EXERCISE ANSWER KEY ______________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 3 - THE MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH

Exercise 3.1 This exercise lends itself to group work. It focuses students attention on their knowledge of the underlying morphological system that enables them to create new words from nonsense words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. bloggy bloggish bloggishly or bloggily bloggery or blogging He meant the universe of Web logs.

Exercise 3.2 1. dis # able {dis-} negates the meaning of a word (disallow, disfunction) {able} is an adjective meaning capable of 2. non # sense {non-} changes the meaning of a word to its negative (nonrefundable) {sense} is a noun meaning intelligibility 3. fright # en {fright} is a noun meaning intense fear {-en} creates verbs from other words (sharpen) 4. type # write # er {type} is a noun meaning printed letter or character {write} is a verb meaning to form letters or characters {-er} creates nouns meaning one who does (speaker) 5. in # decent {in-} changes the meaning of a word to its opposite (insensitive) {decent} is an adjective meaning modest 6. en # roll # ment {en-} creates verbs from other words (enslave) {roll} is a noun meaning roster {-ment} creates nouns meaning state of (excitement) 7. fever # ish # ly {fever} is a noun meaning high body temperature {-ish} creates adjectives from other words (foolish) {-ly} creates adverbs from adjectives (quickly)
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. need # less # ness {need} is a noun meaning the condition in which something is required {-less} creates adjectives meaning free of (careless) {-ness} creates nouns from adjectives (shyness) 9. un # ethic # al {un-} changes the meaning of a word to its negative (unkind) {ethic} is a noun meaning a principle of right {-al} creates adjectives from other words

Exercise 3.3 Yester | day | the | bak | er |s | old | est | daughter | ran | a | way | with | the | bank | er |s | young | er | son.

Exercise 3.4 1. 2. Mark | usual | ly | check | s | the | new | s | paper | head | line | s | each | after | noon. Jack | ie | real | ly | try | ed | to | under | stand | the | teach | er | s | state | ment.

The American Heritage Dictionary calls news a plural but students may not perceive it as such.

Exercise 3.5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. D - Something that will occur in the future. B - Something in a narrative that occurred in the past but is told as though it were happening in the present C - Something that is ongoing in the past, present, and future or A - A regular activity assumed to occur in the past, the present, and the future B - Something in a narrative that occurred in the past but is told as though it were happening in the present E - Something that occurs at an indefinite time A - A regular activity assumed to occur in the past, the present, and the future

Exercise 3.6 1. owned, owned

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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. brought, brought 3. wove, woven (Some dialects use weaved, weaved.) 4. got, got (Some American dialects use gotten as a past participle.) 5. learned, learned (British English has learnt as past and past participle.) 6. swung, swung (Some dialects use swang, swung.) 7. crept, crept 8. woke, waked (Some dialects use waked, waked or woke, woken.) 9. pleaded, pleaded or pled, pled

Exercise 3.7 1. Noun Verb Noun Adjective Noun Verb Adjective Noun Verb Noun Verb Obesity is one of the results of our love of fast food. Clarissas failure to water the garden resulted in lots of dead shrubs. Some actors always have to play the heavies in the movies. Abby believes a pound of lead is heavier than a pound of feathers. Tom tried three yellows before he found a house color he liked. The rice slowly yellowed as Nisha stirred in the saffron. I prefer eggs with yellower yolks. The short stop caught three flies in the eighth inning. Matt and his family flew to Hawaii every summer when he was a child. There were only a few seats available in the auditorium for todays lecture. We seated ourselves in the first row so that we would be able to see the speaker easily.

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Noun

Lots of people found the stock market irresistible when it was hitting new highs every day. Adjective It was possible then to get the highest returns ever on investments. Adverb Some unfortunate people are still waiting for the market to go higher than it was when they first bought stock. Noun Verb It is difficult to find old cars with bright finishes. The orchestra has finished rehearsing for tonights concert.

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Noun

The snows on that mountain sometimes make it difficult for climbers to find their
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ way back down. Verb It was snowing when we started driving home at Thanksgiving. 9. Noun Fortunately, Gwens fasts usually last only a day or two. Verb When she fasts, her children have to cook their own dinners. Adjective The fastest vehicles on the road are sometimes the trucks. Adverb Do you drive faster when going to school or when going home?

Exercise 3.8 Some of the possible derivations from act are: actable, actably, action, actionary, actionless, activate, active, actively activeness activist, activistic, activisticly, activity, antiaction, deactivate, enact, enaction, enactment, inactable, inactableness, inactably, inaction, inactivate, inactive, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity, nonaction, nonactive, nonactively, nonactiveness, nonactivity, proaction, proactive, proactively, proactiveness, proactivity, react, reaction, reactionary, reactionless, reactionlessly, reactivate, reactive, reactiveness, reactivity, reenact, reenaction, reenactment, semiaction, semiactive, semiactively, semiactiveness, semiactivity, superaction, superactive, superactively, unactable, unactably, and so on. Students may create or discover others.

Exercise 3.9 1. {scan} free base {-er} bound derivational suffix; creates nouns meaning something that performs the action; can be used in copier {ante-} bound derivational prefix meaning before; can be used in antebellum {chamber} free base {pre-} bound derivational prefix meaning before in time; can be used in preschool {view} free base {un-} bound derivational prefix meaning not; can be used in unpleasant {afford} free base {-able} bound derivational adjective-making suffix meaning capable of; can be used in reasonable
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. {be-} bound derivational verb-making prefix; can be used in bedevil {calm} free base {inter-}bound derivational morpheme, meaning between or among; can be used in interact {net} free base {oboe} free base {-ist} bound derivational suffix meaning a person who does or plays; can be used in soloist {employ} free base {-ment} bound derivational noun-making suffix; can be used in government {fore-} bound derivational prefix meaning before in time; can be used in foretaste {close} free base {-ure} bound derivational noun-making morpheme meaning act of; can be used in erasure

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Exercise 3.10 This exercise can be assigned as homework or it can be done in class in small groups. acrophobia claustrophobia hydrophobia agoraphobia gamophobia orinthophobia panophobia melissophobia demophobia thanatophobia phagophobia ichthyphobia genophobia arachnophobia ophidiophobia xenophobia gynophobia triskaidekaphobia fear of heights fear of being locked up, shut up in an enclosed space fear of water fear of open spaces fear of marriage fear of birds fear of work fear of bees fear of crowds fear of death fear of eating fear of fish fear of sex fear of spiders fear of snakes fear of strangers fear of women fear of thirteen
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ autophobia fear of being alone

scopophobia hygrophobia batrachnophobia peniaphobia alophobia

fear of being looked at fear of dampness fear of frogs fear of poverty fear of seeing, handling, or playing a flute or similar wind instrument.

Exercise 3.11 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. brook - inflects as a noun (brooks) and a verb (brooked); the noun accepts the derivational affix {let}: brooklet until - cannot accept changes rather - cannot accept changes old - inflects as an adjective (older, oldest); it also accepts the derivational suffix {-en} (olden) thus - cannot accept changes so - cannot accept changes however - cannot accept changes stop - inflects as a noun (stops) and a verb (stopped); it also accepts the derivational suffix {-er} (stopper). someone - accepts no derivational suffixes, but inflects as a pronoun (someones notes)

Review Exercises Morphological Analysis 1. unspeakable {un-} {speak} {-able} 2. mysteriously {mystery} {-ous} {-ly}

bound derivational prefix meaning not(uneven) free base meaning to utter words: The Attorney General will speak at our Commencement. bound derivational suffix ; creates adjectives meaning capable of (arguable)

contains a bound allomorph of the free base meaning something inexplicable: Carolyn wrote her first mystery when she was only twelve. bound derivational suffix; creates adjectives meaning full of (rigorous) bound derivational suffix; creates adverbs from adjectives (quickly)
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________

3.

indecisive {in-} {decide} {-ive}

bound derivational prefix meaning not (inedible) bound base form of decide to conclude or settle: Jacks problem is that he cannot decide. bound derivational suffix; creates adjectives meaning tendency toward (reclusive)

4.

keyboard {key}

free base meaning a button that is pressed to operate a machine: The delete key on this computer doesnt work. {board} free base meaning a flat piece of wood adapted for special use: Their bookshelf was made of boards supported by bricks. Keyboard is a compound word. 5. connection {connect} {-ion} 6. delightful {delight} {-ful} 7. removal {re-} {move} {-al} 8. nanometer {nano-} {meter} gigabyte {giga-}

free base meaning to join, fasten, or link: Millies conversation never connects with what precedes it. bound derivational suffix; creates nouns from verbs (transaction)

free base meaning great pleasure, joy: The new puppy was a delight to the whole family. bound derivational suffix; creates adjectives meaning full of (respectful)

bound derivational prefix meaning back (reset) free base meaning to change position from one point to another: The second movement of a symphony is often slower than the first. bound derivational suffix; creates nouns meaning act of (deferral)

bound derivational prefix meaning one billionth (nanosecond) free base unit of measure: Europeans use meters instead of yards as measures of distance. bound derivational prefix meaning a billion (gigaops a billion operations per second)
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ {byte) free base meaning a sequence of bits, usually eight, treated as a unit in computing

Inflectional Morphemes [Be sure here that participles used adjectivally are not included in identifications.] traveled lived days was slower lasting involving customs waited boats arrived being heading Colonies best encountered Brothers lasted ships later past tense past tense noun plural verb past tense adjective comparison verb present participle verb present participle noun plural verb past tense noun possessive verb past tense verb present participle verb present participle noun plural adverb superlative verb past tense noun plural possessive verb past participle noun possessive adjective comparative

New Coinages 1. {con-} as in convict {descend} to go down {-ing} present-participle morpheme {lie} prevaricate {able} bound derivational suffix meaning capable of {-ity} derivational suffix used to create nouns from adjectives {equine} horse {ox} male cow
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EXERCISE ANSWER KEY _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. {ape} a primate, such as a monkey or gorilla {-ology} study of 5. cant - contraction of can + {not} {elope} run away to get married

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{de-} changes the meaning of a verb to its opposite, as in desalinate {stable} to put horses in a barn {-ize} verb-making morpheme as in randomize {pre-} as in preschool {curse} to swear {-or} one who does or performs an act

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