Economic factors 1) Economic growth Shipping is a global industry and its prospects are closely tied to the level

of economic activity in the world.a higher level of economic growth would generally lead to higher demand for industrial raw materials,which in turn will boost imports and exports.the shipping market is cyclical in nature and freight rates generally tend to be highly volatile.

Key positives

Strong Economic Growth : IMF Estimates 4.9% Global GDP Growth For 2007 On The Back Of A Rapid In China And India And A Moderate Growth In The US. This Is Slightly Lower Than The 5.1% Estimated Growth For 2006.A Strong Global GDP Growth Should Lead To A Strong Demand For Key Industrial Raw Materials Like Crude, Iron Ore And Coal. This Is Expected To Aid The Shipping Industrys Growth. Governments thrust on oil exploration: Energy security remains one of the top agenda for a country like india , which imports nearly 70% of its crude oil requirements. in a bid to encourage oil exploration activity in india, the government liad down the new exploration and licensing policy(NELP) in 1997-98. This has led to a substantial increase in exploration activities by private players. In the recently concluded NELP- VI, the government has allotted 27 deepwater and 6 shallow water oil blocks. As the investment in the oil explorations activity pick up pace, we expect the demand for offshore services in terms of rigs and offshore support vessels to remain strong.

India to become a refinery hub : the current refinery capacity of india is cose to 132 MMTPA. The domastic refining companies have planned capacity additions to be the tune tune of 90 to 100 MMTPA in the next 4 to 5 years. with the large-scale commissioning of refining capacities, india is likely to emerge as a refining as a refining hub .this is likely to result in a significant demand for crude and products tankers. Focus on port infrastructure: in 2005 ministry of shipping road transport and highways announced the rs 610 bn national maritime development programme to boost infrastructure at major ports in the next 10 years . the programme is expected to increase the port capacity from 389.5 MT by 2014. The Indian economy has shown fall in the growth. The fall mainly reflects a slowdown in agriculture production after previous years bumper harvest. However activities in the industrial and services sector strengthened during the year buoyed by a revival of exports and the pickup in domestic demand. Thus, the growth in GDP from the industrial

sector accelerated to 6.9% from 4% in the previous year. While services grew at last years level of 8.2%. In 4 of the 5 decades since independence Indian shipping has grown at an annualized rate higher than average world tonnage.Further, in the entire sample period of 47 years, the former has grown at an annulized rate of 6.1% while the latter has grown at less than 4% only in the 7 years ,has the grown in latter overtaken Indian shipping growth rate.

Exchange rate Both imports and exports measured in USD have grown by 8%. In contrast, exports fell by 4% while imports grew by less than 1%. This trend is reflected in terms of volume of cargo handled by major ports, which grew by 8% in against stagnation in the previous year.

Social factors: 1) Education Education from web based in the convenience of oen office to formal training rooms, they offer a venue to meet the needs, including: Educational seminars through a wide array of topic and expected speakers, they can assist any company with their in person training needs regarding international trade. Online education their series of online seminars offers a convenience, cost-effective way to conduct introductory training on a variety of international topics.