Richard Lewontin

;
To DNA


DNA

 : Biology as Ideology: The Dogma o f DNA

by Richard C. Lewontin, 1991

Stoddart Publishing Co. Ltd
:
,
: 2000
ISBN: 960-7578-22-8
15, . . 104 34
./Fax. 6448275
e-mail: lexeme@hol.gr
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173



1. C. . MacPherson, The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism
(Oxford University Press, 1962).
;
1. R. J. Hermstein, I.Q. in the Meritocracy (Atlantic-Little, Brown,
1973), 221.
2. L. F. Ward, Education (, Special Collection
Division, Brown University, Providence, RI, 1873).
3. A. R. Jensen, How much can we boost I.Q. and scholastic
achievement?, Harvard Educational Review 39 (1969): 15.
4. C. C. Brigham, A Study of American Intelligence (Princeton
University Press, 1923), 209-210.
5. H. L. Garrett, Breeding Down (Patrick Henry Press,
).
6. H. F. Osborne, , New York Times, 8 1924,18.
7. R. C. Lewontin, S. Rose, and L. J. Kamin, Not in Our Genes
(Pantheon, 1984), 101-106.
8. L. J. Kamin, The Science and Politics of I.Q. (Potomac, MD:
Erlbaum, 1974).
9. ..
175

Richard C. Lewontin

10. Jensen, ..
11. B. Tizard, IQ and Race, Nature 247 (1974): 316.
12. R. C. Lewontin, Human Diversity (Scientific American Books,
1982).

1. . . East and D. F. Jones, Inbreeding and Outbreeding (Lippincott, 1919).

To
1.

Committee on Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome,

Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome (National Academy

Press, 1988).
Daniel J. Kevles and Leroy Hood (eds.), The Code of Codes:
Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project (Harvard
University Press, 1992).
Jerry E. Bishop and Michael Waldholz, Genome: The Story of the
Most Astonishing Scientific Adventure of Our Time - The Attempts to
Map All the Genes in the Human Body (Simon and Schuster, 1990).
Lois Wingerson, Mapping Our Genes: The Genome Project and the
Future of Medicine (Dutton, 1990).
Joel Davis, Mapping the Code: The Human Genome Project and the
Choices of Modem Science (Wiley, 1991).
Christopher Wills, Exons, Introns, and Talking Genes: The Science
Behind the Human Genome Project (Basic Books, 1991).
Dorothy Nelkin and Laurence Tancredi, Dangerous Diagnostics:
The Social Power of Biological Information (Basic Books, 1991).
David Suzuki and Peter Knudtson, Genethics: The Ethics of
Engineering Life (Harvard University Press, 1990).
Daniel J. Kevles, In the Nature of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses
of Human Heredity (University of California Press, 1986).
176


The New York Times, 9 1992, . A26. The Wall Street
Journal, 17 1992, . 1.Nature, 9 1992, . 463.

2.
1989. Keller
Nature, Nurture, and the Human Genome Project, The
Code of Codes.

3.


, The Code of Codes. ,
,

.
Lesley Roberts Fight Erupts over DNA Fingerprinting,
Science, 20 1991, . 1.721-1723.
4. crroFrye . United States 293 F. 2nd DC Circuit 1013,
104(1923).
5. Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, DNA
Technology in Forensic Science (National Academy Press, 1989). O
,
, .

DNA,
,
NRC
, , Daniel Hartl,
Science,
.
1971

, (NRC).
6. . Allison, The Radioactive Ellixir, Harvard,
- 1992, . 734-75.

177

Richard C. Lewontin

1. . . Wilson, Sociobtology: The New Synthesis (Harvard University
Press, 1975).
2. .. 562.
3. .. 561.
4. .. 119.
5. .. 556.
6. .. 575.
7. .. 552.
8. .. 554.
9. P. A. Kropotkin, Mutual Aid (1901), 1.
10. . . Wilson, Human Decency is Animal, New York Times
Magazine, 12 1975,38-50.
11. Exploring Human Nature (Education Development Center,
1973).

1. . . Wilson, Sociobiology, 575.

178

( ;)

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() ,
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179

(HGP, Human
Genome Project),
,

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DNA,

.
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Venter
, TIGR, 1998
Celera Genomics.
Lewontin
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Francis Collins,
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180

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182

1871: DNA.
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1952:
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1960: ,
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183

1976:
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1978: Louise Joy Brown, ,
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Jordan Carr, .
1982:

(FDA) :
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184

:
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1987:

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1988:

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1990: FDA ,
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1991:
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1992:
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1993: George Washington
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8 : 59
,


185

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Cornell

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.
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1995: 200 , , , ,

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1996:
.

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186

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. influenzae

100.000 = 3
(200 1.000
)
50.000-80.000
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8.355-8.947 s 14.000.000
3.237 = 4.670.000 (300 .)
1.800.000

187

172
Agassiz, L., 52
Allison, ., 177
Bailey, W 125
Baltimore, D., 109
Beck, L., 102
Bishop, J. E., 96,176
Bodmer, W., 113
Brigham, C. C.,51,175
Brown, 165
Burt, G, 61
Cantor, C., 93
Captain, 28
Chetverikov, S. S., 10
Collins, F.,93
Cowan, R. S., 115
Crick, F., 16,96
Culturgens, 38

FBI, 117,119,121,124
Frye, J., 119-120
East, E. M 176
Garrett, H. L 175
Gilbert, W 93-94,96,102
Gillie, O., 61
Glaxo, 113
Greely, H., 115
Guenther, 52
Healey, B., 112-113
Herrnstein, R. J., 45-46,65,175
HGP, 93,113
Hood, L 94,96,99,176
HUGO, 93
I.Q., 57,59,61-66

Davis, J., 96,176

Dawkins, R 14,38,151
DNA, 37,39,81-82,85,93-94,9697, 100-101, 103-106, 109, 111,
114-117,119,121-122,124,127,
130-131,142-143,151,158,168,

Jensen, A. R., 47,65,175-176

Jones, D. F., 176
Kallikaks, 51
189

Kamin, L. J., 61,175

Keller, E. F., 99,114
Kevles, D. J.,96,98,110,176
Knudtson, P., 106-107,176
Koshland, 114,116
Kropotkin, P. A., 178
Lewontin, R. C., 175-176
MacPherson, C. B.,35,175
Massey, 93
Maxam, A., 94
Mayr, E., 11
McCawber, 64
McKay, 109
McKusick, V., 120,122
Mohawks, 27
Monsanto, 89
Mustie, A. J., 141
Nelkin,D 98-99,114-115,176
Osborne, H. F.,52,175
Pasteur, 100
Pugachev, 28
Roberts, L., 177
Rose, S., 175
Sahl, M 160
Shays, D., 28
Suzuki, D 106-107,176
Tancredi, L., 98-99,114,176
190

Tay-Sachs, 101
Tizard, B., 176
Venter, G., 179-181
Waldholz, M., 96,176
Wallace, H. A., 89
Ward, L. F., 175
Watson, J., 93,96,102,112-113,
180
Webster, D 150
Wills, C, 96,119
Wilson, E. O., 12-13, 132-133,
135,138,168,176
Wilson, W 123
Wingerson, L., 96,176
Zuckerman, S., 31

, 118
, 32-33,36,41,129,152153
', .,50
, 73
, 152,154,158
, 29
, 30-31
, ., 32
, 128
, ., 49-50
, 43
, ., 10,16,30
, 50
, I., 102
, 28
, 39
, 29
,., 181-182
,.,43
, ., 35
-, 50-51
, 128-129

191

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Edward O. Wilson:
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Edward O. Wilson:
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Edward O. Wilson: :
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Richard Dawkins:
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Bruno Latour:
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Simon Le Vay:
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Michael Gazzaniga, Ph. D.:
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Jeffrie Murphy: ,
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British Medical Association:
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Freeman Dyson:
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John Maynard Smith:
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Herbert A. Simon:
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George Whitrow:
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Burt Kosko: Fuzzy Logic
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Peter Medawar:
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Arthur Eddington: ,
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Paul Davies:
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J. C. Polkinghome:
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Richard C. Lewontin
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, The G enetic B asis o f
Evolutionary Change, The Ontogeny o f Inform ation , Not in Our
Genes, H um an D iversity The D ialectical Biologist.
R. Lewontin
Evolutionary Genetics: From M olecules to M orphology
. . R. S. Singh.
ISBN: 960-7578-22-8