given in figure 4. _t the maximum load computed_ the bending produces a maximum extreme-fiber stress at o .......the corners of the pl-ate. Th.is stress is directed at 45 to the x and the y axes and has a Value of about l times the average median-fiber ratio of the as the ratio compression Px" the initial carried by width the

The (defined

effective width to of the actual load

'"

plate to the load the plate would have carried if the stress had been uniforn and equal to the Young's modulus times the average edge strain) was computed from equation (ii) and table IIl with the re suits given in figure 5. At the "_ "_-" _" ma_m,nt%m load computed, the average edge strain is 13.5 times the critical strain and the ratio of the effective width to the initial width is 0.434. As a measure of the error resulting from the use of

only six of the equations in the foregoing solution, the results obtained by using one, three, four, and six of the equations of the family of equation (9) are given in table V. The convergence is rapid and the same result is obtained with four equations as with six equations.

Uniform

!Tormal Edge

Pressure, Compression apply as

Square Zero

Plato,

by

The following uniform normal ratio in the

results pressure

to sq.uaro plates shown in figure be 0.316. and in tho normal a'-Fourier coefficients

loaded 8. The" yedge

Poissonls compressions direction p. The sho%n in

b is assumed to x-direction pxah zero. this gives of The uniform pressure in pressure

pyah expansion equation

are of (7)

pressure series Pr of
_.S

is as

the

__ rs 1

(_ .'

P-

The

method II and 'for

obtaining case by

solution of assuming approxi_-_a.

equations values tion of fro_u

in'table _ h

this'

consists successive the h

determining, equations h h

their _,hi_

respective h '

corresponding

vahes of

and
h

mhes

_ACA

Technical

_6te

ITo.

846

ii

calculations creasing by suits given

have

been VI

made

:_for ..... eight 0 7.

va!u:e:s to 4.00

of

wI'Itq the

inre-

increments in table

of 0.50 from and figure

_ith

from

The membrane table I and

stress coeffioien!s table VI with the

have results

been given

computed in table

VII. The me_brane stresses have been o omguted from table VII, equations (Z), and equation (8)for the _ corner of tile plate, the centers of the edges, and the center of the plate _ith the results given in figure 8, The compressive membrane stress at t!le corner of the plate is seen to exceed consistently the tensile membrane stress at the center. The extreme-fiber bending stresses have been computed from equations (5) , equation (6), and table V! for the center and the corners of the plate with the results given in figure 9. Comparison of figures 8 and 9 sho_s that the ratio of membrane stresses to extreme-fiber bending er shearin@; stresses increases raDidl,j with sure. The t%o t_pes of stresses are of 10 4 a magnitude at _ = 400. increasing the same presorder of

_:

As a measure of the rapidity of convergence, the re-_ sults obtained b_v solvin_ with one, three, and six equations of the family of equation (9) are given in table VIII. The co_ivergence of the value of the pressure is rapid &:od monotonic. In the case of the center deflection, the convergence, ho_ever, is oscillatory. For small pressures the amplitude of oscillation rapidly decreases (reference 4, p. S16), -_or larger pressures the decrease in amlolitude of oscillation is less rapid, _s is indi:cated by table VIII(b), but an estimate of the as_fmptotic value may be oNtained by noting that this value, if it exists, must lie between the value at any particular maximum (minimum) and the average of that maximum (minimum) with the preceding minimum (maxi_;._u_). SinGe the .next four oqu ations will Wcenter h 2.745) pa 4 _,h4, and it in cause the a must series, decrease lie giving in
_

7__, h _center, h 2.704 (the

__

_,

n the

h correct of

_,

"

"

and value 2 666

_r5

h of anh

between when necessary pa 4_ Eh4

average At . higher first

2.745 ma_be

: to

247. use

values ten

of

the

equations

III

II

12

I,T_CA Technical

_ote

_o.

846

of to

the family of equation (9) within 1 percent f0r'center

to get a solution deflection.

accurate

Uniform

_ornal Pressure, Edge Displacement

Square Zero

Plate,

The following by a uniform normal Poisson:s ratio _ edge py the tensions are edge in

results apply to square plates loaded pressure as shown in figure lO. is assumed to be 0.316. The average x-- and the y-directions (ll) zero. and (12) -Px by and setting

the

obtained from displacement

equations equal to

Eh _

pya e Eh

w8
m,n
CO

m s

n ,n

,.

2__

+ Zh

8
m

_-_

tuted assumed

The in _

avcra_e.._ . tensions. the equations of the corresponding

-Px table

and Ii,

-p_, are then value of _ Pa_ _, Eh _ by wz ,s ---, h

substiis _s, h aDprox-I ,

values

of

w--!-_-_s.' _' h h imation have been from made

and their

are respective four

determined equations. of

successive These increasing results

calculations by given inin

for

values to 2,00

crements table IX

of 0,50 from 0 and figure I!.

Wl_-_l h with the

from X.

The membrane table I and The membrane

stress coefficients table IX with the stresses have been

have results computed

been computed _'ven in table _ from table

X, equations (S), and equation (8) for the corner of the plate, the centers of the edges, an_% t_ en center of the plate;. -the results are {_iven in figure 12. The tensile membrane stress at the center of the edge is seen to be s!ightly greater than the tensile membrane stress at the center,

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

13

The e_rtreme-fiber bending stresses have been computed from equations (5), equation (6), and table IX for the center and the corners of the plate with the results given in figure 13. Comparison of figures 12 and 13 indicates t]_at bending and membrane stresses at the center of the Plate are s_pproximately _ the same at the maximum !o_ds considered. As a measure of the, rapidity of convergence, the results obtained by using one, three, and six equations of the family of equation (9) e_re given in table XI. The convergence of the value of the pressure is both rapid and monotonic. In the case of the center deflection, th_Lcen%_er gence is oscillatory. For small press[_res, this oscillation decreased rapidly (reference 4, p. 316). For larger pressures the decrease in amplitude of oscillation is less rapid, as is indicated by table XI(b), but an estimate of the asymptotic value m_y be obtained by noting that this value_ if it exists, must lie between the value at any _t max-particular maximum (minimum) and the average of t ho imum (minimum) with the preceding _llnlmu:n (maximum). Since h of"
_c

the will enter

next cause

four a

equo.tions decrease lle between in

for

_-?, h '

7_-!I, h the

h value _nd of of to

Wcenter h 1.827

correct of 1.80g values

faust 1.846

(average At higher

1.846)

and

when

Pa _
Eh _

278.5.

pa 4 it may be necessary, _ to use the first t_n equations h4 the famil_ of equation (,9) to _=_et a solution accurate within 1 percent for center deflection.

Edge The simply sure sho_zn

Combined _/niform Lateral Pressure and Co_upression in One Direction, Squo_re Plate to square pl:}_tes with _',. uniform normal pros-in the x-direction as

following results _pply supported edges io_ded by p and b.y edge compression in fi:_ure I. retie _ is e_gain

Poissonts

assumed the

to

be

0.316. The tc_ble

The

edge compression in method of obtaining_ II for this case

the y-direction eo solution of of

_-_$_ah is equations values

zero. in of

pa_
consists _ssultling EI'_ and

14

_L%CA

Technical

IToto

I{o.

846

_!-_-I
h

and

determining

by
"

successive the h

approximations
"

froz l of

their Eh _'

respective h h

equations h

corresponding

Values

and
h lations have been made for two values of 29,5 and for I five values of _l!_L__1, and h corresponding given in table to each value of Pa4

, Thesecaicupa 4 Eh4, hence 2.25,_ _Id of Pxa Eh e' are

the

results

XII.

The ratio of effective vridth to initial width has been computed fro:;_ equation (II) and table XII _rith the results given in the last t_ro columns of table XII and in fi_ure 14. The reduction _n effective _idth of square plates due to the _oddition of l aters.1 load is seen to be s_pprecis_ble for _ > 2.25. obtained in is rapid

As a measure of the convergence, the results by usin_ one_ three, four, and si_.c of the equations table II are given in table XIII. The convergence and monotonic.

SPECIFIC

SOLUTI01T

FOR

REOTA![GULAR TO

PLATE AXES

(a OF

Sb)

_'_ITPI_TORI_IL PRESSUITE

SYMi_ETRICAL

PLATE

The first t_,}o equations of (9) for the case of a rectangular three times its width (a = 3b)

the f_mil_z of equation plate whose length is are, fo_r _ = 0.Z16.

NXOA

Technical

l_ote

ITo.

846

15

Pl,! n4Eh 4 ,

0.1142

1,1 h

9meSh e

I,____:h r[e_h 2

1,! h

!, t

0.0632

_% I 3

-0.1875

!. )2

z,l

" +0.267

,I

'_r

2 j

b4
_4Eh_

- O.STO w3'I
h

_ 2 pxt w
_ZEh2 h

_ ba
_2Eh2

w
h

I t

h In obe_inod this equations,_ the the with as previous one in solutions equation follo%_in b_ be as c a long close as

+o
" _ppro._inau_on _center h only will the be of < 1 " wgs For t_o and < first used _center h

1
I 3

ronson,

the

proble._! (14), to

_ivon_" will

equation_ limited

deflections

values

1.

It should be noted that the two e%uations of (14) adequate only as long as the normal pressure can scribed b_J the first t_o terms of equation (7):

_ilI be be de-

P_z

= Pl,l

sin

nx a

sin

_Y b

P3,1

sin

J_x a

sin

__Z b well as for (9)

For

mol_e > be

complicated i, used. more

pressure equations

distributions of the family

as of

Wcente_ h should

equation

The follo_ving results apply _ to rec t angular (a = 3b) loaded by a unifor_ lateral pressu_e edge compression actin._ on the shorter edges as figure 15. Poisson_s pre_sion cient_s in Pr,s the in ratio _ is taken _yah series r s as is for p. -P _or 0.316. zero. the The this The The

plates p and by shovzn in

edge coeffi-

con-

y-direction the Fourier

pressure method case

as oY_ conob_

_inin_T

solution

of

equations

16

N&CA

Technical

_Tote p b4

ITo.

846 _r

sists ing by

of

assuming

values

of

Eh 4

and f_:om

_ their wl l h iS vilues

and

determin-

successive the calculations

approximation corresponding have been values made

respective

and of

Px

b2
%

equations These

of for

_h s

and

with

the

results

given

in

t_ble

XIV.

The

ra-

tio of effective width to initial width was computed from equation (ll) _nd table XIV, with the resul_s given in the last two columns of table XIV and in figure 16. The reduction in effective width of rectangular plates (a = Jb) due to the addition o__ lateral loacJ is seen to be less than in the case of square plates (fi{_. 14).

COHPARIS0_

WITH

APPROXI

_,_ _''^_ Width

FORHULAS

Effective

derived

Approximate formulas in references B, (reference by a _ series however,

for effective [5, 6, _d 7. 2) expresses similar to to wl, l,

width

have

been

Hirguerre square Qolate himself,

the deflectio_n equation (6). and lWS's 2 to principle ilqstead of ,I the

for He and first to the

limits

ws_l,

in his numerical work requires that ws_ 3 that _ = 0. His stress function corresponds terms determine differential ent work, of equation the values (8). of He wl uses l the and energy w s

equation given as equ_tion (_o) in the pres?'" _ ! s approximate _arsuerre solution _ s given as curve c in figure 1V. it is evident ths_t, even though Marguorro has limited the number of his arom_rary parameters to two and has taken _ = O, his results arc in excellent agreement with the results obtained in the present paper. given cent Harguerro Is approximate This curve rosults. formula chocks ,. a in then sinusoidal oquat_ _n chooses deflecin his disl3!ace be/b within =

2'

cr/ 7

is

as curve b. %_rith the-exa/et'

about

per-

Bongston tion equiva!ont solution for

(reference 3)assumes to the first term a square plato. He

(6) his

NACA

Tccb_hTcai

Note

I_0. 846

17

ments so that the strain at the supported edges is uniform but, in order to do so, he violates equation (1). Owing to the method of choosing the displacements, however, the resulting errors should be small. The energy principle is then used _to obtain the solution. In order to take account of secondary buckling, it is assumed that buckling of I/3 and 1/9 the original wave len_t_ _:rill occur independently and that the resulting elffectiv9 _ridth %_ili be the product of each of the separate effective widths. FinaT1- y, an envelope curve to the effective widths thus constructed is drawn. This curve is given as curve d in figure 17, It differs less than 7 percent from the effective widths obtained in this paper. The fact that _engsterile values are lower indicates that the increased strength which she%ld result from the conditions of uniform strain at the edges is lost due to the approximate method of taking account of secondary buckling. The be/b = J well-kno_n cr/C is _ormula _lotted of as yon curve Earman a in (see reference 17. It in 7)

_isure _" _

is in good agreement this paper for small abo_t 20 percent low

with the effective values of the ratio for C/Oct = 4.

widths _/cr

obtained but is

Cox (reference 8) in his solution for the simply supported square plate uses energy methods together with the approxim_tion that the strain is uniform along the entire length of a narrow element of the panel. The effectivewidth curve thus obtained is plotted in figure 17 as curve e. It gives effective widths lO to 20 percent below those obtained in this pape r.

Deflection

under

Lateral

Pressure

Navierts solution for the simply supported square plate with small deflections (linear theory), given in reference 9, is included in figures 7, 9, ll, and 13. It is seen that for small deflections the solution given in this paper is in agreement with l_avier_s linear theory. _(azser (reference 5) converted yon _rman s differential equations into difference equations a:{d c_Iculated deflections a_! stresses for a square plate under conseant pressure assuming simpl e support at the edges with zero membrane stress. He obtained Wcenter h 2.47 for

18

ITAOA

Technical

!Tote

I_o.

846

Pa4 - 118.8. This center deflection is about 25 percent Eh & higher than the curve in figure 7; this difference is probably due to the fact that Yaiser allows distortion of _he edges of the plate. The membrane stresses calculated by Kaiser are about one-fifth_s large as those given in the present ures 8 ditions paper. and 12, on the This fact, as well indicates the l_rge membrane stresses. as a comparison influence of of edge figcon-

C0}:[PARISON

_<ITH

EX_ERI}'TF_i_TAL _idth

P_]SULTS

Effective

Extensive experiments stringer p_nels !6 inches and 0.0_5 inch in thic]_ness The sheet of the O.O70-inch

on two _luminum-al!oy sheetwide, 19 inches long, _nd 0.070 _re re_oorte& in reference 8. panel was _LIS-T o_icl_d alumi-

num-a!!o_r and the O.025-inch panel was 2_S-T aluminumalloy sheet. The panels were rei_forced b_z stringers (O.IZ sq in. in e_rea) spaced _- inches on ce_:iters. Deflection curves measured at the time of the experiments indicated theft i!l the pone! having O.025-inch sheet the torsional stiffness of the string:ors was !p_rge enough compared with the stiffness ciable restraint against co_se of the O.070-inch stringers The ments ling ident are strain that s_i_proximated effective plotted in of the sheet to provide apprerotation at the edges; in the aicio_<% a!uminum-o_lloy po_nel the a condition resulting 18 using of simple those 6or plate. alclad support. experithe buck-

widths figure

from for

of a simply in the case

supported squo_ro of the O.O70-inch

It is evaluminum--

alloy sl_eclmen the agreement is excellent up to stresses for which yielding due to the combined bending and membrmne stresses was probo_bly taking pl,_ce. In the case Of the O.025-ineh nluminum-o_lloy specimen the observed effective width exceeded the calculated vo!ues for e/ec r < 7 but the agreement was excellent for e/ec r > of in 7,

which appeared the torsional the edge

to be large stiffness of

enough to reduce the stringers an

the effect a factor

conditions.

NACA

Technic_l

Note

_o.

846

19

Deflection

under

Lateral

Pressure

Kaiser (reference 5) has conducted a carefully controlled experiment on one simply supported plate. In this experiment, as in Kai.serls theoretical work, the edge conditions are such that the membrane stresses at the edge are zero. The initial deflections obtained by Kaiser are in agreement with the results in this paper. At large deflections, however, the fact that the membrane stress at the edge of the plate was zero in the experiment causes the measured @_ofloctions to exceed by appreciable amounts the deflections calculated in this paper.

"

National Bureau Washington,

of Standards, D. C., May

27,

1941.

20

NACA

Technical

)[ote

I_o.

848

I_.EERE F

N C_ S

,*

I.

von

I<arman, Vol; IV

Th.: Festigkeitsprobleme of Encyk. der Math. '_iss., The T.}[. APParent lqo. 833, Widt_h I_ACA,

in Maschlnenbau. 1910, p. 349.' of the 1937. Plate in

2,

_J[arguerre, Karl: Compression. Bengston, and and

3.

Henry _f.: Ship Plating under Compression Hydrostatic Pressure. Trans. Soc. Naval Arch, }{arine Eng., vol 47, _[ov 1939, pp 80-116 S.: Co., Theory Inc., of Elastic 1936. Stability. l[cGraw-

4.

Timoshenko, Hill Book

5.

ICaiser, Rudolf: Rechnerische und experimentelle Ermittlttng de_ Durchbiegungen und Spannungen yon quadratischen P!atten bei freier Auflagerung an den R_ndern, glelchmKssig verteilter Last und grossen Ausbeigungen. Z.f.a.M. _'_:. Bd. , 16, Heft 2, April 1936, pp. 73-98. Coil, H. sion. yon L.: _. The _ucl<ling of Thin & I[. Zo. 15S4, British Plates in A.R.C., Compres1933.

6.

7.

" " Donnell, _arman, Theodor, Sechler, Ernest _ . , and L.H.: _ne Strength of Thin Plates in Compression. A_S.}[.E. Trans, AP_-54-S, vol. 54, no. 2, Jan. 30, 193_, pp. 53 -57.

8.

Ramberg, _a!ter, }[cPherson, _ilbert E., and Levy, Sam: Experimental Stud_! of Deformation and of Effective _idth in Axially Loaded Sheet-Stringer Panels. m %I _To 634, ]2[ACA, 1939 Timoshenko, Hill 9ook S.: Co. Theory , Inc. of Plates , 1960, pp. and Shells. I17-120. }J[c_raw-

9.

NACA Technical

Note

No.

846

_J-

TABLE

I.- EQUATIONS

FOR THE 8TRESS

COEFFIOIENTS

IN

EQUATI0W

(8) FOR A SQUARE PLATE

(a - b)

Zha

rr,
L\,h_'

"to+
\h h / \h h

"t')+

', h /j

Eh _

Eh _

_SL

_.h_

ZOOL \h

\h

"_

__

h / ,, h

oo_,,o,,o._'_' _(,,,,
Eh _ 8\ _ /

,oo_,,,o. o.__(,,_,,,_'
Zh_ 8 \ h /

:i_ _

_5

-,

Eh_

_5

\h

'61_b6'6 "_

"1_-"'5. h

V_

NACA Technic_ TABLE IT.COEFFICIENTS FOR SqUirE PLA_ _ THE

_ote FIRST

NO.

8_ OF TEE 7AEILY 0Y K_AT_N

_ (9)

SIX

EQUATIOn

0-

0=

O=

0=

0=

0=

_Eh4

-Pl,l

-PI,5

-P3,1

_3,3

_,5

-P5,1

0.37

Wl'-----_ 1 h

9._6

Wl'3 h

9:._6 W3'l h

50.0

w3'3 h

_.5

Wl'5 h

6_.5

W5'l h

_z_
< _Z

_x_

Wl'l

h h

Wl'3

-9

W3'l

-9

w3'3

Wl'5

h h

-_5

WS'-----1

h h

Wl'l

-9 w1'3

W3'l

-9

w3'3

-25

w1'5

w5'1

('1,113

_____)
WI,3 _--_ h w3_l _---_ h

01_5
=.1875

-006_5
1.065

-00_
._50

0
-,585

0
-._i0

0
0

-.1875

._50

1.065

-.58_

-._i0

(-1_ -5,5 _- h _TJ

WI'I

0
1.065

-585
0

-585
--1.6_5 0

,05

_0_5
1.1875 0

_0_5

-qT Wl'l
____.__

1.065
500

11.6_5
-3. ;35

0
-3. a5

0
5.6;35

0
1. 685

1.1875
1. 685

Wl, 1 Wl, 3 W3, ! h h h

T Wl, 1 _W_ ll,l h w1,3 h

2 w3,3 h

.405

a.385

a,385

-1.17

5.6_6

-a.34

'4.68

tel'1 W3'l h h

w3_3 h

-1.17

5.685

0
r

-4.68

-;3,34

o
._3_ h ;_ W3'l -1=6;35 0 T -1,_6;_5 7,575

o
7.375 0 0 0

o
-4.00 -4.6R5

o
-4.6;_5 -4. O0

_____l_ 3

. I,

5,1_5

.-5.,06_15

('1,3_' --" \ ,,, /

_1W3 / _' 3'_ 3 _"

"3.,3
h

'15.188

81.65,

10.1:_5

\hi

NICA

Tec_fcaI II

Note (Continued O_

No.

846

2_

T_LE O= O=

O=

O=

O=

_3,1_ _ "
\ .h / Wl'_

"_,3_
h

o
0

o
21.652

-15.168
0

21.65_
0

o
0

o
0

--fT
.:

-w3',3 h

o
5.625

o
0

21.652
0

o
0

o
16.790

o
16.780

Wl, 3 w3,1 h h

_i, _

wI 5 ,

-.210

.20_5

_. 025

0 h 2 WS,l Wl'l h Wl'3 Wl'5 h h -.420

0 -.210 2.375 1.685 ._025 -2,34 0 0 _.0_5 0

Wl, 1 Wl, 3 W5,1 h h h

WI,1

1.685

-4.68

-5.65

h Wl'l h

w3,1 Wl,5 h h W3'l W5'l h h Wl,5 h

1.685

-4.68

-5,65

o
0

-.420

1.685

2._75

-2.34

Wl,l W3,3 h h WI'I h

.405

-_.34

-4.68

4.77

3;645

W3'3 WS'l h h

.405

-4.68

-2.34

4.77

3.645

Wl,l

--E-\h
"1,1{'5,1_

rl,5_

2.025

-2.825

\--_/
Wl'5 W5'l h h

2.025

-_.625

WI'I h

3.645

1,1875 h R Wl,5 _i,_ _ "5,1 _\h / h Wl,5 h 0 0 0 -4.00 _.625 0 0 18,513 0 0 13,451

13.451 0 1.1875 _.6_5 0 0

____

h ___'___i>W5'l 2 Wl'3 h W3'l Wl'5 h h 1,685

-4.00 _.00

0 -9.25

0 16,790

0 0

18.312 10.25

l_CATbchnio_Note

No.

846

_4

T_LE O= Wl'3w3'z h h w5'1 h 1.685 O= -9._5

(Continued O= -8.00 O= 16.790 O= 1_.25 O= 0 o

Wi, 3 w3' 3 Wl'5

-2.34

16.790

-46.16

-19.485

h
WI,3

h
W3,3

h
W5,1 -4.68 0 16.790 0 -19.485 U

h
W3'l

h
W3'3

h
WI'5 -4.68 16,790
o

-19.485

h
W_p_

h
W5'I --2_34 16.790 0 0 --19.485 --46.16

h _2 \h/ (,_2

h Wl,5 h "5,1 h 2.385 0 0 0 38.27_ 20._5

2.385

_0.25

38._72

18.313

-B3.08

-2.825

13.451

-13.625

h Wl,3 _w__.__ 2
w3,1 -2.825 0 13.45 0 0 -13.625

h 2 w3'1('5'1//'- -\ h \h/
W1'3 Wl'5 W5'l

18.31_

-_3.08

10.25

-19.485

-27.25

h 0 10.25 0 --19.485 -_.25 0

W3'l Wl'5 wS'l h h h

h w3'3_5'1_ h \h/
W3'3 Wl'5

"23o08

38.272

-23,08

38.272

W5'l

3.645

-19.485

-19.485

_.5

___/3

39.125

o
\ a !

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

25

TABLE

III

- VALUES OF EQUATIO_

OF

COEFFICIENTS (6) FOR SQUARE

IN

DEFLECTION PLATE UIXD_R

FUI_CTi0N

EDC-E C0_,_SSIO__
p xa _h e wi, 1 h w _z_ 3 h w 3--_-x-_ h

[_ = 0.31_3
w l__l___s h w _ h Wcenter h

w 3______s h

3.66 o 3.72 396 4.34 4.S7 .25 .5o .75 1.oo

o .ooo1o9 .ooos4s .o0275 .oo615 .o1127 .o181 .0267

0 ,ooo164 .oo13o8 .00434 .OlO43 .0203 .0350 .0561 .O846

!

0 .oooooo .oooo12 .oooo_6 .ooo36o .OO1063 .o0257 .0o541 .01040 .0184

.0307 .04S8

o .oooooo .OOOO01 .000005 .oooo17 .o00044

0 .oo0ooo .0oooo1 .o00009 .oooo36 .00o104

o.ooo .25o .498 .743 .9S4 1.220 1..45o 1.673 1.889 2.101
2.303 2.498

5.51 1.25 6.3o 7..22 S.24 9.38

10.61 11..99

1.5o 1.75

.00oo92 I .ooo241 ! .oo0166 .0o0284 .ooo467

.00082 .00145

.000484 .0oo879
.00143 .00215 .00313

2.oo I .0370 2.25

2.50 2.75

.0493 .o635
.0790

.12o8

I .1670

.226_

13.4S 3.0o
I

.095 .112 .129

"

.299 .384 .493 .626 _ ._OS

.0743 .1o7 .151 .206 .2S7

.00273 .oo483

.0041 .oo51o

2.687 2.S71 3.0_4

I

14.97 3..25 16.79 3.5o

.00S93 ! .00565 I
"

18.77 3.75 21.45 4.oo

138

0161

i .00392 i -.oo21

3.212 3.376

.124

.o3o3

NACA Teohn.l.oa3.

Note

No.

846

26

TABLE IV VALUES OF COEFFICIENTS IN STRESS FUNCTION OF EQUATION (8) FOR SQU_RE PLATE UNDER EDGE COHPRESSION

o 316]
3,66 3.7_" 3.96 4.34 4.87 5.51 6.30 7.82 8.84 Eh_ 4_Bb0'8 Eh8 .00 .08 .31 .69 1.82 1.89 8.73 3.69 4.80 6.10 7.52 9.15 I0.92 18.88 15.08 17.58 _0.55 10,61 11.99 13.48 14.97 16.79 18.77 81_.45

.00 Eh8 16_8b0'4 Eh8 16_864,0 .00

.08

.51

.68!1.81 1.86 8.66 3.53:4.58

5.59

6.70

7.88

8.84

9.88ii0.60

11.12 11.83

.00

.00

.00

.01

.03! .07

,18

.80

.38

.50

.77

1.18

1,77

8,70

3.99

6.15

Eh8
4_b8, Eh_36r_b0'6 EhZ 56n;_6'0 _

00

.00

.00

.01

.03

.06

.13

.84

.48

.68

1-06

1.60

8.34

3.30

4.64

6.39

8..79

00
Q O0 i

.00

.01

.04

.09

.19

.34

.57

.89

1.38

1.90

8.64i 3.56

4.74

6.19

8.07

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

'00

.00

.00

.01

.05

.I0

.17!

.35

.64

1,84

,h8
Eh8

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0_

.0_

.06

.ii

.S0

.35

.59

.98

1.70

16_8b8,4

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.03

.08

.17

.38

.58

.99

1.56

8.38

3.43

4.86

16_'b4 '8 Eh8 36n_bs'6

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.04

.Ii

.$3

.441

.76

1.84

1.98

8.81

4.10

_h8

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.08

.03 !

.06

,11

.19

.38

.54

36nSb6, Eh_ 16w_b4'4

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.08

.04

.08

.17

.38

.59

1.03

1.87

_h8 _h8 _h8

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 -.01:-.08

-.04

-.06

-.08

-.II

-.ii

-.08

64_8b0' 8 64Tri_b8,0

.00! .00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.01

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.01

.00

36nSb4'6 Eh_36w266,4

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

,00

.00

.00

,00

.00

.00

.00

-.01

-.08

-.05

-.i0

-;80

_h8
64_b8'_" Eh8 64rrSb_., 8 Eh8 Others

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

,00

-.01

-.01

-.03

-.05

-.09

-.15

-.88

.00

.00

.00

.OOi .00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.01

.01

.01

-.01

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.00 .00

.01 .00

.01 .00

.04 .O0

.10 .00

NACA

Technlcal

Note

No.

846

27

TABLE OF

V A

CONVERGENCE PLATE EQUATIONS IN THE

OF UNDER

S OLUTION EDGE THE

FOR

EFFECTIVE AS EQUATION

WIDTH THE (9)

S_UARE OF USED

COMPRESSION FAMILY IS OF

NUMBER

OF

SOLUTION

INCREASED

= o.316]

Effective Initial Using one from equation (9) Using three from equation (9)

_d dth _i dth

Average

edge

strain strain

Using four from eqD1ation (9)

Using six from equation (_)i.

Critical

1.00 1.67 7. Ol
l

1.000 .797 .570 .538

1.000 .797 .535 .480

1.000 .797 .525 .434 ,

1.000 .797 .525 .434

13.50

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

28

TABLE

VI

VALUES EQUATION UNIFORM

OF

COEFFICIENTS (6), FOR SQUARE

IN

DEFLECTION PLATE UNDER

FUNCTION,

NORMAL =

PRESSURE 0; _ =

p 0.316]

[Edge

compression

pa 4 Eh 4

w ,i h

_ h '

w h I

w h

w h

w h

_penter h

0 12.1 29.4 56.9 99.4 161 247 358 497

i

0 .500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2,500 3.000 _.500 4.0-00

0 .00781 .02165 .0447 .0776 .1195 .167 .221 .282

0 .000814 .00254 .00666 -0152 .0299 .0516 .0813 .116

0 .000644 .00156 ,00303 .00524 .00831 .0123 .0175 .0236

0 .486 .962 1.424 1.870 2.307 2.742 3.174 3.600

TABLE VII - VALUES OF CO_FFICLhTo IN STRESS FL_[CTIOIT, EQUATION (S), FOR SQUARE PLATE U_TDERU_TIF0_,_I NO_U_&L P_SSt_LE p [Edge compression = O; _ = 0,316]

4_Sbo,2 Ehe Eh _ 3_ eb6 " Eh_e _ Zh_ Ehs Eh _ _he 16__b_, 4 _TTeb2,2 Eh e

16_mbO,4

367#b6,0

16_b2,4

36_b2,6

36_b4,6 EhS Others 36_eb6,4 Eh_ o

O

pa*

_h2

Zha

_i_

Eh _

._ba

0 .Ol .05 .16 .39 .77 2.21 .16 1.35 .OS .72 04 :13 .35 ,7_ .31 .oi .05 .10 .00 .01 .02 .O0 ,00 .O0 .00 .o0 .01 .03 ,06

b2,0 O.O0
r_fh

O.O0

0 O.O0 O.O0 O._u 0.00

0.00 .O0 .00 ,o0 .00 -.01 -,03

0.00 .O0 .00 .oo .00 -.01 -.02

0.00 .O0 .00 .00 .o0 .00 .00

o _o _
o

12.I

.30

29._

1:i9

56.9

2.63

. CO

99.4

4.59

161.

7.06

2_7.

!O.Ol

1.3h

35S.
k.gO

13.37

2.16

3.35

.as
.49
i

1.39
2.30
L-

.zb
27

-.o5
-.Og

-.oh
-.07

.oo
.0o_

497.

17.11

3.27

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

30

TABLE AND

VIII Wcenter/h AS

CONVERGENCE OF THE (9) A SQUARE OF IN

OF

SOLUTION UNDER

FOR

pa4/Eh

4 NORMAL' OF

PLATE EQUATIONS

UNIFORM OF IS THE

PRESSURE EQUATION

NUMBER USED

FAMILY

THE

SOLUTION O; _ =

INCREASED

[Edge

compression,

0.316]

(a) wl, i h Using e quat one i on

Pressure pa4 / Eh_

j
i 1 I i

Using e quat

three ions
[

.
_

Using e quat
__

six ions

0 1 3 4

0.00 29.9 271 572

0.00 29.4 249 516

0.00 29.4 247 501

(b)

Center

deflection

Wcenter/h
Wl _ I

h Using e quat one i on Using three e qua t ions

|

Using e quati

six ons

0 i 3 4

0.000 i. 000 3.000 4.000

0.000 . 957 2.666 3.436

! 1 t I

0.000 .962 2.743 3. 600

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

31

TABLE

IX

VALUES EQUATION UNIFORM

OF

COEFFICIENTS (6) , FOR SQUARE

IN

DEFLECTION
,4

FUNCTION,

PLATE p

UNDER

NORMAL

PRESSURE = 0; _ =

[Edge

displacement

0.316]

pa 4

! W1,1 W_,3 W3,1

_h_
o
14.78 51
"

_
o
.500

............. t o
.0089 .0283 .0595 .09?8

i ! !

i
I

W3, _ h

I I o
i .00095 .00366 .00965 .0193
. .... ,,,

" I

W_,5 h

7 I Ws,l! h I f

Wc

enter h

o
.00077 .00252 .00585 .0109
i.

o
.485 .952, 1.402 1.846

i
I

J1
"

000

l
I
i

132.0 278.5

, ! 1.500 2,.000
I .I

I I

! !

TABLE X PLATE UITDZRm,TT_n_Tr.,_,_._PRNSSD2_E p !,,OH'_AL [Zdge disolacement, O; _= 01316]]

VALL_S OF COEFFtCtE}IT8

Ih b_._.,_S FUi'ICTI0t{,

EQUATION (8):,

SQL.'A_m

Pxgt_

_'1_P'b,0 2

)__ 6,0 Z_ ['_-r 02,2 _

-

b4, 2 Zh s '

b6,2 Eh e Others

Eh s

Eh .':s

Zh z

:_ 0

pa

,.b_, ;

- o pya_" Eh z
Zhe Zha Ehz

m 4rr"'o0 ,2 Zh a

!6 LT_b0,4 56Tt_b0,6 !6r_:bo b

36TPb2,6 "_
Ehs

o m _. 0
O. 0 .000 000 0 000

0 .299 .021 .010

r f. .0oo

0 .00_. .002

!I#.78

.%:1

51._
2.59:
_

l.:_lo
.%1 .2! 02

,-

1.17_

.152

._

_'-_

.019
.07

- .002
-.01

-.002
-.01

.000
.00

!
4.53 .g9 .47 .06

co

m,.

152.0

i h.!2

27g.5 i 7.3g I

.23

.00

.02

.00

NACA

Technical

Net e No.

846

33

_A_L_ A_

X_

CONVERGENCE OF THE (9) SQUARE

OF

S;OLUTIONS 7'LATE UNDEP

FOR

pa4/Eh

_Ge_%e_/h AS

UNIFORM OF IS THE

NORMAL' FAMILY

PRESSURE OF -4 EQUATION

NUMBER USED IN

(YF EQUATIONS THE = SOLUTION O; _

INCREASED

C_dg_

displacement

-- 0.316]

f
(a) Pres _ure !

pa_/Eh
W1_l

4 Using six equations

h !

U_Ing @quat

one ion

Using three equations

iO.O00 i .500 il. O00 2I i 500 000

! i _

0.00 14.83 51.8 133.0, 280. 2

j I ! ,I i

0.00 14.78 51.4 132.0 278.5

0o00 14o7_3 51.4 132.0 278.5

I
i

'
(b) Center deflect ion ! ....

I
_h l i Using i j I equation h oneWcenter_ Using three Using six equations equatiOns

! t

i-ooo
500 ii 000 i_ :500 12.000

I
i ! I I

o.ooo
.500 1.000 1.500 2. 000

o.ooo
.482 .944 1.382 i. 807

:
, '

o.ooo
.485 .952 1.402 i. 846

[_ : 0.]16]

_ w]'!h h Wl'Sh 1 "_ '-'_h

w], 3

w_<i

Zffective width

Aver.age edge strain _(D 0

Wl,lh I Wl'3-a JF_hzPXa_'

!hitial widtl__ '( Cr'i cal'"s't t_i rain)_]i0

(a) __4

.'_

0.I0

0.00

0,0013)$ 0.00134

0:0001,37 0.000119

0.00011.9

0.000

O.O03b

<0 l.S7

001_2 .00171 .O00lbg 000120 .000129 ,

.973

.526 1.o7 ._55 1.3o

_)

.60 3.4S 2.93 4o .so 3.9s

.oo_76 .00400 .000250 .000120 .ooo14_ .Ss7 .oo17g .oo'.141 .ooozo9 .ooo12o ._,o ! .ooo_,7_o ,, ' .00o126 .ooo155 .ooo_64 '_:_ ,.-..-,-_.,_-'_:: .935 .oo_45) ._3_

o co"

_,.4 .mI

....

z.oo o.oo o.o_16 o.o_1o o.oo_% o.oob5 0.00?55

.o3_1 .OL_13 .055 .o_1 .0o37 .oo5o .ooSs .011 .oo.159 .o016:_ .oo2 .oo_ .o0173 .oo186 .oo2 .0o?

o.ooo
.479 .50 .536 535

0.34
i.I0 1.6o ,i? _.,_6

1.3o 1.5o 1.7o 2.O0

1,93 3.04 4.16 5.7S

.027? .03_5 .o39 .oso

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

$5

TABLE WIDTH LATERAL OF

XIII OF

CONVERGENCE SQUARE AND OF THE THE PLATE EDGE

OF

SOLUTION

FOR

EFFECTIVE UNIFORM

UNDER

COMBINED AS

PRESSURE

COMPRESSION OF IS EQUATION

THE (9)

NUMBER USED IN

EQUATIONS

FAMILY

SOLUTION [_ =

INCREASED

0.3163

I l(a)

Initial Effective

width width

Pa _ where = 2.25
r H I I

!w_,_ h

Using equat

one ion

Using equat

three ions

Using equat

four i ons

Using equat

six ions

. I0 .20 . 40 .60
e

l _ I
I

.000 .974
|

.000 .974 '

I

.000 .974 . 935 .887

000 .974 . 935 .887

. 935 .887

. 935 .887 .832

80

8._32

832

8,.32

I i(b)

Effective Initial

width
@

width

t............. 1
I----_ equation Using one

i t
1

_:hen

Eh'_ Pa4

29

.....................
equations Using equations Using

I 1

equations Using

three

four

six

1 .O0 1.30 I. 50 1.70 2.00

_ 053 . 49"3 . 556 . 551 . 556

Ii t

.000 .479 .520 .536 .535

.000 .479 . 520 . 536 .535

.000 .479 .520 . 536 .535

NACA

Technical

Note

No.

846

36

TABLE EDGE

XIV-

COMBINED IN FOR _Fa =

UNIFORM THE

LATERAL OF

PRESSURE THE x-AXIS

AND _xbh _

COMPRESSION

DIRECTION

RECTANGULAR 3b; _ =

PLATES 0.316]

pb 4 I_Eh 4

b2
Eh 2

Wl

W3

, h

,I h

Effective _Tidth width Initial

Average edge strain 0 (critic_ strain)p=

I0.00
.00 00 .00 .00 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50

3.66 3.72 3.96 4.34 4.87 .00 1.02 2.47 3.69 .00 .77 2.68 3.58

0.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .313 .344 .405 .443 .583 .620 .739 .800 I

0.00

"

1.000 .978 .928

i

1.00 1.04 1.17 1.37 1.67 .004 .276 .683 1.05 ' .015 .233 .765 1.03

.25 .50 .75 1.00 .0365 .0500 .i000 .300 .0797 .I00 .200 .300 _

.863 .798 .000 .980 .989 .962 .000 .926 .957 .947

|OA

Technical

Ilote

llo.

846

F_.&'a.

1,8

Px

Figure

i.- Square

plate

loaded

by edge

compression

in x-direction.

,3---

- _

//"/

"'w_

,
0
Figure

/
4

//
,_,_.__3 "I'U3

ws, 1

;h

_i,_

/Z

/6

20

24

2.- Values of coefficients in table 1_ for deflection function w =_ _Wm, n sin m11x/a sin nl_y/a for a square plate under edge compression. Average compressive stress in x-direction _ Px; - 0.316.

A---J/ t/,
_a----------'. _a-->

o_ _/
0

60

60 _

50 A B A L ____ A A _

p_

=ah

50

p_

ah--.

_. ,

40 _0

30

_ 30

"'B_

20 _

20 I0

/ --_'-.

I0

, Z
26 ]_ a_/Eh 2
B, V, 7-, _ (_,y&;3/IChS) (tenelon) B (o'x&_IEh_) D (compreeelon) (O,x&_/Eh_)O (comprelelon) Average

/
.... J
30 40
(c'x&2/Eh2) B (compreeeldn) D, F%gure

/
0

/
A_A_,(-_Wxy&SlE#)A (,'xya_IEh;3) D

<
/" ,

I0

I0

20 P= a_/Eh 2
B_.B_, (owyoti_IEh_) D E, (_'xa_/Eh2) A

30

40

A__, ((I'x&_/Eb2)A (compression)

__G__C , ((_'y&S/I;hS) (compreeslon) A

C_, (_'x@/lebg) D ___FF, (_,y@/|h3)&

_,

(_,y&_.IEb2)0 (compress%on)

(O'y@/ICb2) D (tension)

Figure

3.-

Membrane stresses or & iquare plate under edge co_reeeion. compreeelve etreJe in x-dlrection = _ _ I_ 0.316.

4.- Bending stresses &t the center platte under edge compression, x-dlrectlon _Px _ _ _ 0._16.

and the corner for avoraEe co_reeelve

& oqusre etreee la_

CA

d_

N&C& Teohntc_

Note

No.

846

Fll_'s.

5,6

.2

G Average edge

8 _/Foin

I0 E J _ equ&re plate

12

14

Figure

5.-

Crif/_QI sfroin Effectlve-width curve for a 81mply supported compression. _ = 0.316.

under

edge

'
i .I i I

Figure

6.-

Square

plate

loaded

by a uniform

normal

pressure

p. Edge

compression

O.

lll_&

Technical

lioCe

So. "846

Fl_.

7,8

L ineor

theor'y

/
/

"_..,,t,_"

/
"LO 1 _ 5 7_5_I _/J3 _ 3 _LO 1 _ 5 "LO 5 _ 1

_---------

0
Figure theory 7.Values of coefficients

I O0
in uhder tableVI uniform

200 p a 41Eh
for normal deflection

300
function p. Edge

400

500
sin O; m_x/a sin nwy/a Linear

w = _m Zn Wm, n compression =

for a square plate from reference 9.

pressure

_ ,= 0.516.

40

30

I
a C D C /_

//

//
/'/
I0 "/I // / /

/
/ / /

///LO

2-

0 A,
C-, --

I O0

200

(_,xaZ/EhB),a
(O,xaZ/lhZ)B

, (d, aa/Eha)A , (6,yYaP-/EhZ)C

(compression) (compression)
E,

300 pa 4/Eh , _B, (,_'yaZ/Eh_) 0 , (O'zaZ/EhZ)

(T'' xyaZ/Ehz)& under uniform

400 B , (d'xaa/Eh2)
D , (O'yaZ/Eh2)

500 c (tension)
D (tension)

Fi@,are

8.-

Membrane stresses compression = O;

for a square = 0.316.

plate

normal

pressure

p.

Edge

NAOA'l"ee_aioLl.. lots

Bo

8,16

Figs.

9,10

40

30 "_ O"a 2 Eh z _

a A ,

.D A _ , x /_ ,4..

////-

-_
i 0

.
-- L/bear" I00 theory. 200 ,.C 300 400 ,0 500

po4/Eh4
A (.y'_xyal_/Ell_')ll; 8, (O-"xai_/Ehi_)D , (O-"y&_'/Elli_)D ; , (TllXya2/Eh;_) D ; D, (o'_Ixa2/ih_) 1 , (_"y&_'/iili_) i

Figure 9.- Extreme-flber bending stresses at the center and the corner for a square plate under uniform normal pr'essure.Edge compression _ O; _ - 0.316. Linear theory from reference 9.

-pi/a

-p_, a h

fl.

Figure i0.- Square plate loaded by a uniform normal pressure p and by edge forces -_xah and -_yah sufficient to make the edge displacement lero.

|ACA Technical

Note

lo. 846

Figs,

11,12"

2.0

1 /
Lineor_lTeOFy / / / / /

_.- /

I/ h .

//
.4
h _ h : h h

%
0 40 80 120
.pa Figure Linear 4/Eh

160
4

BO0

2WO

2_0

ii.- Values of coefficients in table IX for deflection for a square plate under uniform normal pressure theory from reference 9. 20

functio n w ,= _ _ Wm, n sin m_x/a sin n_y/a p. Edge displacement = O_ _ = 0.516.

/6 'V

-TA
12 -_'C

B A
D "C

_
_8

B +._ %
h

/B_

."

//

/ /
IOO 2oo
(%ension) for a square plate - O; _ - 0.516.

%_

3oo

C, (6'xaelmhe)B Figure 12.-

, (_'ya21mh2)O

D, (O'xa_Imh_)A under uniform

, (e'ya_Imh2)a normal Stress p.

(tension)

Membrane stresses Edge displacement

WACA Technical

|ore

|o.

846

Fig|.

13,14

20

--T A | aC /2
I

B D B

A C A x -/

--L
,,_]

L/ne Cam theory I h't

///
4 _//Ll./Teo m fheor'y f/ 0
A, (d"xa_'/Eh2)D , (d"yaa/Eh2) D

I O0 200 pa4/Eh "_

C T

D 7

300
_ (T"xya21Eh2) B

B, (-r"xya2/Eh_) A ,

D, (_"xa_l_nr)B (_"yarlmhZ)B ,
Figure 13.-

_E,(_"_aSlmhS) , (_"yarlmhS)o o
9.

Extreme-flber bending stresses at the .-enter and the corner for a square plate under uniform normal pressure. Edge displacement = O; _ = 0.316. Linear theory :from reference

/0

.,9 p a 4/Eh 4 = o

.2

I
Aver-oge

_2
edge $i-ro/n

(CH */c a/ -,_;-oin) :o:o

Figure 14.- Effect of normal pressure on effective width of a square plate loaded by edge compremslon.

M&CA Technical

Note

No.

846

Figs.

15,16

a
_5_ b bh
!

Figure

15;-

Combined

normal

pressure

and

edge

compression

for

rect&ngular

plate

(a-

5b).

/.0

pb _ _=0-. I '

4.50
\

4_

_b
..

b _

_bh

p. bh ---__p=bh h .2

0.

.4

.8 I.Z Averoge ed_ s.frain (Critica/ xtroin)p._

on ehor_ effectiTe sidee. width of a rec_lu_ul_r

1.6

Figure

16.-

Zffect edge

of normal compression

preesure on the

plate

(a

_b)

loaded

by

WAC Technic_

/.0

Note

io.

846

Figs.

1_,18

\\\

k)

.2

,4

8 E

/0 J (co.,.. square plate

/2

14

Figure

Effective-width curves erent souroe8 o (a) Reference 7, be/b.= _ (c} Approximate solution of reference 2 (e) Formula, of reference 6, be/b = 0.09 + 0.80 _cr/ (Exact) Derived from

I7.-

Averoge edge ,_f/-=_in C/_ificol ,__,fr'o/n for a simply supported

according

to

diff2,

(b) Approximate formula of reference be/b = (d) Solution of reference 3 pree.ent paper

1.0 -_

_o

,x Tes? on O.070-inch 24S-T o/clod olum/_um-olloy pone/. _StF/'r/_Te/-_ oppFoximoYed si_, oI_ _upporA o Te_t on O.025-inch 24.9"T olominum-ol/oypone/.
o .Sf/-in_Te/-s pFov ided v Edge sf/-ess exceed_ r'es, fr'o/b/ogoin_f 25,000 Ib/sc/ //7. r'oTLof/on.

.8

.2

6 Aver-o_e

edcZe

8 :l_Foin

I0 E

12

14

Figure square

18.plates.

Comp_ison of 8. The critlo_l

computed _tr_tn

Cr/f/co/ _froin _ E_ effective width _d e_l_erimental is the CO_l_uted critical strain

results from refel_nce for simply SU_l_orted

RESTRICTED TITLE: Bending of Rectangular Plates with large Deflections AUTHORS): Levy, Samuel ORIGINATING AGENCY: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, D. C. PUBLISHED BY: (Same)
DOC (UO.
MO

ATI- 6839 (Haas)

nnuwiHo
MHNCV MO.

Maya" ABSTRACT:

-esir__

1LS.

JEog~

LlS

nuttsunos Itahlps, graphs

Von Karman's fundamental equations for large deflections of plates are used for the case of a rectangular plate under combined edge compression and lateral loading. Numerical solutions for square and rectangular plates with a width span ratio of 3:1 are given. Deflections for a square plate under lateral pressure are compared with experimental and theoretical results by Kaiser. It was found that the effective widths agree closely with Marguerre's formula and with the experimentally observed values and the deflections agree with experimental results.

DISTRIBUTION: Request cnnles nf this retwrt nnlv from Originating Agency SUBJECT HEADINGS: Plates - Stresses (71975) DIVISION: stress Analysis and Structures (7) SECTION: structural Theory and Analysis Methods (2) ATI SHEET NO.: R-T-2-12 .
Air Documents Division, Inrolllaonco Doportmont Air Maloriol Command

AIR TECHNICAL INDEX RESTRICTED

Wright-Pattoroon Air Foreo Bass Dayton, Ohio