Professional Documents
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1.3 Features ................................................................................................. 1.4 Functionality ........................................................................................... 2 Functionality ................................................................................................. 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 2.2 Functional Units ...................................................................................... 2.2.1 ATM Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.2 Ethernet Interface Unit ................................................................... 2.2.3 SDH Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.4 PDH Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.5 DDN Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.6 Tone and Data Access Unit & RS- 232/ RS- 422 Interface Unit .... 2.2.7 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix Unit .................................................... 2.2.8 Synchronous Timing Unit ............................................................... 2.2.9 SCC ............................................................................................... 2.2.10 Overhead Processing Unit ........................................................... 2.2.11 Auxiliary Interface Unit ................................................................. 2.2.12 Power Backup Unit ...................................................................... 2.3 Equipment-Level Protection ................................................................... 2.3.1 Protection of Processing Boards .................................................... 2.3.2 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit ........... 2.3.3 Power Unit ..................................................................................... 2.3.4 Abnormality-Specific Service Protection ........................................ 2.4 Network-Level Protection ....................................................................... 2.4.1 SDH Trail Protection ...................................................................... 2.4.2 SNCP ............................................................................................. 2.4.3 Service Protection of Interconnected Networks ............................. 2.4.4 Virtual Optical Fiber Protection Ring .............................................. 2.4.5 ATM Layer Service Protection ....................................................... 2.4.6 STP Protection of Ethernet Service ............................................... 2.5 Clock Synchronous Network Technology ............................................... 2.6 In-Service Upgrade of Unit Functions .................................................... 3 Configuration and Networking .................................................................... 3.1 Configuration .......................................................................................... 3.1.1 Access Capability...........................................................................
1-1 1-1 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-9 2-1 2-1 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-13 2-16 2-19 2-20 2-22 2-25 2-26 2-29 2-31 2-31 2-32 2-32 2-33 2-34 2-34 2-35 2-35 2-36 2-36 2-37 2-37 2-38 2-39 2-44 3-1 3-1 3-1
3.1.2 Configuration Mode........................................................................ 3.2 Networking ............................................................................................. 3.2.1 Basic Networking Modes of PDH Service ...................................... 3.2.2 ATM Service .................................................................................. 3.2.3 Ethernet Service Basic Networking Modes .................................... 3.2.4 Basic Networking Mode for DDN Service Transmission ................ 3.2.5 Self-Healing Protection .................................................................. 4 Mechanical Structure ................................................................................... 4.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 4.2 Cabinet Structure ................................................................................... 4.3 Subrack Structure ................................................................................... 4.4 Fan Box .................................................................................................. A Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes............... A.1 Levels of SDH ........................................................................................ A.2 Multiplexing Structure ............................................................................ A.3 Basic Frame Structure ........................................................................... A.4 SOH ....................................................................................................... A.4.1 STM-1 SOH ................................................................................... A.4.2 STM-4 SOH ................................................................................... A.4.3 STM-16 SOH ................................................................................. A.4.4 SOH Byte....................................................................................... A.5 POH ....................................................................................................... A.5.1 Higher-order POH VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH Bytes ...................... A.5.2 Lower-order POH VC-12 POH Bytes ............................................ B ATM Cell Structure ....................................................................................... B.1 ATM Cell Structure................................................................................. C Features ........................................................................................................ C.1 Types of Interface .................................................................................. C.1.1 ATM Interface ................................................................................ C.1.2 Ethernet Interface .......................................................................... C.1.3 SDH Optical Interface .................................................................... C.1.4 PDH and SDH Electrical Interfaces ............................................... C.1.5 DDN Interface Type ....................................................................... C.1.6 Clock Interface .............................................................................. C.1.7 Auxiliary Interface .......................................................................... C.2 Types of Applications ............................................................................. C.3 Cross-Connection and Access Capacity ............................................... C.4 Power Source Requirements .................................................................
3-3 3-12 3-12 3-17 3-21 3-36 3-40 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-4 4-6 A-1 A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-4 A-4 A-6 A-6 A-8 A-8 A-8 B-1 B-1 C-1 C-1 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-4 C-5 C-5 C-6
C.5 Power Consumption of Boards .............................................................. C.6 Mechanical Structure ............................................................................. C.7 EMC ....................................................................................................... C.8 Environmental Requirements ................................................................ C.8.1 Environmental Index ...................................................................... C.8.2 Environment for Storage ............................................................... C.8.3 Transportation Environment .......................................................... C.8.4 Operation Environment ................................................................. D Major Specifications .................................................................................... D.1 Performance Specifications of Optical Interface .................................... D.1.1 SDH Optical Interface Parameters ................................................ D.1.2 Mean Launched Power ................................................................. D.1.3 Extinction Ratio (EX) ..................................................................... D.1.4 Receiver Sensitivity (BER=1x10EXP-10) ...................................... D.1.5 Receiver Overload Optical Power (BER=1 x10EXP-10)................ D.1.6 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Optical Input Port .................... D.1.7 AIS Rate at Optical Output Port .................................................... D.2 Specifications for Electrical Interface ..................................................... D.2.1 Signal Bit Rate at Output Port ....................................................... D.2.2 Attenuation Tolerance at Input Port ............................................... D.2.3 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Input Port ................................ D.2.4 Anti-Interference Capability at Input Port ...................................... D.2.5 Electrical Interface Protection Switching Time .............................. D.3 ATM Interface Specifications ................................................................. D.4 Ethernet Interface Specifications ........................................................... D.5 Timing and Synchronization Specifications ........................................... D.5.1 Output Jitter ................................................................................... D.5.2 Output Frequency of Internal Oscillator in Free- run Mode ........... D.5.3 Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode ................................ D.6 Jitter Performance Specifications .......................................................... D.6.1 Output Jitter of STM-N Interface ................................................... D.6.2 Jitter Tolerance of SDH STM-N Input Port .................................... D.6.3 Input Jitter Tolerance at PDH Tributary Interface .......................... D.6.4 Mapping Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface ..................................... D.6.5 Combined Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface .................................. D.7 EMC Test Specifications........................................................................ D.8 Environmental Test ................................................................................ D.9 Vibration Test ......................................................................................... E Alarm Signal Flow Diagrams .......................................................................
C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-9 C-9 C-12 C-14 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-10 D-11 D-12 D-13 D-14 D-14 D-15 D-15 D-15 D-16 D-16 D-17 D-18 D-19 D-20 D-20 D-20 D-20 D-22 D-22 D-23 D-23 D-24 D-25 D-28 D-29 D-30 E-1
F-1 G-1
HUAWEI
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. Please feel free to contact our local office, customer care center or company headquarters.
Trademarks
TELLIN, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800, TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA, iTELLIN, HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE, OpenEye, Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, TopEng are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Release Notes
This manual is for the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Transmission System (referred to as OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) hereinafter).
Related Manuals
The manual package for an optical network product is shipped with the product. The table below lists the manual for the products. Manual Manuals shipped with the product Volume Usage
Introduces the functionality, structure, performance, specifications, and theory of the product. Introduces the hardware of the product, including cabinet, subrack, power, fan, board, and a variety of interfaces. Guides the on-site installation of the product and provides the information of the structural parts.
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Technical Manual OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Hardware Description Manual OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Installation Manual
About This Manual Manuals shipped with the product Volume Usage
Troubleshooting Examples OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Maintenance Manual Alarm and Performance Event Routine Maintenance Guides the analysis and troubleshooting of common faults.
Manual
Organization
Chapter
Chapter 1 System Overview Chapter 2 Functionality
Description
Provides an overall description of the architecture and features of the product for the quick understanding of the product by the reader. Describes the O/E interface, clock, optical amplifier, cross-connect matrix, and overhead processing of the product. It also introduces in detail the protection of tributary interface, clock unit, line unit, and cross-connect matrix. In the end it briefly talks about the synchronous network theory based on synchronous status message (SSM). Introduces the networking and protection of the product, illustrated with a few application examples. Talks about the mechanical structure of the product, including cabinet, subrack, and fan. Provides the technical specifications and indices of the functional units as well as the abbreviations for a quick reach of useful information on site.
Intended Audience
This manual is for: Network planner Network designer Network administrator
Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout this publication. Symbol Description
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in equipment damage or loss of data. Means reader be careful. The equipment is static-sensitive. Means reader be careful. In this situation, the high voltage could result in harm to yourself or others. Means reader be careful. In this situation, the strong laser beam could result in harm to yourself or others. Means reader take notice. Notes contain helpful suggestions or useful background information.
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Contents
System Overview
1.1 Introduction 1.2 System Architecture 1.2.1 NE Structure 1.2.2 NM System 1.3 Features 1.4 Functionality 1-1 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-9
Functionality
2.1 Overview 2.2 Functional Units 2.2.1 ATM Interface Unit 2.2.2 Ethernet Interface Unit 2.2.3 SDH Interface Unit 2.2.4 PDH Interface Unit 2.2.5 DDN Interface Unit 2.2.6 Tone and Data Access Unit & RS-232/RS-422 Interface Unit 2.2.7 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix Unit 2.2.8 Synchronous Timing Unit 2.2.9 SCC 2.2.10 Overhead Processing Unit 2.2.11 Auxiliary Interface Unit 2.2.12 Power Backup Unit 2.3 Equipment-Level Protection 2.3.1 Protection of Processing Boards 2.3.2 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit 2.3.3 Power Unit 2.3.4 Abnormality-Specific Service Protection 2-33 2-34 2-34 2-20 2-22 2-25 2-26 2-29 2-31 2-31 2-32 2-32 2-1 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-13 2-16 2-19
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Contents
2.4 Network-Level Protection 2.4.1 SDH Trail Protection 2.4.2 SNCP 2.4.3 Service Protection of Interconnected Networks 2.4.4 Virtual Optical Fiber Protection Ring 2.4.5 ATM Layer Service Protection 2.4.6 STP Protection of Ethernet Service 2.5 Clock Synchronous Network Technology 2.6 In-Service Upgrade of Unit Functions
Mechanical Structure
4.1 Overview 4.2 Cabinet Structure 4.3 Subrack Structure 4.4 Fan Box 4-1 4-2 4-4 4-6
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Contents
Features
C.1 Types of Interface C.1.1 ATM Interface C.1.2 Ethernet Interface C.1.3 SDH Optical Interface C.1.4 PDH and SDH Electrical Interfaces C.1.5 DDN Interface Type C.1.6 Clock Interface C.1.7 Auxiliary Interface C.2 Types of Applications C.3 Cross-Connection and Access Capacity C.4 Power Source Requirements C.5 Power Consumption of Boards C-1 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-4 C-5 C-5 C-6 C-6
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Contents
C.6 Mechanical Structure C.7 EMC C.8 Environmental Requirements C.8.1 Environmental Index C.8.2 Environment for Storage C.8.3 Transportation Environment C.8.4 Operation Environment
Major Specifications
D.1 Performance Specifications of Optical Interface D.1.1 SDH Optical Interface Parameters D.1.2 Mean Launched Power D.1.3 Extinction Ratio (EX) D.1.4 Receiver Sensitivity (BER=1 x 10-10) D.1.5 Receiver Overload Optical Power (BER=1 x 10-10) D-13 D.1.6 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Optical Input Port D.1.7 AIS Rate at Optical Output Port D.2 Specifications for Electrical Interface D.2.1 Signal Bit Rate at Output Port D.2.2 Attenuation Tolerance at Input Port D.2.3 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Input Port D.2.4 Anti-Interference Capability at Input Port D.2.5 Electrical Interface Protection Switching Time D.3 ATM Interface Specifications D.4 Ethernet Interface Specifications D.5 Timing and Synchronization Specifications D.5.1 Output Jitter D.5.2 Output Frequency of Internal Oscillator in Free-run Mode D.5.3 Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode D-20 D-20 D-14 D-14 D-15 D-15 D-15 D-16 D-16 D-17 D-18 D-19 D-20 D-20 D-1 D-1 D-10 D-11 D-12
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Contents
D.6 Jitter Performance Specifications D.6.1 Output Jitter of STM-N Interface D.6.2 Jitter Tolerance of SDH STM-N Input Port D.6.3 Input Jitter Tolerance at PDH Tributary Interface D.6.4 Mapping Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface D.6.5 Combined Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface D.7 EMC Test Specifications D.8 Environmental Test D.9 Vibration Test
Traverse Compatibility
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1 System Overview
1.1 Introduction
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is a multi-service transmission platform (MSTP) developed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huawei) based on the current and future development trends of metropolitan area networks (MANs). The system integrates SDH, ATM, Ethernet, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technologies, and features flexible networking and high traffic grooming capabilities (for example, configured as multiple add/drop multiplexer, or MADM) of the SDH equipment. It is also capable of accessing, processing, transmitting and grooming ATM/Ethernet services by implementing the Layer 2 processing. It achieves the transmission and processing of multiple services (for example, voice and data services) on one single MSTP. In addition, it has a uniform user bandwidth management platform, and can implement effective management of the user access and transmission bandwidth. It can accomplish dynamic allocation of the bandwidth for ATM services by implementing VP-Ring technology. For the Ethernet services, it can accomplish the sharing of the entire bandwidth by means of VLAN control and Layer 2 switching technologies. It can expand the ring transmission bandwidth at a low cost with built-in DWDM technology. As one of the OptiX Metro series product family of Huawei, it is used for the service convergence of the convergence layer in the data communication networks. In the network applications, with relatively light traffic at the backbone layer, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can serve as the backbone transmission equipment. At the access layer with heavy traffic, it can also be used as access layer transmission equipment. A networkwide solution using the OptiX Metro series products is as shown in Figure 1-1.
1-1
System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
MSTP
Backbone Layer
Services
STM-64/16/4/1 GE/POS/10M/100M STM-16C STM-4C Fiber Channel ESCON FICON STM-16/4/1 GE/POS/10M/100M STM-16C STM-4C 2M/34/45M Fiber Channel FICON
TDM ATM IP
Convergence Layer
2M/10M/ 100M
Access Layer
2M/10M/ 100M
Business Group
PON/APON
Transmission for Mobile
Ethernet
Intelligent Residential Area
Figure 1-1 A total network solution with the OptiX Metro series products
The OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) inherits the advantages of the Huawei OptiX series optical transmission equipment. It features enormous cross-connect capacity, abundant tributary access capacity and excellent performance. It takes advantage of the scientific research in the SDH field and the experience in developing data communication products of Huawei. It adopts a series of proprietary application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which enhances the integrity of the equipment. A single subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides 128 128 VC-4 cross-connect capability. Its flexible and multiple equipment configuration functions and abundant tributary interfaces strengthen the service configuration and networking capabilities of the equipment. The OptiX series equipment use a unified network management platform to provide a centralized operation, administration and maintenance (OA&M), achieve automatic service configuration and grooming , and ensure the safe operation of the network.
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System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The system interface units include the SDH interface unit (STM-16/STM-4/STM-1), PDH interface unit (E1/T1/E3/T3), DDN interface unit (N 64K/E1), ATM interface unit (STM-1) and Ethernet interface unit (10/100BASE-T/100BASE-FX/1000BASE-SX/LX). The system control & communication and overhead processing unit (SCC) provides the system internal control and communication interfaces, the SDH overhead byte processing and NM interfaces. The SDH cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit comprises two sub-units: the SDH cross-connect matrix unit has the cross-connect capacity of 128 128 VC-4 (2016 2016 VC-12), and the timing unit, which traces the external clock source or the line clock source to provide the clock source to the system. The auxiliary interface unit provides various maintenance interfaces of the system (for example, Ethernet interface, RS-232 interface, and orderwire telephone interface).
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System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1.2.1 NE Structure
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) network elements (NEs) can be configured as multi-add/drop multiplexer (MADM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), terminal multiplexer (TM) and regenerator (REG). The TM network element consists of line interface unit (SDH interface unit), tributary interface units (including the PDH, SDH, Ethernet, ATM and DDN interface units), cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit, system control & communication, overhead processing unit, The TM NE system structure is as shown in Figure 1-3. These functional units interwork with each other.
SDH Crossconnect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit (high-order and low-order) PDH Interface Tributary interface unit SDH Interface ATM Interface Ethernet Interface DDN Interface
Sync Timing
In some way, the ADM NE structure is similar to a back-to-back combination of the TMs. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can also work in a multi-system mode, while the cross-connection of services can be accomplished among different systems. In the multi-system mode, the network elements make the entire system to work in that mode (like systems 1# and 2#) by distributing the concerned line interface units and tributary interface units to different sub-systems. The multi-system NE system structure is as shown in Figure 1-4.
1-4
System Overview
Tributary-side service access Line-side service transmit Optical amplifier (optional) SDH Cross-connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit (high-order and loworder)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Tributary-side service access Optical amplifier (optional) Line-side service transmit
1# System
2# System
Control Bus
Sync Timing
Switch Control
1.2.2 NM System
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is managed by the OptiX iManager network management system in a unified way. The OptiX iManager manages the faults, performance, configuration, security, maintenance, and also facilitates the testing of the entire optical transmission system. It provides an end-to-end management function according to the requirements of customers. The NM system enhances the quality of network services, reduces the maintenance cost, and ensures an efficient use of the network resources. Huawei provides telecom operators with a series of optical transmission network management systems that are applied in the networks of different levels, thus implementing effective management of sub-networks, regional or national networks. In addition to these basic operation and maintenance functions, the Huawei NMS also has the transmission network monitoring and control capabilities. To adapt to the network management of different scales and levels, the transmission network management systems of Huawei have the local maintenance terminal, NE management system, local NMS, and NMS. These products cover the applications of the TMN network management model, from the network element layer and subnet layer to the network layer, and have also some service management layer functions. The transmission network management systems have a uniform network management platform provided by Huawei. They support the SDH, DWDM, and OptiX Metro equipment, and provide telecom operators with complete network management solutions from a single equipment unit, single service network to the large-scale, multi-service networks. Based on the features of the OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) and the requirements for multi-service transmission, the transmission network management system provides a lot of management functions, that is, SDH service management, ATM PVC management, ATM flow management, ATM VP protection, Ethernet access, alarm management, performance management, system management, and the equipment maintenance management. With all of these functions and features, the transmission network management system provides a unified management of the multi-service transmission equipment.
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System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1.3 Features
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) inherits the strengths of the OptiX series optical transmission equipment of Huawei. It has powerful cross-connect capacity, abundant tributary access capability, and excellent performance. It draws on the technological achievements in the SDH field and the experiences in the development of data communication products. It adopts a series of proprietary ASICs, which increases the integration degree of the equipment. It features the following: A lot of service interfaces The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides:
(1) SDH interfaces (STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16) (2) Plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) interfaces (E1, E1/T1, E3/T3, and E4) (3) 64K/E1-rate DDN interfaces (4) STM-1 ATM O/E interfaces (5) 10/100BASE-T, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX Ethernet interface
Built-in Ethernet ring technology To bring higher transmission efficiency, less complexity, and lower cost to the Ethernet service transmission, Huawei has a built-in Ethernet ring transmission solution. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) that incorporates the Ethernet ring functional module is able to transmit one particular type of service in the most appropriate and efficient way. The introduction of the Ethernet ring technology into the system optimizes the transmission network. The carriers can smoothly upgrade the legacy infrastructure to maintain the previous investment and yield maximized profits. DDN service access and grooming One subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can simultaneously access a maximum of 64 E1, 16 N 64 K and 16 SHDSL DDN services, and the 64 K service cross-connect grooming capability is 60 32. Large access capacity One subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) equipment has a maximum access capacity of 96 STM-1, and provides a maximum of the following external interfaces:
64 STM-1 ATM standard optical interface 64 x 10/100Base-T Ethernet electrical/optical interfaces 12 x 1000Base-SX/LX Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 504 x E1/T1 standard interfaces 24 x E3/T3 standard interface 32 x E4 standard interface 48 x STM-1 standard optical interfaces
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System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
(8) 32 x STM-1 standard electrical interfaces (9) 16 x STM-4 standard optical interfaces (10) 6 x STM-16 standard optical interfaces
The above is the maximum number of interfaces that the equipment can provide. In addition it can also provide different combinations of the above interfaces. Flexible service configuration The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be flexibly configured as TM (Terminal Multiplexer) or ADM (Add/Drop Multiplexer). One NE (Network Element) can be configured either as a single STM-16 TM or ADM; or as an MADM with STM-1, STM-4 and/or STM-16 ADMs of a multi-system cross-connect capability. A complete series of STM-16 optical interfaces The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides STM-16 series optical interfaces based on ITU-T G.652 fiber, including ITU-T S-16.1, L-16.2, and L-16.1 optical interfaces. It also provides ITU-T V-16.2 and U-16.2 optical interfaces through EDFA. The needs for different transmission distances are satisfied. It provides the Le-16.2 optical interface that can achieve repeaterless transmission distance of 100 km. In addition it provides the G.692-compliant, standard wavelength optical interface to access the optical signals into the DWDM system for a flexible configuration of the transmission bandwidth. Multiple ultra long-haul transmission solutions The transmission distance of the system can be extended by using optical fiber amplifier (OFA). The OFA includes booster amplifier (BA) and preamplifier (PA). Direct access of signals through PDH interfaces The main subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) directly provides PDH interfaces. Each NE can be accessed with 504 x E1 or E1/T1 standard interfaces or 24 x E3/T3 standard interfaces. In addition, more PDH interfaces can be provided through extended subracks. A lot of auxiliary interfaces Several data interfaces are available for the user with its powerful overhead processing capability:
(1) Three 2-wire analog telephone interfaces for the orderwire communication in the regenerator section and the multiplex section. (2) Four customer-defined asynchronous RS-232/RS-422 data interfaces. (3) One 64 kbit/s equidirectional data interface for accessing F1 byte. (4) Two (transmit & receive) 2MHz or 2Mbit/s external synchronous clock interfaces. (5) F&f interface. (6) OAM interface. (7) Analog telephone ports connection to establish orderwire communication, or
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System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Ethernet interfaces connection to establish DCC communication, for two networks without fiber connection.
(8) Analog audio interface, and asynchronous data interfaces (RS-232, and RS-422) provided through TDA (box-shaped audio data access equipment).
Powerful ECC processing capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is equipped with powerful processors. It is possible to have a processing capability of up to 20 channels of ECC. It is adequate for complex networking. It supports the transmission of the ECC management information by the D1D12 bytes with three modes available, D1D3, D7D9, and D4D12. The monitoring and management information of other vendors can be transmitted transparently with the D4D12 bytes. Network development oriented capacity expansion capability PDH/SDH interface board of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts a compatibility- and integration-based design. The equipment can be configured into STM-4 or STM-16 system, while the STM-4 system can be upgraded to the STM-16 system. In the network planning, users can be concerned only with the initial capacity of the system and minimize the initial investment, and upgrade and capacity expansion can be made in the future on a demand basis. In addition to the original SDH service, ATM and Ethernet services can be added to the system to realize transmission on a multi-service platform. Outstanding interface jitter performance The superb performance of the 2048kbit/s interface is attributable to the proprietary mapping/demapping chip, bit leakage technology and autosensing filtering algorithm of Huawei. It makes the mapping jitter and combined jitter of the 2048kbit/s interfaces far better than the indices designated in ITU-T Recommendation G.783. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) transports GSM, SS7, data communication, and other types of traffic with a high QoS. Outstanding clock synchronization performance The state-of-the-art high precision crystals are used as the internal oscillation source. The timing system adopts digital signal processor (DSP) and autosensing digital filter algorithm that ensures the full compliance of the specifications with ITU-T Recommendation G.813. The timing system can work under locked mode, holdover mode and free-run mode. When it works under the locked mode, the line, tributary or external clock source can be selected as reference clock source. The clock selection function of various priorities and the use of S1 byte ensure the reliable operation of the network timing system. Besides, the timing system also provides synchronous status message (SSM) function. Excellent EMC performance OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is designed based on the ETS 300 386 series and the ETS 300 127 of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and has passed
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1.4 Functionality
1. Powerful Multi-System Capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has a powerful cross-connect capability. The cross-connect matrix of equipment includes a higher-order cross-connect matrix of 128 x 128 VC-4 and a lower-order cross-connect matrix of 2016 x 2016 VC-12. Supported by the large-capacity cross-connect matrix and software functions, it can for multiple TMs or ADMs on a single subrack. It supports service grooming and protection between the multiple systems. With powerful cross-connect capability, it can be used as a medium-capacity local cross-connect system. It enhances the networking and inter-network service grooming capabilities of the equipment considerably. When it is inserted with the XCL cross-connect board with a 48 x 48 VC-4 higher-order cross-connect matrix (1008 x 1008 VC-12 lower-order cross-connect matrix), one single subrack has 48 x STM-1 access capability. It makes the system fit for medium and small-sized local network with its ideal prize/performance ratio. 2. ATM Service Processing Capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) processes the STM-1 ATM services at the ATM layer, supports ATM service protection through VP-Ring, and supports the bandwidth convergence function of multiple ports and statistical multiplexing of the transmission bandwidth to improve the transmission bandwidth utility. It provides maximum 64 x STM-1 ATM optical interfaces (single-mode and multi-mode). It supports: The access and processing of the CBR, nrt-VBR, rt-VBR, and UBR services The UNI/NNI interfaces The CAC function The PVC and switching of VP The point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections, spatial multicast (for different ports), and logical multicast (for the same port), with maximum 4k connections Maximum five multicast groups The OAM cell based CC, F4 flows The layered protection at the ATM layer and the SDH layer, with the 1+1 one-ended protection of the ATM layer VP-Ring The VPG function, with maximum 2 k VPGs
1-9
System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The line transmission at the STM-1 level maximum when it is 1+1 VP-Ring protection at the ATM layer The performance and alarm at the SDH layer and the ATM layer, the performance and alarm at ATM ports 3. Ethernet Service Processing Capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the Layer 2 processing and switching function of the Ethernet service and realizes the convergence of the Ethernet ports and the sharing of the ring bandwidth. It provides maximum 64 x 10/100BASE-T (electrical interfaces) or 64 x 100BASE-FX (optical interfaces). The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides 12 1000BASE-SX/LX (optical interface). The interfaces characteristics in compliance with IEEE 802.3. 4. For an ET1 board, the Ethernet service can be mapped to 48 x E1, and the number can be configured flexibly. It supports: IEEE 802.1Q standards The configuration of 4 k virtual local area networks (VLANs) The service isolation with ports and VLAN label, and the flexible bandwidth configuration of VLAN-based users The static route setting according to ports and VLAN label, and the secondary switching of VLAN and MAC (8 k MAC addresses supported), with the self-learning and manual configuration functions of the MAC address table Spanning tree protocol (STP) to avoid broadcast storm for closed-loop network connections, and to possibly bring about connection backup The configuration and query of user priority with the IP TOS byte and VLAN The IEEE 802.3X flow control (possible to set the flow control function of the port) The alarm and the traffic statistics of the Ethernet interface The convergence function The SDH multiplex section and path protection The alarm and performance monitoring of VC-12 The statistics function of the Ethernet interface RMON For an EMS1 board, the Ethernet service can be mapped to 24 x VC-3, or 18 x VC-3 plus 126 x VC-12, and the number can be configured flexibly. It supports: Access for 1 channel of 1000BASE-SX/LX Ethernet service and 8 channels of 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX.
1-10
System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Point-to-point transparent transmission, point-to-multi-point transparent transmission and multi-point-to-multi-point transmission (bridge service). L2 VPN function, namely Ethernet private line (EPL) service, Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) service, Ethernet private LAN (EPLn/EPLAN) service and Ethernet virtual private LAN (EVPLn/EVPLAN) service. MPLS encapsulated datagram processing and common Ethernet datagram processing. Encapsulation/decapsulation of GFP, GFP encapsulation is compliant with ITU-T G.7041 Standard. Maximum of 24 x VC-Trunk, with each comprising a maximum of 12 x VC-3 or 63 x VC-12. For an EFS0 board, the most of its functionality is largely the same with the EMS1. The differences are as following: EFS0 board can not access Gigabit Ethernet service. Mapping a maximum of 12 x VC-3 or 6 x VC-3 plus 126 x VC-12 for EFS0 board. For the Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 processing board, the EGT board, it can provide two 1000BASE-SX/LX ports, with each port: Supporting the LAPS protocol to encapsulate the data frame Having the flow control function for the Ethernet port and SDH side Providing the functions of data frame flow statistics, monitoring and alarming Supporting transparent transmission of the Ethernet service For the Gigabit Ethernet VC4/VC-3 transparent transmission process board, the EGT2 board, it can provide 2 x 1000Base-LX/SX multimode/single-mode optical interface. Each interface can configure 18 VC-4s or 124 VC-3 with the smallest granularity of one VC-3 in maximum. The addition of the bandwidth of the two interfaces does not exceed 8 VC-4s. The maximum bandwidth is 1.25 Gbit/s. For the 100 M Ethernet VC-3/VC-12 transparent transmission board, the EFT board, it can access 8 channels of fast Ethernet services, which realizes the transparent transmission of fast Ethernet service by adopting technologies like HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol and concatenation. It supports the virtual concatenation at VC-3 or VC-12 level. Support a maximum of 8 x VC-trunk. Each port has a fixed corresponding VC-trunk. It supports 12 x VC-e or 63 x VC-12 in maximum with capacity of 622 Mbit/s. 5. Flexible Networking Capability With the large-capacity cross-connect matrix, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can provide powerful networking capability to meet the requirements of complex networking in the
1-11
System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM central office. It supports multiple topologies, including point to point, chain, ring, hub, and mesh. 6. Ideal Protection Mechanism The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides both the equipment level and network level protections. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can provide the equipment level protection through redundancy hot backup of the tributary, timing, and cross-connect units. It provides 1:8 equipment level protection for PDH processing boards (E1, T1, E3 and T3), 1:7 equipment level protection for the STM-1 SDH electrical interface boards and 1:8 equipment level protection for DDN service boards. On a subrack, it also supports multiple TPS protection groups (a maximum of 4) protected simultaneously by the E1/T1, E3/T3, and E4/STM-1 interfaces. Under abnormal working conditions (power overvoltage/undervoltage or excessively high working temperature), the equipment provides related protective measures. The protection at the network level includes SDH layer protection and ATM layer protection. The SDH layer protection includes: 1+1 and 1:N linear multiplex section protection Two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section dedicated protection ring Two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring Four-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring Two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring Two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring Subnetwork connection multi-path protection (SNCMP) Shared fiber virtual trail protection The mature and completed SDH protection mechanism is still used for the PDH service, ATM service monopolizing VC-4 and cascaded VC-4-4c bandwidth, and Ethernet service. For the ATM service that needs shared transmission bandwidth, the ITU-T I.630-compliant VP Ring protection mechanism is adopted. Based on the SDH layer protection mechanism, the data link layer protection is added. The layered protection of the services is formed to meet the requirements of different networking applications. For the Ethernet service, the Ethernet ring networking protection mode is used to realize double protection, that is, the conventional SDH transmission layer protection system can be used to protect data services and the Ethernet ring technology can also be used for corresponding protection to improve the security of the Ethernet service.
1-12
System Overview
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM 7. Network Management System with Perfect Functions The transport network management system OptiX iManager perform integrated OAM for the complex network constructed with the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems to realize the configuration and grooming of circuits and ensure the normal running of the network. 8. Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Function It inputs 2 x 48 V/60 V power supplies and monitors the specific values of voltage as well as the overvoltage and undervoltage (serious undervoltage, minor undervoltage, minor overvoltage, serious overvoltage). It provides alarm input/output function. The alarm input function realizes the remote monitoring of the user environment, and the alarm output function realizes the centralized monitoring of alarms in various devices by connecting to the alarm interface of the centralized alarm system. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) protects the board power supply system through centralized backup and dispersed power supply to improve the safety of equipment operation. 9. Ideal SSM Management Function The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides SSM management function of the synchronous clock. It helps the system to avoid timing loop during the clock switching. With this function, when the synchronous timing signal traced by the system degrades, the downstream nodes can switch over the input clock source or change into holdover working status timely. It is not necessary that the downstream nodes respond only when the synchronous timing signals are detected to be over the deterioration threshold. In this way the synchronous operation quality of the entire network is improved. Additionally the SSM management function can simplify the planning and design of the synchronous network. The NE clock also has perfect SSM management function. Its external synchronous clock input interface can directly receive the synchronous information of the external timing equipment. The clock output by the synchronous clock output interface also has the SSM function and can set flexibly the bits where SSM in 2048 kbit/s is located. The interconnection with the equipment of other manufacturers is convenient. Besides, it can set SSM thresholds of various NEs, and facilitates the management of the synchronous network. 10. Tone and Asynchronous Data Processing Ability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides analog tone interface, and RS-232, RS-422, and other asynchronous data interfaces apart from the PDH interface. They provides the users with functions to directly transmit SDH transmission network based subrate services that range extensively from paging, saving data, charging information, power environment monitoring information, microwave equipment monitoring information to the NM information of the transmission equipment of other vendors.
1-13
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
2 Functionality
2.1 Overview
The functional architecture of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Figure 2-1. The IU processing board is slot compatible with SDH & PDH processing boards, and the broadband service processing board (ATM/Ethernet processing board). The LTU interface board is slot compatible with the interface board and bridge board corresponding to the IU processing board slot (for TPS function).
2-1
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
IU1 IU2 IU3 IU4 IU5 IU6 SDH cross-connect and synchronous timing units (XCS board)
IU7 IU8 IU9 IU10 IU11 IU12 IU slot processing board Auxiliary interface unit (AIU board) Auxiliary interfaces System control & communitations processing unit (SCC board) Switch control unit LTU9 LTU10 LTU11 LTU12 LTU slot interface board
Timing unit
Manageme nt interface
External unit
The slot assignment of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Figure 2-2. The numbers of slots for different boards are listed as follows: System control & communication and overhead processing board (SCC) slot: 1 Cross-connect and synchronous timing boards (XCS) slot: 2; IU processing board slot: 12 LTU interface board slot: 8 Equipment protection slot (IUP): 1 Protection switching driving slot (LPDR): 1 Protection switching control slot (EIPC): 1 Power backup slot (PBU): 1 Fan box (FAN): 1 For cable outlet, the interfacing of circuit boards of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has two modes. One is through the blank panels on the IU processing boards (such as most of the SDH processing boards), and the other is with the assistance of LTU slot (PDH processing board, part of the Ethernet processing boards, and ATM processing board).
2-2
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
I I I I I I X X I I U U U U U U C C U U 1/P 2 3 4 5 6 S S 7 8
I I I I S I U U U U C U 9 10 11 12 C P
(1)
F B 1 / L P D R L T U 12 L T U 11 L T U 10 L T U 9 L T U 4 L T U 3 L T U 2 L T U 1 / F B 2
E I P C
P B U
(2)
(1) Slot assignment in the front view in the subrack front compartment (2) Interface area in the subrack back compartment Figure 2-2 Slot layout of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)
Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of IU processing boards are listed in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of IU processing board
Board
S16 SD4 SL4 SL1 SD1 SQ1
Function description
STM-16 optical interface unit 2 x STM-4 optical interface board STM-4 optical interface unit STM-1 optical interface unit 2 x STM-1 optical interface board 4 x STM-1 optical interface board
Available slot
IU4-9 IU4-9 IU1-12 IU1-12 IU1-12 IU3-10
Transfer mode
IU IU IU IU IU IU
Processing ability
16 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 1 x STM-1 2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1
2-3
Functionality Board
SDE SQE SPQ4 PL3 PD1 PQ1 PM1 PQM DX1 AL1 ET1 EMS1 EFS0 EFT EGT2 EGT BA2/BPA
Available slot
IU1-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-IU4, IU9-IU12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU4, IU9 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU4-9 IU4-9 Even-numbered slots
Transfer mode
IU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU and IU LTU LTU IU IU IU
Processing ability
2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 1 x STM-1 32 x E1 63 x E1 32 x E1/T1 63 x E1/T1 48 x E1 4 x STM-1 48 x E1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 0 x STM-1
Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of LTU interface board are listed in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of LTU transfer board
Board
E75S E12S C34B
Function description
63 x 75 ohm E1 connecting switching unit 63 x 120 ohm E1 connecting switching unit 3 x E3/T3 electrical interface board
Available slot
LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8
Supporting board
PD1/PQ1 PM1/PQM PL3
2-4
Functionality Board
C34S LPSW LPDR DM12 AOO1 AOQ1 EMT8 EMF8 EMF4 FB1 FB2
Available slot
LTU1-8 LTU1-8 FB1/LPDR LTU1-LTU8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 FB1/LPDR LTU1/FB2
Supporting board
PL3 SQE/SPQ4 SQE/SPQ4 DX1 AL1 AL1 ET1/EMS1/EFS0 ET1/EMS1/EFS0 ET1/EMS1/EFS0
The functional units with the boards of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) and their features are listed in Table 2-3.
2-5
Functionality
Table 2-3 Functional units of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Unit function
Included boards
SDH processing board SDH interface unit S16, SL4, SD4, SL1, SD1, SQ1, SDE, SQE, SPQ4
Unit function
Access and process the optical signals of STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 rates and the VC-4-4c concatenated optical/electrical signal.
Interface unit
75 line protection drive board 75 line protection switching board PDH processing board PDH interface board
LPDR LPSW PD1, PQ1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SPQ4 E75S, E12S, C34B, LPSW EIPC
Interface unit
Electrical interface switching control board Backplane E1 cable connection board DDN processing board DDN interface board ATM processing board ATM interface board Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 processing board 100 Mbit/s Ethernet VC-12 processing board 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface board
Access and process the electrical signals of E1, T1, E3, T3, and E4 rates.
FB1, FB2
Support TPS function by leading the signals to the protection bus. Access and process the DDN signals of Frame E1, 64 K and SHDSL, and groom the 64 K services on a cross-connect basis Access and process the ATM optical/electrical signals of STM-1 rate. Access and process the 1000BASE-SX/LX Ethernet optical signal. Access and process the 10/100BASE-T Ethernet electrical signal or the 100 BASE-FX optical signal.
ET1, ET1S
2-6
EMS1
Interface unit
EFS0
EMT8, EMF8, EMF4 Support the accessing of 12 x tone signals, 4 x RS-232 signal, and 4 x RS-422 signal. BA2 and BPA are board-shaped, and COA is built externally. Implement the cross-connect of SDH and PDH signals, and provide clock reference to the system. Provide interface between the system and the NM, and process the SDH signal overhead. Supply backup power for the boards with the power module failed Implement the software and hardware control function for the electrical interface protection. Provide maintenance and power supply interfaces (for example, RS-232 and orderwire)
TDA
SCC
EIPC
SFU, PIU
2-7
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
2-8
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
AOO1 supports eight ATM single-mode/multimode optical interface (LC/PC connector). AOO1 can access 8 x STM-1 ATM services. AOQ1 provides eight ATM single-mode/multimode optical interface (LC/PC connector). AOQ1can access 4 x STM-1 ATM services. AOO1 and AOQ1 support single-mode interface automatic shutdown function.
2-9
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM multicast route learning function. It dynamically configures the multicast function. It supports the path protection for multiple VC-12s that bound with Ethernet services through VC trunk. It supports the STP. It supports the IEEE802.3X flow control, and it is able to set the flow control and the attributes of the port. It provides link pass through (LPT). In the case of service cut, it can detect such fault and instruct the connected equipment (such as router) to open the standby trail. In this way, the normal transmission of important data is maintained. 2. Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 Switching Processing Board (EMS1) The EMS1 board is the fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet switching processing board in the Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 interface unit. It adopts GFP-F/LAPS/HDLC and bundles multiple physical channels (VC-12/VC-3) into a single logic channel (VC-Trunk channel) for service transmission. The EMS1 board has the following functions: It accesses 1 x 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet service and 8 x 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet services which occupy 8 x VC-4. The maximum SDH-side bandwidth available is 1.25 Gbit/s. It supports the function of auto-negotiation in the physical layer complying with IEEE 802.3u protocol. It supports point-to-point transparent transmission, point-to-multipoint transparent transmission and multipoint-to-multipoint transmission (bridge service). It implements Layer 2 VPN function, namely Ethernet private line (EPL) service, Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) service, Ethernet private LAN (EPLn/EPLAN) service and Ethernet virtual private LAN (EVPLn/EVPLAN) service. It supports Layer 2 switch of Ethernet data, and enables MAC address learning and item updating. It supports MAC address filtering (blacklist function, including DA and SA), namely forbids the services of the subscriber listed in the blacklist to forward. It supports multicast and broadcast. It supports MPLS encapsulated datagram processing and common Ethernet datagram processing. It supports the LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/ decapsulation of packets. GFP encapsulation is compliant with ITU-T G.7041 Standard. LAPS protocol is compliant with ITU-TX.86 Standard.
2-10
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM It supports VC-3-level or VC-12-level concatenation. Supports a maximum of 24 x VC-Trunk. Each VC-Trunk comprises a maximum of 12 x VC-3 or 63 x VC-12. It supports a maximum of 24 x VC-3, or 126 x VC-12 plus 18 x VC-3(VC-3 and VC-12 can be configured), offering a total capacity of 1.25 Gbit/s. It supports VLAN divided by port-based, which is compliant with IEEE 802.1q and IEEE 802.1p. Totally 4096 VLANs can be made available. It Supports IEEE 802.3x-compliant flow control. It offers a port-based committed access rate (CAR) of 64 kbit/s. It provides link pass through (LPT). In the case of service cut, it can detect such fault and instruct the connected equipment (such as router) to open the standby trail. In this way, the normal transmission of important data is maintained. 3. Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 Switching Processing Board (EFS0) EFS0 board is also Ethernet board as EMS1 board, which implements the access and convergence of the Ethernet service. The functionality of the EFS0 board is largely the same with that of the EMS1 board. The differences between them are compared in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Comparison of EFS0 and EMS1
Comparison
Uplink bandwidth Can it access Gigabit Ethernet? Optical interface in the front panel Interface board Slot
EMS1
8 VC4 Yes 1 x 1000 Mbit/s optical interface EMT8/EMF8/EMF4 IU4, IU9
EFS0
4 VC4 No Null EMT8/EMF8/EMF4 IU1IU4, IU9IU12
4. Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 Processing Board (EGT) The EGT is responsible for the accessing of the Gigabit Ethernet service and the point-to-point transparent transmission. The functions are as follows: Each EGT board provides two 1000Base-LX/SX optical interfaces (which supports hot swappable and single-mode/multimode). The maximum transmission bandwidth of each port can be flexibly configured as 18 VC-4. The minimum granularity is one VC-4, and the sum of the bandwidth of the two ports is not larger than eight VC-4.
2-11
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Each EGT board can serve maximally two independent user groups (IUGs). Each EGT board has a RMON module that can provide the statistics, report, and alarm functions of the frame traffic. The electrical characteristics of the Ethernet interfaces of the EGT board comply with IEEE 802.3. It supports the transparent transmission of the IP/IPX network layer protocols. The optical interface of the EGT board adopts front access. It does not need an assistant interface board and can be used directly. It also provides a swappable GE optical interface with a GigaBit interface converter (GBIC). It provides traffic control function on the Ethernet access side for the accessed Gigabit Ethernet service. It supports the IEEE 802.3X-compliant flow control by setting such function at the port. 5. 100 Mbit/s Ethernet Interface Board (EMT8, EMF8, and EMF4) The EMT8, EMF8 and EMF4 boards are the Ethernet service interface board of the Ethernet interface unit, and they have the following functions: EMT8 supports the access of 8 x 10/100BASE-T Ethernet services. It supports port autosensing as well as port full-duplex and half-duplex. EMF8 supports the access of 8 x 100Base-FX Ethernet services. It provides multi-mode optical interfaces . EMF4 supports the access of 4 x 100Base-FX Ethernet services. It provides single-mode/multi-mode optical interfaces and supports the automatic shutdown function of the single-mode optical interface. 6. Gigabit Ethernet VC4/VC-3 Transparent Transmission Process Board (EGT2) The EGT2 board accesses 2 channels of Gigabit Ethernet services. It realizes the point-to-point transparent transmission of Gigabit Ethernet service by adopting technologies like HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol and concatenation. Provides 2 x 1000Base-LX/SX multimode/single-mode optical interface (adopt the hot swappable GBIC optical module). Each interface can configure 18 VC-4s or 124 VC-3 with the smallest granularity of one VC-3 in maximum. The addition of the bandwidth of the two interfaces does not exceed 8 VC-4s. The maximum bandwidth is 1.25 Gbit/s. Support the point-to-point pure transparent transmission based on Gigabit
2-12
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Encapsulate/Decapsulate the Ethernet data with standard HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol. Support G.707 VC-4 concatenation protocol, the concatenation at VC-4 and VC-3 level. Support LCAS protocol; realize the capacity adjustment in concatenated links. 7. 100M Ethernet VC-3/VC-12 Transparent Transmission Board (EFT) Process 8 channels of fast Ethernet services. Support the virtual concatenation at VC-3 or VC-12 level. Support a maximum of 8 x VC-trunk. Each port has a fixed corresponding VC-trunk. Support 12 x VC-3 or 9 x VC-3 and 63 x VC-12 in maximum with capacity of 622 Mbit/s. Realize the port-based Ethernet point-to-point transparent transmission. Encapsulate/Decapsulate the Ethernet data with standard HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol. Support LCAS protocol, and realize the capacity adjustment in concatenated links. Support the isolation of data port. Support the JUMBO frame with 9600 bytes in maximum. Support link pass through (LPT). Support testing frame.
2-13
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM DWDM transmission requirements). Therefore, in accessing the DWDM system, the wavelength conversion unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be saved. It provides Le-16.2 interface, which can expand the repeater less transmission distance to 90 km. S16 is a single STM-16 optical interface unit. It supports the transmission of STM-4c. The interface characteristics of STM-16 synchronous optical interface unit are shown in Table 2-5.
Table 2-5 Characteristics of STM -16 optical interface unit I-16 S16 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1 Le-16.2 L-16.2 U-16.2 V-16.2 SC/PC
2. STM-4 Synchronous Optical Interface Unit (SD4, SL4) It provides four types of optical interfaces: ITU-T S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2 and Ve-4.2. It provides one STM-4 optical interface unit (SL4) and a dual STM-4 optical interface unit (SD4). It supports the transmission of STM-4c. The interface characteristics of STM-4 optical interface unit are listed in Table 2-6.
Table 2-6 Characteristics of STM-4 optical interface unit S-4.1 SL4 SD4 L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 SC/PC
3. STM-1 Synchronous Optical Interface Unit (SQ1, SD1, SD1) Interface characteristics of STM-1 optical interface unit are listed in Table 2-7. It can provide SL1 board for the single STM-1 optical interface unit, SD1 board for the dual STM-1 optical interface unit, and SQ1 board for the quad STM-1 optical interface unit.
Table 2-7 Characteristics of STM-1 optical interface unit Ie-1 SD1 I-1 S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 SC/PC
2-14
Functionality
SQ1 SL1
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
4. STM-1 Electrical Interface Unit (SDE, SQE) SDE provides dual STM-1 electrical interface, and SQE provides 4 x STM-1 electrical interface. It provides 75 unbalanced interface, with the interface characteristics in compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.703. SQE provides electrical interface through the coaxial connector on the LPSW board in the LTU slot in the back of the subrack, and SDE provides electrical interface through the coaxial connector on the front panel. The coaxial cables provided along with the equipment are used, with maximum transmission distance reaching 70 m (the attenuation of the 155 Mbit/s signals on it is 12.7 dB). SQE implements the 1:N (N7) equipment protection through the protection function of the electrical interfaces. When SQE works as the redundant board in the equipment protection, it is inserted in the IUP slot, and the LPDR board should be configured as a drive to fulfill the protection. 5. E4/STM-1 Electrical Unit (SPQ4) SPQ4 provides 4 x E4/STM-1 electrical interface. SPQ4 provides 75 unbalanced interface, with the interface characteristics in compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.703. SPQ4 provides electrical interface through the coaxial connector on the LPSW board in the LTU slot. SPQ4 can protect SQE as protection board. The coaxial cables provided along with the equipment are used, with maximum transmission distance reaching 70 m (the attenuation of the 155 Mbit/s signals on it is 12.7 dB). The working mode of SPQ4 can be set through software. Each channel can be set separately, with the default working mode being E4. SPQ4 supports 1:7 TPS function (E4 and STM-1 protected at the same time) SPQ4 implements the 1:N (N7) equipment protection through the protection function of the electrical interfaces. When SQE works as the redundant board in the equipment protection, it is inserted in the IUP slot, and the LPDR board should be configured as a drive to fulfill the protection.
2-15
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM 6. Optical Interface Physical Parameter Checking Functions The physical interface parameter checking functions that are supported by different types of optical interfaces are listed in Table 2-8.
2-16
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Table 2-9 lists the protection characteristics of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) PDH interface.
Table 2-9 Protection characteristics of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) PDH tributary interface
Interface rate
T1 E1 E3/T3 E4
Tributary protection
1. E1 Interface Unit (PD1, PQ1, PM1, and PQM) The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports E1 and T1 asynchronous mapping modes defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.703. It maps E1 or T1 signals into VC-12 in an asynchronous manner. Specific functions provided by E1 and T1 interface units are mentioned below: Two types of E1 interface units, PD1 and PQ1, are provided. PD1 board enables the configuration of 32 E1 interfaces; PQ1 board enables the configuration of 63 E1 interfaces. If all IU1IU4 and IU9IU12 slots are inserted with PQ1, the single subrack enables the adding/dropping of a maximum of 504 E1s. When used as the redundant unit for equipment protection, PD1/PQ1 is inserted in protection slot IUP or IU1/P. Both PQ1 and PD1 provide 75 unbalanced and 120 balanced interfaces (different boards are used in different interfaces), and the interface characteristics completely comply with the indices as per ITU-T Recommendation G.703. PM1 and PQM that have T1 and E1 compatible interfaces are provided. PM1 can be configured to have 32 E1 or T1, and PQM can be configured to have 63 E1 or T1 interfaces. If all IU1IU4 and IU9IU12 slots are inserted with PQM, the single subrack enables the adding/dropping of a maximum of 504 E1s. When used as the redundant unit for equipment protection, PQM is inserted in protection slot IUP or IU1/P. PM1 and PQM provide 120 balanced E1 interface and 100 balanced T1 interface. It processes the VC-12 path overhead; configures, monitors the alarms as well as performance on a per path basis and communicates with the SCC unit. Electrical interfaces of E1/T1 interface unit are accessed through the interface board or protection interface board on LTU slot. In order to coordinate with E1 and T1 interface units of different specifications, different types of interface boards or protection interface boards should be adopted. Table 11 lists the selection principle for interface boards or protection interface boards and the transmission distances for different interfaces.
2-17
Functionality
Table 2-10 75 unbalanced and 100/120 balanced interface board
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Interface type
75 unbalanced
100/120 balanced
Note: For the functions of E75S and E12S, refer Figure 2-2
2. E3/T3 Interface Unit (PL3) The PL3 board provides the following functions: PL3 supports the G.703-compliant asynchronous mapping from E3/T3 to VC-3. One single PL3 board can process 3 x E3/T3 simultaneously, and one single subrack can provide maximum 24 E3/T3 interfaces. The interface type of E3/T3 is 75 unbalanced interface, and its characteristics comply with ITU-T Recommendation G.703. PL3 processes the VC-3 channel overhead, and is responsible for the configuration of each service channel, the monitoring of alarm and performance, and the communication with the SCC. PL3 can use the outloop and inloop functions to test the quality of the E3/T3 service, or locate faults. The E3/T3 working mode of the PL3 can be set through software. PL3 supports 1:8 TPS function. The PL3 board can be inserted in the IU1IU4 and IU9IU12 slots. When used as redundant unit for equipment protection, PL3 as protection board can be inserted in the IUP slot. The related electrical interfaces are connected with the transfer and switching board in the LTU slot in the subrack. If the coaxial cables that are provided with the equipment are used, the transmission distance reaches 140 m maximally (the attenuation of the E3/T3 signal on the cable of the said length is 12 dB). If the attenuation range of the input E3/T3 signal exceeds 6 dB in actual practice, it needs to
2-18
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM activate the input equalizer on the PL3 board. If it is less than 6 dB, the equalizer is shut down. For the cables of different lengths, the corresponding configurations are listed in Table 2-11.
Interface type
Attenuation value
06 dB 612 dB
Configuration description
Shut down the equalizer Activate the equalizer
75 unbalanced
C34B/C34S 70140 m
Note: For the functions of C34B and C34S, please refer to Table 2-2.
2-19
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The DDN interface unit provides a lot of alarm and performance events and supports reporting of service alarms and abnormal performance events.
2.2.6 Tone and Data Access Unit & RS-232/RS-422 Interface Unit
The tone and data access unit (TDA) of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) series equipment is an external board. It features flexible networking, subrack slot-independent, and possible external clock reference. It provides 2-wire/4-wire audio interfaces as well as standard asynchronous RS-232 and RS-422 interfaces. 1. Function of TDA Each multi-interface tone and data access board can simultaneously process 12 2-wire tone dedicated line signals, four RS-232 interface signals, and four RS-422 interface signals. Each two 2-wire interfaces can be configured as a 4-wire interface, and mixed configuration of 4-wire and 2-wire interfaces is supported. If eight multi-interface tone and data access boards are concatenated, each single station can add/drop up to 96 tone interface signals, 32 RS-232 interface signals, and 32 RS-422 interface signals. The type of the tone interface is the 600 balanced interface. Feed mode and non-feed mode are provided to the user equipment, the default setting being the non-feed mode. Data interfaces RS-232 and RS-422 are asynchronous interfaces, with maximum transmission rate at 19.2 kbit/s. TDA communicates with the host through the RS-232 serial port (marked RS232-1) through the F&f interface on the subrack to report performance and alarms. When TDA concatenation is needed to add/drop service, the RS-232 interface marked RS232-2 of TDA No. 1 and the RS-232 interface marked RS232-1 of TDA No. 2 are concatenated. The two TDAs communicate with the SCC through the RS-232 interface marked RS232-1 of TDA No.1 and the F&f interface on the subrack. Table 2-12 lists the interface transfer boards used by the tone and data interface units as well as the transmission distances.
Table 2-12 Tone and data interface transfer boards
Interface type
tone interface RS-232 asynchronous interface RS-422 asynchronous interface
Transmission distance
4000 m 15 m 1000 m
In addition to the above functions, the TDA board also provides the following
2-20
Functionality functions:
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
It can trace and access the external timing signals or service clock as the reference timing source. It can also report the clock state periodically. It provides software-activated inloop and outloop of the tributary path. It communicates through the RS-232/RS-422 interfaces with the host and the NM of the Huawei transmission equipment. It also reports the tributary alarms and performance events, and receives the commands issued by the NM. The configurations can be saved. That is, it can stop communicating with the host and the NM after it saves the commands. 2. Features of TDA Tone interface One TDA has 12 tone signal interfaces, with the specifications in compliance with relevant standards. As the TDA is used in the dedicated line mode, the tone interfaces can apply one of the two modes, feed and non-feed, and the default setting is the non-feed mode. The feed mode is software controlled. The tone interfaces of the TDA do not contain signaling, ringing, and hook-off check information, and do not support telephone calls. All services are configured through the NM to set up semi-permanent connection. TDA services can be configured as tone point-to-point bidirectional dedicated line mode, tone point-to-multipoint unidirectional broadcasting mode, and data point-to-point bidirectional mode. The matching impedance of the tone interface is 600 . The input frequency of the tone signal ranges 3003400 Hz. The tone transmission features are in compliance with relevant standards. Two 2-wire tone interfaces can be concatenated as a 4-wire interface, with the interface specifications the same as those of the 2-wire tone interfaces. Data interface One TDA provides four RS-232 and four RS-422 asynchronous serial interfaces. Currently RS-232 is the most widely used standard serial interface. The RS-232 interface signals of the TDA are Rx (receive), Tx (transmit) and GND (ground). The level of the RS-232 signals adopts negative logic. Any voltage within +3 to +15V indicates logic "0", and any voltage within 3 to 15 V indicates logic "1". The transmission distance of the RS-232 signals is within 15 m, and the transmission rate is less than 19.2 kbit/s. The RS-422 serial interface adopts the Electric Specifications Standard for Balanced Voltage Digital Interface and adopts the twisted pair lines in signal transmission. It converts logic level into level difference through the driver, transmits the level difference signals to the receiver through the transmission lines, and converts the level difference into logic level. The signals of the RS-422 interface include Rx+, Rx-, Tx+ and Tx-. Each RS-422 channel uses two signal lines, one logic "1" and the other logic "0". The transmission distance of RS-422 signals can reach 1000 m, and the transmission rate is less than 19.2 kbit/s. E1 75 unbalanced interface
2-21
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The interface is in compliance with the ITU-T Recommendation G.703. The E1 signal format is HDB3 code, and the rate is 2.048 Mbit/s.
32 x VC-4
96 x STM-1 access
32 x VC-4
For the services at interface side that enter the cross network, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the following cross-connection methods. 1. Direct Connection As illustrated in Figure 2-4, the line side service enters the cross-connect matrix from one side and is output in the same timeslot on the other side.
2-22
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Line
Line
2. Add/Drop As illustrated in Figure 2-5, the service from the line is dropped to the tributary in the specified timeslots, and the service from the tributary is added into the line in the configured timeslots. ADM NE provides service access in this mode. The timeslots added and dropped to the tributary by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are random, while all available timeslots can be distributed on the line. The timeslots and the direction of the services added and dropped can be the same or different.
W E
Line
Line
Tributary
3. Broadcast OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can drop line services simultaneously to a number of tributary timeslots, or add the tributary services to a number of line timeslots simultaneously, as shown in Figure 2-6 (a). Figure 2-6 (b) shows that the tributary services are assigned to a number of tributary timeslots. Figure 2-6 (c) shows the broadcasting of line services to a number of line timeslots. Figure 2-6 (d) shows the broadcasting of line services within the internal timeslots. The above methods can be done at the same time.
2-23
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
( a) Line-tributary
( b) Tributary-tributary
( c) Line-line
4. Loopback Loopback can be a line loopback or a tributary loopback. As shown Figure 2-7, line loopback refers to the process that line services go in the cross-connect matrix and go out in the same line timeslots. As shown in Figure 2-8, tributary loopback refers to the process that tributary services go in the cross-connect matrix and go out in the same tributary timeslots.
W E
Line
Line
Line
Line
Tributary
2-24
Functionality 5. Cross-Connect
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
As illustrated in Figure 2-9, the inter-line cross-connection is used in protection switching, service grooming and path selection. It enhances network capability and network survival capability. The cross-connection between line and tributary is used in equipment configuration, service adding/dropping, path selection and complex network topology as well. The cross-connection between tributary and line is used in service grooming and testing, supporting the low-level network topology and tributary service testing.
W E
Line
Line
Tributary
2-25
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM has SSM function, which can be interconnected with external timing equipment or the equipment from other vendors as well. Furthermore, NM can set the SSM thresholds of respective NEs of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), facilitating the management of synchronous networks. For the working principles of the SSM function, refer to section 2.5 Clock Synchronous Network Technology. 3. Working Mode The synchronous timing unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has three working modes:
(1) Tracking mode: It is the normal working mode. The NE can trace the timing sources from all lines, tributaries and from the two external timing sources. (2) Holdover mode: Upon the loss of timing reference, the NE uses the frequency information saved just before the timing reference loss as its timing reference, which is in compliance with relevant phase standard of Recommendation G.813. (3) Free-run mode: The NE works with the inherent frequency of its internal crystal oscillator. The accuracy is not less than 0.46 ppm.
4. Rich in Timing Sources When the equipment is operating under the tracking mode, the following synchronous timing sources can be selected as reference: Two 2048 kHz or two 2048 kbit/s (with SSM) G.703-compliant external synchronous timing sources; Any of the output timing reference source from the12 interface units in the IU slots (each interface board can provide four timing sources). There are altogether 51 clock input units.
2.2.9 SCC
1. Functionality and Principle The system control & communication unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) enables the management of the synchronous equipment and communication function. It provides the interface between the equipment and the network management system (NMS). All the functions are provided by SCC board. According to the ITU-T Recommendation G.783, the main functions accomplished by the SCC board and its specific structure are as illustrated in Figure 2-10.
2-26
Functionality
S17 S16
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1
S18 S19
SEMF
S15
V F interface MCF
Q interface
The principle block diagram of the SCC board is as shown in Figure 2-11.
Ethernet interface CPU Sn DCC interface N Interface board SOH
The two functional modules shown in the figures are explained below.
Circuit boards
F interface Q interface
NM terminal
Memory
2-27
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM targets also send other management information to the proxy or receive the management control information from the proxy. Management targets support transaction and memory, and expresses information in a uniform way. On the other hand, the proxy converts the information into common management information protocol service unit (CMISE) messages and responds to the CMISE messages sent from the manager. The proxy output and input information is sent to the message communication function (MCF) unit through the V reference point. In Figure 2-11, the CPU accomplishes the board configuration, performance & alarm data collection, switching control by the mailboxes of respective boards, realizing information exchange with respective boards and synchronous equipment management function.
2-28
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
NM
Other NE
Ethernet
OAM
ECC
Communication service
Operation system
Performance management
Configuration management
Alarm management
User management
Initialization
Board software
2-29
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The positions of X1, X2, X3/F2 and X4 in the frame structure are as shown in Figure 2-13. The orderwire telephones for equipment operations & maintenance and data terminal equipment (with the G.703-compliant 64 kbit/s equidirectional data interfaces and RS-232 & RS-422 interfaces) can be interconnected with the OptiX equipment at other data rates through overhead processing (for example, OptiX 155/622(Metro2050), OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), OptiX 155/622H(Metro1000) and OptiX BWS 320G). Different access modes are provided.
A1 B1 D1 AU-PTR B2 D4 D7 D10 S1
A1
A1
A2 E1 D2
A2
A2
J0 F1 D3 X1 X2
B2 X4
B2
K1 D5 D8 D11 M1
K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 X3
Figure 2-13 Undefined section overhead bytes corresponding the serial port of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)
The functions provided by orderwire telephone are as follows: Support dual-tone dialing Provide site selection call Conference call Subnetwork interconnection function: Provide the interconnection between the orderwire telephones of two adjacent subnetworks without optical fiber connection. Functions supported by serial data ports are as follows: Point-to-point data transmission Point-to-multipoint data transmission Data transparent transmission mode with a maximum rate of 19.2 kbit/s
2-30
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
2-31
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Active
Standby
Active
Active
Active
Standby
1:N protection
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the equipment-level service protection for the following functional modules: PDH processing board SDH processing board, SDH cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit Abnormality-specific service protection mode
2-32
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
switching bridge board
IU1
With the electrical interface protection function OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports 1:N interface protection of T1, E1, E3, T3, E4, and STM-1 electrical interfaces, that is, the electrical interface protection of the PD1, PQ1, PM1, PQM, DX1, PL3, SPQ4 and SQE boards is supported. One of the following protections is implemented: 1:N (N[8) protection of one set of E1/T1 1:N (N[8) protection of one set of E3/T3 1:N (N[7) protection of one set of E4/STM-1 electrical interfaces Simultaneously 1:N protection of one set of E1/T1 and 1:M protection of one set of STM-1 electrical interface, N + M [ 6
IU2
IUP
2-33
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM indicating abnormal performance of the active units or a switching command is sent by the NM, they will immediately take over the job of the active units, setting themselves into the active working mode and sending out a switchover alarm.
2-34
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
2-35
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Based on a dual-system design, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring. It also provides the ring switching as well as span switching functions. In the four-fiber working mode, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can also support the working mode of the two independent two-fiber MS switching rings. In this mode, one broken fiber will result in the switching of one two-fiber bidirectional MS switching ring without affecting the working of the other ring. This working mode enhances the reliability of the system significantly. 3. Path Protection The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports both the two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring and the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring and provides protection on a per path basis. Added/dropped services can be increased by choosing protection for some or all of the paths (the capacity ranges from N STM-1s to 2N STM-1s for the STM-N path rings). The quality of the path signals is evaluated by the path alarm signals (for example TU-AIS, TU-LOP) and the bit error status of the path signals. The switchover time of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is better than the 50ms switching time as stipulated in the ITU-T recommendations. The shorter switching time is attributable to the optimization of the system hardware and software for the path protection. This is of great importance to the traffic such as signaling, data, and video, which is bit error sensitive. The 1+1 mode of the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring is basically similar to that of the unidirectional protection ring, but the difference is that the returned signals move in a reverse direction. The main advantage of path protection is this. With no protection rings, or with the same ADM equipment used in a chain network, the paths can be re-used. This increases the total added/dropped services. This protection mode ensures route consistency for bidirectional services, which is rather important for delay sensitive services (such as video services).
2.4.2 SNCP
In the case of very complicated networks, subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) is the only applicable service protection mode. It is applicable for various network topologies and it features a faster switching speed. SNCP is a protection of path layer and is used to protect the service between the two points in any complicated networks (for example, two-fiber path protection ring in the ring network). The support of OptiX 2500+(Metro2050) to SNCP is in conformity with the requirements of ITU-T Recommendation G.841. Even in the presence of multiple service switchovers, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can meet the stipulated switching time of less than 50ms.
2-36
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM modes of protecting the inter-network services (SNCP and MSP). The support of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) to the DNI mode fully conforms to ITU-T Recommendation G.842.
ADM
ADM
ADM
ADM
2-37
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
2-38
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Technology
In a synchronous network, it is very importance to keep the clocks synchronous in all NEs. Usually, there are a number of clock reference sources available for one NE. They may come from the same primary clock source or from the clock reference sources of different quality. To accomplish the automatic protection switching function of the synchronous clock sources, the quality information of respective clock reference sources is needed. S1 byte defined by the ITU-T is used to transmit the clock source and the quality information. It uses the higher four bits (b5b8) in S1 byte of the section overhead (SOH) to express 16 types of synchronous source quality information. Table 2-13 shows the synchronous status message codes defined by the ITU-T recommendations. By utilizing this information and complying with a certain switching protocol, the automatic protection switching function for the synchronous clock can be fulfilled on the synchronous network.
Table 2-13 Coding of synchronous status information S1 (b5b8) 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 Quality grade of SDH synchronization Synchronization quality unknown (for existing synchronous networks) Reserved G.811 timing signal Reserved G.812 transit exchange clock signal Reserved Reserved Reserved G.812 local exchange clock signal Reserved Reserved Synchronous equipment timing source (SETS) Reserved Reserved
2-39
Functionality
S1 (b5b8) 1110 1111 Quality grade of SDH synchronization Reserved Not used for synchronization purpose
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
In the SDH optical transmission system, the automatic protection switching of the timing is based on the following protocols: Among the currently available clock sources, an NE first selects a clock source at the highest level of S1 byte as the synchronous source. It sends the quality information (or S1 byte) of the synchronous source to the downstream NE. When the S1 byte information contained in multiple clock sources in the NE is the same, the system will select the clock source of the higher priority level (as per the priority order in the priority level table) as the synchronous source. It then transmits the quality information of this synchronous source to the downstream NE If NE B (at site B) currently traces the clock synchronous source of NE A, the clock of NE B is an unusable synchronous source for NE A. The following is an example of the execution process of the automatic protection switchover of the synchronous clocks. On the transmission network shown in Figure 2-17, the BITS clock signals are introduced to both NE1 and NE4 through the external timing interfaces. These two external BITS clocks, which are in mutual backup, satisfy the requirements in ITU-T Recommendation G.812 for the quality of the local timing reference source. Start the S1 bytes and set the timing source protection. The synchronous sources of each NE and their priorities are shown in Table 2-14. In addition, the timeslot (given by the BITS provider) where the S1 bytes of the external BITS clock are located needs to be set for NE1 and NE4.
Table 2-14 Configuration of NE synchronous sources and clock source levels
NE
NE1 NE2 NE3 NE4 NE5
Synchronous source
External clock source West timing source West timing source West timing source East clock source
Priority
External timing source, west timing source, east timing source and built-in timing source West timing source, east timing source and built-in timing source West timing source, east timing source and built-in timing source West timing source, east timing source, external timing source and built-in timing source East timing source, west timing source and built-in timing source
2-40
Functionality NE
NE6
Priority
East timing source, west timing source and built-in timing source
Normally, the clocks of the entire transmission network are synchronized with the external BITS clock reference source of NE1 as shown in Figure 2-17.
BITS
E W E
NE1
NE6
NE2
E
BITS
NE5
W
NE3
NE4
During normal operation, if the optical fibers between NE2 and NE3 are broken, the synchronous clock automatic protection switchover will occur. As per the above switching protocol, since NE4 is tracking the clock of NE3, the timing source quality message that NE4 sends to NE3 is "Timing Source Unusable", that is, the most significant four bits of the S1 byte are 1111. When detecting the loss of the west synchronous timing source, NE3 can only use its own built-in timing source instead of the east timing source as reference. NE3 will transmit this message to NE4 through the S1 byte, that is, the most significant four bits of the S1 byte are 1011, meaning "synchronous equipment timing source" (SETS). After receiving the information, NE4 will find that the quality of the tracked synchronous source has deteriorated (the original quality is the G.812 local office clock, for which the higher four bits of the S1 byte are 1000), and the synchronous source is not of high quality. In such a case, NE4 should select the clock reference source that satisfies the quality requirement. There are four clock sources available for NE4: west timing source, east timing source, external BITS timing source and built-in timing source. Obviously, only the east timing source and external BITS timing source meet the quality requirement here. As the east timing source configured in NE4 has a higher priority than the external BITS timing source, NE4 eventually selects the east timing source as its own synchronous source. When the synchronous source that NE4 tracks is switched from the west to the east, the east timing source of NE3 becomes usable. Among all the clock sources for NE3, the east clock source has the highest quality. So, NE3 chooses the east clock source as the local synchronous source. As a result, the clock tracking in the entire transmission network will be as shown in Figure 2-18.
2-41
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
BITS
E W E
NE1
NE6
NE2
E
BITS
NE5
W
NE3
NE4
Figure 2-18 Clock tracking in case of optical fiber breakage between NE2 and NE3
If the external BITS clock of NE1 fails, then according to the switchover protocol and by the method of the above analysis, we can see that the final clock tracking of the transmission network will be as shown in Figure 2-19.
E
NE1
NE6
NE2
E
BITS
NE5
W
NE3
NE4
Suppose that, in normal working, external BITS clocks of NE1 and NE4 fail. In the light of the switching protocol, each NE will select the one with the highest priority from the usable timing sources as its synchronous source. Assume that each NE on the network is synchronous with the clock of NE4 before the failure of both the BITS. Through the analysis, it is easy to see that the clock of each NE on the network is still synchronized with the clock of NE4, as shown in Figure 2-20. But the synchronous timing of the entire transmission network declines in quality from the original recommended in ITU-T G.812 recommendation for local to synchronous equipment timing source (SETS), though the entire network is still synchronous with a reference timing source.
2-42
Functionality
E NE1 W E NE6 W
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Figure 2-20 Clock tracking in case both the external BITSs fail
The automatic protection switchover of synchronous clocks has greatly enhanced the reliability of the synchronous network.
2-43
Functionality
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Functions
In-service upgrading is available for board software (including CPU executable program and hardware loadable files) and the SCC software, in order to support:
(1) The upgrade of future OSI communication protocol (2) The in-service upgrade of the functional modules of alarm management, performance management and configuration management (3) The update and revision of ITU-T recommendations about information model (4) The setting and modification of intermediate system ECC route table
For the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), the in-service upgrade of unit functions has the following features:
(1) Supports the software in-service loading, remote loading and loading progress indication. (2) Supports the software error prevention loading, breaking point continuous transmission, and version matching check. (3) The SCC board can be configured with two sets of SCC software to support the loading of new software without affecting the current software running. After the correctness is confirmed, the new software will replace the old software. (4) The inversion of software upgrading is also supported so that the software can be recovered to the original state after the upgrading fails. The SCC board also enables manual switching between the two sets of software. In the process of switching, the set configuration information will not be damaged and the services of NE equipment will not be interrupted.
2-44
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts the hierarchical compatibility design, featuring easy replacement and changeability. In the same subrack, the equipment can be configured as TM or ADM single-system or a system of combination at the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 level. This enables the smooth evolution from the low-level network to the high-level network. As far as the transmission service is concerned, the equipment is capable of offering the access and transmission for PDH services (when configured as PDH interface unit), and for ATM/Ethernet services (when configured as broadband service interface units). This enables a smooth evolution from the narrowband service transmission network to a broadband service transmission network.
3.1 Configuration
3.1.1 Access Capability
The access capability of a single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) system is determined jointly by the capacity of the SDH cross-connect matrix unit as well as the capacity of the processing boards in the IU slots. The processing capacity of the SDH cross-connect matrix unit in the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is 128 x 128 VC-4, and the maximum access capacity is 96 x STM-1. The access capacity of the processing boards in the IU slots is listed in the Table 3-1.
3-1
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Board
S16 SD4 SL4 SD1 SQ1 SL1 SQE SDE SPQ4 DX1 BA2/BPA PD1 PQ1 PM1 PQM PL3 AL1 ET1 EMS1 EFS0 EGT EFT EGT2
Description
STM-16 optical interface board Dual STM-4 optical interface unit STM-4 optical interface board Dual STM-1 optical interface board Quad-STM-1 optical interface board STM-1 optical interface board 4 x STM-1 electrical interface board 2 x STM-1 electrical interface board 4 x E4&STM-1 electrical interface board DDN processing board Optical booster amplifier unit/optical booster & pre-amplifier unit 32 x E1 interfaces unit 63 x E1 interfaces board 32 x E1/T1 interfaces unit 63 x E1/T1 interfaces board 3 x E3/T3 interfaces unit 155M ATM process unit Ethernet transparent transmission board Fast Ethernet /Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board Gigabit Ethernet transparent transmission board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 transparent transmission board Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 transparent transmission board
Processing capability
16 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 1 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 48 x E1 1 x STM1 x STM1 x STM-1 1 x STM1 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 48 x E1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 8 x STM-1
Note: TDA, COA, BPA, and BA2 do not occupy the capacity of the bus. TDA and COA do not occupy slots.
3-2
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
3-3
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) single subrack OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) or OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)
Specifications
2000 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2200 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2600 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 668 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 542 mm (depth) 500 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 264 mm (depth) -OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) 668 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 542 mm (depth) -OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)
3. Typical Board Configurations The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts MADM/MSTP architecture design to incorporate multiple systems, allowing you to enable the functions of several equipment on single subrack. In addition to single TM, ADM and REG configuration at STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 level, the equipment can also be configured into a hybrid system at the STM-1, STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 level. In the following description about various configurations, GIU stands for line interface board and IU for tributary interface board.
(1) Configuration of TM
STM-4/STM-16 single TM system configuration is shown in Figure 3-1.
3-4
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
I U I I I I G 1 U U U U I / 2 3 4 5 U P
X C S
X C S
I I I I I U U U U U 1 1 7 8 9 0 1
I S I U C U 1 C P 2
FAN
Configuration description: To configure into an STM-16 TM system, the GIU slot houses S16 board, and the XCS slot houses the XCS board. To configure into an STM-4 TM system, the GIU slot houses the SD4 board, or the IU112 slot houses the SL4 board. The XCS slot houses the XCS/XCL board. The IU slot can house PDH interface board (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM), and SDH board (for example, SL1, SD1, SDE, SQ1, SD4, SL4, and SQE) to access low-speed PDH/SDH service. The IU slot can also house AL1 and ET1 optionally to access ATM and Ethernet services. The IU slot is also assignable for DX1 to offer interface for DDN service. When the received traffic exceeds the add/drop capacity of the single subrack, you can use the IU slot to house SDH boards (for example, SD1, SQ1, SD4, SL4, SDE, SQE, and SPQ4) to concatenate the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) or adopt an extended subrack to enlarge the access capacity. The IUP slot can house PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, DX1 and SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slots can house PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 and PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical board. Single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack can access 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 services. Single extended subrack can support the access of 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 services at most. The cross-connect slot can house the XCS and XCL board, providing cross-connect and timing functions. Backup XCS is optionally used to provide hot backup for key circuit boards.
3-5
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
I U I I I G G 1 U U U I I / 2 3 4 U U P
X C S
X C S
I I I I I U U U U U 1 1 7 8 9 0 1
I S I U C U 1 C P 2
FAN
Configuration description: To configure an STM-16 ADM system, the GIU slot houses S16 board, and the XCS slot houses the XCS board. To configure an STM-4 ADM system, the GIU slot houses SD4 board, or the IU112 houses the SL4 board. The XCS slot houses the XCS/XCL board. The IU slots can house optionally PDH interface boards (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM), and SDH boards (for example, SL1, SD1, SDE, SQ1, SD4, SL4, and SQE) to access low-speed PDH/SDH service. The IU slots can also house AL1 and ET1 optionally to access ATM and Ethernet services. Additionally, the IU slot is also assignable to DX1 board to offer access for DDN interface. When the received traffic exceeds the add/drop capacity of the single subrack, you can assign the IU slot to SDH boards (for example, SD1, SQ1, SD4, SL4, SDE, SQE, and SPQ4) to concatenate the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) or adopt an extended subrack to enlarge the access capacity. The IUP slot houses PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, or SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slots house PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 or PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical board. Single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack can access 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service. Single extended subrack can offer access for 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service at most. The system can implement 1+1, 1:1 protection scheme when configured as a dual ADM system. The cross-connect slot can house the XCS or XCL board, providing cross-connect and timing functions. Backup XCS is optional, and used for hot backup for key circuit boards.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The configuration of OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) extended subrack system is shown in Figure 3-3.
T T T T T T T T G G L L L L S S S O U U U U U U U U T T U U U U T T C H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C C 1 2 3 4 G G C P
FAN
Configuration description: Extension subrack is used only to add/drop services, and is not allowed to be used for long distance transmission. Tributary unit TU can house board TDA, PD1, PL3 and PL4 optionally. Tributary unit TU can hold a mixture of various tributary boards in any of the tributary slot 18. To provide cross-connect functions, you can adopt GTC board. To provide timing function, you can adopt STG board. Depending on the volume of the traffic to be added/dropped through the subrack, the line unit of LU14 can be assigned to SL4 (top priority), SL2, SL1 or SE2, with total board number not exceeding 2. The standby GTC is optional, and is used for the hot standby of the cross-connect board. (b) Adopting the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack as extended subrack The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) extended subrack system configuration is shown in Figure 3-4.
I U I I I I G 1 U U U U I / 2 3 4 5 U P
X C E
X C E
I I I I I U U U U U 1 1 7 8 9 0 1
I S I U C U 1 C P 2
FAN
Configuration description:
3-7
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The IU board slot houses PDH interface boards (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM) to access low-rate PDH service. The IU slot can house the AL1 or ET1 board to access ATM/IP service. Additionally, the IU slot is also assignable to the DX1 board to interface with DDN service. The IUP slot houses the PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, DX1 or SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slot houses the PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 or PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of electrical interface boards. Single extended subrack can offer access for 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service at most. Backup XCS and XCL are optional, and are used for hot standby for the key boards.
X C S
X C S
G I U 3
G I G I I U I U U 1 U 9 4 0 5
G S I I C U U C P 6
FAN
Configuration description: Refer to the parts describing the configuration of TM and ADM systems for tributary slot assignment. Figure 3-5 illustrates the typical implementation of an STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 TM hybrid system in one single subrack. The GIU1 and GIU2 house S16s to form system one: ADM at the STM-16 level. The GIU3 and GIU4 house S16s to form system two: ADM at the STM-16 level. The GIU5 and GIU6 house SL4s to form system three: ADM at the STM-4 level. The GIU7 houses SL4 to form system four: TM at the STM-1 level. It is also assignable to AL1 and ET1 boards to provide access for ATM/IP services. Four subsystems can share several tributary boards, and the services can be groomed from one subsystem to another. The IU board slot houses PDH interface boards (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM) and SDH interface boards (for example, SL1, SD1, SDE, SQ1, SL4, SD4, SPQ4 and SQE) to access low-rate PDH/SDH service. Additionally, the IU slot can also house the AL1 or ET1 board to access ATM and Ethernet services and DX1 board to access DDN service.
3-8
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM When the received traffic exceeds the add/drop capacity of the single subrack, you can use the IU slot to house SDH boards (for example, SD1, SQ1, SD4, SL4, SDE, SQE, and SPQ4) to concatenate the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) or adopt extended subrack to enlarge the access capacity. The IUP slot houses PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, DX1 or SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slot house PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 or PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical board. Single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack can offer access for 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service. Single extended subrack can access 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service at most. The cross-connect slot houses the XCS or XCL board to provide cross-connect and timing functions. Backup XCS is optional, and is used as hot backup for key circuit boards.
4. Protection Configuration The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports 1+1 protection for the cross-connection and timing unit and 1:N protection for the electrical interface boards. The cross-connection and timing unit is located in XCS/XCL board. Normally one of them is enough, but for key nodes such as hub node, two XCS/XCL boards should be adopted to implement 1+1 hot standby. For important services, the electrical interface boards are protected to improve the survivability.
(1) When only the PDH interface boards (for example, E1/T1/E3/T3) are protected, the configuration is as follows:
Insert an appropriate PDH interface board into IUP slot as protection board. The protected interface boards are inserted into slots IU14 and IU912 to implement a maximum 1:8 protection scheme. Assign the FB1 board in the FB1/LPTR slot at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the switching and access boards (for example, E75S, E12S, and C34S) in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. The protection scheme of various boards is shown in Table 3-4.
(2) When the protection is only available for STM-1 electrical interface board such as SQE, the board slot assignment is as follows:
Insert the appropriate STM-1 electrical interface board into the IUP slot as protection board.
3-9
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The protected interface boards are inserted in slots IU14 or IU911 to implement 1:7 protection scheme. Assign the LPDR board in the FB1/LPTR slot at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the LPSW board in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. The protection scheme of various boards is shown in Table 3-4.
(3) When the above two protection schemes exist at the same time, the board slot assignment is as follows:
Insert the appropriate interface boards in the IUP slot to protect the STM-1 electrical interface boards. The protected STM-1 electrical interface board is inserted in slots IU14 or IU911 to implement 1:N protection scheme. Assign the LPDR board in the FB1/LPTR slot at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the LPSW board in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. Insert appropriate interface board into IU1/P slot to protect the PDH electrical interface board (E1/T1). The protected PDH interface boards are inserted in slots IU14 and IU911 to implement a maximum 1:M (M + N [ 6) protection scheme. Assign the FB2 board at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the transfer board with switching function (for example, E75S and E12S) in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. The protection scheme of various boards is shown in Table 3-4.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
PL3 SQE
PD1
PQ1
PM1
PQM
E3
Note: The grid with tick () indicates that the board in the row can protect the board in the column. The blank grid indicates that the board in the row cannot protect the board the columns.
5. Configuration of Optical Amplification Board When the transmission distance of a single optical board is limited by the transmitting optical power or receiver sensitivity, it is necessary to use optical amplification board to amplify the optical power or to pre-amplify the receiving optical power. The optical amplification board includes the BA2 board (single-channel or two-channel configurable amplifier), the BPA board (optical booster and pre-amplification integrated board), and the COA board (external optical amplifier). They work with the S16 or SL4 board to realize long-haul transmission. The one-channel optical amplification in the BA2 board works with one S16 board to realize V-16.2 interface. One-channel optical amplification in the BA2 board works with one SL4 board with Ve-4.2 interface to achieve up to 170 km transmission distance. One BPA board works with one S16 board to realize U-16.2 interface. Two COA boards work with one S16 board to realize U-16.2 interface. Each BA2 or BPA board occupies 2 IU slots, and the COA does not use the slot of the subrack.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
3.2 Networking
With its powerful cross-connect capacity, rich and flexible interface functions, and sophisticated and advanced software functions, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) boasts very strong adaptability to complex networks is based on. Since the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) incorporates PDH interface unit, DDN interface unit, ATM interface unit, and Ethernet transparent transmission interface unit, it can achieve effective access and transmission of the PDH, ATM and Ethernet services according to their features.
TM
ADM
MADM
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) enables a variety of ring networks at the rate of STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 in numerous flexible networking modes. These networking modes include the common ring network, two tangent rings, two intersecting rings, ring and chain hybrid network, dual-ring interconnection network, and hub network with ring and chain networks. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) achieves tangent rings in two modes: the first one is the traditional way where the rings intercommunicate through a tributary bridge connection between two or more ADMs, as shown in Figure 3-7. In this working mode, the tangent rings can work at any rate and in any protection scheme. The possible combinations are shown in Table 3-5. The second one is the hub mode where the tangent point is an OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) under the multi-system mode, as shown in Figure 3-8. In this working mode, the tangent rings can work at any rate and in any protection scheme. The possible combinations are shown in Table 3-6. The traffic on the ring can be protected, and the inter-ring traffic can also intercommunicate directly through the cross-connect matrix inside the equipment. This mode not only utilizes no tributary resources, boosts inter-ring communication, streamlines the equipment connection, also enhances the reliability of the equipment significantly.
ADM
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
ADM
MADM
Table 3-5 Combination of protected schemes of all tangent rings under tributary bridge connection
Ring 2
STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP
Ring 1
STM-1 SNCP/MSP
STM-4 SNCP/MSP
STM-16 SNCP/MSP
STM-16 SNCP/MSP
Table 3-6 Combination of protected schemes of all tangent rings under the hub mode
Ring 2
STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP
Ring 1
STM-1 SNCP/MSP
STM-4 SNCP/MSP
STM-16 SNCP/MSP
STM-16 SNCP/MSP
Figure 3-9 shows the structure of two intersecting rings, which can be taken as tangent rings with two tangent points, similar to the tangency structure as shown in Figure 3-11. The possible combination of working modes of Ring 1 and Ring 2 is the same as that in Table 3-6. As there are two intersecting points between Ring 1 and Ring 2 (Dual hub mode), the inter-network traffic is protected. The OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) employs the subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) technology to activate this protection.
3-14
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
ADM
MADM
3. Hybrid Network of Ring and Chain Figure 3-10 is a network structure that combines ring and chain networks. The ring can adopt SNCP, MSP, or other protection scheme. The possible protection schemes of hybrid configuration of ring and chain are listed in Table 3-7.
MADM
ADM
TM
Figure 3-10 Integrated networking of an ordinary ring network and a chain network
Table 3-7 Protection combinations for hybrid networking comprising ring network and chain network
Chain
STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP STM-16 SNCP/MSP
Ring
STM-1 SNCP/MSP
STM-4 SNCP/MSP
STM-16 SNCP/MSP
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Figure 3-11 shows a DNI network, in which the traffic goes between rings through a chain network, and the rates on the ring and the chain can be the same (for example, both at STM-16, STM-1 or STM-4) or can be different (for example, Ring 1 at STM-16 and Ring 2 at STM-4). The combinations of working modes of Ring 1 and Ring 2 are as shown in Table 3-8.
ADM
MADM
Table 3-8 Table of combination of working modes of each ring in dual-ring intercommunication network
Ring 2
Ring 1
STM-1 SNCP/MSP
STM-4 SNCP/MSP
STM-16 SNCP/MSP
Figure 3-12 shows a rather complex Hub network architecture that combines ring and chain networks. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) works in the mode of multiple ADMs to effect the application of the Hub points.
3-16
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
MADM
ADM
TM
Figure 3-12 Hub network combining ring network and chain network
3-17
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
users, will be very low. As a result, in practical applications, except for special clients such as banks, they will choose a fixed convergence ratio to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency. As shown in Figure 3-13, when 8 x STM-1 ATM services are routed to the ATM Interface Unit, the ATM Interface Unit will converge and process them. The converged ATM services of the STM-1 are cross-connected to a certain VC-4 virtual container, while other unused VC-4 virtual containers can still bear the other services (PDH or Ethernet service).
Sharing of bandwidth for the ATM service network transmission For the ATM services, the traditional transmission equipment provides the function of transmission bearer, such as the ATM STM-1 service, to use transmission equipment directly to provide transparent point-to-point transmission. For STM-4 or ATM services of higher rates, it enables transparent point-to-point transmission on the transmission equipment through concatenation mode. But for transparent transmission mode in practical applications, as each station inside the entire network needs to use respective transmission bandwidth independently, the limited transmission bandwidth will be used up quickly, and so it cannot support the applications in large-scale networking. As a result, it is necessary to make use of the VP-Ring characteristic of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) to exercise a statistic multiplexing of bandwidth on the ATM services transmitted on the ring in view of the great dynamic changes in the actual flow of data services. In this way the utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth is improved, and the entire transmission network is optimized. In addition, the ATM service transmission mode of shared bandwidth may also reduce the probability of service congestion in the entire network. For example, the ATM service of a company and the ATM service of a residential area can share the STM-1 transmission bandwidth. As the peak traffic volume of these two client groups may occur in either the daytime or at night respectively, resulting in no conflict in bandwidth utilization. This configuration mode of bandwidth sharing not only improves the utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth but also reduces to a minimum the service losses that arise from congestion.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1
MSTP
ATM Switch
DSLAM
As shown in Figure 3-14, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) receives the ATM services of the STM-1 transmitted by the DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) in each station. As the traffic volume of the ATM services changes dynamically, the ATM services in each station share one STM-1 bandwidth in the STM-4 transmission ring network through the function of the network bandwidth sharing featured by the VP-Ring technology. As for traditional SDH equipment, only the transparent point-to-point transmission of the ATM services is available, it is necessary to allocate an STM-1 bandwidth (regardless of the actual traffic volume) to each station. In this mode, the utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth is rather low. The function of bandwidth sharing in the entire transmission for the ATM services is effected mainly by making use of the ATM service convergence function provided by the ATM processing board (AL1 board).
STM-1 STM-1
STM-1
STM-1
ATM Cell
Figure 3-15 Ways to achieve service convergence function of the AL1 board
3-19
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
As shown in Figure 3-15, within the network, the ATM service transmitted through the STM-1 bandwidth shared on the ring is groomed to the AL1 board through the SDH Cross Matrix Unit. After the processing by the ATM layer on the AL1 board, it converges the local ATM cells and the ATM cells on the ring transmitted from the SDH cross processing unit. The converged ATM cells are mapped onto a shared VC-4 container, where the SDH Cross Matrix Unit will uniformly groom them to the shared STM-1 bandwidth to be transmitted to the next station. Through the processing of ATM services by the AL1 board in each station, the STM-1 bandwidth will be shared for the ATM services in each station. It should be noted that whether one AL1 board can share the bandwidth with other AL1 boards depends on whether the processed ATM cells are mapped onto the same VC-4 virtual container (not the same station). 2. ATM Service Transmission Based Networking For the ATM services, the transmission mode of sharing the network bandwidth is subject to the limitation by the processing capability of the ATM layer and the cost. As a result, the basic networking mode for the ATM service transmission is mainly ring network or chain network.
STM-4
Figure 3-16 ATM service ring network bandwidth sharing transmission mode
Figure 3-16 shows an SDH ring network at the rate of STM-4. The bandwidth on the ring is divided into 4 x STM-1. Each station effects the sharing of the entire transmission bandwidth through the ATM processing board. Station A uses a bandwidth of 2 x STM-1, and shares a bandwidth of one STM-1 with Station B. As
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
the ATM service is transmitted in a mode of shared bandwidth, the remaining bandwidth of two STM-1 can be used to transmit other services. A complex network needs to share bandwidth of all networks respectively in a ring mode that achieve the purpose on a span sharing basis. For example, in a network where there exists Ring Network 1, Ring Network 2 and a chain network as shown in the Figure 3-17, need to use different STM-1 as the shared bandwidth, so as to effect the sharing of bandwidth within their respective networks.
Ring 1
Ring 2
Line 1
MSTP
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Ethernet services (in the mode of VC-trunk) into the 148 2 Mbit/s services to implement the Ethernet service transmission. When the VC-Trunk mapping mode is used, the number of the Ethernet interfaces mapped into the 2Mbit/s interface can be set at will, as long as the total number not exceeding 48 x 2Mbit/s interfaces. This allows the transmission bandwidth of the Ethernet service to be flexibly allocated according to the specific requirements. Furthermore, since the Ethernet service is mapped into multiple 2Mbit/s interfaces, the mode of the PDH service transmission is adopted (that is, point-to-point non-transparent mode without bandwidth sharing). Various protection schemes for the PDH service in the SDH system also exist for the Ethernet service. Unlike the ATM service processing mode, the Ethernet service transmission mode of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be described as different interfaces of the same Transparent Ethernet Transmission Interface Unit share the bandwidth, while different sites in the entire transmission network do not. VLAN-based flow control The characteristic of the Ethernet service is greater bandwidth change. To improve the transmission bandwidth efficiency and to reduce the transmission cost, Ethernet service convergence is needed for both data equipment and transmission equipment, making the service uplink transmission bandwidth be less than the service access bandwidth. Since the service convergence mode is used for transmission, service congestion will certainly occur. Therefore, the received Ethernet services should be classified according to their priorities. For important subscribers (such as banks and Intranet), the services should be set as the highest priority (of course, this will be a costly proposition) and the bandwidth will be configured for them in priority. But for ordinary users (such as the intelligent residential area), their services will be set at lower priority (of course, in this case, the cost will be less) but the transmission bandwidth cannot be guaranteed. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) uses the transparent Ethernet transmission interface unit to allocate different subscribers to different VLAN groups with different bandwidths and priorities so as to implement the manageability of the Ethernet service. As shown in Figure 3-18, since the services of multiple subscribers are converged to the same 100Base-T interface for access and transmission, the different services of different users cannot be differentiated with respect to the physical interface. Therefore, when service congestion occurs, since the Ethernet service lacks a perfect priority guarantee, this may results in a certain subscriber occupying the bandwidth resources for a longer time, and other subscribers being unable to use the same.
3-22
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
L2 Switch
Router
As shown in Figure 3-19, if the VLAN-based flow control function is used, the bandwidth for each subscriber can be pre-allocated according to the priority (the charges are based upon the bandwidth allocating priority). When service congestion occurs, the out-of-order competition for the bandwidth resources among the users can be avoided.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
VLAN =1
VLAN=2
VLAN=3
L2 Switch
Router
VLAN-based subscriber management and service security guarantee As a virtual LAN technology, the VLAN adds a Tag Header to the source address of the standard Ethernet frame and allocates different VLAN tags to different subscribers at associated bytes to implement the service isolation between different subscriber groups and the broadcast storm suppression. Since the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) serves as the transmission equipment of the convergence layer, the different Ethernet services upstream transmitted by the access layer equipment generally adopts the VLAN technology to converge to one or more interfaces for transmission. For example, maybe there are multiple corporations in an office building, they are allocated with different VLAN tags. After the convergence of their different services through the Ethernet switch, a 100Base-T interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) will be used for the transmission. The corporations share the same transmission interface, but due to the application of the VLAN tags, their services are isolated to guarantee the required security.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
24
M x 2
24
x 2 M
/1 0
0B
AS ETX
10
24
2M
MSTP
As shown in Figure 3-20, the servers at sites 1 and 3 of Company A need to use the 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface for the access to the LAN based on the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems to exchange the data with the server at the headquarters of Site 2. Sites 1 and 3 are respectively configured with a bandwidth of 24 x 2 Mbit/s to Site 2. In this case, an ET1 board is needed to be configured at these three sites respectively. Since the interface and residual bandwidth of the transparent Ethernet Unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be continuously used by other corporations, the server of Company B at Site 1 can also use the VLAN technology and use the same 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface for the access to the MAN based on the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems. The connection with the dedicated line of the headquarters of Company B at Site 4 is achieved. The specific bandwidth can be flexibly configured. 2. Characteristics of Gigabit Ethernet Service LAPS encapsulation In the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) scenario, the Gigabit Ethernet service will be encapsulated based on the LAPS protocol. The ITU-T X.86 describes that LAPS, similar to the HDLC (high-level data link controller), is a frame-forming structure used to encapsulate the IEEE 802.3-compliant Ethernet MAC frames. LAPS provides a rate adapting capability that enables a mechanism transform in the Ethernet MII rate
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
and the SDH VC rate to erase the conflict between cyclical transmission of the SDH frame and the burst mode of the MAC frame. As a standard encapsulation protocol, LAPS also enables the interconnection of equipments of different vendors that adopts this encapsulation protocol. SDH side flow control The MAC frame of the Gigabit Ethernet service is transmitted at the Gigabit level. If the flow control mechanism is not effective, or the transmission line encounters transient cache congestion, the possibility of cache overflow is high, resulting in high frame loss ratio. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) incorporates flow control mechanism on both the Ethernet side and the SDH side. When the Ethernet service flow volume from the sink SDH side is larger than the flow volume the sink Ethernet side can receive, the sink will stuff in flow control frame in the traffic to the source to report the congestion to the sink side. The source will stop temporarily the transmission after it receives the flow control frame, thus eliminating the congestion in the Ethernet service transmission. 3. Networking of 10/100 M Ethernet Service Transmission For the Ethernet services, since the transmission mode of mapping into the 2 Mbit/s interfaces is used, the networking mode of the Ethernet service transmission is the same as that of the PDH service transmission. Therefore, the appropriate transmission network can be constructed according to the PDH service transmission networking mode. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), as the transmission equipment of the convergence layer, converges the Ethernet services transmitted by the data equipment of the access layer, and transmits them to the access layer or the backbone layer equipment at various sites. Since the data equipment of the access layer may use different Ethernet service access modes, based upon the characteristics of the Ethernet service over the access layer, the transmission equipment of the convergence layer should adopt different transmission modes to improve the Ethernet service transmission efficiency. Point-to-point Ethernet service transmission
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
LAN 11
LAN 12
LAN 13
LAN 14
1#
1 2M 0x
10
x2
2#
28 x 2M
4#
LAN 1
LAN 8
LAN 2
3#
LAN 7
LAN 3
LAN 4
LAN 5
LAN 6
L2 Switch
MSTP
As shown in Figure 3-21, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) at sites 2, 3 and 4 receive respectively the Ethernet service transmitted by its own Ethernet switch, and converge the services to the corresponding Ethernet switch at the central site 1. In this way, the point-to-point transparent transmission between various LANs is achieved. Each site is configured with an Ethernet transparent transmission processing board (ET1), each LAN service is allocated with independent Ethernet access interface and each interface is configured with independent VC-Trunk (since different services are transmitted through different VC-Trunks, the VLAN tags of different LANs can be the same) to guarantee the independent bandwidth of each LAN. The relationship between the Ethernet services accessed by different sites is: LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13, LAN 4 <=> LAN 14,
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
LAN 5 <=> LAN 15, LAN 6 <=> LAN 16, LAN 7 <=> LAN 17 and LAN 8 <=> LAN 18. For Site 1, it is only configured with one Ethernet transparent transmission processing board, the maximum processing capability is 48 x 2 Mbit/s. So the total bandwidth of the eight point-to-point transparent transmission paths should not exceed 48 x 2 Mbit/s. Point-to-multi-point Ethernet service transmission With the VALN technology and the VLAN tags, multiple users can access the Ethernet interface of a site, and based upon the VLAN tags carried by the Ethernet data frames, the Ethernet services of different users can be sent to different sites, that is, the transmission of the point-to-multi-point Ethernet service.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1#
10 M x2
10 x
2M
2#
28 x 2M
4#
LAN 1
LAN 5
3#
LAN 2
LAN 3
LAN 4
L2 Switch
MSTP
As shown in Figure 3-22, Site 1 access the Ethernet service upstream transmitted by the LAN switch through an Ethernet interface of an Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit. This LAN switch divides the connected LAN into five Virtual LANs (both the LAN switch interface and the corresponding interface of the Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit should be set as the TAG interfaces so as to transparently transmit the VLAN tags). The Ethernet services of different VLANs are differentiated according to different VLAN tags. Based upon the
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
TAG information, Site 3 sends the data sent by the LAN switch to Sites 2, 3 and 4 through different VC-Trunk paths. Site 3 also access the Ethernet services upstream, transmitted by the LAN switch through an Ethernet interface of an Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit. This LAN switch divides the connected LAN into three virtual LANs. The Ethernet services of different VLANs are differentiated according to the different VLAN tags. The relationship between the Ethernet services accessed by different sites is: LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13, LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 and LAN 5 <=> LAN 15. The configuration mode of the transmission bandwidth is: The services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11 and LAN 5 <=> LAN 15 are respectively allocated with a VC-Trunk, and the services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 share the same VC-Trunk. In this application, the service between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11 and LAN 5 <=> LAN 15 is allocated with independent VC-Trunk, so it can guarantee the VLAN-based transmission bandwidth. But since the services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 share the same VC-Trunk, that is, they share the same transmission bandwidth, the bandwidth resources are allocated through fair competition.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1#
10 M x2
10
x2
2#
28 x 2M
4#
LAN 1
LAN 4
3#
LAN 2
L2 Switch MSTP
LAN 3
Figure 3-23 The transmission mode of multiple Ethernet interfaces sharing the same VC-Trunk
As shown in Figure 3-23 the Ethernet service of each site is accessed through the independent interface of the Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit. The relationship between the Ethernet services accessed by different sites is: LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14. The configuration mode of the transmission bandwidth is as follows. The services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 are allocated respectively with a VC-Trunk. The services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 share the same VC-Trunk, that is, the user services from multiple Ethernet interfaces share the same VC-Trunk path. In the shared VC-Trunk path, different services carry different VLAN tags, or the Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit at the receiving end cannot differentiate different services. Furthermore, among multiple Ethernet interfaces sharing the same VC-Trunk path, the transmission bandwidth of the corresponding Ethernet interface is allocated through fair competition.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
-1 2 VC
1 nk ru
1#
2#
4#
LAN 1
VC -1 2T
ru nk 2
VC
T -12
k3 run
LAN 3
3#
LAN 2
L2 Switch MSTP
LSic 2wth
Figure 3-24 The transmission mode of multiple sites sharing the same VC-Trunk
As shown in Figure 3-24, the services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 are interconnected through the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). The services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 share the transmission bandwidth of VC-Trunk 1 between Sites 1 and 2, and the services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 share the transmission bandwidth of VC-Trunk 2 between Sites 2 and 3. In this networking application, different Ethernet services use the transmission modes of sharing VC-Trunk path. This transmission mode can improve the utilization of the VC-Trunk path. Since the path-sharing mode is adopted, different VLAN tags should be carried by different Ethernet service flows transmitted in the VC-Trunk paths so that the Ethernet transparent transmission processing boards of different sites can correctly differentiate and groom the Ethernet services according to the VLAN tags.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts the CCC and Martini modes to construct the MPLS L2 VPN and provides EPL/EVPL service. As shown in Figure 3-25, the system will check the Port + Vlan ID table and add the external label (Tunnel) and internal label (VC) it gets to the accessed Ethernet frames. Data transfer in the network is based on the external label, which will be discarded at the provider routers (P) equipment at the last hop. Then, the data will be transmitted to the corresponding provider edges (PE) equipment, which transfers the data to corresponding port according to the internal label. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) integrates the function of P equipment and PE equipment.
20 20 Company A PE1 Port A Port B Tunnel label switching Company B Tunnel label switching Tunnel label stripped 10 20 Data Data P 50 50 10 20 Data Data P 10 20 Data Data PE2 Company A Port A Port B Frame transferred by PE2 according to Company B the VC label
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts the Martini mode to provide the EPLAN/ EVPLAN and implement the multipoint-to-multipoint connection of user sites . From the angle of user, the EPLAN/EVPLAN network is a big Vlan where the user service can be converged. As shown in Figure 3-26, when the users Ethernet frame (with the source address being MAC H, and the destination address being MAC A, B or C) enters the PE equipment, the system will check the Layer 2 transfer table and attach the internal label (VC Label) it gets to the frame. Then, the frame is transferred to corresponding tunnel, where it is attached with the external label (tunnel label), and different label switch paths (LSPs) are set up according to different addresses. The Ethernet frame is detached from the tunnel label when leaving the P equipment, and then transferred to corresponding PE equipment, where the VC Label is detached. After that, the Ethernet frame is transferred to corresponding output port according to the Layer 2 transfer table.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
MPLS Core
PE Address = MAC C
LSP1 PE
LSP2
Tunnel Label 1 2 3
VC Label 10 10 10
Address = MAC H
Headquarters
5. Networking of Gigabit Ethernet Service Transparent Transmission Figure 3-27 shows the basic networking of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) in the scenario of Ethernet service transmission. The 10/100 M Ethernet service at different LAN nodes are converged as Gigabit Ethernet service through the Layer 3 switches, and the Gigabit Ethernet service is further transmitted to the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces of the EGT board of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). The Gigabit service accessed will be further transparently transmitted to the routers on the MAN, which are connected to two nodes on the WAN on dual homing basis. It provides a solution to the extension of the Gigabit Ethernet service to the WAN.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
WAN
1#
2#
4#
3#
L3 Switch
L2 Switch
Router
MSTP
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
DDN
DDN multiplexer Update and expansion need to have more investment in the outdated DDN backbone equipment. The priceperformance ratio is not optimized.
Compared with DDN, the SDH network is developing rapidly with wider coverage area and longer transmission range. Besides the traditional PDH service, it also supports Ethernet service, ATM service transparent transmission and layer 2 switching. Additionally, the DDN service access and grooming is also available in optical transmission network. Optical transmission network is more a multi-protocol and multi-service based comprehensive service transmission network than a basic complementary network. The optical network transmission equipment also is developing into multi-service transmission platform (MSTP). Figure 3-29 shows the SDH network as basic complementary network. Figure 3-30 shows the development of SDH network into MSTP.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Ethernet user
DDN user
Router
E1
SDH
R
S
Router
Ethernet
Ethernet user
SDH (MSTP)
FE/GE
STM-1
ATM equipment
DDN
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The DDN-incorporated SDH network provides good chance for the dedicated service development. SDH network becomes capable of accessing and grooming DDN service as long as the SDH equipment is configured with the associated modules. The accessed DDN service, after being cross-connected, is transmitted in the network in SDH frame. The DDN service featured by SDH network is not used to replace the current DDN network which has been very perfect and stable; instead, it serves as a complement for it. See Figure 3-31.
Node machine DDN Convergence layer (MSTP)
E1
DDN access
DDN user
To expand DDN through SDH not only save the investment which may otherwise be made in backward DDN backbone equipment, also meet the increasing demands in DDN services. Furthermore, the SDH (MSTP), with its capability in providing dedicated broadband service at N x 64 kbit/s, E1 and above E1, enables the independent operation of optical transmission network. 2. Implementation DDN is expandable through MSTP while maintaining its original network. To incorporate DDN network into optical transmission network, following optical transmission equipments should be configured with DDN modules: NE accessing the DDN service NE grooming the DDN service Figure 3-32 shows a service access layer using OptiX 155/622H. The equipment for
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
accessing DDN service is configured with DDN modules to, enable DDN dedicated service. The services to be accessed include N x 64 kbit/s, Frame E1 and SHDSL. SHDSL can be used to transmit E1 and N x 64 kbit/s signals for a transmission distance of 3000 m. If no DDN service is to be accessed, there is no need to configure the OptiX 155/622H with DDN module for saving investment. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) service convergence layer, when configured with DDN module, is very powerful in DDN service convergence and traffic consolidation. The grooming capability of a module is equivalent to a medium-sized node. Besides, the DDN module is also equipped with numerous external ports for access of N x 64 kbit/s, Frame E1 and SHDSL service. The equipment can also be configured with multiple DDN modules to meet the increasing customer demands. The convergence layer and access layer are not only abundant in bandwidth, also capable of transmitting voice and other services (DDN dedicated service is just a portion of overall services).
Connect to original node machine
User
DDN
Convergence Layer
Frame E1 SHDSL
Node machine
DDN multiplexer
NX64kbit/s
Scheduling User
OptiX 2500+ DDN module of OptiX 2500+ configuration OptiX 155/622H DDN module of OptiX 155/622H configuration
Access Layer
NX64kbit/s
DDN multiplexer
Two routes available for point-to-point service subscribers: The two ends of the services are located in the MSTP network (refer to the services represented with red and green line in Figure 3-32 ); One end of the service is the original DDN network (refer to the service represented with blue broken line in Figure 3-32).
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
For the first service, DDN module is used for service access and dispatching. For the second service, when the DDN service is very small, we still can use DDN backbone node for grooming in the mode of gateway. With the increase of DDN service, we can configure optical transmission equipment with DDN module to divert, converge and guide a portion of DDN service, so as to alleviate the pressure suffered by the repeater port at DDN backbone node.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
A standby system is provided for each working system in a 1+1 SDH line protection system. The two systems are in the active/standby mode for each other, in the non-restorative mode. The sending ends of the active and standby systems are connected in parallel, and it makes no difference whether the signals are received by the active or standby system. It depends on the signal quality. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports both the single-end switching mode and the dual-end switching mode. In case of single-end switching, 1+1 line protection does not require the participation of the automatic protection switching protocol (APS). Instead, automatic switching will take place according to the signal quality, or it will take place with external commands to force the switching or locking. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports multiple 1+1 line protections at the interface side of various rate levels simultaneously.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
to be dropped on a quality basis. Normally, the signal sent on the S1 fiber is taken as the active signal. Meanwhile, tributary signals (CA) inserted at C into the ring that go towards Node A as destination are sent off in the same way. The CA signals carried on fiber S1 (signal transmitted in the same direction as the AC signals) are branched as active signals at Node A. In the case of a fiber cut between Node B and Node C, as shown in Figure 3-33 (b), the AC signals from Node A carried over the S1 optical fiber are lost. At that moment, the switch transfers the traffic from the S1 optical fiber to the P1 optical fiber and receives the AC signals from Node A carried over the P1 optical fiber to be dropped. In this way, the working traffic between Node A and C is protected and will not be discarded. The switch will return to its original position when the fault is removed.
CA AC
S1 P1
A D C P1 S1
CA
AC
(a)
CA AC
S1 P1
A D C P1 S1 B
X
CA AC
Switching
(b)
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basically the same as that in the unidirectional protection ring. The difference is that the returned signals move in a reverse direction. Its main advantage is that in case of no protection rings, or in case that the same ADM equipment is used in a chain network, paths can be re-used. It can increase the total add/drop services. Moreover, this protection scheme can ensure route consistency for bidirectional services, which is important for delay sensitive services (such as video services).
CA AC
S1 S2 A D C P1 P2
CA
AC
(a)
CA AC
S1 S2
A C
P1 P2
X
CA AC Switching
(b)
As suggested in Figure 3-34 (a), for example, the tributary signals destined for Node C enter the ring from Node A while being carried over the optical fiber S1 and P1 in the transmission direction. The traffic is sent to Node C over the S1 optical fiber clockwise as working signal and over the P1 optical fiber counter-clockwise as protection signal. Node C receives tributary signals of two directions simultaneously and chooses one to be dropped according to the quality of the received signals. Normally, the signal sent on the S1 fiber is taken as the active signal. Meanwhile, tributary signals (CA) inserted at C into the ring that takes Node A as its destination
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are sent to Node A in the same way. The CA signals carried on fiber S1 (signal transmitted in the same direction as the AC signals) are branched as active signals at Node A. When a fiber cut occurs between Node B and Node C, as shown in Figure 3-34 (b), the switch transfers the traffic from the S1 optical fiber to the P1 optical fiber and receives the AC signals from Node A on the P1 optical fiber to be dropped. In this way, the working traffic between Node A and C is protected and will not be lost. The switch will return to its original position when the fault is removed. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports both the two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring and the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring, and provides protection on a per path basis. Added/dropped traffic can be increased by choosing protection for some of or all of the paths (The capacity can range from N STM-1 to 2N STM-1 for STM-N path rings). Switching is effected by judging the quality of the path signals according to the path alarm signals (for example, TU-AIS, TU-LOP, etc.) as well as the bit error status of the path signals. The switching time of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is less than the 50ms switching time as stipulated in the ITU-T recommendations. The shorter switching time is attributable to the efforts to optimize the path protection in the system hardware and software and is of great significance to the traffic, which is sensitive to the error codes, such as signaling, data, and video.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
CA AC
(a)
CA AC S1/P2 S2/P1
A D C S2/P1 S1/P2 B
X
CA AC Switching
(b)
Figure 3-35 Two-fiber bidirectional multiplexer section shared protection ring
The service path of any number can add at one node and drop at another. In addition, the path timeslots of the same number can be utilized by more than two nodes based on the traffic patterns (ring organization pattern). That is to say, one path timeslot can be repeatedly used. In the case that the optical fiber cable between Node B and Node C is cut, as shown in Figure 3-35 (b), the switches at Node B and Node C adjacent to the broken point will connect the S1/P2 fiber and S2/P1 fiber. With the timeslot switching technology, the working traffic carried over either the S1/P2 fiber or S2/P1 optical fiber can be transferred to the protection signal timeslot of the other optical fiber, thus fulfilling the function of protection switching. For instance, the AU-4 paths numbered 1 to m (working) in the S1/P2 fiber can be transferred to the AU-4s paths N/2+1 to N/2+m (protection) in the S2/P1 fiber. When the fault is rectified, the switch will return to its original position.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the two-fiber bidirectional MS protection ring and effects switching in the case of one-point optical fiber failure/degradation, multi-point optical fiber failure/degradation, system unit failures, NE failures (for example power-off condition or the unit getting plugged-out). It can avoid erroneous connection of traffic in case of multiple-point failure. The switching time of the multiplex section of the OptiX equipment is less than 50ms as stipulated in the ITU-T recommendations.
A D P1 S1 C B
CA AC
CA AC
(a)
S1 P1
A D P1 S1 C B
X
CA AC Switching
(b)
Figure 3-36 Two-fiber unidirectional multiplexer section switching ring
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
In the case of the two optical fibers between Node B and Node C getting cut, the protection switch at Node B and Node C adjacent to the broken point will start the loopback function specified in the APS protocol, as shown in Figure 3-36 (b). At Node B, the service signal AC on fiber S1 returns to fiber P1 through the switch, gets to Node C through Node A and Node D counter-clockwise and then changes back to fiber S1 through switch at Node C for dropping. Other nodes (for example Node A and Node D) function to ensure the service signals carried on fiber P1 to accomplish the normal bridging locally and to transmit to other branch nodes smoothly. The loop-back function guarantees the continuity of the ring even in times of failure so that the working traffic on the low-rate tributaries will not be interrupted. When the fault is rectified, the switch will return to its original position. The two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section switching protection ring is seldom used in actual applications since it has no advantages over either the two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring or two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) fully supports the two-fiber MS dedicated protection ring, which is similar to the two-fiber bidirectional MS switching ring in switching condition, configuration and switching time. Switching time is similar to that of two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
C P2 S2 P1 S1
CA
AC
CA
AC S1 P1 S2 P2 A
C P2 S2 P1 S1
CA
AC
Switching
In the case that there is a cable cut between Node B and Node C, there will be two switches executing the loopback functions respectively at Node B and Node C using the APS protocol to maintain the continuity of the ring as shown in Figure 3-38. At Node B, S1 connects with P1 and S2 with P2. Node C fulfills similar functions. The
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
other nodes ensure that the working traffic on P1 and P2 can perform the normal bridging function at the node. When the fault is rectified, the switch returns to its original position. Four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring has ring switchover (the traffic of the affected sections will be carried by the protection path of the longer path) and section switchover (a protection mechanism similar to 1:1 linear APS, applied in four-fiber rings only). Its service and protection paths are not transmitted over the same fiber so that when the fiber fails, only the protection path will be affected. During span switching, the protection path of the failed span will transmit the working traffic. However, when the two switchovers occur simultaneously, support will be given to the one with higher priority. Several span switchovers can coexist on one ring and only the protection paths will be used for each switched span. In case of more than one failure, (only the service path of one section is impacted, for example, the electrical fault and fiber breakage of service path), the section switchover will be used for full protection. 3. Protection of Interconnecting Traffic between Rings The inter-ring interconnection services can be classified into two types: single-node interconnection (SNI) and dual-node interconnection (DNI). For SNI, line protection scheme can be adopted to protect the services, but this protection scheme can only protect the optical fibers and optical transmitting/receiving ports, and cannot provide protection in case of failure of the interconnecting nodes. For DNI, Recommendation G.842 includes specific requirements for inter-ring service protections. It specifies the protection schemes of two interconnecting nodes respectively in the MS shared ring and path ring working modes. Therefore, by using the protection scheme specified by this recommendation, the protection of inter-connecting services between two ring networks supported by different vendors and different protection schemes can be provided. Protection on both optical fiber and node failures is also activated. The protection of OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) for inter-ring interconnection service under the DNI mode completely complies with Recommendation G.842.
(1) The interconnection service protection of DNI nodes in an MS shared protection ring
The interconnection service between Node A of Ring 1 and Node J of Ring 2 is protected in the DNI mode, as shown in Figure 3-39. Ring 1 is under MS shared protection. The traffic from Node A to Node J is sent to Ring 2 through the intercommunication dual nodes C and D respectively by means of Drop-Continue; whereas the traffic from Node J to Node A sent by Ring 2 enters Ring 1 through Node C and Node D respectively. Traffic Ts from Node D (a protection node) entering Ring 1 travels along the DC optical path and arrives at Node C, the same point where Traffic Tp enters Ring 1. After both Traffic Ts and Tp are compared, the one with better quality is selected to be sent to Node A along the CBA optical path. Under this protection scheme, any failure of the working Node C and the protection Node D, optical fibers in the rings and optical fibers between Nodes C and F or D and G will be protected.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
B
Ring 1:Multiplex section shared protection ring P SS
Tp SS
Ts
P S SS
End point Sub-node Service selection switch Protection path Working path
(2) The interconnection service protection of DNI nodes in a path protection ring
As shown in Figure 3-40, the traffic between Node A of Ring 1 and Node I of Ring 2 is protected in the DNI manner. Ring 1 works in a unidirectional path protection scheme. The working and protection services from Node A to Node I are transmitted in the drop-and-continue mode to interconnecting nodes C and D respectively. The better one will be selected at nodes C and D and further sent off to Ring 2. While the service from Node I of Ring 2 to Node A enters Ring 1 at Nodes C and D respectively. The service that enters Ring 1 from Node C (Working node) arrives at
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Node A along the service path. At the same time, service that enters Ring 1 from Node D (Protection node) will arrive at Node A along the protection path. The better one will be selected and dropped at Node A for path optimization. Under this protection scheme, any failure of Working Node C, Protection Node D, optical fibers in the rings and optical fibers between Nodes C and F or D and G will be protected.
A
B
Ring 1:Channel protection ring
C F
D G
J
Ring 2:Channel protection ring
I
Channel selection switch Protection path Working path
4. Subnetwork Connection Protection As network structures are becoming more and more complicated, the subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) is the only service protection scheme that can be adapted to various network topological structures with a fast switching rate. LO/HO SNCP is the path layer protection, which can be used in different network structures:
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
As shown in Figure 3-41, SNCP uses the 1+1 protection scheme. Services are simultaneously sent on both the working and protection subnetwork connection. When the working subnetwork connection fails, or when its performance deteriorates to a certain level, at the receiving end of the subnetwork connection, the signal from the protection subnetwork connection is selected according to the preference selection rule. Switching usually takes the single-end switching mode, thus it needs no protocol. The protected subnetworks can further result from the lower level subnetwork connections and concatenated link connections.
TM ADM
......
ADM
......
......
STM-4 ADM
SNC start point Protection SNC TM ADM Subnetwork 2 TM ADM
STM-4 ADM
SNC end point
ADM ADM
......
......
Supervision on subnetwork connection can be in two modes: Inherent supervision (SNC/I) and Non-interfering supervision (SNC/N). The protection handling process and the defect detecting processing are realized on two adjacent layers. The service layer completes the defect detecting process, and sends the status message to the client layer in the form of the service layer signal failure (SSF) messages. SNC/N protects the service layer against faults and the client layer against failure and deterioration. With the in-house developed and highly integrated SDH integrated chips with complete functions, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has very powerful higher and lower order cross-connect and overhead processing abilities. It is able to achieve the high-order and low-order SNCP: Sending the services simultaneously to the working subnetwork connections and protection subnetwork connection by means of the broadcasting function of cross matrices. At the receiving end, network elements choose whether the working or the protection subnetwork connections to do the
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
receiving according to the status of the working subnetwork connection and the protection subnetwork connection. Moreover, the HPC or LPC function does the LO/HO SNC switching. Thus, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) not only meets Recommendation G.841, but in most cases, it allows the switching of multiple SNCP, and the system can ensure that the switching time of such multiple SNCPs to be less than 50ms. 5. Shared Fiber Virtual Path Protection The SDH network protection mechanism specified by ITU-T is primarily based on ring networks. As for the meshed networking mode, definitely they fail to enjoy satisfactory protection schemes, as they cannot be detached into a series of optical ring networks. Huawei supports a ring network mode protection based on the path layer, taking the advantages of the features of OptiX series products and the proprietary SDH cross-connect chip. That is, the protection for ring networks is based on higher-order or lower-order paths. From this point of view, the mesh network can be considered as the addition of ring networks comprising multiple paths. If the single path on the ring is protected, it is easier to implement the protection of the mesh network. The protection mechanism of PP ring network and SNCP is based on the path layer, and that of MSP ring is based on the fiber paths. Huawei put forward a concept of logical system based division in order to implement path-layer-based MS protection. The division is to divide the network path resources by logical system unit as required by users and have path re-combination logically. Each logical system uses an exclusive protection mechanism. In this case, the MS protection (for example, 1:N or 1+1 protection scheme) will be exclusively set for the logical systems with MS protection attributes. The paths belonging to other logical systems will not be involved in the path switchover in MS switching. The logical systems with MS protection attributes will be protected separately, but only on the paths set by users. In view of such a design concept of loop division based on paths, Huawei has developed the protection mechanism ideally suitable for the complicated networks at the access side, namely the shared fiber virtual path protection. Shared fiber virtual path protection involves division of the optical path logically, for example, an STM-16 or STM-4, or even STM-1 into multiple lower-order or higher-order paths; and then make loop re-combination at path layer with other links respectively. Furthermore, in view of the loops at path layer, corresponding protection schemes can be set, such as PP, MSP, SNCP, and NP. At the crossing optical paths of meshes, they are made into combinations of many paths logically. As for the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) at the crossing of meshes, its ADM mode is no longer based on optical paths completely, but taken as the combination of a number of path-layer ADMs, and each effect the service adding/dropping of path rings. 6. VP Ring Protection
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
ATM Layer
SDH Layer
ATM Layer
SDH Layer
SDH Layer
ATM Layer
SDH Layer
ATM Layer
As shown in Figure 3-42 (for the sake of simplicity, the services are indicated in single-fiber rings; in actual use, it can have two-fiber rings), the ATM services take the point-to-point-forwarding mode to complete the service sharing. At each site, the cross-connect processing at SDH layer is performed to groom the bandwidth (STM-1) where the ATM shared services are located to the ATM layer. And at the ATM layer, the services from upstream sites will be blended/merged with local services, forwarded to downstream sites to enable the bandwidth sharing. This brings up the problem of protection. For the failures of optical path and the SDH layer, the protection at the SDH layer will be applied. But, for the ATM layer failure, when the SDH layer cannot implement effective monitoring, such failures may probably impact the services of other related sites. To solve such problems, the VP Ring protection scheme of the ATM layer can be introduced.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
The ATM layer VP Ring protection switching uses the theories and features of the SDH APS protection switching. The VP Ring protection falls into individual VP protection and group VP protection (VPG). Individual VP protection refers to the end-to-end connection of the individual VP protection or one section of connection used as service entity and protection entity. Individual VP protection switching is mainly used in cases where protection is not available at service layer. Sometimes, a certain section, which requires high reliability in the VPC needs to be protected and other sections can be left, not protected, which will help minimize the bandwidth necessary for protection. Such mode can also be used to protect the failures both at the ATM layer and the physical layer. The chances of protecting the failures at physical layer only are not eliminated. Group protection refers to a logical VPG comprising one or more connected VPs, which performs protection switching at the unit of group. VPG protection functions to accelerate the ATM layer protection switching (to reach the rate of protection switching at SDH layer); that is to make an overall protection available by connecting multiple VPs/VCs as a group. VPG protection mainly functions to recover the faults of then physical layer and to protect the ATM layer. VPG protection can be used in combination with individual VP. VP Ring protection switching is a protection mechanism by taking advantage of the preserved protection resources, which can be applied in any physical topology. The preserved protection resources include the routes and the bandwidth. The implementation of the ATM protection switching may be 1+1 or M:N. In the following cases, the VP Ring protection switching will be triggered: a) Operator control (for example, manual switching, forced switching and locked protection) b) SF detected c) SD detected d) WTR timeout In the ATM layer, when the SF or SD alarm is detected, the VP-AIS cell will be transmitted to relevant sites as soon as possible. In the relevant destination of protection domain, the transmission layer protection and the ATM layer protection need to be coordinated for troubleshooting. In case of failure, the ATM layer function will be delayed in its startup. When the AIS status goes on for X seconds (X number to be between 4 to 10 seconds, 500ms being the minimum), the ATM layer protection switching will be started.
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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
P1 P1
A D C S1 S1
CA
AC
(a)
AC CA Switching
P1 P1
A D C S1 S1
CA
AC
Switching
(b)
Figure 3-43 Illustration of ATM layer VP/VPG 1+1 protection
The ATM services between nodes A and C, two connections (service path and protection path) are established, VP/VPG. In normal cases, transmit-end chooses the services to be transmitted by service path. When fault occurs to the primary ring, the corresponding invalidity information will be detected at the receiving end and protection will be started to adjust the received traffic onto the protection paths to achieve the protection over ATM services.
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In the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), such modes as bottom-to-top and layered delay are used to enable the coordination of layered protection. In the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), the point-to-point PDH services and Ethernet transparent transmission services do not involve the problems of bandwidth-sharing. Thus, the perfect SDH protection schemes can be availed. For the ATM services, with the adoption of the point-to-point-forwarding bandwidth sharing mode, both the SDH and the ATM layers protection are involved. For such alarms that may be detected at the SDH layer as LOS caused by fiber invalidity, protection of the SDH layer will be started directly. While, the protection at the ATM layer, the delayed mode will be used. In case the SDH protection succeeds, the ATM layer protection will be cancelled. If it fails, the ATM layer protection will be started. In this way, the merits of the SDH layer such as quickness and security are guaranteed and at the same time, it is complimented by the SDH layer protection, which further improves the system security. For the invalidity at ATM layer (for example, ATM cell bit error), the ATM layer protection scheme is directly started as the SDH layer fails to detect such alarm information to ensure the quick startup of the protection switching, as illustrated in Figure 3-44.
Service recovery?
No start
Start
7. Subnetwork Connection Multi-trail Protection (SNCMP) The SNCMP function, which provides multiple protection trails for services by sending multiple services from the service source and receiving selected services at the service sink, is a supplement to subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) and path protection (PP) that have been supported. The SNCP can protect the line-to-line services only, and the PP can protect the line-to-tributary services only. In the case of multi-trail protection, the service source and service sink can be in either the line direction or the tributary direction.
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The principle of SNCMP is as shown in Figure 3-45. The service source broadcasts services to multiple service routes, and then the service sink judges the priorities of the received services and selects the desired ones to receive according to their quality. When both the working and protection trails receive services correctly, the service sink receives services of the working trail.
A
Working
B Service sink
Sevice source
As shown in Figure 3-46, the working and protection trails of SNCMP, of which the second protection trail Protection 2 uses micro services as the transmission media. In normal cases, station C receives services from the working trail.
C D
Protection 1
B A
Working Microwave Radio
When the transmission between Stations A and B fails, as shown in Figure 3-47, Station C receives services from the higher level protection trail Protection 1.
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C D
Protection 1
B
Working
Microwave Radio
When the transmissions between Stations A and B and between Stations A and D fail at the same time, as shown in Figure 3-48, Station C receives services from the second protection trail Protection 2.
C D
Protection 1
B
Working
Microwave Radio
3-59
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
4 Mechanical Structure
4.1 Overview
The mechanical structure of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) includes cabinet, subracks, circuit boards, fan box, and power supply frames. The cabinet holds various types of subracks. The circuit boards are inserted into a subrack to configure various types of network elements.
4-1
Mechanical Structure
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
4-2
Mechanical Structure
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
4-3
Mechanical Structure
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
1. IU1/P 2. IU2 3. IU3 8. XCS 9. IU7 10. IU8 15. SCC 16. IUP 18. Jack for antistatic wrist strap
4. IU4 5. IU5 11. IU9 12. IU10 17. Fiber clamp 19. Grounding hole
4-4
Mechanical Structure
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
4-5
Mechanical Structure
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
3. Indicator
4. Air filter
5. FAN board
4-6
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
A
Bit rate (kbit/s)
155520 622080 2488320 9953280
SDH
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STS-N OC-N STM-N
Electrical signal
STS-3
Synchronous Transport Signal Level-N Optical Carrier Level-N Synchronous Transport Module Level-N
A-1
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM-16
AU-4-16c
VC-4-16c
C-4-16c
STM-4
x 1
x 1
AU-4-4c
VC-4-4c
C-4-4c
STM-1
x 1
x 1
AU-4
VC-4 x 3 TUG-3 x 1
C-4
139264 kbit/s
TU-3
VC-3
AU-3
6312 kbit/s VC-2 C-2 2048 kbit/s C-12 VC-Trunk 10/100 M 1544 kbit/s C-11
Section overhead processing N grade multiplexing (N=1, 4, 16,....) Pointer processing Path overhead processing Code rate justification
TU-11
VC-11
The multiplexing mapping structure of the OptiX Metro 3100 Mapping Alignment Multiplexing
A-2
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM-N Payload
9 rows
Frame
n-1
Frame
Frame n+1
A-3
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
A.4 SOH
A.4.1 STM-1 SOH
The structure of STM-1 section overhead (SOH) is shown in Figure A-3.
9 columns
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 B1 D1 E1 D2 F1 D3 RSOH
9 rows
Note: All non-marked bytes are reserved for future international standard use
A-4
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
* RSOH
9 rows
K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 MSOH
Unscrambled bytes
Note: All non-marked bytes are reserved for future international standard use
A-5
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Z2
M1
Z2
Z2
Unscrambled bytes
Note: All unmarked bytes are reserved for futureintemational additional national use and other purposes) ZO: TO be determined by future international standard
Byte
A1, A2 B1 B2 D1, D2, D3 D4D12 E1
Description
Framing bytes. A1=F6H, A2=28H Regenerator section bit error monitoring BIP-8 Multiplexer section bit error monitoring BIP-24N Regenerator section DCC path, 192 kbit/s Multiplexer section DCC path, 576 kbit/s Regenerator section orderwire bytes 64 kbit/s
A-6
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Description
Multiplexer section orderwire bytes 64 kbit/s Data/Voice channel provided by the network Administration unit pointer Management unit pointer adjustment byte Regenerator section trace byte Multiplexer section automatic protection switching (APS) byte Multiplexer section remote error indication Synchronization status byte: S1(b5b8) To be determined in the future
A-7
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
A.5 POH
A.5.1 Higher-order POH VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH Bytes
Table A-3 Description of VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc path overhead (POH) bytes J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 Higher-order path trace byte Higher-order path BIP-8 error monitoring byte Higher-order path signal label byte Path status byte Higher-order path user channel byte Multiframe position indicator for payloads Higher-order path user channel byte Automatic protection switching (APS) channel Network operator
Note: The VC-3 POH is located in the first column of the (9-row by 85-column) VC-3 structure. The VC-4 POH is located in the first column of the (9-row by 261-column) VC-4 structure. The VC-4-xc POH is located in the first column of the (9-row by 261*X-column) VC-4-Xc structure.
A-8
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
5 4
3 VPI VCI
5 4 VPI
VPI VCI
VCI
VCI
PT HEC
CLP
VCI
PT HEC
CLP
ATM cell
GFC: Generic Flow Control PT: Payload Type Identifier Figure B-1 ATM cell structure
B-1
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
C Features
Type of interface
ATM interface Ethernet interface
SDH/PDH electrical interface SDH optical interface DDN interface Timing interface Auxiliary interface
C-1
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Type of interface
Optical interface (LC/PC)
Type of interface
Electrical interface (RJ-45) Optical interface (LC/PC) Optical interface (SC)
Transmission rate
1544 kbit/s
Code type
B8ZS code, AMI code
C-2
Interface type
1. Frame E1 interface
Interface description
Standard
The physical and electrical characteristics comply with ITU-T Recommendation G.703, and the frame structure complies with ITU-T Recommendation G.704. In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation V.35 In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation V.24 In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation X.21 In compliance with EIA RS-449 (RS-423A and RS-422A) In compliance with EIA RS-530 In compliance with EIA RS-530A In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.991.2
V.35 interface V.24 interface 2. N x 64 kbit/s interface X.21 interface RS-449 interface RS-530 interface RS-530A interface 3. SHDSL interface Access 2 x SHDSL signals, with the max. transmission distance of 3000 m.
C-3
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Administration interface
Orderwire telephone interface Data interface
Ethernet
3 two-line (2 W) orderwire telephone interfaces One F1 concurrent data interface, four RS422/RS232 optional interfaces.
C-4
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Capacity
The maximum SDH cross connection capacity of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is 128 x 128 VC-4. The cross connection capacity provided by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Table C-9.
Table C-9 SDH cross-connection capacity XCS Access capacity Cross-connect capacity Cross-connect category Method of cross-connection 96 x STM-1 HO: 128 x 128 VC-4 LO: 2016 x 2016 VC-12 VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 In any mode between the interfaces XCL 32 x STM-1 HO: 48 x 48 VC-4 LO: 1008 x 1008 VC-12 VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 In any mode between the interfaces
C-5
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Type of board
SL1 SD1 SQ1 SL4 SD4 S16 AL1 ET1 COA SPQ4 DM12 EMF4 EGT2 EMT8 EMF8 LPDR AOQ1 EIPC EFS0
C-6
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Cabinet dimensions (ETSI standard cabinet) Subrack dimensions Cabinet weight Unequipped subrack weight
2000 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2200 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2600 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 668 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 542 mm (depth) 92 kg (2000 mm high), 101 kg (2200 mm high), 112.3 kg (2600 mm high) 27 kg
C-7
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
C.7 EMC
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) complies with ETS300386 and ETS300127, as shown in Table C-11.
Table C-11 Electromagnetic compatibility Radiated emission Conducted emission Electrostatic discharge Inject current immunity Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields EN55022 compliant EN55022 compliant EN61000-4-2 compliant ENV50141 compliant ENV50140 compliant
C-8
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
ETS 300 019-1-3: Class 3.2 Partly temperature-controlled locations; NEBS GR-63-CORE: Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) requirement: Physical protection.
Item
Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity
Range
5000 m 70106 kPa 40C to +70C 1C/min 10%100%
C-9
Features Item
Solar radiation Heat radiation Air speed
2. Waterproof Requirement
(1) Equipment storage requirements at the customer site: Generally the equipment is stored indoors, where there is no water on the floor and no water leakage on the packing boxes of the equipment. (2) The equipment should not be stored in places where leakage is probable, such as near the auto firefighting and heating facilities. (3) If the equipment is required to be stored outdoors, the following four conditions should be met at the same time:
The packing boxes are intact. Necessary rainproof measures should have been taken to prevent rainwater from entering the packing boxes. There is no water on the ground where the packing boxes are stored, let alone water entering into the packing boxes. The packing boxes are not directly exposed to the sun. 3. Biological Environment Propagation of fungi and mould fungi should be suppressed. No rodent animals (for example, mice). 4. Air Cleanness No explosion-conducting, electricity, and magnetic conductive and corrosive dust are allowed. The concentration of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-14.
Table C-14 Concentration requirements for mechanical active substances
Content
5.00 mg/m 20.0 mg/mh 300 mg/m
C-10
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The concentration of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-15.
Table C-15 Concentration requirements for chemical active substances
Content
0.30 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.50 mg/m 1.00 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.01 mg/m 0.05 mg/m
5. Mechanical Stress
Table C-16 Requirement for mechanical stress
Item
Sinusoidal vibration
Sub-item
Displacement Accelerated speed Frequency range
Range
7.0 mm 29 Hz Collision response spectrum II Static load 20.0 m/s 9200 Hz 250 m/s 5 kPa
Collision response spectrum: A response curve of the highest accelerated speed, generated by the equipment at the strike of a specified collision. Collision response spectrum II implies the duration of the semisinusoidal collision response spectrum is 6ms. Static load: The downward pressure borne by the packaged equipment piled in a specified way.
C-11
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Item
Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity Solar radiation Heat radiation Air speed
Range
5000 m 70106 kPa 40C to +70C 3C/min 10%100% 1120 W/s 600 W/s 30 m/s
2. Waterproof Requirement The following conditions should be met during the transportation: The packing boxes are intact. Necessary rainproof measures should be taken for the means of transport to prevent rainwater from entering the packing boxes, There is no water in the means of transportation. 3. Biological Environment Propagation of fungi and mould fungi should be suppressed. No rodent animals (for example, mice). 4. Air Cleanness No explosion-conducting, electricity and magnetic conductive, and corrosive dust are allowed. The concentration of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-18.
C-12
Features
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Table C-18 Concentration requirements for mechanical active substances
Content
No requirement. 3.0 mg/mh 100 mg/m
The concentration of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-19.
Table C-19 Concentration requirements for chemical active substances
Content
0.30 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.50 mg/m 1.00 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.01 mg/m 0.05 mg/m
C-13
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Item
Sinusoidal vibration
Sub-item
Displacement Accelerated speed Frequency range Accelerated speed spectral density Frequency range 7.5 mm 29 Hz 10 m/s 29 Hz
Range
20.0 m/s 9200 Hz 3 m/s 9200 Hz 300 m/s 10 kPa 40.0 m/s 200500 Hz 1 m/s 200500 Hz
Random vibration
Astable collision
Note: Collision response spectrum: A response curve of the highest accelerated speed, generated by the equipment at the strike of a specified collision. Collision response spectrum II implies the duration of the semisinusoidal collision response spectrum is 6ms. Static load: The downward pressure borne by the packaged equipment piled in a specified way.
Equipment name
Temperature
Long-term operation 0C to 40C Short-term operation -5C to 45C
Relative humidity
Long-term operation 10% to 90% Short-term operation 5% to 95%
Note: The temperature and humidity values are those obtained 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m ahead the equipment. Short-term operation means the consecutive operating time of the equipment does not exceed 96 hours, and the operating time accumulated in one year does not exceed 15 days.
C-14
Features
Table C-22 Other climate requirements
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Item
Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature change rate Solar radiation Heat radiation Air speed
Range
4000 m 70106 kPa 5C/h 700 W/s 600 W/s 1 m/s
2. Biological Environment Propagation of fungi and mould fungi should be suppressed. No rodent animals (for example, mice). 3. Air Cleanness No explosion-conducting, electricity and magnetic conductive, and corrosive dust are allowed. The concentration of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-23.
Table C-23 Concentration requirements for mechanical active substances
Content
3 x 105 particles/m 0.4 mg/m 15 mg/mh 100 mg/m
The concentration of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-24.
Table C-24 Concentration requirements for chemical active substances
Content
0.20 mg/m 0.006 mg/m 0.05 mg/m
C-15
4. Mechanical Stress
Table C-25 Requirement for mechanical stress
Item
Sinusoidal vibration
Sub-item
Displacement Accelerated speed Frequency range
Range
3.5 mm 29 Hz 10.0 m/s 9200 Hz 100 m/s 0
(1) Collision response spectrum: A response curve of the highest accelerated speed, generated by the equipment at the strike of a specified collision. Collision response spectrum II implies the duration of the semisinusoidal collision response spectrum is 6ms. (2) Static load: The downward pressure borne by the packaged equipment piled in a specified way.
C-16
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
D Major Specifications
Optical Interface
D.1.1 SDH Optical Interface Parameters
1. Optical Interface Classification Different optical transmitter powers and receiver sensitivities may lead to different possible transmission distances. The categorization of optical interfaces is shown in Table D-1.
D-1
Major Specifications
Table D-1 Optical interface classification codes
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Application
Nominal wavelength (nm) Fiber type Transmission distance (km)* STM-1 STM level Ie-1
Intra-office
1310 Mutlimode optical fiber G.652
up to 15 S-1.1 S-1.2
up to 40 L-1.1
up to 80 L-1.2 L-1.3
STM-4 STM-16
S-4.1 S-16.1
S-4.2 S-16.2
L-4.1 L-16.1
L-4.3 L-16.3
2. Interface Parameters The specifications of various types of optical interface parameters are given in Table D-2, Table D-3 and Table D-4.
D-2
Major Specifications
Table D-2 Specifications of STM-1 optical interface parameters
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path features between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR
Unit
kbit/s Ie-1 nm 1260 1360 LED nm nm dB dBm 14 14 80 AF-UNI011-047 1270 1380 LED 200
Numerical value
155520 I-1 12601360 MLM 40 LED 80 S-1.1 1261 1360 MLM 7.7 L-1.2 1280 1335 MLM 4 1480 1580 SLM 1 30 8 0 0
dBm
19
20
15
15
dB
8.2
8.2
8.2
10
10
dB ps/nm dB
07 25 N/A
07 18 N/A 25
012 96 N/A
10 28 N/A 20
dB
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
25
D-3
Numerical value
155520 28 8 1 N/A 34 10 1 N/A 34 10 1 25
D-4
Major Specifications
Table D-3 Specification of STM-4 optical interface parameters
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Characteristics of transmitter at point S Max. 20 dB width Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Optical path features between points SR Max. dispersion Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Receiver at reference point R Min. overload point Max. optical path penalty Max. reflectance of the receiver measured at point R
Unit
kbit/s I-4 nm 1261 1360 MLM nm nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm dB dB dBm dBm dB dB 14.5 8 15 8.2 07 N/A N/A 23 8 1 N/A
Numerical value
622080 S-4.1 1274 1356 MLM 2.5 8 15 8.2 012 74 N/A N/A 27 8 1 N/A L-4.1 1300 1325 MLM 2.0 2 3 10 1024 92 20 25 27 8 1 14 L-4.2 1480 1580 SLM <1 30 2 3 10 1024 1640 24 27 27 8 1 27
D-5
Major Specifications
Table D-4 Specifications of STM-16 (G.957) optical interface parameters (a)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path features between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at R
Unit
kbit/s I-16 nm 1266 1360 MLM nm nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm dB 40 3 10 8.2 07 N/A 24 S-16.1 1260 1360 SLM 1 30 0 5 8.2 012 N/A 24
Numerical value
2488320 S-16.2 1430 1580 SLM 1 30 0 5 8.2 012 N/A 24 L-16.1 1280 1335 SLM 1 30 +3 2 8.2 1024 N/A 24 L-16.2 1500 1580 SLM <0.75 30 +3 2 8.2 1024 1200 1600 24 24 Le-16.2 1530 1560 SLM <0.75 30 +3 2 8.2 1024
dB
27
27
27
27
27
27
dBm dBm dB dB
18 3 1 27
18 0 1 27
18 0 1 27
27.5 9 1 27
27.5 9 2 27
27.5 9 2 27
D-6
Major Specifications
Table D-5 Specifications of STM-16 (G.957) optical interface parameters (b)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path characteristics between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at point R
Unit
kbit/s U-16.2 nm 1530 1565 SLM V-16.2 1530 1565 SLM <1 30 17 14 8.2 2233 3200
Numerical value
2488320 S-16.2 (Type A) 1430 1580 SLM 1 30 0 5 8.2 012 NA L-16.2 (Type B) 1500 1580 SLM <0.75 30 +3 2 8.2 1024 1200 1600 24 L-16.2JE (Type C) 1530 1560 SLM <0.6 30 5 8.2 28 2400
nm
nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm
dB
24
24
24
24
dB dBm dBm dB
27 34 18 2
27 27.5 9 2
27 18 0 1
27 27.5 9 2
27 27.5 9 2
dB
27
27
27
27
27
D-7
Major Specifications
Table D-6 Specifications of STM-16 (G.957) optical interface parameters (c)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path characteristics between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at point R
Unit
Kbit/s 8 x 22 dB nm
Numerical value
STM-16 5 x 30 dB 2488320 3 x 33 dB
1535.82 1535.82 1535.82 1560.61 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed wavelengths) wavelengths) wavelengths) SLM SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 12000 SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 7200
0.2 35 0 10 10 07 12800
dB
24
24
24
dB dBm dBm dB
27 25 9 2
27 25 9 2
27 25 9 2
dB
27
27
27
D-8
Major Specifications
Table D-7 Specifications of STM-16 (G.692) optical interface parameters
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path characteristics between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at point R
Unit
Kbit/s
Numerical value
STM-16 8 x 22 dB 2488320 5 x 30 dB 3 x 33 dB
nm
1535.821560.61 1535.82 1535.82 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed wavelength) wavelength) wavelength) SLM SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 12000 SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 7200
0.2 35 0 10 10 07 12800
dB
24
24
24
dB dBm dBm dB
27 25 9 2
27 25 9 2
27 25 9 2
dB
27
27
27
D-9
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM levels
Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
STM-1
S-4.1
STM-16
D-10
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM levels
Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
D-11
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM levels
Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
D-12
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM levels
Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
D-13
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM levels
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16
STM levels
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16
Test result
Pass Pass Pass
D-14
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Interface
D.2.1 Signal Bit Rate at Output Port
It refers to the deviation between the actual output signal bit rate at the electrical interface and the nominal bit rate. The specifications of output port signal bit rate deviation of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-14.
Table D-14 Output port signal bit rate deviation
Types
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s
cause a certain degree of loss. The input port of the equipment should be able to receive the attenuated signal properly. The input port attenuation tolerance of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-15.
Table D-15 Attenuation tolerance at input port
Types
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s
D-15
Frequency (kbit/s)
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s
Allowable input frequency deviation test result Positive Negative frequency frequency variation variation
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Frequency (kbit/s)
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s
D-16
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Specs (ms)
50 50 50 50 50 50
D-17
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Interface parameters
Scope
Min. launched power
Unit
dBm dBm
Numerical value
19 (62.5/125m, NA=0.275) 22.5 (50/125m, NA=0.20) 14 (62.5/125m, NA = 0.275) 14 (50/125m, NA = 0.20) 15 8
Ie-1 Optical power S-1.1 Max. launched power Min. launched power Max. launched power Ie-1 Central wavelength S-1.1 Ie-1 Overload optical power S-1.1 Receiver sensitivity Ie-1 S-1.1 Ie-1 Extinction ratio Nominal value Nominal value Nominal value p0: p1 p0: Optical power when the digital signal is all 0s p1: Optical power when the digital signal is all 1s Nominal value Nominal value dBm dBm dBm Max. value Min. value Max. value Min. value Nominal value nm nm nm nm dBm
S-1.1
<10%
UI UI
D-18
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Interface type
1000BASE-SX
Scope
Min. launched optical power Max. launched optical power
Unit
dBm dBm dBm dBm nm nm nm nm dBm dBm dBm dBm dB dB
Numerical value
9.5 4 11.5 3 770 860 1355 1270 0 3 17 19 9 9
1000BASE-SX Central wavelength 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX
Max. value Max. value Min. value Min. value Min. value Min. value
Extinction ratio
D-19
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Specifications
D.5.1 Output Jitter
Output jitter refers to the output jitter values under the situation when there is no input jitters for the equipment. The output jitter specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-21.
Table D-21 Output jitter
0 hours
Pass Pass
4 hours
Pass Pass
Output frequency deviation test result 8 12 16 20 24 hours hours hours hours hours
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Max. values
Pass Pass
D-20
Major Specifications
Table D-23 Long-term phase variation (MTIE)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Test result
Pass Pass
Test result
Pass Pass
Test result
Pass Pass
Test result
Pass Pass
Test result
Pass Pass
Test result
Pass Pass
Test result
Pass Pass
D-21
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM levels
Optical output jitters (UIpp) B1 (f1f4) B2 (f3f4) Standard specs Test result Standard specs Test result
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
D-22
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM level
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16
Jitter tolerance Jitters frequency f2 Jitters frequency f3 Index Index Test Test specs specs result result (UI) (UI)
1.5 1.5 1.5 Pass Pass Pass 0.15 0.15 0.15 Pass Pass Pass
STM level
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16
f1 (Hz)
500 1000 5000
f2 (kHz)
6.5 25 100
f3 (kHz)
65 250 1000
f4 (MHz)
1.3 5 20
D-23
Major Specifications
Table D-28 Input jitter tolerance at PDH tributary interface
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Frequency (kbit/s)
2048 34368 44736 139264
Jitter tolerance Jitters frequency f2 Jitters frequency f3 Index Index Test Test specs specs result result (UI) (UI)
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Pass Pass Pass Pass 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.07 Pass Pass Pass Pass
Frequency (kbit/s)
1544 2048 34368 44736 139264
f1 (Hz)
1 20 100 100 200
f2 (kHz)
2.4 1 1 0.5
f3 (kHz)
8 18 10 30 10
f4 (kHz)
40 100 800 400 3500
f1 High-pass
10 Hz 20 dB/dec
2048 kbit/s
20 Hz 20 dB/dec
0.4 UI
0.075 UI
34368 kbit/s
100 Hz 20 dB/dec
0.4 UI
0.075 UI
D-24
f1 High-pass
10 Hz
0.075 UI
Reverse polarity single pointer (point a) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typical Standard Typical specs value specs value
To be studied 0.4 0.4 To be studied
Regular pointers plus one double pointer (pointer b) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typical Standard Typical specs value specs value
To be studied 0.4 0.4 To be studied 0.4 1.5 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4 To be studied 0.075 0.075 To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075
1.5
0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4
D-25
Major Specifications
Table D-32 Combined jitter at PDH tributary interface (b)
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Reverse polarity single pointer (point c) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typica Standard Typical specs l value specs value
To be studied 0.4 0.4 To be studied 1.5 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4 To be studied 0.075 0.075 To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075
Regular pointers plus one double pointer (pointer d) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typical Standard Typical specs value specs value
To be studied To be studied 0.4 To be studied 0.4 1.5 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4 To be studied To be studied 0.075 To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075
D-26
Major Specifications
Table D-33 Combined jitter at PDH tributary interface (c)
OptiX 2500+ TM
87-3 cycle pointer (point G1) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Standard Typical Standard specs specs value specs
To be studied To be studied To be studied 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.35 To be studied To be studied To be studied To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.070
87-3 cycle pointers plus one double pointer 87-3 cycle pointers plus one double pointer (pointer G2) (UIpp) (pointer G3) (UIpp) B1 B2 B1 B2 Typical Typical Standard Typical Standard Typical Standard Typical value value specs value specs value specs value
To be studied To be studied To be studied 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.35 To be studied To be studied To be studied To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.07 To be studied To be studied To be studied 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.35 To be studied To be studied To be studied To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.070
D-27
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Test item
Conducted emission Radiated emission Electrostatic discharge Immunity to radiated elecromagnetic fields Electrical transient/burst immunity Inject current immunity
Reference Standard
EN55022 Class A EN55022 Class A IEC1000-4-2 (Air Discharge:8 kV;Contact Discharge:6 kV) IEC1000-4-3 (10 V/m) IEC1000-4-4 (2 kV) IEC1000-4-6 (3 V)
Test results
PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
D-28
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
L-1.1 Optical receiver sensitivity S-4.1 L-16.1 L-1.1 Average optical power S-4.1 L-16.1 Clock frequency E1 E3 T3 24-hour bit error STM-1 (electrical) STM-1 (optical) STM-4 STM-16
Index specs
<34 dBm <28 dBm <27 dBm 0 to 5 dBm 15 to 8 dBm 2 to +3 dBm 6 ppm None None None None None None None
D-29
Major Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Items
AF-UNI-011-047 Optical receiver sensitivity L-1.1 S-4.1 L-16.1 AF-UNI-011-047 Average optical power L-1.1 S-4.1 L-16.1 Clock frequency E1 E3 T3 24-hour bit error
Index specs
<29 dBm <34 dBm <28 dBm <27 dBm 20 to 14 dBm 0 to 5 dBm 15 to 8 dBm 2 to +3 dBm 2 to +3 dBm None None None
X Vibration orientation
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Z Vibration orientation
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
STM-1 (electrical) None STM-1 (optical) STM-4 STM-16 None None None
D-30
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
E-1
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
RST LOS/LOF (J0) (B1) (K2) (B2) (M1) (K2) RS-TIM BIP Err. MS-AIS MS-BIP Err. MS-REI MS-RDI "1"
MST
MSA
HPT
HPA
LPT
AIS
"1"
AIS
HP-BIP Errr. HP-REI HP-RDI TU-AIS TU-LOP LOM HP-SLM LP-UNEQ LP-TIM LP-BIP Err. LP-REI LP-RDI LP-SLM "1" AIS "1" AIS "1"
Indicating that corresponding alarm or signal is generated Indicating that corresponding alarm is detected
E-2
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
PHY
PMD SECTION
LOS/LOF "1" AIS LAIS
ATM
TC PATH VP VC
LINE
"1" AIS
PAIS
AIS PRDI
AIS
AIS
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
E-3
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Meaning
Add/Drop Multiplexer Alarm Indication Signal Automatic Protection Switching Asynchronous Transfer Mode Administration Unit AU - Alarm Indication Signal AU - Loss Of Pointer AU - Pointer Negative Justification AU - Pointer Positive Justification Administration Unit Group Administration Unit Pointer Broadband - Integrated Services Digital Networks Built -In Timing System Connection Admission Control Constant Bit Rate
F-1
F-2
LAN LAPB LED LOF LOP LOS LPA LPC LPT LPU LSBCM
F-3
F-4
F-5
F-6
F-7
F-8
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
G Traverse Compatibility
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is designed completely in accordance with the ITU-T recommendations and standards for SDH stipulated by the ATM Forum, as shown in Table G-1. Therefore, it features good traverse compatibility.
Table G-1 Recommendations and standards with which the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) complies
Description
Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64, STM-256 systems and other SDH systems with optical amplifiers Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44736 kbit/s hierarchical levels Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Digital multiplex equipments operating at the third order bit rate of 34 368 kbit/s and the fourth order bit rate of 139 264 kbit/s and using positive justification Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
G-1
G-2
G-3
Index
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Index
network transmission, 3-20 sharing bandwidth, 3-18 auxiliary interface, 1-7
Numerics
1:N protection 1:N line protection, 3-41 electrical interface, 2-33 1+1 protection 1+1 line protection, 3-40 cross-connect unit, 2-33 synchronous timing unit, 2-33 10/100M Ethernet service Ethernet service transmission, 3-26 mapping mode, 3-21 service security guarantee, 3-24 VLAN-based flow control, 3-22 VLAN-based subscriber management, 3-24
B
backbone layer, 1-1 board configuration ADM, 3-5 extended subrack configuration, 3-6 hybrid configuration, 3-8 TM, 3-4 board,power consumption, C-6 built-in Ethernet ring, 1-6
C
cabinet dimensions, 4-2, C-7 weight, 4-2, C-7 capacity expansion capability, 1-8 clock synchronization performance, 1-8 clock synchronous network technology clock tracking, 2-40 synchronous status information, 2-39 clock tracking external BITS failure, 2-42 normal state, 2-41 optical fiber breakage, 2-42 configuration access capability, 3-1 configuration mode, 3-3 configuration mode board configuration, 3-4 board slot assignment, 3-3 cabinet configuration principle, 3-3 optical amplification board, 3-11
A
abbreviation, F-1 access capacity, 1-6 access layer, 1-1 acronym, F-1 ADM, 1-4 appearance. see also structure ATM alarm signal, E-3 cell structure, B-1 ATM interface specification, D-18 ATM interface unit AL1, 2-8 AOO1, 2-8 AOQ1, 2-8 ATM layer protection, 2-37 ATM service access bandwidth convergence, 3-17
Index
protection configuration, 3-9
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
ET1, 2-9 Ethernet service 10/100M Ethernet service. Gigabit Ethernet service. Ethernet service transmission multi-point-to-multi-point, 3-33 point-to-multi-point, 3-28 point-to-point, 3-26 expansion, capacity, 1-8 extended subrack OptiX 155/622(Metro2050), 3-6 OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), 3-7
D
DDN interface unit DM12, 2-19 DX1, 2-19 function, 2-19 DDN service, 1-6 DDN-incorportated SDH network, 3-38 implementation, 3-38 dimensions cabinet, 4-2, C-7 subrack, 4-4, C-7
F
functional architecture, 2-1 functional unit ATM interface unit, 2-8 auxiliary interface unit, 2-31 auxiliary power backup unit, 2-31 DDN interface unit, 2-19 Ethernet interface unit, 2-9 overhead processing unit, 2-29 PDH interface unit, 2-16 SCC, 2-26 SDH cross-connect matrix unit, 2-22 SDH interface unit, 2-13 synchronous timing unit, 2-25 tone&data access unit, 2-20
E
electrical interface allowable frequency deviation, D-16 anti-interference capability, D-16 attenuation tolerance, D-15 combined jitter, D-25 input jitter tolerance, D-23 mapping jitter, D-24 protection switching time, D-17 signal bit rate, D-15 electromagnetic compatibility, C-8 EMC performance, 1-8 environment for storage air cleanness, C-10 biological environment, C-10 climate, C-9 mechanical stress, C-11 waterproof requirement, C-10 environmental requirement environment for storage, C-9 environmental index, C-9 operation environment, C-14 transportation environment, C-12 equipment-level protection 1+1 and 1:N protection, 2-32 power unit protection, 2-34 processing board protection, 2-32 SDH cross-connect matrix protection, 2-33 specific service protection, 2-34 synchronous timing protection, 2-33 TPS protection, 2-32 Ethernet interface unit EFS0, 2-11 EFT, 2-13 EGT, 2-11 EGT2, 2-12 EMF4, 2-12 EMF8, 2-12 EMS1, 2-10 EMT8, 2-12
G
GE optical interface specification, D-19 Gigabit Ethernet service LAPS encapsulation, 3-25 SDH size flow control, 3-26 transparent transmission, 3-34
I
in-service upgrade, 2-44 interconnecting service protection DNI nodes in MSP ring, 3-49 DNI nodes in PP ring, 3-50 interface ATM interface, C-2 auxiliary interface, C-4 clock interface, C-4 DDN interface, C-3 Ethernet interface, C-2 PDH interface, C-2 SDH electrical interface, C-2 SDH optical interface, C-2 type, C-1 interface jitter performance, 1-8 IU processing board, 2-1
Index
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM-1 interface parameters, D-3 STM-4 interface parameters, D-5
L
line protection switching 1:N line protection, 3-41 1+1 line protection, 3-40 LTU processing board, 2-1
P
PDH interface access capacity, 1-7 PDH interface unit E1/T1 interface board, 2-18 E3/T3 interface board, 2-19 PD1, 2-17 PL3, 2-18 PM1, 2-17 PQ1, 2-17 PQM, 2-17 protection characteristic, 2-17 PDH service chain network, 3-12 hybrid network, 3-15 ring network, 3-13 POH VC-12 POH byte, A-8 VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH byte, A-8 power monitoring function, 1-13 power source requirement, C-6 power supply, 1-13 PP ring introduction, 2-36 two-fiber bidirection PP ring, 3-42 two-fiber unidirection PP ring, 3-41 processing capability asynchronous data, 1-13 ATM service, 1-9 ECC, 1-8 EFS0, 1-11 EFT, 1-11 EGT, 1-11 EGT2, 1-11 EMS1, 1-10 ET1, 1-10 Ethernet service, 1-10 tone&data, 1-13 protection configuration existing two protection scheme, 3-10 PDH interface board, 3-9 protection scheme, 3-11 STM-1 electrical interface board, 3-9 protection mechanism, 1-12
M
MADM, 1-4 MANs, 1-1 MSP chain, 2-35 MSP ring four-fiber MSP ring, 3-47 introduction, 2-35 two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, 3-44 two-fiber unidirectional MSP ring, 3-46 MSTP, 1-1 multi-system capability, 1-9 multi-system NE structure, 1-4
N
networking ATM service, 3-17 DDN service, 3-36 Ethernet service, 3-21 PDH service, 3-12 self-healing protection, 3-40 networking capability, 1-11 network-level protection ATM layer service protection, 2-37 Ethernet service protection, 2-38 interconnected network protection, 2-36 SDH trail protection, 2-35 SNCP, 2-36 virtual optical fiber protection ring, 2-37
O
OA&M, 1-2 operation environment air cleanness, C-15 biological environment, C-15 climate, C-14 mechanical stress, C-16 optical interface AIS rate, D-14 allowable frequency deviation, D-14 classification, D-1 extinction ratio, D-11 jitter tolerance, D-23 mean launched power, D-10 output jitter, D-22 receiver overload optical power, D-13 receiver sensitivity, D-12
R
REG, 1-4 ring network protection four-fiber MSP ring, 3-47 two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, 3-44 two-fiber bidirectional PP ring, 3-42 two-fiber unidirectional MSP ring, 3-46
Index
two-fiber unidirectional PP ring, 3-41
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
SSM management function, 1-13 STM-16 optical interface, 1-7 STM-16 optical interface parameter, D-6 STP, 2-38 structure cabinet structure, 4-2 fan box structure, 4-6 subrack structure, 4-4 subrack back view, 4-5 dimension, C-7 dimensions, 4-4 front view, 4-4 weight, 4-4, C-7 synchronous timing unit interface, 2-25 SSM function, 2-25 timing source, 2-26 working mode, 2-26 system architecture, 1-3 auxiliary interface, 1-3 control&communication, 1-3 cross-connect capacity, 1-3 features, 1-6 functionality, 1-9 interface, 1-3 introduction, 1-1 NE structure, 1-4 networkwide solution, 1-1 NM structure, 1-5 overhead processing, 1-3
S
SCC functionality and principle, 2-26 message communication function, 2-28 software function, 2-28 synchronous equipment management function, 2-27 SDH alarm signal, E-2 cross-connection capacity, C-5 frame structure, A-3 level, A-1 multiplexing structure, A-2 transmission rate, A-1 SDH cross-connect matrix unit add/drop, 2-23 broadcast, 2-23 cross-connect, 2-25 cross-connect function, 2-22 direct connection, 2-22 loopback, 2-24 SDH interface unit checking physical interface parameter, 2-16 S16, 2-13 SDE, 2-15 SPQ4, 2-15 SQE, 2-15 SDH trail protection MSP chain, 2-35 MSP ring, 2-35 PP ring, 2-36 self-healing protection interconnecting service protection, 3-49 line protection switching, 3-40 ring network protection, 3-41 shared fiber virtual path protection, 3-53 SNCP, 3-51 subnetwork connection multi-trail protection, 3-57 VP ring protection, 3-53 service configuration, 1-7 service interface, 1-6 slot assignment, 2-2 SNCP, 2-36, 3-51 SOH byte, A-6 STM-1, A-4 STM-16, A-6 STM-4, A-4 specific service protection checking board temperature, 2-34 over-voltage and under-voltage protection, 2-34 power backup function, 2-34 software loading protection, 2-34
T
Test EMC, D-28 environment, D-29 vibration, D-30 timing and synchronization interface internal oscillator output frequency, D-20 long-term phase variation, D-20 output jitter, D-20 TM, 1-4 TM NE system, 1-4 tone&data accesss unit data interface, 2-21 E1 interface, 2-21 function, 2-20 tone interface, 2-21 tone&data interface transfer board, 2-20 TPS protection, 2-32 transportation environment air cleanness, C-12 biological environment, C-12 climate, C-12
Index
mechanical stress, C-14 waterproof requirement, C-12 traverse compatibility, G-1
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
protected object, 3-53 VP ring layered protection, 3-56 VP ring protection, 3-54 VP ring protection implementation, 3-55
U
ultra long-haul transmission solution, 1-7 upgrade,in-service, 2-44
W
weight cabinet, 4-2, C-7 subrack, 4-4, C-7
V
VP ring protection