THE MAMMALIAN HEART

The heart consist of ______________________ separated by the septum Both sides beat ________________(at the same time) _________________ circulation takes blood to and from the lungs ________________ circulation takes blood to and from the body tissues The ______________________takes blood from the body and pumps it to the __________ The _____________________takes blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body

ONE WAY BLOOD FLOW

Veins carry blood _____________________ _______________ are the largest veins in the body Arteries carry blood ______________________ The ___________ is the largest artery in the body ________________ pumped from the atria to ventricles is prevented by ________________________ (AV) valves Back flow of blood pumped from the ___________________ is prevented by _____________________ valves

Heart Blood Supply

_______________ arteries branch off the aorta and supply the muscle cells of the heart with oxygen and nutrients Blockage in these arteries can cause chest pain called ___________ Clogged arteries may be treated with drugs or ______________________surgery An alternative to a bypass is called _____________________ where a tube is inserted into the blocked artery and inflated to clear the blockage

REVIEW
Describe pulmonary circulation. Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood? What vessels supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients? Give the order of structures that blood flows past starting with the vena cava until it reaches the aorta

HEART RATE AND CONTROL

Your heart beats about ________________ (108,000/day or 2.96 x 109 / lifetime)

each beat must be __________________ cardiac (________________) muscle can beat without stimulation but the 4 heart chambers must contract in a specific sequence the _______________________located in the right atrium acts as the pacemaker and sends impulses that radiate across the atria The _____________ signal causes the atria to contract downwards and eventually reaches the AV (________________________) second signal is sent from AV node through special fibres (__________________) in a structure called _________________________ the signal sent to the base of the ventricles will spread upward causing _________________ ____________ SA node is linked to nerves that make the heart rate increase (______________nerves) or decrease (___________________________ nerves)

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHS
An ___________ (EKG) detects changes in electrical current during the cardiac cycle _________________ - atrial contraction _________________ - ventricular contraction _________________ - ventricle recovery ECGs may reveal disorders of the heart _____________ - relaxation of the heart _____________- contraction of the heart

HEART SOUNDS
Heart sounds are caused by ____________________ as the heart beats contraction of ventricles forces AV valves shut ________ sound relaxation of ventricles lowers pressure in ventricle so semilunar valves snap shut to prevent backflow from arteries _____________ incomplete closure of valve results in different sound (_________________) and may indicate a faulty heart valve

REVIEW
What is the pacemaker and where is it located in the heart? What represents ventricular contraction on an ECG? What is the relaxation phase of the heart beat called? What makes the lubb-dubb heart sound? When you run a race, what nerves tell the pacemaker to speed up? What causes heart murmurs?