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Vol 02, Issue 02; June 2011 Applications-IJCEA International Journal of Communication Engineering

http://technicaljournals.org

ISSN: 2230-8520; e-ISSN-2230-8539

Ultra wide band Sinuous Antenna for RADAR Communication Applications

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B.T.P.Madhav, 1VGKM Pisipati, G.Naveen Kumar, D.Atulya, K.Lekha 1 LCRC-R&D, Department of ECE, K L University, Guntur DT, AP, India 2Project Students, Department of ECE, K L University madhav.mtech@gmail.com, venkata_pisipati@hotmail.com

Abstract The demand of wideband antennas are increasing day by day in the applications of wireless communications due to the requirement of more bandwidth. The UWB applications include the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The sinuous antenna is having the higher spectral efficiency over other patch antennas. Using the commercial Ansoft HFSS software sinuous antenna model was designed and simulated. Return loss, input impedance, gain, radiation patterns in 2D and 3D, field distributions, axial ratio, polarization and directivity are simulated and presented in this paper. Keywords: Ultra Wideband, Sinuous, Axial ratio. 1. Introduction: A Microstrip patch antenna is a low profile antenna that is having number of advantages over other antennas. It is light weight, inexpensive and electronics like LNAs and SSPAs can be integrated with these antennas quite easily [1]. It can be integrated with circuit elements and can be designed for dual or multi frequency operations [2-3]. These advantages make microstrip patch antennas much more suitable for aircrafts, spacecrafts and missiles than conventional antennas as they do not interfere with the aerodynamics of these moving vehicles[4-5]. Sinuous antenna is the special type of spiral antenna in the microstrip antennas. It is having some specific characteristics like medium directivity, dual or circular polarization and wide bandwidth capability. Sinuous antennas are using in the radar warning receivers, general ESM applications and as feeds for large reflector antennas and radio telescopes. Consistent and reliable antenna patterns across the band can be obtained by sinuous antennas [6-7]. The VSWR<2:1over 90% band and these antennas are designed for airborne environment [8]. 2. Antenna Geometry: The operating frequency range is 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, Number of points along arm are 200, number of cells 8, alpha 450, growth rate is o.76cm, outer radius is 2.65cm, delta 22.50, number of arms are 4 and port extension height is 0.1 cm.

: Angular width of arc C: Number of cells/Resonators

ln r ln rmin = sin 2c ln rmax ln rmin

30 M sin N

Input impedance of each arm to ground is

Zm =

Active region: 2r ( + )

Figure (1) shows the sinuous antenna model designed in the HFSS.

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Vol 02, Issue 02; June 2011 Applications-IJCEA International Journal of Communication Engineering

http://technicaljournals.org

ISSN: 2230-8520; e-ISSN-2230-8539

Figure (1) Sinuous UWB antenna model 3. Results and Discussion

Return loss or VSWR is good when the curve has a deep and wide dip, which shows the antenna with good bandwidth. Consequently, the narrower the dip is, the bigger the risk that desired channels would be also reflected away. If the Return loss is -3dBthen the antenna absorbs 50% of the signal and 50% is reflect back. The proposed antenna is showing acceptable return loss over the entire UWB range in the figure (2). The return loss of -20.13, -14.61, -27.43, -31.03 and -25.71dB is obtained at 3.29, 3.58, 4.75, 6.73 and 9.15 GHz respectively.
A ns o ft C orpo rat io n
-1 0.0 0

R e turn L o s s
Na me X 3 .2 92 9 3 .5 85 9 4 .7 57 6 6 .7 34 8 9 .1 51 5 Y - 20.1 3 31 - 14.6 1 01 - 27.4 3 93 - 31.0 3 99 - 25.7 1 01

S inu o us _ A nt en n a _A D K v1
Cu r v e In f o d B (S t(2 ,2 )) S etup 1 : S w eep 1

m5 -1 5.0 0
m6

m6 m7 m8 m9

-2 0.0 0 dB(St(2,2))

m5

-2 5.0 0
m7

m9

-3 0.0 0
Na me d(m 5m 6 , ) Delta( X ) 0 .2 9 29 Delta (Y ) 5.5 2 30 - 3.60 0 6 4.00 S lo pe(Y ) 18 .8 54 4 -1 .8 21 0 In v S lo pe (Y )

m8

-3 5.0 0 d(m 7m 8 0 1 .9 7 73 , 3 ).0

Figure (2) return loss

-0.0 0 92 5 .5 4

0 .0 53 0

6 .0 0

A ns o ft Corporat ion

I np ut I m p e d anc e
1 20 130 140 150 1 6 0 0 .2 0 170 1 80 0.000 -0 .0 -1 7 0 -1 6 0 -0 .2 0 -1 5 0 -1 4 0 -0 .5 0 -1 3 0 -1 2 0 -1 10 -2 .0 0 -1 .00 -10 0 -9 0 -7 0 -6 0 0.20 0 .5 0 1 .0 0 2 .0 0 5 .0 0 110 10 0 90 80 70 1 .0 0
Cu rv e In f o

7 .00 Fre q [G H z]

8.00

9 .0 0

1 0 .00

1 1 .0 0

S inu ous _ A nt en na _A D K v1
r ms b a nd w id th (1 , 0 ) 3.00 00

60 2 .0 0 50 40 30 5 .00 2 0 10 0 -1 0 -5 .00 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0 -5 0

S t( 1,1 )) 0 .1 5 77 Se tup 1 : Sw e ep 1

0 .5 0

Figure (3) smith chart Figure (3) shows the input impedance smith chart for the proposed model. Maximum power will be transferred if the impedance of the antenna is matched to those of the load. Rms of 0.157 and bandwidth of 68% is attained from the simulated results.
-8 0

Figure (4) Gain RHCP

Figure (5) gain LHCP

Since all the antennas will radiate more in some directions than in others, therefore gain is the amount of power that can achieve in one direction at the expense of the power lost in others. Gain is always related to the main lobe and it is expressed in dBi or dBd. Figure (4) and (5) shows the gain of RHCP and LHCP in 3D view. Figure (6) and (7) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna gain phi in polar coordinates as well as in 3D.

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Vol 02, Issue 02; June 2011 Applications-IJCEA International Journal of Communication Engineering

http://technicaljournals.org

ISSN: 2230-8520; e-ISSN-2230-8539

R a d ia tio n P a tte rn 2
0 -30 - 1 0 .0 0 - 2 0 .0 0 -6 0 - 3 0 .0 0 - 4 0 .0 0 -90 90 60 30

A n s o ft C o rp o ra t io n

S in u o u s _ A n t e n n a _ A D K v1
Cu r v e In f o d B ( rE Ph i) S e tu p 1 : L a s tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '0 d e g ' d B ( rE Ph i) S e tu p 1 : L a s tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '5 d e g ' d B ( rE Ph i) S e tu p 1 : L a s tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '1 0 d e g ' d B ( rE Ph i) S e tu p 1 : L a s tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '1 5 d e g ' d B ( rE Ph i) S e tu p 1 : L a s tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '2 0 d e g '

-1 2 0

120

d B ( rE Ph i) S e tu p 1 : L a s tA d a p tiv e

Figure (6) gain phi () in polar coordinates

-1 5 0 1 50 -1 8 0

Figure (7) 3D-gain phi () The radiation pattern or antenna pattern is a graphical representation of radiation (far field) properties of an antenna. A spatial pattern of electric or magnetic field is called the field pattern. A cross section of this field pattern in any particular plane is called the radiation pattern in that plane. Figure (8) and (9) gives the radiation pattern of antenna gain theta in polar coordinates as well as in 3D.
A ns o ft C orpo rat io n

R ad iatio n P atte rn 3
0 -3 0 - 1 6 .0 0 - 3 2 .0 0 -6 0 - 4 8 .0 0 - 6 4 .0 0 -9 0 90 60 30

S inu o us _ A nten n a _A D K v1
Cu rv e In f o d B( rETh e ta ) Se tu p 1 : L as tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '0 d e g ' d B( rETh e ta ) Se tu p 1 : L as tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '5 d e g ' d B( rETh e ta ) Se tu p 1 : L as tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '1 0 d e g ' d B( rETh e ta ) Se tu p 1 : L as tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '1 5 d e g ' d B( rETh e ta ) Se tu p 1 : L as tA d a p tiv e Ph i= '2 0 d e g '

-1 2 0

120

d B( rETh e ta ) Se tu p 1 : L as tA d a p tiv e

Figure (8) gain theta () in polar coordinates

-1 5 0 1 50 -1 8 0

Figure (9) 3D-gain theta () The axial ratio describes the electromagnetic radiation with elliptical or circular polarization. The axial ratio is the ratio of the magnitudes of the major and minor axis defined by the electric field vector. Figure (10) shows the axial ratio of the proposed antenna in 3D.

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Vol 02, Issue 02; June 2011 Applications-IJCEA International Journal of Communication Engineering

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ISSN: 2230-8520; e-ISSN-2230-8539

Figure (10) Axial ratio The polarization of an antenna is the orientation of the electric field (E-plane) of the radio wave with respect to the earth surface and is determined by the physical structure of the antenna and by its orientation. Polarization is the sum of the E-plane orientation over time projected on to an imaginary plane perpendicular to the direction of motion of the radio wave. In the most general case polarization is the elliptical, meaning that the polarization of the radio waves varies over the time. There are two polarizations are there in which linear polarization means that ellipse collapses into a line and circular polarization, in which the two axes of the ellipse are equal. Figure (11) and (12) shows the polarization of the proposed antenna in LHCP and RHCP.

Figure (11) Polarization LHCP

Figure (12) Polarization RHCP The directivity measures the power density the antenna radiates in the direction of its strongest emission, verses the power density radiated by an ideal isotropic radiator radiating the same total power. Figure (13) shows the directivity of the proposed antenna in 3D.

Figure (13) Directivity 4. Conclusion: The objective was achieved by designing an Ultra wide band sinuous antenna for radar communication applications. The proposed antenna was simulated and it is giving good results for entire wide band with gain of 4dB and

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Vol 02, Issue 02; June 2011 Applications-IJCEA International Journal of Communication Engineering

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ISSN: 2230-8520; e-ISSN-2230-8539

bandwidth of 68%. Peak directivity of 4.18, peak gain of 4.26, radiation efficiency of 1.01 and peak realized gain of 2.34 is attained from the current model. This model can be used in the radar communication devices of warning receivers and in other suitable UWB applications. 5. Acknowledgments: The authors like to express their thanks to the management of K L University and the department of ECE for their encouragement and support during this work. Further, VGKM Pisipati acknowledges the financial support of Department of Science and Technology through the grant No.SR/S2/CMP0071/2008. 6. References: [1] G. Kumar and K. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, 2003. [2] M.J. Ammann and Z.N. Chen, Wideband Monopole Antennas for Multi-band Wireless Systems, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 45 (2003), 146150. [3] S. W. Su, K. L. Wong, and C. L. Tang, Ultra-Wideband Square Planar Monopole Antenna for IEEE 802.16a Operation in the 2-11 GHz Band, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 42, no.6, pp. 463466, Sep. 2004. [4] Nasimuddin and Zhi Ning Chen, Wideband Directional Microstrip Antennas fed by CPWLoop Combination, ICUWB 2007. IEEE International Conference, pp. 700-702, 24-26 Sep. 2007. [5] X. Ding and A. F. Jacob, CPW-fed slot antenna with wide radiating apertures, IEE Proc.Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 145, pp. 104-108, 2003. [6] W.-H. Tu and K. Chang, Wide-band Microstrip-to-Coplanar Stripline/Slotline Transitions, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 10841089, March. 2006. [7] Y-G. Kim, D-S Woo, K. W. Kim, Y-K. Cho, A New Ultra-Wideband Microstrip-to-CPS Transition, Microwave Symposium IEEE/MTT-S International, pp. 1563-1566, 3-8 June 2007. [8] A. A. Alshehri and A. R. Sebak, A New UWB Microstrip-Fed Planar Elliptical Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications, ACES Conference, Niagara Falls, ON, 2008. Authors Biography: B.T.P.Madhav was born in India, A.P, in 1981. He received the B.Sc, M.Sc, MBA, M.Tech degrees from Nagarjuna University, A.P, India in 2001, 2003, 2007, and 2009 respectively. From 2003-2007 he worked as lecturer and from 2007 to till date he is working as Asst.professor in Electronics Engineering. He has published more than 33 papers in International and National journals. His research interests include antennas, liquid crystals applications and wireless communications. Prof. VGKM Pisipati was born in India, A.P, in 1944. He received his B.Sc, M.Sc and Ph.D degrees from Andhra University. Since 1975 he has been with physics department at Acharya Nagarjuna University as Professor, Head, R&D Director. He guided 22 PhDs and more than 20 M.Phils. His area of research includes liquid crystals, nanotechnology and liquid crystals applications. He visited so many countries and he is having more than 260 International research publications. He served different positions as academician and successfully completed different projects sponsored by different government and non-government bodies. He is having 5 patents to his credit.

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