Question Bank

UNIT 4: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION & ALTERNATING CURRENT

KNOWLEDGE BASED QUESTION: (1) Name the conservation law on which Lenzs law is tested .[ (2) Give the dimensional formula for (i) [(i) ML2T 2A-1 (ii) ML2T 2A-2 (ii) L (iii) B (iii) MT 2A-1 ] Energy conservation]

(3) Discuss the role of self induction in an electrical circuit. [ opposes the change in current ] (4) How non inductive winding is done in resistance box? [ by doubling the wire on itself ] (5) Find the mutual inductance between two plane coils (i) When they lie on same plane (ii) When they lie mutually perpendicular

(6) A coil of area, having N number of turns is rotated in a uniform magnetic field with uniform angular velocity. (7) Show mathematically that in a pure inductive circuit Voltage leads the current by /2 phase. (8)Deduce an expression for each of inductive and capacitive reactance. (9)Write the expression for average power in an A.C. circuit. Thus show that no power is dissipated across an inductor and a capacitor. (10)What are the various factors on which mutual inductance of two coils depend on . (11) Find the energy stored in an inductor When a current passes through it. Then find the energy stored per unit volume of a magnetic field. (12) Show that displacement current in a capacitor is same as conduction current. (13) A closed loop cuts through a uniform magnetic field. Find the expression for current induced and the force required to carry the coil with constant velocity. (14) What is eddy current? How eddy current could be minimized? (15) What are different losses in a transformer? (16) What is resonance in an LCR circuit . (17) Show that in an LC circuit the sum of energies stored in a capacitor and an inductor is constant in time.

UNDERSTANDING BASED QUESTIONS: (1) Distinguish between average value and rms value of an alternating current. [

i av =

i0 - Taken over half cycle, Irms =

i0 2

Taken over any time ]

(2) Why a bar magnet falling freely under gravity through a ring falls with a smaller acceleration ? [ Due to the induced current its motion is opposed ] (3) How can you explain the production of emf in a moving rod through a uniform magnetic field. what is the necessary condition for the flow of induced current ?
Fe = Fm eE = evB E = v.B V = v.B v = vBl = Emf induced l current flow - aloop should be completed

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Explain the statement Current will never set or die off in an ideal inductor. Why a d.c. cant be transformed by a transformer? An electric bulb could be used in both a.c. and d.c. but a fan cannt be used in d.c. How the mutual inductance of two coils change with the orientation of the coils ? A coil is taken away from a magnet i) rapidly ii) slowly over same distance . In which case more work is performed and why? (9) How does the self inductance of an air core coil change when i) No. of turn in the coil is doubled ii) An iron bar is introduced iii)Length of the coil is halved - by keeping no. of turns same . (10) Why a capacitor acts as a short circuit at high frequency but as an open circuit for d.c. (11) A small resistor is connected across a motor why ? (12) In an L-C circuit the charge on the capacitor is sometimes zero , even though there is a current in the circuit . Why? (13) Under what condition power consumed in a series L-C-R circuit is maximum. [At resonance i.e. when v = 1 2LC ] (14) How can you say that Lenzs law follows the principle of conservation of energy . (15) What will be the direction of induced current when the current in the wire . i) increases ii) decreases M L [ i) KNML ii) KLMN N K

SKILL BASED QUESTION:

(1) Draw the graph showing the variation of i) XL ii) XC iii) Z when w changes in a series L-C-R circuit . [ i) XL w XL ii) XC 1/w Xc iii) Zmin = R ] Z

R w (i) (ii) w w0 (iii) W

(2) A bar magnet falls freely through a coil , draw the graph showing variation of e.m.f. with time. (3) A conductor of length l moves perpendicularly through a uniform magnetic field in a region with constant velocity . Sketch the variation of following quantities with distance . i) Flux ii) E.m.f. iii) Force iv) Power

APPLICATION BASED QUESTIONS (1) A coil having 400 turns and area 0.2 m2 is place normally in a magnetic field which change from 0.3 T to 0.7 T in 1 ms . Calculate e.m.f. induced . [ = d = N(B2 B1) A = (0.7 0.3 ) x 400 x 0.2 dt dt 10-3

= 32 x 10 3 V ] (2) A coil has an inductive of 0.05 H . If the current in the coil changes at a rate of 15 A/s , find the induced e.m.f. [ = L. di/dt , di / dt = 15 A/s = 0.05 x 15 = 0.75 V ] (3) The area of each turn of 1000 turn coil is 0.27 m2 . If the coil is made to rotate at 2000 rpm in a magnetic field 0.1T then find the maximum voltage generated. [ max = n BAw n = 1000 , A = 0.27 , B= 0.1T , w = ( 2000/60 x 2) rad/s max = 1000 x 0.27 x 0.1 x 100/3 x 2 = 5652 V ]

(4) Two coils are magnetically linked . The average induced e.m.f. in one of them is 900 V , when current changes from 10A to 40 A in 10 ms . What is the mutual inductance of the coil ? [ = M. di/dt , = 900 v , di/dt = 40 10 = 30 x 102 10 - 2 = 0.3 H ]

M = = 900 di 30 x 102 dt

(5) The primary and secondary of a transformer has a mutual inductance of 0.5 H . What is induced e.m.f. in secondary when current in primary changes at 5 A/S ? [
s

= M . di/dt = 0.5 x 5 = 2.5 V ]

(6) A coil of 500 mH has a resistance 80 , what is the impedances of the coil for an a.c. of frequency 60 Hz ? [ Z= R2
x

L2

802 + ( 2 x 3.14 x 60 x 0.5)2

= 6400 + 35532 = 204.7 ]

(7) An 80 V , 800W heater is to be operated on a 100 V , 50 HZ line . Calculate the inductance of the choke to be used . [ R = V2 = 80 x 80 = 8 , i = V/R = 80/8 = 10/A P 800 Z = At 100 V , R2 + w2L2 i = V0 = 100 Z Z => Z = 100 = 100 = 10 i 10 82 + w2L2

10 =

=> 100 = 64 + w2L2 ( 2 x 50)2 L2 = 36

L = [

36 2 x 50 ]

6 100

= 1.91 mH

(8) A 2/ mF capacitor , a 0.1 H inductor and a 12 resistor are connected in series with an A.C. voltage of = 310 Sin 314t Volt . Find I) Peak e.m.f ii) Frequency of the e.m.f. iii) Total reactance of the circuit iv) Impedances of the circuit v) Virtual current vi) Phase difference between current and voltage vii) Instantaneous current in the circuit viii) Effective voltages across the capacitor , inductor and resistor ix) Resonant frequency x) Peak unit at resonance frequency xi) Power dissipated xii) Power dissipated at resonance . [ = 310 Sin 314t , i) 0 = 310 V ii) 314 = 2v

iii) Xc = 1/2vc = 1/2 x 50 x 2/ x 10-3 XL = 0.1/ x 100 = 10 XL - XC = 10 5 = 5 122 + (10-5)2

= 1000/200 = 5

iv) z = v) i0

144 + 25 =

169

= 13

vi)

= 0 = 23.8A = 310 z 13 = 23.8 x 0.7 = 16.66 A iv = 23.8 2 tan = XL - XC = 5/12 = 0.4167 R = 22 37 = 0.394 rad , voltage leads .

vii) viii)

I = 23.8 Sin(314t - 0.394) A c = IrXC = 16.7 x 5 = 83.5 V L = IvXL = 16.7 x 10 = 167 V R = IvR = 16.7 x 12 = 200.4 V V= 1 2LC = 2 2 x 10
-4

ix)

= 2 1 =

1 0.1 x 2 x 10-3 100 = 252 HZ 22 = 25.83 V

x)

(i0)Reso

= 0

= 310/12

xi) xii)

R P = iv R = (16.7)2 x 12 = 3346.7 watt

2

= i0 ( 25.83)2 x 12 = 4003.1 watt ] 2 (9) A bulb of resistance 10 connected to an inductor of inductance L is in series to an a.c. source 100 V , 50 HZ . If the phase angle between the voltage and current is /4 radian calculate L . [ R = 10 , = /4 , v = 50 HZ Preso tan = , X2 / R = 2vL/R

L = R. tan = 0.0318 H 2v ] (10) The primary coil of an ideal step up transformer has 100 turns , and K = 100 . The i/P voltage and power are 220 V and 1100 w . Calculate : i) ii) iii) iv) [ i) ii) iii) iv) Number of turns in secondary Current in the primary Voltage across secondary Power in secondary K = N2/N1 IP = PP/EP => N2 = KN = 100 x 100 = 104

= 1100 / 220 = 5A

S = K P = 100 x 220 = 22000 V PS = IS . S = IP . P = 1100 w ]

(11) Calculate the current drawn by the primary of transformer which steps down 200 V to 20 V , to operate a device of 20 . efficiency is 80% . [ = S IS P IP 0.8 = 20 / 200IP Ip = 1/8 = 0.125 A ] = 20 x 1 200 x IP , IS = S RS = 20/20 = 1 A

(12) In a series L-C-R circuit the power factor is 1 , inductance is 200 mH and resistance is 10 . Calculate i) the voltage of C and ii) Q factor . [i) Cos = R/Z = 1 i.e. R = Z i.e. XC = XL => C = 1/ 42v2L = 50 F

ii) Q = 1/R

L/C = 1/10

200 x 10-3 5 x 10-5

= 6.32

H.O.T.S (HIGHER ORDER THINKING QUESTIONS)

(1) An air cored solenoid is connected to an a.c. source and a bulb . If an iron core is inserted in the solenoid , how does the brightness of the bulb change ? Give reason for your answer . [ As L increases and hence impedence will increase ] (2) The total impedence of an L-R circuit decreases when a capacitor is added . Why ? [Z= R2+ (wL 1/c)2 when capacitor added without capacitor Z1 = R2 + w2L2 ] (3) A coil rotated in a uniform magnetic field produces a non uniform e.m.f. , why ? [ = B . A = B . A coswt = - d/dt = BAW . Sinwt , and with change in t changes ] (4) When is it possible that the flux through a ring is changing but there is no induced current through it ? [ When the ring is broken ] (5) An Aeroplane is a level flight is moving straight from equator to pole with a constant speed . How the e.m.f. induced across its wing change . [ Bv increases from equator to pole , = B . v. l , will go on increasing ] (6) In a given circuit inductor L and resistor R have identical resistance . Two similar electric bulbs B1 and B2 are connected as shown . When switch S is closed I) which of the lamps light up earlier ii) will the lamps be equally bright after a sufficiently long some time. [ L B1 i) B2 lights up earlier induced e.m.f. across L , delays the glow of B1 ii) Yes , B1 and B2 will glow equally B2 R (7) Calculate the r.m.s. value of the a.c. shown

2A

T/2 - 2A

3T/2

(8) If the frequency of an a.c. generator is doubled what change will you mark in its instantaneous voltage ? [ = n B Aw . Cos wt By doubling w , we have = 2 nBAw . cos(2wt)] (9) A radio frequency choke is air cored where as an audio frequency choke is iron cored give reason for it . [ XL = 2vL For R.F , v is high , so L has to be small and hence air cored . For A.F. v is low , so L has to be high and hence Fe cored. ] (10) The inductive reactance versus frequency graph for an inductor is as shown . Find the inductance (L) and then draw a graph between XL and v when inductance is doubled . [ XL = 2vL any suitable value 6 = 2 x 100 x L L = 6 / 200 = 9.459 x 10-3 H As Slope , tan = XL/v = 2 L So, By doubling L the slope is doubled ] XL 24 18 12 6

100

200 300 400 freq- (HZ)

****************************************************************************