GATE: 2000

ME - Mechanical Engineering

Answer all the following twenty five sub-questions in the ANSWER BOOK at the space prodived for QUESTION - 1.Select the correct or the most appropriate choice (A, B,C or D) for each question and enter it against the corresponding question number. 1.1 If z =! (x, y) dz is equal to (a) (d! 1 dx)dx + (d! 1 dy)dy (c) (d! 1 dy)dx - (d! 1 dx)dy (b) (d! 1 dy)dx + (d! 1 dx)dy (d) (d! 1 dy)dx - (d! 1 dx)dy

1.2

Lt

x~l

(X

x-I

-1)

is (b) 0 (d) 1

(a) 00 (c) 2

d2y dy 1.3 The solution of the differential equation -, + - + Y = 0 dx~ dx

(a) Aex + Be-x (b) eX (Ax + B) (c) e-x {Acos (J3 12) x + B cos (J3 /2)
(d) e-x/2

xl

{Acos (.J3

12) x

+ B cos (J3 /2) x}

1.4 The three characteristic roots of the following matrix A, 123 A= 0 2 3

002 (a) I, 2, 3 (c) 1,0,0 (b) I, 2, 2 (d) 0,2,3

are

1.5 Availability of a system at any given state is (a) a property of the system (b) the maximum work obtainable as the system goes to dead state (c) the total energy of the system (d) the maximum useful work obtainable as the system goes to dead state 1.6 A steam turbine receives steam steadily at 10 bar with an enthalpy of 3000 kJIkg and discharges at 1 bar with an enthaply of 2700 kJ/kg. The work output is 250 kJ/kg. The changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible. The heat transfer from the turbine casing to the surroundings is equal to (a) 0 kJ (b) 50 kJ (c) 150 kJ (d) 250 kJ

1.'7 Tn a VdrOUr compression

(lIj

refrigeration

system, liquid to suction heat exchanger

is used to

Kf:CP the COP constant

(bl prevent the liquid refrigerant

(e)

from entering the compressor ~,ubc()(l! the liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser (d) subcool the vilpuur refrigerant from the evaporator

1.8 A steel steam pipe 10 em inner diameter and 11 cm outer diameter is covered with an insulation h(\ \'ing a the rma I cond ucti \'i tyof 1 W,I mK. If the con vecti ve heat transfer coefficient between the surface of insuliltion and the smfOunding air is 8 W / m2K, then critical radius of in<.,uliltion is
(d) (c)

10 ern 1~'::; eln is a pressure

(/1) 11 em (d) 15 em compounded turbine? (b) Curtis (d) all the three to drive the pump will (b) increase 4 times (d) remain the same (11) carbon dioxide (d) carbon monoxide the conservation of (b) mass (d) momentum in x and y directions are
(Jx

1.9 VVhich of the following (a) Par J0ns tc) Rateau (II) increase 8 times (c) double 1.11 Clobal warming
(a)
(e)
OZOlW

1.10 \Vllen the spct.:d of a centriiug.rl

pump is J.oubll',l, then power required

is caused by

nitrogen

1.12 N"vicr Stuke' -;1''1'1. ,+;,)11 represents (0) energy (l') Fn.'ssul' 1.13 In
iI

bi-'P.ld I stress

problem,

the stresses principal

200 MPa and

o,,~' 100 MPa. The maximum (a) 50 (el '150

stress in MPa, is (b) 100 (d) 200

1.14 The ratio of ten~ion on the tight side to that on the slack side in a flat belt drive is (a) proportional to the product of coefficient of friction and lap angle (b) an exponential function of the product of coefficient of friction and lap angle.

(d proportional
(d) propudJ<..J!l,d

to the lap angle to the coeffici(nt of friction

1.15 The natural frequency of an undamped vibrating system is 100 rad/s A damper with a damping factor of 0.8 is introduced into the system, The frequency of vibration of the damped system, m rad I s, is (al 60 (.-) St1 (b) 75 (d) 100

1.16 A steel shaft' A' of didmeter 'd' and length'!' lS subjected to a torque T Another shaft '8' made 01 aluminium of the same diameter 'd' and length 0.51 is also subjected to the same torque T. The shear modulus of steel is 2.5 times the shear modulus of aluminium. The shear stress in the steel shaft is 100 MPa. The shear stress in the aluminium
(a)

shaft, in MPa, is

(e)

40 100

(b) 50 (d) 250

1.17 A 1.5 kW motor i~ running at 1440 rev imino It is to be connected to a stirrer running 36 rev /min. The gearing arrangement suitable for this application is (a) differential gear (b) helical gear (c) spur gear (d) worm ~ear

at

1.18 A ~;teel wheel of 600 mm diameter rolls on a horibmtal steel rail. It carries a load of 500 N. The coefficient of rolling resistance is 0.3 mm The torce in N, necessary to ioll the wheel along the rail is (a) 0.5 (b) 5 (c) 15 (d) J r,O
(a) (e)

Abrasive material used in grinding silicon carbide alumimum oxide

wheel selC'cted for grinding (b) diamond (d) boron carbide by (b) normalising (d) induction heating (b) rubber (d) polystyrene

ferrous alloys is

Cast steel crankshaft (a) nitriding (c) tarburising Disposable (a) wood (c) metal patterns

surface is hardened

are made of

Deep hole drilling material as (a) copper wire (c) brass wire

of small diameter,

say d.2 mm is done with EOM by selecting (b) tungsten (d) tungsten wire carbide

the tool

In com puter aided drafting practice, an arc is defined by (a) two end points only (b) centre and radius (c) radius and one end point (d) two end points and centre In a time study exerCIse, the time observed for an activity was 54 seconds. The operator had a performance rating of 120. A personal time allowance of 10% is given. The standard time for the activity, in seconds, is (b) 60.8 (a) 54 (d) 58.32 (d 72 CeH\llar maI\u{acturi..ny, i..." ."uitabl~ {m (a) a single product i!11arge volumes (b) one-off production of several varieties (c) products with'simiiar features made in batches (d) huge variety of products in large volumes 2. Answer all the follovving twenty five sub-questiuHS in the ANSWER BOOK at the space provided tor QUESTlON-2. Each question may have ONE or MORE correct answers. Select the correct or the 11105t ppropriate choice/ choices (from among A, B, C or 0) for each question a and enler it/them against the corresponding question number. 25 x 2", 50 The Laplace tram.form (a) [1 25 - 2(52 + 16) ot the function sm2 2l is

s]

(6)
S2

s
+ 16
5
52

(c)

1
s
(52

s
+ 4)

(d)

+4

2.2 The maximum value of the directional derivative of the function <I> = 21'2 + 3y2 + 5z2 at a point (I, I, -1) is (a) 10 (b) -4 (c) J152 (d) 152

2.3

rr/21rr/2

()

sin (x + y) dx dy is (b) n (d) 2 plant, the probability of making a defective bolt is 0.1. The mean and of defective bolts in a total of 900 bolts are respectively (b) 9 and 90 (d) 9 and 81 if the pressure of gas in bulb A is 50 cm Hg

(a) 0 (c) nl2 2.4 In a manufacturing standard deviation (a) 90 and';}

(c)

81 and 9

2.5 In given figure,

vacuum and Pam equal to (a) 26 cm (c) 76 cm 2.6 For a compressible

(a) (b)

= 76 cm Hg, then height of column H is

(b) 50 cm (d) 126 cm fluid, sonic velocity is the ratio of specific heats, gas pressure, density and

a property

of the n!'id

always given b, i )U)1/2 where y, Rand T are respectively constant and temperature in K always given by (ap/ap)sl/2. entropy.

(c)

Where p, p and s are respectively

(d) always greater than the velocity of fluid at any location. 0;2.7 When an ideal gas with constant specific heats is throttled adiabatically, changes in kinetic and potential energies (a) Ml=O,L'.T=O (b) Ml>O,L'.T=O (c) i1h > 0, L'.S > 0 (d) L'.h = 0, L'.S > 0 where h, T and S represent entropy. respectively, enthalpy, temperature with negligible

and entropy, temperature

and

2.8 When atmospheric air is heated at constant pressure, (a) humidity ratio does not change (b) relative humidity increases (c) dew point temperature does not change (d) wet bulb temperature increases

its

2.9 Consider air standard Otto and Diesel cycles, both having the same state of air at the start of compression. If the maximum pressure in both the cycles is the same, then compression ratio 'r' and the efficiency '11' are related by
(a) r DIesel> r Otto

(b) r

Diesel> r Otto

(C)

11 Otto> 11 Diesel

(d) 11 Otto> 11 Diesel

2.10 Air enters a counterflow heat exchanger at 70 C and leaves at 40 C. Water enters at 30 C and leaves at 50 C. The LMTD in degree Cis (a) 5.65 (b) 4.43 (c) 19.52 (d) 20.17 A fuel represented by the formula CSH16 is used in an I.E. Engine. Given that the molecular weight of air is 29 and that 4.76 kmols of air contain 1 kmol of oxygen and 3.76 kmols of nitrogen, the Air /Fuel ratio by mass is (a) 11.47 (b) 12.78 (c) 14.79 (d) 19.52 For the following "Matching" exercise, choose the correct one from among the alternatives A, B,Cand D Group 1 Group 2 (A) Two stroke engine 1. Marine Diesel Engine (B) Four stroke engine 2. Air conditioning (C) Rotary engine 3. Steam Power Plant (D) Cooling and dehumidification 4. Gas Turbine Power Plant (E) Cooling tower (F) Brayton cycle (G) Rankine cycle (H) D - slide valve
(a) (b) (c)

(d)
I-A

I-B 2-E 3-F 4-H

l-C 2-F 3-E 4-G

l-C 2-F 3-G 4-E

2.13 An automobile of weight W is shown in Figure. A pull 'P' is applied as shown. The reaction at the front wheels (location A) is

c-~
2-D

3-G

4-F

;~ :~~::~~~:
(c) W /2 - pa/2b (d) W /2

l
~~~~

~!.

n"1=

=1=

:'~ .

2.14 A simply supported beam carries a load 'P' through a bracket, as shown in Figure. The maximum bending moment in the beam is (a) PI/2 (b) PI/2 + aP /2 (c) PI/2 + aP (d) PI/2 - aP

;_J/2_~__=t

2.15 In an experiment to find the velocity and acceleration of a particular cam rotating at 10 radl s, the values of displacements and velocities are recorded. The slope of displacement curve at an angle of 'e' is 1.5 ml s and the slope of velocity curve at the same angle is -0.5 ml S2. The velocity and acceleration of the cam at the instant are respectively (a) 15 m/s and - 5m/s2 (b) 15 m/s and 5 m/s2 2 (c) 1.2 m/s and - 0.5 m/s (d) 1.2 m/s and 0.5 m/s2

2.16 As shown in Figure, a mass of 100 kg is held between two springs. natural frequency of vibration of the system, in cyclesls, is (7)

The

2IT
10
1'[

(b)

5
'It

20

kN/

"'r:f

(e)

(d)

20 IT

$
~O"H~~

~
if the load is

2.17 The life of a ball bearing at a load of 10 kN is 1"000 hours. Its life in hours, increased tn 20 kN, keeping all other conditions the same, is (a) 4000 (b) 2000 (e) 1000 (d) SoO

2.18 A fit is specified as 25 H8 I e8. The tolerance value for a nominal diameter of 25 mm in ITS is 33 microns and fundamental deviation for the shaft is -40 microns. The maximum clearance of the fit in microns is (a) -7 ~b) 7 (e) 73 (d) 106 A 1.5 mm thick sheet is subject to unequal directions of stretching are 0.05 and 0.09. The (a) 1.414 (e) 1 362 biaxial stretching and the true strains fh'1al thickness of the sheet in mm is (b) 1.304 (d) 289 in the

From an equilateral triangular plate of side 'a. (\ square plate of maximum The side of such a square plate is

size has to be cut.

(a)

J3

al2

(b) (2+ .,ff)a/4

(d)

(e) (1+J3)a/8

J3 a / (2 + J3 )
ISO

The stress-strain behaviour of a material is shown in 'Figure. Its resilience and toughness, in Nm/m3, are respectively (a) 28 x 104, 76 x 104 (h) 28 x 104, 48 x 104 (e) 14 x 104, 90 X 104 (d) 76 x 104, 104 x 104

0.004

0.00.

QDI2

A slot is to be milled centrally on a block with a dimension of 40 0.05 mm. A milling cutter of 20 mm width is located with reference t\'. the side of the block within 0.02 mm. The maximum offset in mm between the ("'~,~;'-2 lines of the slot and the block is (a) 0.070 (b) 0.070 (e) 0.020 (d) 0.045 In finish machining of an island on a casting with CNC milling machine, an end mill with 10 mm diameter is employed. The corner points of the island are represented by (0,0), (0,30), (50,30), and (50, 0). By applying cutter radius right compensation, the trajectory of the cutter will be (a) (h) (e) (d) (-5,0), (-5,35), (55,35), (55, -5), (-5, -5) (0, -5), (55, -5), (55,35), (-5,35), (-5, -5) (5,5), (5, 25), (45,25), (45,5), (5, 5) (5,5), (45,5), (45,25), (5, 25), (5,5)

"fai" I "'"'ilftlftl

2.24 In a single serve infinite population queuing model, arrivals follow a Poisson distribution with mean A = 4 per hour. The service times are exponential with mean service time equal to 12

minutes. The expected length of the queue will be

(a) 4 (c) 1.25 (b) 3.2 (d) 5

2.25 In a time series forecasting model, the demand for five time periods was 10, 13, 15, 18 and 22.

A linear regression fit resulted in an equation F = 6.9 + 2.9 t where F is the forecast for period t. The sum of absolute deviations for the five data is
(a) 2.2 (c) -1.2 (b) 0.2
(d) 24.3

Answer any FIFTEEN questions only. Each question carries 5 marks. 3. Estimate the root of the equation (e-x.- x) = 0 to four decimal accuracy by employing the Newton - Raphson method starting with an initial guess of Xo = O. 4. A certain mass of a pure substance undergoes an irreversible process form state 1 to state 2, the path of the process being a straight line on the T-s diagram. Calculate T 1 = 330 K, T2 = 440 K; U1 = 170 kJ, U2 = 190 kJ; HI = 220 kJ, H2 = 247 kJ and SI = 0.23 kJ/K and S2 = 0.3 kJ/K where T, U, Hand S represent temperature, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy respectively. 5. A thin metal plate is exposed to solar radiation. The air and the surroundings are at 30 C. The heat transfer coefficient by free convection from the upper surface of the plate is 17.4 W Im2K. The plate has an absorptivity of 0.9 at solar wavelength and an emissivity of 0.1 at the long wavelength. Neglecting any heat loss from the lower surface, determine the incident solar radiation intensity in kW 1m2, if the measured equilibrium temperature of the plate is 50 C. Stefan Boltzmann constant is 5.67 x 10-8 W Im2K4. 6. In an ideal air-standard Gas turbine cycle, the minimum and maximum temperatures are respectively 310 K and 1100 K. Draw the cycle on a T-S diagram and calculate the optimal pressure ratio of the cycle for maximum work output. Assume for air (y -1)/'y is the ratio of specific heats. 7. A Diesel engine develops a Brake power of 4.5 kW. Its indicated thermal efficiency is 30% and the mechanical efficiency is 85% . Take the calorific value of the fuel as 40000 kJ Ikg and calculate (a) the fuel consumption in kg/h and (b) the indicated specific fuel consumption. 8. A simple impulse hlrbine expands steam frictionlessly from 12 bar, 250 C with an enthalpy of 2935 kJ I kg to an enthalpy of 2584 kJIkg at 0.1 bar. Assuming that the nozzle makes an angle of 20 with the blade motion, and that the blades are symmetrical, find the blade velocity that produces maximum efficiency for a turbine speed of 3600 rev Imin. Assume that the steam enters the nozzle with negligible velocity. 9. In a 5 kW cooling capacity refrigeration system operating on a simple vapour compression cycle, the refrigerant enteers the evaporator with an enthalpy of 75 kJ Ikg and leaves with'an enthalpy of 183 kJ Ikg. The enthalpy of the refrigerant after compression is 210 kJ/kg. Show the cycle on T-S or P-h diagram. Calculate the following: (a) COP (b) power input to compressor and (c) rate of heat transfer at the condenser. 10. A single acting single cylinder reciprocating air compressor running at 7.5 rev I s, takes in air at 100 KPa, 27 C. The compressor delivers air at 600 KPa at a flow rate of 0.12 m3 I s measured at suction conditions. Given that the percentage clearance is 4 and that the index of compression and expansion is 1.2, calculate (a) the ideal volumetric efficiency and (b) the cylinder bore and stroke, assuming the bore I stroke ratio is 0.8

~2.

The forecasts for a product for the next three months are given as 750, 850 and 1000 units. The number of regular time days and overtime days available are 22, 18, 22 and 4, 4, 5 respectively. With the existing number of employees, the company can produce 38 units per day. To meet the high demand in the third month, the company decides to hire people to increase the daily production to 45 units. The following costs are given. Cost of regular time production = Rs. 20 per unit Cost of overtime production = Rs. 25 per unit Cost of hiring = 200 L2 where 'L' is the increase in daily capacity Inventory cost = Rs. 10 per unit per month (based on average inventory) Shortage (backordering cost) = Rs. 20 per unit per month The beginning inventory is 100 units. The company decides to produce 900 units respectively in the three months. Compute the c;ost of the production 800, 700 and plan.

I
1.
1.1 (a) 1.9 (c) 1.18 (d) 1.2 (c) 1.10 (b) 1.19 (c) l.3(d) 1.11 (b)

ANSWERS
1.5 (d) 1.13 (d) 1.22 (c) 2.5 (a)

I
1.6 (b) 1.14 (b) 1.23 (d) 2.6 (a, b) 1.7 (c) 1.15 (a) 1.7 (c) 1.16(c) 1.8 (c) 1.17(d)

1.4 (b) 1.12 (d) 1.21 (d) 2.4 (a) 2.13 (b)

1.20 (c)
2.3 (d) 2.12 (d)

1.24 (c)
2.7 (d) 2.16 (c) 2.25 (a)

2.
2.1 (a) 2.10 (b)

\.lS(C)
2.8 (a, c) 2.9 (a, d) 2.18 (d)

2.2 (c)
2.11 (c) 2.20 (d)

2.14 (c)
2.23 (a,Jj)

2.15 (*)
2.24 (b)

2.17 (c)

2.19~

2.21 (c)

2.22 (c)

[ EXPLANATIONS
[ SECTION-A
X2

I
1)

. x->lx-l

LIm--

L'

1m

(x-1)(x+ (x-I)

x->l

= Urn (x
x->l

+ 1)

d2y

dx2

dy + dx fn2 + m

+Y

=0 +1=0
1
=--+Z-l

m=
Since y

-~ 2xl
X{

-.J3i
2

.J3.
2

2 -

ea A cas f3x + B. cas f3x}

x + B cas ( ~) x}

..

y = e-x(2{ A cas ( ~)

1 A= 0

f.

2 _

2-A

=0

o
(1- A) (2 - A)2 = 0

2-A

1,2,2

tJ. h

tJ.Q - tJ. W

tJ.Q = (- 300 + 250) kT /kg

= -SOkT/kg h k

= 8W/m2k,

1W/mk -

10
2

=5cmand

11 = - =5.5cm

..

Critical radius,

Yc=

"8 = 12.5 em

ax = 200 MPa a If = 100 MPa a

1,2

0x+O"v

1 ~ (0" - 0" )2 +4,2

y-

(200~ 100) ~(200-100)2 150 50 200 MPa, 100 MPa = 200 MPa

O"max

Ii =
T2
1.15

el10

S < 1, hence it is underdamped

:. Frequency of the system,

vibration case. wd =

R.

(On

= .Jl- 0.64 X 100 = 60

---j d/2

600 r = -,,- =300mm .

..

W = SOON.

F=llxW = 0.3 X 500 = 150. N. er ormance ratmg = 54 x 100 100 100 Standard time = Normal time x 100 11 a owance
:=
0/ /0

Normal time

Observed time x

P f

120

120 100 54 x 100 x (100 _ 10) = 72 see.

1- cos 4t sin22t = --2

L

r';'4t} ~ H~ ":
<1> V

16

2" - (,' : 16)}

= 2x2 + 3y2 + 5z2 at point (1, 1, -1) <1> = i. 4x + j . 6y + k . lOz

1, z = -3 = ~( 4)2 + (6)2 + (_10)2 = J16 + 36 + 100 = .J152

Given,

x = 1,

IV<1>1

f: f:
i2

i2

sin (x + y) dx. dy

f: = f:
=

i2 [-

cos (x + y)] dy COs( ~ +

i2

[-

y) + y}y
COS

[Sin

Y - Sin(

% + y)
=2

I/

(1- 0) - (0 -1)

Mean, J.l = np = 900 x 0.1 = 90 Standard deviation, a = npZ = 900 x 0.1 x 0.1 = 9 P A = 50 em Hg vacuum Patm= 76 em Hg

patin

-l-

H= 76-50 = 26 em Hg

(~;to l~ (~;L., l~
= (~: = (~: Since
..

(~~

)Diesel

>

(~21)

otto

YDiesel > Yalta,

110tto

1 = 1- (r)y-I

1 ,and
11Diesel

pY-1

=1- y

(rr-=T (p-1)

From the formula, 11c p

11Diesel> 110tto

2.11 2.13

Cs

HIS

+ 12.5

02

RA +RB=W Taking moment about B,

Th1B =

a
2a Pb 2a

=>

RA x 2a = W x a + P x b Wxa+Pxb W 2

=-+-

2.14 Taking moment about (1),

=}

Rl + ~

=P 2Ml =0
<1

//2

1 _:

~x=px(f+a)
P

Rz=

----

(f

a)
R1

_2

(2)

t---~

= p__ l

p(

_.t

"2

-+a ) 2

= P __ P_
2

P.a. =

W --Pa
_2 __

Maximum bending moment will be at the center, i.e. at 0 Thus taking moment about 0, we have

2Mo

R1 Xl

) +(Pxa)+ {(~ + p.a.) xip.}

x - + (P.a) + 2

P 2

pal

(pe + pa)
2

P.

x _ 2

2.16

PP Pa -+Pa+ 4 2 5i + 5z = 20 + 20
= --

PP Pa PP -+ - = -+Pa 4 2 2

= 40 kN/m = 40,000 N/m .. Natural frequency of vibration of the system,

In
Lifeoc(
~

n V;; = 2A

rs

40 x 1000 20 10 100 = =

2i T

y
=
Ll
(:~

Lz

= 8000

G~ = Y

1000 hrs.

25mm~size H~Hole
e~5haft

For H8 ~ fundamental deniation = 0 Maximum clearance of the fit = 33 + 40 + 33 = 106 microns

GATE:

2000 - 18

2.20 Let square is of side x

AD

=
=

~ABZ - BDz

Jaz

_a;

= ~

Since both the triangles

~ AEF and ADB are symmetrical,

----a-ox 2

AE EF AD - BD

.Jj

.Jja
2

= g-sinceEF=EI="2

x --2 2

..p;; - 2x .Jj
.J3a--Zx=
.Jjx (.Jj + 2) x = .Jj a

x=[JL]a -.J3+2
2.21 Reselience Toughness = "2 (70 x 0.004) x 106 = 14 x 104 Nm/m3 =
1

"2 [(70

x 0.004 + 50 x 0.008) + 70 x 0.008] x 106

= 90
2.23 Radius of trajectory =
,

x 104

2 = 5 cm
- - - .. - - - - - .: (55, 35)

10

(-5, 35) ,- - - -

,
:

(50,30)

(-5, -5):..

4 10=60'

Jl=

12
p=
A 48 Jl-60

pZ Wq = queue length = 1- p

(0.8)z
(1- 0.8) - 3.2

t
1 2 3 4 5

f
9.8 12,7 15.6 18.5 21.4

deviation
0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.3 (SECTION-B)

j(x)

e-

X-

Xl

= Xl = x2

f(xo)
-

(e-o -0) ) =0 -

'f-;--(

Xo

-e-1
( e -5 -0.5

-0

= 0.5

x2

-,

f (x I ) f (XI)
f(x
o )

= 0.5 -

0.5)

-e-1 -

= 0.56631
-

x3 = x2

-,

----

!'(x2) f(x )
3_

= 0.56631 = 0.567143

(e-56631_0.567143) ( -,567143 1) -e(e-567143_.567143)

0.567143

x4 x4

x3

__

!'(X3) 0.567143 = 0.5671

-e-

-.567143

1)

T 1 = 330 K, T 2 = 440 K U1 = 170kJ, U2 = 190kJ HI = 220 kJ, H2 = 247 kJ 51 = 0.23 kJ /K, 52 = 0.3 kJ /K W 1-2 = ? ~U =~Q-~W ~Q = area under curve an T-5diagram
= T1 (52 -51)

'2 (52- 51) (T2- T1)

+

= 330 (0.3 - 0.23)

'2 (0.3 -

0.23)

(440 - 330)

= 330 x 0.07

'2 x 0.07

x 110

=
~Wl_2=

26.95 kJ

~Q-~U

26.95 - (190 - 170)

= 6.95

kJ