Coiled Tubing Drilling

MK0122

Coiled Tubing Directional Drilling Capabilities

GOAL: Achieve results similar to conventional drilling for:

Drilling Lateral Sections Drilling Build Sections Changing Direction

Basic Coiled Tubing Drilling BHA

CT Connector, Check Valves, Hydraulic Disconnect, Circulating Sub, Non-rotating Joint, Float Sub Directional/Gamma MWD

Coiled Tubing Orienter

Mud Motor

Equalizing Sub

Directional /Gamma Coiled Tubing MWD

306 -in (25 -ft 6 -in) 37.5 -in 3.25 -in OD DIRECTIONAL PROBE CENTRALIZERS 5 -ft TO DIRECTIONAL SENSORS 14.5 -ft TO GAMMA SENSORS 8 -in 2.875-in OD

FLOW

PULSER

TURBINE

GAMMA PROBE

Measurement While Drilling

Started with existing 3-1/2" Directional/Gamma Sonde design allowed OD reductions Shortened collars Software modified for CT operation Incorporating Short Radius technology

CTD MWD Specifications

CT MWD OD (in.) 3.25 / 2.875 Length (ft.) 25.5 Dir. Measure Pt. from end of MWD 5 Gamma Measure Pt. from end of MWD 14.5 Top Box Connection 2-7/8 Stub Acme Mod Bottom Connection 2-3/8 CS Hydril Box Flow Rate Range (gpm) 80-160 Pressure Drop (psi) 120 Max. Temperature (deg. C / deg. F) 140 / 284 Max. Working Pressure (psi) 15,000 Max. Dogleg Severity (0 / 100 ft.) 35 Power / Telemetry Turbine / Positive Toolface Update Time Max./Avg. (sec) 9 / 23 Real-time Gamma Update Max./Avg. (sec) 14 / 35 Recorded Gamma Update Max./Min. (sec) 10 / 95 Full Survey Time (sec) 190 Short Survey Time (sec) 118 Running Short Survey Update Time (min) 5.4 Standard MWD 3.5 flex 36 13 22.5 2-3/8 IF (NC26) 2-3/8 IF Pin 80-200 120 140 / 284 15,000 30 Turbine / Positive 9 / 23 14 / 35 10 / 95 190 118 5.4

New Tools
Coiled Tubing Orienter Required to orient bend MWD must rotate in unison with bend Operates on pressure drop Equalizer Sub

Coiled Tubing Orienter Design

Driven by Pressure Drop below tool No need for wireline (better hydraulics) No need to cycle CT (less fatigue) Indexes 20 every pump cycle Piston + Helical Cam design with ratchet

Coiled Tubing Orienter

Internal Pressure

Annulus Pressure

Pumps Off, Reset

Port to Annulus

Drive Piston

Helical Return Cam Ratchet Spring Oil

Balance Piston

Output Shaft

Pumps On, Indexing

CTD Equalizer Sub

Orienter Specifications
3" OD Orienter 3-5/8" OD Orienter

Length Rotation/Cycle Max Torque @ 600 psi P Max Torque @ 1000 psi P Max P

7.5 ft 20 250 ft-lbs 500 ft-lbs 1500 psi

9.5 ft 20 400 ft-lbs 800 ft-lbs 1500 psi

Directional Learning Curve

Drilling the Lateral Must orient left/right - no rotation Meandering increases drag 1966 ft. lateral drilled Only limited reach in 2 wells Geologic factors

Well No. 9 Survey Plot Vertical Projection

8600

TVD (ft)

8809.7 TVD at TD 8900 4000 4300 4600 4900 5200

11,628 -ft TD 5500

Vertical Section (ft) at N 2 deg 11 min W

Well No. 9 Survey Plot Horizontal Projection

Latitude (ft)
4000 700 4300 4600 4900 5200 5500

North

Departure (ft)

400

11,628 -ft TD

100

East

Directional Learning Curve

Drilling the Build Section 38/100' build rate achieved w/1650' lateral Goal: Intermediate/Short Radius (45 - 55/100') MWD: Flexible connectors, shorter probes Orienting against the curve - 25/100'

Thru-Tubing Sidetrack Cement Plug Kickoff

4-1/2" Tubing XN Nipple, milled to 3.8" ID 4-1/2" Tubing Tail @ 10,056 ft. KOP 10,140 ft. @ 33.5 INC 3-3/4" Open Hole 2-7/8" Liner

Laterals 1000 1966 ft.

7" / 9-5/8" Casing

Coiled Tubing Drilling Experience

40 1650

Build Rate (/100 ft.)

828 30 515 198 20

B B

675

1204

1966

579 315

950

B B 983 B

1000 10 495 800 488 571 725 921 500

244 0 0

B B BB B

1000

1500

2000

Horizontal Displacement (ft.)

Lessons From Alaska

IADC/SPE 35128 Excerpts
High Low-shear-rate viscosity improves cuttings transport Solids kept below 1% Backream: across doglegs and on short trips (every 50-100 ft.) Drill rates in soft sands limited to 75 ft. / hr. to prevent buildup Less aggressive PDC bits, non-mag motors Depth control: use Gamma Ray to tie-in log to monitor Economics: 40% savings in 1995 Driving force: Thru-tubing applications with accessible targets

CTD Wells Through 1996

30 30 25

20 WELLS

15

10 5 3 1 0 Alaska Long Beach Other U.S. O/S Holland Mexico UAE 1 1

CTD Statistics
41 wells to date (12/96) Over 36,000 ft. drilled / Over 25,000 ft. horizontal Over 300 bit/mill runs 1966 ft. Longest horizontal section 25 windows, 24 MR curves, 32 horizontals 2 liner orientations Longest 2100 ft. 1 oriented acid job

Conclusions
Directional drilling capabilities have improved New technology has been instrumental Lateral Sections of 1966 ft. can be drilled Build Sections of 38/100 ft. can be drilled Turns in 25/100 ft. curve can be done Global experience is expanding