CHAPTER 13

MATRICES
13.1

Identity Matrix
a)

If AI = IA = A, where A is any square matrix, then I is an identity or

unit matrix.
1
I =
0

b)

0
is a 2 x 2 identity matrix.
1

Exercise 13.1

1.

4
3

( A ) =

1
5

2.

4 1

5
0

13.2

Inverse Matrix

4
, A =
1

0
=
1

b
d
1

, then inverse of A , A 1 =

d
ad bc
c

a
If A =
c

b)

When ad bc 0, the expression ad bc is the determinant of matrix A.

c)

A 1 does not exist if the determinant is zero.

Example :
2

1)
=

=
=

Matrices

a)

1
2(3) 4(1)

1 3 4

2
6 4
1

1 3 4

2
2
1

2)

6
Given that matrix F=
3

5
p
1

and
F
=

2
1

3 , find p and q.
q

Solution:

1
so p = 2

3)
=

5
5
2
1

3 = 12 15 3 6 . By comparing,

q
2
, q = -2
3
1

1
2(3) 4( 1)

1 3 4

2
6 +4
1

1 3 4

=
2
10
1

4)
=

=
=

1
2( 3) 4(1)

3 4
1

2
6 4
1

1 3 4

2
10
1

Exercise 13.2 : Find the inverse matrix :

Matrices

2
3

1)

2
3)
4

5)

2
3

2
7)
6

6
5

9)

13.3

Important concept.

Matrices

5
2

3
4)
2

6)

3
4

2
8)
4

2
1

10)

Matrix Equations

2)

the two linear simultaneous

ax + by = p
cx + dy = q
can be changed into matrix form:
a b x p

c d

y q

13.3.1 Write the simultaneous Linear Equations as a Matrix Equations

Example 1 :

Example 2 :

2x + y = 2
7x + 3y = 6
2 1 x
2

7 3

y
=
6

2x y = 2
7x + 3y = 6
2 1 x
2

=
7

3 y

Example 3 :
2x + y = 2
-7x + 3y = 6
1 x
2

7 3

Example 4 :
2x + y = 2
7x 3y = 6
1 x
2

7 3

Exercise 13.3.1 : Write the simultaneous Linear Equations as a Matrix Equations

1)

5x + 2y = 7
2x + 4y = 3

2)

2x y = 4
6x + 2y = 5

3)

4x + 3y = -5
-3x + 5y = 6

4)

x + 5y = 4
3x 6y = 3

5)

-5x + y = 4
2x + 4y = 6

6)

-3x 2y = 4
4x + y = 3

7)

x + 2y = 5
-4x 2y = 7

8)

-2x + 4y = 8
3x 4y = 4

Matrices

9)

5x 2y = 3
-2x + y = 5

10)

-x 5y = 3
4x + y = -8

13.3.2 Solve the matrix equations

Example :

1 x 3

2
y 2

x 4

y
=

1
x

y
= 4( 2) 1(6)

x
1

y
=
8

1 3

4
2

2(3) + (1)( 2)

(6)( 3) + 4(2)

x 1 6 2

y
=

2 18 + 8

x
2

y = 10

x 2

y
=

, hence x = 2 and y = -5

Exercise : 13.3.2 :Solve the matrix equations

1)
1

Matrices

2 x 5

4
y 5

2)

1 x 13

3
y 4

3)

3 x 11

5
y 3

4)

3 x 2

2
y 3

5)

1 x 10

1
y 22

Questions based on Examination Format

Example :

i)
ii)

Matrices

1 2
Find the inverse matrix of
5 8

Using matrices, calculate the value of k dan m which satisfy the

following matrix equation :

1 2 k 1

5 8

m 11
Solution :
1
1
1 2

i)
=
5 8
1( 8) ( 2)( 5)

1
8 +10

1 8

2
5
2 k 1

8
m 11

k 1

m
=

k 1 8

m
=

2 5

ii)

11

2 1

1
11

k 1 ( 8)(1) + 2(11 )

m
=

2 ( 5)(1) +1(11 )
k 1 8 + 22

m
=

2 5 +11
k 7

m
=

1
2

14

14

= 2
6
2

hence k = 7 and m = 3

5 4
1 0
1) a) Given that E is the matrix
4 3
, find the matrix F such that EF =
0 1

b) Using matrices, calculate the values of m and n which satisfy the following matrix
equation.
5 4 m 6

4 3

n 2

2)

3
When solving the matrix equation
2

Matrices

0 x 12

=

, it is found that
3
y 11

 x 1 p q 12

y
=

k r s 11
a) Find the values of k, p, q, r and s.
b) Hence, find the values of x and y

3)

a)
b)

4)

a)
b)

5)

3 4

Find the inverse matrix of G =

1
2

Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following
equations.
3x 4y = 7
x + 2y = 4

4
Given that the inverse matrix of
3

5
is
2

k

7 , state the value of h and k.

4

Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following
equations.
4x + 5y = -1
3x + 2y = 8

1
m 1
1 n

,
a) Given that F is the matrix
10 n
and the inverse matrix of F is
10
5
10

find the value of m and n.

b) Hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation.
x 4
F
y
=

Matrices

6)

a)
b)

7)

a)
b)

8)

1
1
1 1 m

Given that M is the matrix

3 1
and the inverse matrix of M is
,
k

n 1
Find the values of k, m and n
hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation.
x 3

M
y
=

8
4

,
k
10

4 0
Find the value of k where EF =
0 4

State the inverse matrix of E

Hence, using matrices, find the value of x and y which satisfy the following matrix
equations.
5 4 x 6

3 2

y 4

5
Given that E =
3

a)
b)
c)

9)

1 1

Find the inverse matrix of

6
8

Hence, calculate the values of h and k which satisfy the following matrix equation.
1 1 h 2

6

=

k 15

a)
b)

Matrices

4
and F =
2

1
2
4 1
, find the value of m and p.
The inverse matrix of
3 4
is m
p
2

Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y which satisfy the following simultaneous
linear equations.
2x + y = 4
3x 4y = 17

10)

3 4
a) It is given that matrix M =
1 2
, find the inverse matrix of M

b) Using matrices, find the values of x and y which satisfy the following equations.
3x + 4y = -11
x + 2y = -7

Past Year SPM Questions

November 2003
1.

3 2 1 0

M is a matrix where M
5 4
=

0 1
a) Find the matrix M
b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation.
3x 2y = 7
5x 4y = 9
Hence, calculate the values of x and y using matrices.

( 6 marks )

Matrices

10

Jun 2004
2.

2 3
a) Find the inverse matrix of
5 6
.

b) Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y thay satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations:
2 x +3 y =1
5 x + 6 y = 2

( 6 marks )
November 2004
3.

a)
b)

3
The inverse matrix of
5

4
6

is m

5
6

p
, find the value of m and of p.
3

Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations.
3x 4y = -1
5x 6y = 2
( 6 marks )

Jun 2005
4.

1 2
1 0

P =
P is a 2 x 2 matrix such that
3

0 1

a) Find the matrix P

b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation:
x 2 y =8

3 x + 4 y =6

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )

November 2005
5.

2 5
3

It is given that matrix P =

and matrix Q = k
1

1
3

1 0
PQ =
0 1

a) Find the value of k and of h

b)

Matrices

h
such that
2

Using matrices, find the value of x and of y that satisfy the following simultaneous
linear equations :
2x 5y = -17
x + 3y = 8
( 6 marks )

11

Jun 2006
6.
(a)

(b)

3 4
.
It is given that matrix M =
1
2

Find the inverse matrix of M

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
3x 4 y =13
x + 2y = 6

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )
November 2006
7.

(a)

1
It is given that 1

n is inverse matrix of

(b)

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

4
. Find the value of n.
2

3u 4v =5
u +2v =2

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of u and of v

( 6 marks )

Jun 2007
8.

1 2
.
a) Find the inverse matrix of
3
4

b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

x 2 y =4

3 x + 4 y =2

Hence, using matrix method, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )
November 2007
9.

(a)
(b)

Matrices

1 4 2 n 2 1 0

. Find the values of m and n.

m
5 3 5 4 0 1
Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y that satisfy the following matrix

Given

12

equation.
4

2 x 1

3
y 2

( 7 marks )
Jun 2008
10.

1
p

2 1

1
3

2 1
=

4
0

0
. Find the value of p and q.
1

(a)

Given that

(b)

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

x +2 y = 2
3 x + 4 y = 11

( 7 marks )
November 2008

2 3
1 7
is k
m

4 7

11.

The inverse matrix of

(c)

Find the value of m and of k.

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

(d)

2 x + 3 y = 1
4 x +7 y = 5

Hence, using matrix method, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )

ANSWERS
Chapter 13 Matrices
Exercise 13.2
1 0
1.
0 1

Exercise 13.2
1
1 6

1.
3 2

1 8 4

4.
3
32
2

7.

1
24

Matrices

2
2.
6

3
6

2 5

1 4 5

5.

7
3 2

2.

8.

1
36

1 3 5

14 4 2

13

3.

9.

1
26

6.

1
26

1 2

8
5

10.

1 4

11
1

Exercise 13.3.1
5 2 x 7
2 1 x 4
4 3 x 5
=

=
1.
2.
3.

2 4 y 3
6 2 y 5
3 5 y 6
1 5 x 4
5 1 x 4
3 2 x 4
= 5.
= 6.
=
4.
1 y 3
3 6 y 3
2 4 y 6
4
2 x 5
1
2 4 x 8
5 2 x 3
=
=
=
7.
8.
9.
4 2 y 7
3 4 y 4
2 1 y 5
1 5 x 3
=

10.
1 y 8
4
Exercise 13.3.2
1. x = 1, y = 1
5. x = 1, y = -10

2. x = 5, y = -2

3. x = 2, y = -1

4. x = -1, y = 1

QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO EXAMINATION FORMAT.

1)

3
a)
4

6)

b) m = -26, n = 24
2)

a) k = -9, p = -3, q = 0, r = -2, s = 3

b) x = 4, y = -1

3)

a)

1
10

b)

x = 3, y =

4)

a)
b)

5)

b)
7)

x = 1, y = -1

10)

1 2
3
a) 1

2 2
b)

PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS

Matrices

k=6

1 2 4

5
2
3

c) x = 2, y = -1
1
9) a) m =
, p = -3
11
b) x = 3, y = -2

2
3
,k=
7
7
x = 6, y = -5

b)

a)
b)

h=

m = 5, n = 4

a) k = 4, m = -1, n = 3
b) x = 2, y = 1
8)

1
2

a)

1
1 8

6 1

1
3
h=
,k=
2
2

a)

14

x = 3 , y = -5

1 4 2

2
5 3
3
1 6

5
2
3

6
4

5
3
2

2
1 4

10 3 1

1
k=
, h=5
11
4
1 2

10 1 3

1.

a)

2.

a)

3.

a)

4.

a)

5.

a)

6.

a)

7.

a) n =

8.

a)

9.

a) m = 2, n = 3

10.

a) p = 10, q = 3

11.

a) k = 2, m = - 4

Matrices

3
2

1 4 2

10 3 1

b)

2 x 7

=

, x = 5 , y = 4
4
y 9

b) x = -4, y = 3
11
2
2 x 8

, x = 2, y = -3
4
y 6

b) x = 5, y =
1
b)
3

b) x = -1, y = 3
3 4 u 5
3
b)
1 2

v
=
2
, x = 3, y =
2

3 4 u 5
1
b)
1 2

v
=
2
, u = -1, v =
2

b) x = 2, y = -1

1
3
, y=
2
2
1
b) x = 3, y =
2

b) x =

b) x = -11, y = 7

15