LTE Basics

4G - O futuro das redes mveis
Rio de Janeiro, Maio 2011

All rights reserved 1 Nokia Siemens Networks
So Mobile Networks has evolved to meet the challenge
May 2010
Mobile Networks
Digital Communications. Mobility. Voice and Low data Rate.
GSM/ 2G
~300kbps
EDGE
All rights reserved 3 Nokia Siemens Networks May 2010
Mobile Networks
Evolution to a high data rate. Video Call Internet browsing Global solution
3G
GSM/ 2G
~2Mbps
~300kbps
EDGE
WCDMA
May 2010
Mobile Networks
~14Mbps
3.5G
3G
High Speed Packet Access. Smooth evolution from 3G. Higher Data Rate
GSM/ 2G
~2Mbps
~300kbps
EDGE
WCDMA
May 2010
HSDPA
Mobile Networks
Future Proof evolution to LTE. Higher Throughput Simple architecture. Global solution
~170Mbps
4G/LTE
~14Mbps
3.5G
3G
GSM/ 2G
~2Mbps
~300kbps
EDGE
WCDMA
May 2010
HSDPA
Mobile Networks
~1Gbbps
Evolution for LTE networks. Standardization 2010/2011 LTE-Advance
May 2010
What is 4G
May 2010
Long Term Evolution

3GPP Release 8
May 2010
Multiple Access Methods

TDMA
Time Division
FDMA
Frequency Division
CDMA
Code Division
OFDMA
Frequency Division Orthogonal subcarriers
co
es d
f
User 2 User 1 All rights reserved 10 Nokia Siemens Networks User 3 User ..
May 2010
Multiple Access Selection
OFDM-based Dowlink air interface Up to 20 MHz

time
frequency
May 2010
Multiple Access Selection
SC-FDMA-based Uplink air interface
time
frequency
Up to 20 MHz
May 2010
Multiple Imput Multiple Output

h11
Traditionally one Tx and one Rx
t1
r1
r1 = h11 t1 + 1
h11 t1 r1 h12 h21
We can use diversity to transmit over the same frequency different information.
t2
h22
r2
r1 h11 r = h 2 21
h12 t1 1 t + h22 2 2
The Beautes of LTE

TX
64QAM Modulation ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
RX
Tx
MIMO Channel
Rx
Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq.
scalable
DL: OFDMA UL: SC-FDMA
May 2010
LTE Downlink and Uplink Peak Bit Rates
Downlink [Mbit/s per cell]

LTE cell bandwidth Modulation QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM MIMO usage Single stream Single stream Single stream 2x2 MIMO 0.9 1.9 4.4 8.8 2.3 5.0 11.1 22.2 4.0 8.0 18.3 36.7 8.0 16.4 36.7 73.7 11.8 24.5 55.1 110.1 15.8 32.9 75.4 149.8 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz
Uplink [Mbit/s per cell]

Modulation QPSK 16QAM MIMO usage Single stream Single stream
1.0 2.8
2.7 7.0
4.4 11.4
8.8 22.9
13.0 35.2
17.6 46.9
May 2010
LTE Performace
MIMO = combined use of 2 tx and 2 rx antennas
OFDM with frequency domain equalization
Inter-cell interference rejection combining or cancellation
Frequency domain packet scheduling
May 2010
And going forward
LTE-Advance
May 2010
Key architectural concept.

for Mobile Network
Access
GSM/EDGE/ UMTS/HSPA RNC W-CDMA BTS SGSN GGSN IMS HLR/HSS 2G BTS BSC
Core
MGW
Control
MSC
Voice Call/Data Call are generated from a Data Call goes from the Radio mobile user. networks to the Core Network where the SGSN and GGSN It goes to a BTS/NodeB controlled by a pass the call to the internet BSC/RNC. And based on destination and type forwarded to the core network And the data call goes to the internet
May 2010

Flat and cost effective Mobile Network
Access
GSM/EDGE/ UMTS/HSPA
RNC W-CDMA BTS SGSN 2G BTS BSC
Core
MGW
Control
MSC
Radio Network Controller GGSN IMS functionality moves towards eNodeB and SAE
HLR/HSS
LTE / SAE
LTE BTS (eNodeB) MME SAE-GW
May 2010

Access
Signaling and Traffic 2G BTS GSM/EDGE/ concentrated in a handle single UMTS/HSPAelement
W-CDMA BTS BSC
Core
MGW
Control
MSC
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
IMS
HLR/HSS
LTE / SAE
May 2010

Access
GSM/EDGE/ UMTS/HSPA
RNC W-CDMA BTS SGSN GGSN IMS HLR/HSS 2G BTS BSC
Core
MGW
Control
MSC
LTE / SAE
May 2010

LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MME SAE-GW
Signaling and Traffic handle concentrated in a single element
May 2010

Self Organizing Network (SON)
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MME SAE-GW
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
May 2010
Self-Healing by power adaptation
54
55
56 18 37 57 7 26 40 38 46 2 21 27 8 19
200
Coverage 35 16 due hole 36 17 to eNB-outage

53 44 15 34 52 43 14 33 24 51 13 32 23 50 12 31
0 500 1000
200
-95
400
Holes removed by increase55 power of 54 56 16 17 18 neighbor sectors 35 36 37 by 6dB

53 44 15 34 52 14 33 24 51 13 32 43 5;6dB 45 6;6dB 7 25;6dB 26;6dB 57 19 38 46 8 27
-95
400
45 6
600
25
600 -100 800
-100
800
1000
-105 1000
40;6dB 2 21;6dB 47 9 28
-105
1200
1200
-110 1400
42 4
41 3 22 49 11 30
1500
47 9 28
1400
42;6dB 41;6dB 4;6dB 3 23 22 49 12 11 30

1500
-110
1600
1600 -115
-115
1800
48 10 29
2000 2500 3000
1800
50 31
500 1000
48 10 29
2000 2500 3000 -120
2000
-120 2000 0
May 2010
Benefits of Flat architectural concept.
Typically, more than 80% of all data bursts in WCDMA/HSPA networks are so small (<100kB) that they are more sensitive to latency than throughput. Source: Major global operator
May 2010
But how does it look in real
life
LTE BTS (eNodeB)
MME SAE-GW
May 2010
Challenges
May 2010
Carry the Traffic
Cell peak
Cell average
eNB transport
All-Average
All-Average/ Single-Peak
All-Peak
May 2010
All on an IP Network
Any packet network
Theory seems so simple!
May 2010
Any packet network
Real life doesnt!
May 2010
Any packet network
May 2010
Any packet network
Transport for LTE Networks IPSec is the Standardized Solution

Environmental vision
World Connected
Net positive impact on environment
May 2010
Environmental Challenges
Total CO2 footprint from human activity CO2 footprint of ICT CO2 footprint of telecoms CO2 footprint of radio networks
28% 2%
Telecoms infrastructure and devices
43%
Mobile infrastructure
80-90% Radio networks

(BTS sites: 78-89%)
40GtCO2e
-70%
Sources: SMART2020 report (The Climate Group, 2008) Nokia Siemens Networks mobile network assessment
May 2010
If you download these presentation with 2G or 3G today
May 2010
And in the near future with
4G
May 2010
Thank you.
May 2010

LTE Basics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LTE Basics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

4G - O futuro das redes mveis

Rio de Janeiro, Maio 2011

So Mobile Networks has evolved to meet the challenge

All rights reserved 2 Nokia Siemens Networks

Digital Communications. Mobility. Voice and Low data Rate.

Evolution for LTE networks. Standardization 2010/2011 LTE-Advance

All rights reserved 7 Nokia Siemens Networks

All rights reserved 8 Nokia Siemens Networks

Long Term Evolution

All rights reserved 9 Nokia Siemens Networks

Multiple Access Methods

Multiple Access Selection

OFDM-based Dowlink air interface Up to 20 MHz

Multiple Access Selection

SC-FDMA-based Uplink air interface

Multiple Imput Multiple Output

Traditionally one Tx and one Rx

The Beautes of LTE

Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq.

DL: OFDMA UL: SC-FDMA

All rights reserved 14 Nokia Siemens Networks

LTE Downlink and Uplink Peak Bit Rates

Downlink [Mbit/s per cell]

Uplink [Mbit/s per cell]

All rights reserved 15 Nokia Siemens Networks

OFDM with frequency domain equalization

Inter-cell interference rejection combining or cancellation

Frequency domain packet scheduling

All rights reserved 16 Nokia Siemens Networks

And going forward

All rights reserved 17 Nokia Siemens Networks

Key architectural concept.

All rights reserved 18 Nokia Siemens Networks

Key architectural concept.

All rights reserved 19 Nokia Siemens Networks

Key architectural concept.

All rights reserved 20 Nokia Siemens Networks

Key architectural concept.

All rights reserved 21 Nokia Siemens Networks

Key architectural concept.

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

Signaling and Traffic handle concentrated in a single element

All rights reserved 22 Nokia Siemens Networks

Key architectural concept.

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

All rights reserved 23 Nokia Siemens Networks

Self-Healing by power adaptation

Coverage 35 16 due hole 36 17 to eNB-outage

Holes removed by increase55 power of 54 56 16 17 18 neighbor sectors 35 36 37 by 6dB

600 -100 800

42;6dB 41;6dB 4;6dB 3 23 22 49 12 11 30

All rights reserved 24 Nokia Siemens Networks

Benefits of Flat architectural concept.

All rights reserved 25 Nokia Siemens Networks

But how does it look in real

LTE BTS (eNodeB)

All rights reserved 26 Nokia Siemens Networks

All rights reserved 27 Nokia Siemens Networks

Carry the Traffic

Any packet network

Theory seems so simple!