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1 System Overview .......................................................................................... 1.1 Introduction............................................................................................. 1.2 System Architecture ............................................................................... 1.2.1 NE Structure .................................................................................. 1.2.2 NM System ....................................................................................

1.3 Features ................................................................................................. 1.4 Functionality ........................................................................................... 2 Functionality ................................................................................................. 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 2.2 Functional Units ...................................................................................... 2.2.1 ATM Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.2 Ethernet Interface Unit ................................................................... 2.2.3 SDH Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.4 PDH Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.5 DDN Interface Unit ......................................................................... 2.2.6 Tone and Data Access Unit & RS- 232/ RS- 422 Interface Unit .... 2.2.7 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix Unit .................................................... 2.2.8 Synchronous Timing Unit ............................................................... 2.2.9 SCC ............................................................................................... 2.2.10 Overhead Processing Unit ........................................................... 2.2.11 Auxiliary Interface Unit ................................................................. 2.2.12 Power Backup Unit ...................................................................... 2.3 Equipment-Level Protection ................................................................... 2.3.1 Protection of Processing Boards .................................................... 2.3.2 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit ........... 2.3.3 Power Unit ..................................................................................... 2.3.4 Abnormality-Specific Service Protection ........................................ 2.4 Network-Level Protection ....................................................................... 2.4.1 SDH Trail Protection ...................................................................... 2.4.2 SNCP ............................................................................................. 2.4.3 Service Protection of Interconnected Networks ............................. 2.4.4 Virtual Optical Fiber Protection Ring .............................................. 2.4.5 ATM Layer Service Protection ....................................................... 2.4.6 STP Protection of Ethernet Service ............................................... 2.5 Clock Synchronous Network Technology ............................................... 2.6 In-Service Upgrade of Unit Functions .................................................... 3 Configuration and Networking .................................................................... 3.1 Configuration .......................................................................................... 3.1.1 Access Capability...........................................................................

1-1 1-1 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-9 2-1 2-1 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-13 2-16 2-19 2-20 2-22 2-25 2-26 2-29 2-31 2-31 2-32 2-32 2-33 2-34 2-34 2-35 2-35 2-36 2-36 2-37 2-37 2-38 2-39 2-44 3-1 3-1 3-1

3.1.2 Configuration Mode........................................................................ 3.2 Networking ............................................................................................. 3.2.1 Basic Networking Modes of PDH Service ...................................... 3.2.2 ATM Service .................................................................................. 3.2.3 Ethernet Service Basic Networking Modes .................................... 3.2.4 Basic Networking Mode for DDN Service Transmission ................ 3.2.5 Self-Healing Protection .................................................................. 4 Mechanical Structure ................................................................................... 4.1 Overview ................................................................................................ 4.2 Cabinet Structure ................................................................................... 4.3 Subrack Structure ................................................................................... 4.4 Fan Box .................................................................................................. A Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes............... A.1 Levels of SDH ........................................................................................ A.2 Multiplexing Structure ............................................................................ A.3 Basic Frame Structure ........................................................................... A.4 SOH ....................................................................................................... A.4.1 STM-1 SOH ................................................................................... A.4.2 STM-4 SOH ................................................................................... A.4.3 STM-16 SOH ................................................................................. A.4.4 SOH Byte....................................................................................... A.5 POH ....................................................................................................... A.5.1 Higher-order POH VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH Bytes ...................... A.5.2 Lower-order POH VC-12 POH Bytes ............................................ B ATM Cell Structure ....................................................................................... B.1 ATM Cell Structure................................................................................. C Features ........................................................................................................ C.1 Types of Interface .................................................................................. C.1.1 ATM Interface ................................................................................ C.1.2 Ethernet Interface .......................................................................... C.1.3 SDH Optical Interface .................................................................... C.1.4 PDH and SDH Electrical Interfaces ............................................... C.1.5 DDN Interface Type ....................................................................... C.1.6 Clock Interface .............................................................................. C.1.7 Auxiliary Interface .......................................................................... C.2 Types of Applications ............................................................................. C.3 Cross-Connection and Access Capacity ............................................... C.4 Power Source Requirements .................................................................

3-3 3-12 3-12 3-17 3-21 3-36 3-40 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-4 4-6 A-1 A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-4 A-4 A-6 A-6 A-8 A-8 A-8 B-1 B-1 C-1 C-1 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-4 C-5 C-5 C-6

C.5 Power Consumption of Boards .............................................................. C.6 Mechanical Structure ............................................................................. C.7 EMC ....................................................................................................... C.8 Environmental Requirements ................................................................ C.8.1 Environmental Index ...................................................................... C.8.2 Environment for Storage ............................................................... C.8.3 Transportation Environment .......................................................... C.8.4 Operation Environment ................................................................. D Major Specifications .................................................................................... D.1 Performance Specifications of Optical Interface .................................... D.1.1 SDH Optical Interface Parameters ................................................ D.1.2 Mean Launched Power ................................................................. D.1.3 Extinction Ratio (EX) ..................................................................... D.1.4 Receiver Sensitivity (BER=1x10EXP-10) ...................................... D.1.5 Receiver Overload Optical Power (BER=1 x10EXP-10)................ D.1.6 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Optical Input Port .................... D.1.7 AIS Rate at Optical Output Port .................................................... D.2 Specifications for Electrical Interface ..................................................... D.2.1 Signal Bit Rate at Output Port ....................................................... D.2.2 Attenuation Tolerance at Input Port ............................................... D.2.3 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Input Port ................................ D.2.4 Anti-Interference Capability at Input Port ...................................... D.2.5 Electrical Interface Protection Switching Time .............................. D.3 ATM Interface Specifications ................................................................. D.4 Ethernet Interface Specifications ........................................................... D.5 Timing and Synchronization Specifications ........................................... D.5.1 Output Jitter ................................................................................... D.5.2 Output Frequency of Internal Oscillator in Free- run Mode ........... D.5.3 Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode ................................ D.6 Jitter Performance Specifications .......................................................... D.6.1 Output Jitter of STM-N Interface ................................................... D.6.2 Jitter Tolerance of SDH STM-N Input Port .................................... D.6.3 Input Jitter Tolerance at PDH Tributary Interface .......................... D.6.4 Mapping Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface ..................................... D.6.5 Combined Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface .................................. D.7 EMC Test Specifications........................................................................ D.8 Environmental Test ................................................................................ D.9 Vibration Test ......................................................................................... E Alarm Signal Flow Diagrams .......................................................................

C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-9 C-9 C-12 C-14 D-1 D-1 D-1 D-10 D-11 D-12 D-13 D-14 D-14 D-15 D-15 D-15 D-16 D-16 D-17 D-18 D-19 D-20 D-20 D-20 D-20 D-22 D-22 D-23 D-23 D-24 D-25 D-28 D-29 D-30 E-1

F Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................... G Traverse Compatibility ................................................................................

F-1 G-1

HUAWEI

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-service Optical Transmission System Technical Manual V100R006

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-service Optical Transmission System Technical Manual


Manual Version Product Version BOM T2-040282-20040928-C-1.62 V100R006 31026182

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. Please feel free to contact our local office, customer care center or company headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.


Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China Postal Code: 518129 Website: http://www.huawei.com Email: support@huawei.com

Copyright 2004 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved


No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET,

, ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC,

TELLIN, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800, TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA, iTELLIN, HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE, OpenEye, Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, TopEng are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective holders.

Notice
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

1 About This Manual

Release Notes
This manual is for the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Transmission System (referred to as OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) hereinafter).

Related Manuals
The manual package for an optical network product is shipped with the product. The table below lists the manual for the products. Manual Manuals shipped with the product Volume Usage
Introduces the functionality, structure, performance, specifications, and theory of the product. Introduces the hardware of the product, including cabinet, subrack, power, fan, board, and a variety of interfaces. Guides the on-site installation of the product and provides the information of the structural parts.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Technical Manual OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Hardware Description Manual OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Installation Manual

About This Manual Manuals shipped with the product Volume Usage
Troubleshooting Examples OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) Multi-Service Optical Transmission System Maintenance Manual Alarm and Performance Event Routine Maintenance Guides the analysis and troubleshooting of common faults.

Manual

Organization
Chapter
Chapter 1 System Overview Chapter 2 Functionality

Description
Provides an overall description of the architecture and features of the product for the quick understanding of the product by the reader. Describes the O/E interface, clock, optical amplifier, cross-connect matrix, and overhead processing of the product. It also introduces in detail the protection of tributary interface, clock unit, line unit, and cross-connect matrix. In the end it briefly talks about the synchronous network theory based on synchronous status message (SSM). Introduces the networking and protection of the product, illustrated with a few application examples. Talks about the mechanical structure of the product, including cabinet, subrack, and fan. Provides the technical specifications and indices of the functional units as well as the abbreviations for a quick reach of useful information on site.

Chapter 3 Configuration and Networking Chapter 4 Mechanical Structure Appendix AAppendix G

Intended Audience
This manual is for: Network planner Network designer Network administrator

About This Manual

Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout this publication. Symbol Description
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in equipment damage or loss of data. Means reader be careful. The equipment is static-sensitive. Means reader be careful. In this situation, the high voltage could result in harm to yourself or others. Means reader be careful. In this situation, the strong laser beam could result in harm to yourself or others. Means reader take notice. Notes contain helpful suggestions or useful background information.

Release Upgrade Description


Release
T2-040282-20040105-C-1.60 T2-040282-20040528-C-1.61 T2-040282-20040928-C-1.62

Release upgrade description


This manual is the first release. Add the description of EGT2 and EFTboards, Modify the description of EMS1/EFS0. Modify the description of cabinet in chapter 4.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Contents

System Overview
1.1 Introduction 1.2 System Architecture 1.2.1 NE Structure 1.2.2 NM System 1.3 Features 1.4 Functionality 1-1 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-9

Functionality
2.1 Overview 2.2 Functional Units 2.2.1 ATM Interface Unit 2.2.2 Ethernet Interface Unit 2.2.3 SDH Interface Unit 2.2.4 PDH Interface Unit 2.2.5 DDN Interface Unit 2.2.6 Tone and Data Access Unit & RS-232/RS-422 Interface Unit 2.2.7 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix Unit 2.2.8 Synchronous Timing Unit 2.2.9 SCC 2.2.10 Overhead Processing Unit 2.2.11 Auxiliary Interface Unit 2.2.12 Power Backup Unit 2.3 Equipment-Level Protection 2.3.1 Protection of Processing Boards 2.3.2 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit 2.3.3 Power Unit 2.3.4 Abnormality-Specific Service Protection 2-33 2-34 2-34 2-20 2-22 2-25 2-26 2-29 2-31 2-31 2-32 2-32 2-1 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-13 2-16 2-19

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Contents

2.4 Network-Level Protection 2.4.1 SDH Trail Protection 2.4.2 SNCP 2.4.3 Service Protection of Interconnected Networks 2.4.4 Virtual Optical Fiber Protection Ring 2.4.5 ATM Layer Service Protection 2.4.6 STP Protection of Ethernet Service 2.5 Clock Synchronous Network Technology 2.6 In-Service Upgrade of Unit Functions

2-35 2-35 2-36 2-36 2-37 2-37 2-38 2-39 2-44

Configuration and Networking


3.1 Configuration 3.1.1 Access Capability 3.1.2 Configuration Mode 3.2 Networking 3.2.1 Basic Networking Modes of PDH Service 3.2.2 ATM Service 3.2.3 Ethernet Service Basic Networking Modes 3.2.4 Basic Networking Mode for DDN Service Transmission 3.2.5 Self-Healing Protection 3-36 3-40 3-1 3-1 3-3 3-12 3-12 3-17 3-21

Mechanical Structure
4.1 Overview 4.2 Cabinet Structure 4.3 Subrack Structure 4.4 Fan Box 4-1 4-2 4-4 4-6

ii

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Contents

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes


A.1 Levels of SDH A.2 Multiplexing Structure A.3 Basic Frame Structure A.4 SOH A.4.1 STM-1 SOH A.4.2 STM-4 SOH A.4.3 STM-16 SOH A.4.4 SOH Byte A.5 POH A.5.1 Higher-order POH VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH Bytes A.5.2 Lower-order POH VC-12 POH Bytes A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-4 A-4 A-6 A-6 A-8 A-8 A-8

ATM Cell Structure


B.1 ATM Cell Structure B-1

Features
C.1 Types of Interface C.1.1 ATM Interface C.1.2 Ethernet Interface C.1.3 SDH Optical Interface C.1.4 PDH and SDH Electrical Interfaces C.1.5 DDN Interface Type C.1.6 Clock Interface C.1.7 Auxiliary Interface C.2 Types of Applications C.3 Cross-Connection and Access Capacity C.4 Power Source Requirements C.5 Power Consumption of Boards C-1 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-4 C-5 C-5 C-6 C-6

iii

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Contents

C.6 Mechanical Structure C.7 EMC C.8 Environmental Requirements C.8.1 Environmental Index C.8.2 Environment for Storage C.8.3 Transportation Environment C.8.4 Operation Environment

C-7 C-8 C-9 C-9 C-9 C-12 C-14

Major Specifications
D.1 Performance Specifications of Optical Interface D.1.1 SDH Optical Interface Parameters D.1.2 Mean Launched Power D.1.3 Extinction Ratio (EX) D.1.4 Receiver Sensitivity (BER=1 x 10-10) D.1.5 Receiver Overload Optical Power (BER=1 x 10-10) D-13 D.1.6 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Optical Input Port D.1.7 AIS Rate at Optical Output Port D.2 Specifications for Electrical Interface D.2.1 Signal Bit Rate at Output Port D.2.2 Attenuation Tolerance at Input Port D.2.3 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Input Port D.2.4 Anti-Interference Capability at Input Port D.2.5 Electrical Interface Protection Switching Time D.3 ATM Interface Specifications D.4 Ethernet Interface Specifications D.5 Timing and Synchronization Specifications D.5.1 Output Jitter D.5.2 Output Frequency of Internal Oscillator in Free-run Mode D.5.3 Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode D-20 D-20 D-14 D-14 D-15 D-15 D-15 D-16 D-16 D-17 D-18 D-19 D-20 D-20 D-1 D-1 D-10 D-11 D-12

iv

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Contents

D.6 Jitter Performance Specifications D.6.1 Output Jitter of STM-N Interface D.6.2 Jitter Tolerance of SDH STM-N Input Port D.6.3 Input Jitter Tolerance at PDH Tributary Interface D.6.4 Mapping Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface D.6.5 Combined Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface D.7 EMC Test Specifications D.8 Environmental Test D.9 Vibration Test

D-22 D-22 D-23 D-23 D-24 D-25 D-28 D-29 D-30

Alarm Signal Flow Diagrams

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Traverse Compatibility

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1 System Overview

1.1 Introduction
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is a multi-service transmission platform (MSTP) developed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huawei) based on the current and future development trends of metropolitan area networks (MANs). The system integrates SDH, ATM, Ethernet, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technologies, and features flexible networking and high traffic grooming capabilities (for example, configured as multiple add/drop multiplexer, or MADM) of the SDH equipment. It is also capable of accessing, processing, transmitting and grooming ATM/Ethernet services by implementing the Layer 2 processing. It achieves the transmission and processing of multiple services (for example, voice and data services) on one single MSTP. In addition, it has a uniform user bandwidth management platform, and can implement effective management of the user access and transmission bandwidth. It can accomplish dynamic allocation of the bandwidth for ATM services by implementing VP-Ring technology. For the Ethernet services, it can accomplish the sharing of the entire bandwidth by means of VLAN control and Layer 2 switching technologies. It can expand the ring transmission bandwidth at a low cost with built-in DWDM technology. As one of the OptiX Metro series product family of Huawei, it is used for the service convergence of the convergence layer in the data communication networks. In the network applications, with relatively light traffic at the backbone layer, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can serve as the backbone transmission equipment. At the access layer with heavy traffic, it can also be used as access layer transmission equipment. A networkwide solution using the OptiX Metro series products is as shown in Figure 1-1.

1-1

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

MSTP
Backbone Layer
Services
STM-64/16/4/1 GE/POS/10M/100M STM-16C STM-4C Fiber Channel ESCON FICON STM-16/4/1 GE/POS/10M/100M STM-16C STM-4C 2M/34/45M Fiber Channel FICON

OptiX 10G/Metro 6100 SNCP/MSP/VP Ring

TDM ATM IP

OptiX Metro MSTP Multi-service Transmission Platform

Convergence Layer

OptiX 2500+ SNCP/MSP/VP Ring

2M/10M/ 100M

STM-4C STM-4/1 10M/100M 2M/34/45M

Access Layer
2M/10M/ 100M

OptiX 155/622H SNCP/MSP/VP Ring

Business Group

PON/APON
Transmission for Mobile

Enterprise Group Business Group Enterprise Group

Ethernet
Intelligent Residential Area

Figure 1-1 A total network solution with the OptiX Metro series products

The OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) inherits the advantages of the Huawei OptiX series optical transmission equipment. It features enormous cross-connect capacity, abundant tributary access capacity and excellent performance. It takes advantage of the scientific research in the SDH field and the experience in developing data communication products of Huawei. It adopts a series of proprietary application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), which enhances the integrity of the equipment. A single subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides 128 128 VC-4 cross-connect capability. Its flexible and multiple equipment configuration functions and abundant tributary interfaces strengthen the service configuration and networking capabilities of the equipment. The OptiX series equipment use a unified network management platform to provide a centralized operation, administration and maintenance (OA&M), achieve automatic service configuration and grooming , and ensure the safe operation of the network.

1-2

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1.2 System Architecture


The kernel of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is the SDH cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit. It consists of: Interface units SDH cross-connect matrix unit and synchronous timing unit System control & communication unit Overhead processing unit The architecture of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Figure 1-2.
SDH cross-connect matrix unit and synchronous timing unit (128 x128 VC-4)

System control & communication unit and Overhead processing unit

SDH interface unit (STM-1/4/16)

PDH interface unit (E1/T1/E3/ T3/E4)

Ethernet interface unit (10/100BASE-T 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX)

DDN interface unit (64K/E1)

ATM interface unit (STM-1)

Figure 1-2 System architectureof the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

The system interface units include the SDH interface unit (STM-16/STM-4/STM-1), PDH interface unit (E1/T1/E3/T3), DDN interface unit (N 64K/E1), ATM interface unit (STM-1) and Ethernet interface unit (10/100BASE-T/100BASE-FX/1000BASE-SX/LX). The system control & communication and overhead processing unit (SCC) provides the system internal control and communication interfaces, the SDH overhead byte processing and NM interfaces. The SDH cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit comprises two sub-units: the SDH cross-connect matrix unit has the cross-connect capacity of 128 128 VC-4 (2016 2016 VC-12), and the timing unit, which traces the external clock source or the line clock source to provide the clock source to the system. The auxiliary interface unit provides various maintenance interfaces of the system (for example, Ethernet interface, RS-232 interface, and orderwire telephone interface).

1-3

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1.2.1 NE Structure
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) network elements (NEs) can be configured as multi-add/drop multiplexer (MADM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), terminal multiplexer (TM) and regenerator (REG). The TM network element consists of line interface unit (SDH interface unit), tributary interface units (including the PDH, SDH, Ethernet, ATM and DDN interface units), cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit, system control & communication, overhead processing unit, The TM NE system structure is as shown in Figure 1-3. These functional units interwork with each other.
SDH Crossconnect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit (high-order and low-order) PDH Interface Tributary interface unit SDH Interface ATM Interface Ethernet Interface DDN Interface

Optical amplifier (optional) STM-4/16

Line interface unit

Control Bus System Control and Communication Unit Switch Control

Sync Timing

Figure 1-3 TM NE architecture

In some way, the ADM NE structure is similar to a back-to-back combination of the TMs. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can also work in a multi-system mode, while the cross-connection of services can be accomplished among different systems. In the multi-system mode, the network elements make the entire system to work in that mode (like systems 1# and 2#) by distributing the concerned line interface units and tributary interface units to different sub-systems. The multi-system NE system structure is as shown in Figure 1-4.

1-4

System Overview
Tributary-side service access Line-side service transmit Optical amplifier (optional) SDH Cross-connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit (high-order and loworder)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Tributary-side service access Optical amplifier (optional) Line-side service transmit

1# System

2# System

Control Bus

Sync Timing

System Control and Communication Unit

Switch Control

Figure 1-4 Multi-system Network Element architecture

1.2.2 NM System
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is managed by the OptiX iManager network management system in a unified way. The OptiX iManager manages the faults, performance, configuration, security, maintenance, and also facilitates the testing of the entire optical transmission system. It provides an end-to-end management function according to the requirements of customers. The NM system enhances the quality of network services, reduces the maintenance cost, and ensures an efficient use of the network resources. Huawei provides telecom operators with a series of optical transmission network management systems that are applied in the networks of different levels, thus implementing effective management of sub-networks, regional or national networks. In addition to these basic operation and maintenance functions, the Huawei NMS also has the transmission network monitoring and control capabilities. To adapt to the network management of different scales and levels, the transmission network management systems of Huawei have the local maintenance terminal, NE management system, local NMS, and NMS. These products cover the applications of the TMN network management model, from the network element layer and subnet layer to the network layer, and have also some service management layer functions. The transmission network management systems have a uniform network management platform provided by Huawei. They support the SDH, DWDM, and OptiX Metro equipment, and provide telecom operators with complete network management solutions from a single equipment unit, single service network to the large-scale, multi-service networks. Based on the features of the OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) and the requirements for multi-service transmission, the transmission network management system provides a lot of management functions, that is, SDH service management, ATM PVC management, ATM flow management, ATM VP protection, Ethernet access, alarm management, performance management, system management, and the equipment maintenance management. With all of these functions and features, the transmission network management system provides a unified management of the multi-service transmission equipment.

1-5

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1.3 Features
The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) inherits the strengths of the OptiX series optical transmission equipment of Huawei. It has powerful cross-connect capacity, abundant tributary access capability, and excellent performance. It draws on the technological achievements in the SDH field and the experiences in the development of data communication products. It adopts a series of proprietary ASICs, which increases the integration degree of the equipment. It features the following: A lot of service interfaces The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides:

(1) SDH interfaces (STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16) (2) Plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) interfaces (E1, E1/T1, E3/T3, and E4) (3) 64K/E1-rate DDN interfaces (4) STM-1 ATM O/E interfaces (5) 10/100BASE-T, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX Ethernet interface
Built-in Ethernet ring technology To bring higher transmission efficiency, less complexity, and lower cost to the Ethernet service transmission, Huawei has a built-in Ethernet ring transmission solution. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) that incorporates the Ethernet ring functional module is able to transmit one particular type of service in the most appropriate and efficient way. The introduction of the Ethernet ring technology into the system optimizes the transmission network. The carriers can smoothly upgrade the legacy infrastructure to maintain the previous investment and yield maximized profits. DDN service access and grooming One subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can simultaneously access a maximum of 64 E1, 16 N 64 K and 16 SHDSL DDN services, and the 64 K service cross-connect grooming capability is 60 32. Large access capacity One subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) equipment has a maximum access capacity of 96 STM-1, and provides a maximum of the following external interfaces:

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

64 STM-1 ATM standard optical interface 64 x 10/100Base-T Ethernet electrical/optical interfaces 12 x 1000Base-SX/LX Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 504 x E1/T1 standard interfaces 24 x E3/T3 standard interface 32 x E4 standard interface 48 x STM-1 standard optical interfaces

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System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

(8) 32 x STM-1 standard electrical interfaces (9) 16 x STM-4 standard optical interfaces (10) 6 x STM-16 standard optical interfaces
The above is the maximum number of interfaces that the equipment can provide. In addition it can also provide different combinations of the above interfaces. Flexible service configuration The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be flexibly configured as TM (Terminal Multiplexer) or ADM (Add/Drop Multiplexer). One NE (Network Element) can be configured either as a single STM-16 TM or ADM; or as an MADM with STM-1, STM-4 and/or STM-16 ADMs of a multi-system cross-connect capability. A complete series of STM-16 optical interfaces The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides STM-16 series optical interfaces based on ITU-T G.652 fiber, including ITU-T S-16.1, L-16.2, and L-16.1 optical interfaces. It also provides ITU-T V-16.2 and U-16.2 optical interfaces through EDFA. The needs for different transmission distances are satisfied. It provides the Le-16.2 optical interface that can achieve repeaterless transmission distance of 100 km. In addition it provides the G.692-compliant, standard wavelength optical interface to access the optical signals into the DWDM system for a flexible configuration of the transmission bandwidth. Multiple ultra long-haul transmission solutions The transmission distance of the system can be extended by using optical fiber amplifier (OFA). The OFA includes booster amplifier (BA) and preamplifier (PA). Direct access of signals through PDH interfaces The main subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) directly provides PDH interfaces. Each NE can be accessed with 504 x E1 or E1/T1 standard interfaces or 24 x E3/T3 standard interfaces. In addition, more PDH interfaces can be provided through extended subracks. A lot of auxiliary interfaces Several data interfaces are available for the user with its powerful overhead processing capability:

(1) Three 2-wire analog telephone interfaces for the orderwire communication in the regenerator section and the multiplex section. (2) Four customer-defined asynchronous RS-232/RS-422 data interfaces. (3) One 64 kbit/s equidirectional data interface for accessing F1 byte. (4) Two (transmit & receive) 2MHz or 2Mbit/s external synchronous clock interfaces. (5) F&f interface. (6) OAM interface. (7) Analog telephone ports connection to establish orderwire communication, or

1-7

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Ethernet interfaces connection to establish DCC communication, for two networks without fiber connection.

(8) Analog audio interface, and asynchronous data interfaces (RS-232, and RS-422) provided through TDA (box-shaped audio data access equipment).
Powerful ECC processing capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is equipped with powerful processors. It is possible to have a processing capability of up to 20 channels of ECC. It is adequate for complex networking. It supports the transmission of the ECC management information by the D1D12 bytes with three modes available, D1D3, D7D9, and D4D12. The monitoring and management information of other vendors can be transmitted transparently with the D4D12 bytes. Network development oriented capacity expansion capability PDH/SDH interface board of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts a compatibility- and integration-based design. The equipment can be configured into STM-4 or STM-16 system, while the STM-4 system can be upgraded to the STM-16 system. In the network planning, users can be concerned only with the initial capacity of the system and minimize the initial investment, and upgrade and capacity expansion can be made in the future on a demand basis. In addition to the original SDH service, ATM and Ethernet services can be added to the system to realize transmission on a multi-service platform. Outstanding interface jitter performance The superb performance of the 2048kbit/s interface is attributable to the proprietary mapping/demapping chip, bit leakage technology and autosensing filtering algorithm of Huawei. It makes the mapping jitter and combined jitter of the 2048kbit/s interfaces far better than the indices designated in ITU-T Recommendation G.783. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) transports GSM, SS7, data communication, and other types of traffic with a high QoS. Outstanding clock synchronization performance The state-of-the-art high precision crystals are used as the internal oscillation source. The timing system adopts digital signal processor (DSP) and autosensing digital filter algorithm that ensures the full compliance of the specifications with ITU-T Recommendation G.813. The timing system can work under locked mode, holdover mode and free-run mode. When it works under the locked mode, the line, tributary or external clock source can be selected as reference clock source. The clock selection function of various priorities and the use of S1 byte ensure the reliable operation of the network timing system. Besides, the timing system also provides synchronous status message (SSM) function. Excellent EMC performance OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is designed based on the ETS 300 386 series and the ETS 300 127 of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and has passed

1-8

System Overview the EMC tests.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1.4 Functionality
1. Powerful Multi-System Capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has a powerful cross-connect capability. The cross-connect matrix of equipment includes a higher-order cross-connect matrix of 128 x 128 VC-4 and a lower-order cross-connect matrix of 2016 x 2016 VC-12. Supported by the large-capacity cross-connect matrix and software functions, it can for multiple TMs or ADMs on a single subrack. It supports service grooming and protection between the multiple systems. With powerful cross-connect capability, it can be used as a medium-capacity local cross-connect system. It enhances the networking and inter-network service grooming capabilities of the equipment considerably. When it is inserted with the XCL cross-connect board with a 48 x 48 VC-4 higher-order cross-connect matrix (1008 x 1008 VC-12 lower-order cross-connect matrix), one single subrack has 48 x STM-1 access capability. It makes the system fit for medium and small-sized local network with its ideal prize/performance ratio. 2. ATM Service Processing Capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) processes the STM-1 ATM services at the ATM layer, supports ATM service protection through VP-Ring, and supports the bandwidth convergence function of multiple ports and statistical multiplexing of the transmission bandwidth to improve the transmission bandwidth utility. It provides maximum 64 x STM-1 ATM optical interfaces (single-mode and multi-mode). It supports: The access and processing of the CBR, nrt-VBR, rt-VBR, and UBR services The UNI/NNI interfaces The CAC function The PVC and switching of VP The point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections, spatial multicast (for different ports), and logical multicast (for the same port), with maximum 4k connections Maximum five multicast groups The OAM cell based CC, F4 flows The layered protection at the ATM layer and the SDH layer, with the 1+1 one-ended protection of the ATM layer VP-Ring The VPG function, with maximum 2 k VPGs

1-9

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The line transmission at the STM-1 level maximum when it is 1+1 VP-Ring protection at the ATM layer The performance and alarm at the SDH layer and the ATM layer, the performance and alarm at ATM ports 3. Ethernet Service Processing Capability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the Layer 2 processing and switching function of the Ethernet service and realizes the convergence of the Ethernet ports and the sharing of the ring bandwidth. It provides maximum 64 x 10/100BASE-T (electrical interfaces) or 64 x 100BASE-FX (optical interfaces). The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides 12 1000BASE-SX/LX (optical interface). The interfaces characteristics in compliance with IEEE 802.3. 4. For an ET1 board, the Ethernet service can be mapped to 48 x E1, and the number can be configured flexibly. It supports: IEEE 802.1Q standards The configuration of 4 k virtual local area networks (VLANs) The service isolation with ports and VLAN label, and the flexible bandwidth configuration of VLAN-based users The static route setting according to ports and VLAN label, and the secondary switching of VLAN and MAC (8 k MAC addresses supported), with the self-learning and manual configuration functions of the MAC address table Spanning tree protocol (STP) to avoid broadcast storm for closed-loop network connections, and to possibly bring about connection backup The configuration and query of user priority with the IP TOS byte and VLAN The IEEE 802.3X flow control (possible to set the flow control function of the port) The alarm and the traffic statistics of the Ethernet interface The convergence function The SDH multiplex section and path protection The alarm and performance monitoring of VC-12 The statistics function of the Ethernet interface RMON For an EMS1 board, the Ethernet service can be mapped to 24 x VC-3, or 18 x VC-3 plus 126 x VC-12, and the number can be configured flexibly. It supports: Access for 1 channel of 1000BASE-SX/LX Ethernet service and 8 channels of 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX or 100BASE-FX.

1-10

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Point-to-point transparent transmission, point-to-multi-point transparent transmission and multi-point-to-multi-point transmission (bridge service). L2 VPN function, namely Ethernet private line (EPL) service, Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) service, Ethernet private LAN (EPLn/EPLAN) service and Ethernet virtual private LAN (EVPLn/EVPLAN) service. MPLS encapsulated datagram processing and common Ethernet datagram processing. Encapsulation/decapsulation of GFP, GFP encapsulation is compliant with ITU-T G.7041 Standard. Maximum of 24 x VC-Trunk, with each comprising a maximum of 12 x VC-3 or 63 x VC-12. For an EFS0 board, the most of its functionality is largely the same with the EMS1. The differences are as following: EFS0 board can not access Gigabit Ethernet service. Mapping a maximum of 12 x VC-3 or 6 x VC-3 plus 126 x VC-12 for EFS0 board. For the Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 processing board, the EGT board, it can provide two 1000BASE-SX/LX ports, with each port: Supporting the LAPS protocol to encapsulate the data frame Having the flow control function for the Ethernet port and SDH side Providing the functions of data frame flow statistics, monitoring and alarming Supporting transparent transmission of the Ethernet service For the Gigabit Ethernet VC4/VC-3 transparent transmission process board, the EGT2 board, it can provide 2 x 1000Base-LX/SX multimode/single-mode optical interface. Each interface can configure 18 VC-4s or 124 VC-3 with the smallest granularity of one VC-3 in maximum. The addition of the bandwidth of the two interfaces does not exceed 8 VC-4s. The maximum bandwidth is 1.25 Gbit/s. For the 100 M Ethernet VC-3/VC-12 transparent transmission board, the EFT board, it can access 8 channels of fast Ethernet services, which realizes the transparent transmission of fast Ethernet service by adopting technologies like HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol and concatenation. It supports the virtual concatenation at VC-3 or VC-12 level. Support a maximum of 8 x VC-trunk. Each port has a fixed corresponding VC-trunk. It supports 12 x VC-e or 63 x VC-12 in maximum with capacity of 622 Mbit/s. 5. Flexible Networking Capability With the large-capacity cross-connect matrix, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can provide powerful networking capability to meet the requirements of complex networking in the

1-11

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM central office. It supports multiple topologies, including point to point, chain, ring, hub, and mesh. 6. Ideal Protection Mechanism The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides both the equipment level and network level protections. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can provide the equipment level protection through redundancy hot backup of the tributary, timing, and cross-connect units. It provides 1:8 equipment level protection for PDH processing boards (E1, T1, E3 and T3), 1:7 equipment level protection for the STM-1 SDH electrical interface boards and 1:8 equipment level protection for DDN service boards. On a subrack, it also supports multiple TPS protection groups (a maximum of 4) protected simultaneously by the E1/T1, E3/T3, and E4/STM-1 interfaces. Under abnormal working conditions (power overvoltage/undervoltage or excessively high working temperature), the equipment provides related protective measures. The protection at the network level includes SDH layer protection and ATM layer protection. The SDH layer protection includes: 1+1 and 1:N linear multiplex section protection Two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section dedicated protection ring Two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring Four-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring Two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring Two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring Subnetwork connection multi-path protection (SNCMP) Shared fiber virtual trail protection The mature and completed SDH protection mechanism is still used for the PDH service, ATM service monopolizing VC-4 and cascaded VC-4-4c bandwidth, and Ethernet service. For the ATM service that needs shared transmission bandwidth, the ITU-T I.630-compliant VP Ring protection mechanism is adopted. Based on the SDH layer protection mechanism, the data link layer protection is added. The layered protection of the services is formed to meet the requirements of different networking applications. For the Ethernet service, the Ethernet ring networking protection mode is used to realize double protection, that is, the conventional SDH transmission layer protection system can be used to protect data services and the Ethernet ring technology can also be used for corresponding protection to improve the security of the Ethernet service.

1-12

System Overview

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM 7. Network Management System with Perfect Functions The transport network management system OptiX iManager perform integrated OAM for the complex network constructed with the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems to realize the configuration and grooming of circuits and ensure the normal running of the network. 8. Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Function It inputs 2 x 48 V/60 V power supplies and monitors the specific values of voltage as well as the overvoltage and undervoltage (serious undervoltage, minor undervoltage, minor overvoltage, serious overvoltage). It provides alarm input/output function. The alarm input function realizes the remote monitoring of the user environment, and the alarm output function realizes the centralized monitoring of alarms in various devices by connecting to the alarm interface of the centralized alarm system. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) protects the board power supply system through centralized backup and dispersed power supply to improve the safety of equipment operation. 9. Ideal SSM Management Function The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides SSM management function of the synchronous clock. It helps the system to avoid timing loop during the clock switching. With this function, when the synchronous timing signal traced by the system degrades, the downstream nodes can switch over the input clock source or change into holdover working status timely. It is not necessary that the downstream nodes respond only when the synchronous timing signals are detected to be over the deterioration threshold. In this way the synchronous operation quality of the entire network is improved. Additionally the SSM management function can simplify the planning and design of the synchronous network. The NE clock also has perfect SSM management function. Its external synchronous clock input interface can directly receive the synchronous information of the external timing equipment. The clock output by the synchronous clock output interface also has the SSM function and can set flexibly the bits where SSM in 2048 kbit/s is located. The interconnection with the equipment of other manufacturers is convenient. Besides, it can set SSM thresholds of various NEs, and facilitates the management of the synchronous network. 10. Tone and Asynchronous Data Processing Ability The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides analog tone interface, and RS-232, RS-422, and other asynchronous data interfaces apart from the PDH interface. They provides the users with functions to directly transmit SDH transmission network based subrate services that range extensively from paging, saving data, charging information, power environment monitoring information, microwave equipment monitoring information to the NM information of the transmission equipment of other vendors.

1-13

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2 Functionality

2.1 Overview
The functional architecture of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Figure 2-1. The IU processing board is slot compatible with SDH & PDH processing boards, and the broadband service processing board (ATM/Ethernet processing board). The LTU interface board is slot compatible with the interface board and bridge board corresponding to the IU processing board slot (for TPS function).

2-1

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

LTU1 LTU2 LTU3 LTU4

IU1 IU2 IU3 IU4 IU5 IU6 SDH cross-connect and synchronous timing units (XCS board)

IU7 IU8 IU9 IU10 IU11 IU12 IU slot processing board Auxiliary interface unit (AIU board) Auxiliary interfaces System control & communitations processing unit (SCC board) Switch control unit LTU9 LTU10 LTU11 LTU12 LTU slot interface board

LTU slot interface board

IU slot processing board

Timing unit

External timing interface

Manageme nt interface

External unit

Figure 2-1 Functional architecture of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

The slot assignment of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Figure 2-2. The numbers of slots for different boards are listed as follows: System control & communication and overhead processing board (SCC) slot: 1 Cross-connect and synchronous timing boards (XCS) slot: 2; IU processing board slot: 12 LTU interface board slot: 8 Equipment protection slot (IUP): 1 Protection switching driving slot (LPDR): 1 Protection switching control slot (EIPC): 1 Power backup slot (PBU): 1 Fan box (FAN): 1 For cable outlet, the interfacing of circuit boards of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has two modes. One is through the blank panels on the IU processing boards (such as most of the SDH processing boards), and the other is with the assistance of LTU slot (PDH processing board, part of the Ethernet processing boards, and ATM processing board).

2-2

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

I I I I I I X X I I U U U U U U C C U U 1/P 2 3 4 5 6 S S 7 8

I I I I S I U U U U C U 9 10 11 12 C P

(1)
F B 1 / L P D R L T U 12 L T U 11 L T U 10 L T U 9 L T U 4 L T U 3 L T U 2 L T U 1 / F B 2

E I P C

P B U

(2)
(1) Slot assignment in the front view in the subrack front compartment (2) Interface area in the subrack back compartment Figure 2-2 Slot layout of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of IU processing boards are listed in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of IU processing board

Board
S16 SD4 SL4 SL1 SD1 SQ1

Function description
STM-16 optical interface unit 2 x STM-4 optical interface board STM-4 optical interface unit STM-1 optical interface unit 2 x STM-1 optical interface board 4 x STM-1 optical interface board

Available slot
IU4-9 IU4-9 IU1-12 IU1-12 IU1-12 IU3-10

Transfer mode
IU IU IU IU IU IU

Processing ability
16 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 1 x STM-1 2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1

2-3

Functionality Board
SDE SQE SPQ4 PL3 PD1 PQ1 PM1 PQM DX1 AL1 ET1 EMS1 EFS0 EFT EGT2 EGT BA2/BPA

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Function description


Dual STM-1 electrical interfaces unit 4 x STM-1 electrical interface board 4 x E4&STM-1 electrical interface board 3 x E3/T3 interfaces unit 32 x E1 interfaces unit 63 x E1 interfaces unit 32 x E1/T1 interfaces unit 63 x T1/E1 interfaces unit DDN processing unit 155 M ATM process unit Ethernet transparent transmission unit Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 transparent transmission board Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 transparent transmission board Gigabit Ethernet transparent transmission board Optical booster amplifier unit/optical booster & pre-amplifier unit

Available slot
IU1-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-IU4, IU9-IU12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU4, IU9 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU1-4, IU9-12 IU4-9 IU4-9 Even-numbered slots

Transfer mode
IU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU LTU and IU LTU LTU IU IU IU

Processing ability
2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 1 x STM-1 32 x E1 63 x E1 32 x E1/T1 63 x E1/T1 48 x E1 4 x STM-1 48 x E1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 0 x STM-1

Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of LTU interface board are listed in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 Circuit boards to be plugged in the slots of LTU transfer board

Board
E75S E12S C34B

Function description
63 x 75 ohm E1 connecting switching unit 63 x 120 ohm E1 connecting switching unit 3 x E3/T3 electrical interface board

Available slot
LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8

Supporting board
PD1/PQ1 PM1/PQM PL3

2-4

Functionality Board
C34S LPSW LPDR DM12 AOO1 AOQ1 EMT8 EMF8 EMF4 FB1 FB2

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Function description


3 x E3/T3 PDH interface switching board 4 x 75 ohm E4/STM-1 electrical connecting switching unit 4 x 75 ohm E4/STM-1 electrical drive unit DDN 12-port mixed access unit Octuple 155 M ATM optical interface unit Quadruple 155 M ATM optical interface unit 10/100 M BaseT Ethernet interface unit 8-Port 10 M/100 M BaseFx fast Ethernet interface unit 4-Port 10 M/100 M BaseFx fast Ethernet interface unit Internal connection unit-type I Internal connection unit-type II

Available slot
LTU1-8 LTU1-8 FB1/LPDR LTU1-LTU8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 LTU1-8 FB1/LPDR LTU1/FB2

Supporting board
PL3 SQE/SPQ4 SQE/SPQ4 DX1 AL1 AL1 ET1/EMS1/EFS0 ET1/EMS1/EFS0 ET1/EMS1/EFS0

The functional units with the boards of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) and their features are listed in Table 2-3.

2-5

Functionality
Table 2-3 Functional units of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Unit function

Included boards
SDH processing board SDH interface unit S16, SL4, SD4, SL1, SD1, SQ1, SDE, SQE, SPQ4

Unit function
Access and process the optical signals of STM-1/STM-4/STM-16 rates and the VC-4-4c concatenated optical/electrical signal.

Interface unit

75 line protection drive board 75 line protection switching board PDH processing board PDH interface board

LPDR LPSW PD1, PQ1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SPQ4 E75S, E12S, C34B, LPSW EIPC

Access and process STM-1 electrical signal

Interface unit

PDH interface unit

Electrical interface switching control board Backplane E1 cable connection board DDN processing board DDN interface board ATM processing board ATM interface board Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 processing board 100 Mbit/s Ethernet VC-12 processing board 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface board

Access and process the electrical signals of E1, T1, E3, T3, and E4 rates.

FB1, FB2

Support TPS function by leading the signals to the protection bus. Access and process the DDN signals of Frame E1, 64 K and SHDSL, and groom the 64 K services on a cross-connect basis Access and process the ATM optical/electrical signals of STM-1 rate. Access and process the 1000BASE-SX/LX Ethernet optical signal. Access and process the 10/100BASE-T Ethernet electrical signal or the 100 BASE-FX optical signal.

DX1 DM12 AL1 AOQ1, AOO1 EGT

DDN interface unit

ATM interface unit Interface unit

Ethernet transparent transmission interface unit

ET1, ET1S

EMT8, EMF8, EMF4

2-6

Functionality Unit function Included boards


Fast Ethernet /Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing Board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing Board 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface board Tone and asynchronous data interface unit Optical amplification unit SDH cross-connect matrix unit XCS, XCL Synchronous timing unit System control & communication unit Overhead processing unit Power backup unit PBU

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Unit function


Access, process, and switch the 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX Ethernet electrical signals, 100BASE-FX Ethernet and 1000BASE-SX/LX optical signals. TPS protection available for 10 BASE-T /100BASE-TX and 100 BASE-FX Ethernet signals.

EMS1

Interface unit

Ethernet switching processing interface unit

EFS0

EMT8, EMF8, EMF4 Support the accessing of 12 x tone signals, 4 x RS-232 signal, and 4 x RS-422 signal. BA2 and BPA are board-shaped, and COA is built externally. Implement the cross-connect of SDH and PDH signals, and provide clock reference to the system. Provide interface between the system and the NM, and process the SDH signal overhead. Supply backup power for the boards with the power module failed Implement the software and hardware control function for the electrical interface protection. Provide maintenance and power supply interfaces (for example, RS-232 and orderwire)

TDA

BA2, BPA, COA

SCC

Switching control unit

EIPC

Auxiliary interface unit

SFU, PIU

2-7

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.2 Functional Units


2.2.1 ATM Interface Unit
ATM interface unit comprises the ATM processing board (AL1) plugged in the IU slot and ATM interface board (AOO1 and AOQ1) plugged in the LTU slot. This unit can be adopted to enable the convergence of transmission bandwidth from eight STM-1 ATM services to a single STM-1. It also enables the VP Ring protection. 1. ATM Processing Board (AL1) AL1 is an ATM service processing board of ATM interface unit. It provides the following functions: Support the processing of eight STM-1 ATM services as well as the convergence of transmission bandwidth from eight STM-1 ATM services to a single STM-1 (bidirectional service protection available). Support UNI/NNI interface. Supports both the outloop and inloop at SDH side. Support CAC function. Support the point-to-point & point-to-multipoint link connection. Support spatial multicast (different optical interfaces) and logical multicast (identical ports). The maximum point-to-point link connection number: 4K and the supported multi-cast branch number: 5. Support PVC and PVP/PVC switching. In virtual path connection (VPC), the value of VPI ranges from 0 to 255. In virtual channel connection (VCC), the value of VPI ranges from 0 to 63 and that of VCI ranges from 32 to 127. Support the following CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR, UBR services, Support VP-Ring shared bandwidth protection function at ATM layer. Support the ATM layer VP-Ring 1+1 single-end and dual-end protection switching function. Support VPG function. Protection can be realized by MSP or VP-ring. The hold-off time can be a value from 0s to 10s. The hold-off time is set to be 0 when MSP and VP-ring are not coexisting. The hold-off time should be from 6s to 10s when MSP and VP-ring are configured simultaneously. Provide synchronous timing source for the synchronous timing unit. 2. ATM Interface Board (AOO1, AOQ1) The AOO1 and AOQ1 boards are the service interface board of the ATM unit, and

2-8

Functionality they have the following functions respectively.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

AOO1 supports eight ATM single-mode/multimode optical interface (LC/PC connector). AOO1 can access 8 x STM-1 ATM services. AOQ1 provides eight ATM single-mode/multimode optical interface (LC/PC connector). AOQ1can access 4 x STM-1 ATM services. AOO1 and AOQ1 support single-mode interface automatic shutdown function.

2.2.2 Ethernet Interface Unit


The Ethernet interface unit consists of the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet processing board (ET1) plugged in the IU slot, fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board (EMS1), fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board (EFS0), Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 processing board (EGT), Gigabit Ethernet VC4/VC-3 transparent transmission process board (EGT2), 100 Mbit/s Ethernet VC-3/VC-12 transparent transmission board (EFT) and the 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface boards (EMT8, EMF8, and EMF4) that can be plugged in the LTU slot. 1. 100 Mbit/s Ethernet VC-12 Processing Board (ET1) The ET1 board is the Ethernet service processing board in the Ethernet VC-12 interface unit. It adopts ML-PPP and bundles multiple physical channels (VC-12) into a single logic channel (VC-Trunk channel) for service transmission. ET1 provides the following functions: It supports the accumulation and concentration of 8 x 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet services and maps the concentrated Ethernet frames into the specified 2 Mbit/s for transmission through the VC Trunk mode. 2 Mbit/s, and N i [ 48. The ET1 board supports the mapping of N i [ 48 2 Mbit/s (where i is the number of interfaces on the fast Ethernet interface board corresponding to ET1, and "i ranges from 1 to 8). It supports the flexible distribution of bandwidth based on VLAN and enables multiple VLANs to share 148 2 Mbit/s channels through the VC Trunk mode. It isolates subscribers through Ethernet port and VLAN labels so that multiple subscribers can share the same VC-Trunk channel. It supports the distribution of 4 K VLAN and 16 VC-Trunk channels. It supports Layer 2 switching based on VLAN and MAC. Number of supported Ethernet address routes: 8 K. It supports internet group management protocol (IGMP) and the dynamic Each 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet service of the ET1 board can be mapped into N i

2-9

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM multicast route learning function. It dynamically configures the multicast function. It supports the path protection for multiple VC-12s that bound with Ethernet services through VC trunk. It supports the STP. It supports the IEEE802.3X flow control, and it is able to set the flow control and the attributes of the port. It provides link pass through (LPT). In the case of service cut, it can detect such fault and instruct the connected equipment (such as router) to open the standby trail. In this way, the normal transmission of important data is maintained. 2. Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 Switching Processing Board (EMS1) The EMS1 board is the fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet switching processing board in the Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 interface unit. It adopts GFP-F/LAPS/HDLC and bundles multiple physical channels (VC-12/VC-3) into a single logic channel (VC-Trunk channel) for service transmission. The EMS1 board has the following functions: It accesses 1 x 1000 Mbit/s Ethernet service and 8 x 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet services which occupy 8 x VC-4. The maximum SDH-side bandwidth available is 1.25 Gbit/s. It supports the function of auto-negotiation in the physical layer complying with IEEE 802.3u protocol. It supports point-to-point transparent transmission, point-to-multipoint transparent transmission and multipoint-to-multipoint transmission (bridge service). It implements Layer 2 VPN function, namely Ethernet private line (EPL) service, Ethernet virtual private line (EVPL) service, Ethernet private LAN (EPLn/EPLAN) service and Ethernet virtual private LAN (EVPLn/EVPLAN) service. It supports Layer 2 switch of Ethernet data, and enables MAC address learning and item updating. It supports MAC address filtering (blacklist function, including DA and SA), namely forbids the services of the subscriber listed in the blacklist to forward. It supports multicast and broadcast. It supports MPLS encapsulated datagram processing and common Ethernet datagram processing. It supports the LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/ decapsulation of packets. GFP encapsulation is compliant with ITU-T G.7041 Standard. LAPS protocol is compliant with ITU-TX.86 Standard.

2-10

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM It supports VC-3-level or VC-12-level concatenation. Supports a maximum of 24 x VC-Trunk. Each VC-Trunk comprises a maximum of 12 x VC-3 or 63 x VC-12. It supports a maximum of 24 x VC-3, or 126 x VC-12 plus 18 x VC-3(VC-3 and VC-12 can be configured), offering a total capacity of 1.25 Gbit/s. It supports VLAN divided by port-based, which is compliant with IEEE 802.1q and IEEE 802.1p. Totally 4096 VLANs can be made available. It Supports IEEE 802.3x-compliant flow control. It offers a port-based committed access rate (CAR) of 64 kbit/s. It provides link pass through (LPT). In the case of service cut, it can detect such fault and instruct the connected equipment (such as router) to open the standby trail. In this way, the normal transmission of important data is maintained. 3. Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 Switching Processing Board (EFS0) EFS0 board is also Ethernet board as EMS1 board, which implements the access and convergence of the Ethernet service. The functionality of the EFS0 board is largely the same with that of the EMS1 board. The differences between them are compared in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Comparison of EFS0 and EMS1

Comparison
Uplink bandwidth Can it access Gigabit Ethernet? Optical interface in the front panel Interface board Slot

EMS1
8 VC4 Yes 1 x 1000 Mbit/s optical interface EMT8/EMF8/EMF4 IU4, IU9

EFS0
4 VC4 No Null EMT8/EMF8/EMF4 IU1IU4, IU9IU12

4. Gigabit Ethernet VC-4 Processing Board (EGT) The EGT is responsible for the accessing of the Gigabit Ethernet service and the point-to-point transparent transmission. The functions are as follows: Each EGT board provides two 1000Base-LX/SX optical interfaces (which supports hot swappable and single-mode/multimode). The maximum transmission bandwidth of each port can be flexibly configured as 18 VC-4. The minimum granularity is one VC-4, and the sum of the bandwidth of the two ports is not larger than eight VC-4.

2-11

Functionality The LAPS parameter setting is supported.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Each EGT board can serve maximally two independent user groups (IUGs). Each EGT board has a RMON module that can provide the statistics, report, and alarm functions of the frame traffic. The electrical characteristics of the Ethernet interfaces of the EGT board comply with IEEE 802.3. It supports the transparent transmission of the IP/IPX network layer protocols. The optical interface of the EGT board adopts front access. It does not need an assistant interface board and can be used directly. It also provides a swappable GE optical interface with a GigaBit interface converter (GBIC). It provides traffic control function on the Ethernet access side for the accessed Gigabit Ethernet service. It supports the IEEE 802.3X-compliant flow control by setting such function at the port. 5. 100 Mbit/s Ethernet Interface Board (EMT8, EMF8, and EMF4) The EMT8, EMF8 and EMF4 boards are the Ethernet service interface board of the Ethernet interface unit, and they have the following functions: EMT8 supports the access of 8 x 10/100BASE-T Ethernet services. It supports port autosensing as well as port full-duplex and half-duplex. EMF8 supports the access of 8 x 100Base-FX Ethernet services. It provides multi-mode optical interfaces . EMF4 supports the access of 4 x 100Base-FX Ethernet services. It provides single-mode/multi-mode optical interfaces and supports the automatic shutdown function of the single-mode optical interface. 6. Gigabit Ethernet VC4/VC-3 Transparent Transmission Process Board (EGT2) The EGT2 board accesses 2 channels of Gigabit Ethernet services. It realizes the point-to-point transparent transmission of Gigabit Ethernet service by adopting technologies like HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol and concatenation. Provides 2 x 1000Base-LX/SX multimode/single-mode optical interface (adopt the hot swappable GBIC optical module). Each interface can configure 18 VC-4s or 124 VC-3 with the smallest granularity of one VC-3 in maximum. The addition of the bandwidth of the two interfaces does not exceed 8 VC-4s. The maximum bandwidth is 1.25 Gbit/s. Support the point-to-point pure transparent transmission based on Gigabit

2-12

Functionality Ethernet (GE) interfaces.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Encapsulate/Decapsulate the Ethernet data with standard HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol. Support G.707 VC-4 concatenation protocol, the concatenation at VC-4 and VC-3 level. Support LCAS protocol; realize the capacity adjustment in concatenated links. 7. 100M Ethernet VC-3/VC-12 Transparent Transmission Board (EFT) Process 8 channels of fast Ethernet services. Support the virtual concatenation at VC-3 or VC-12 level. Support a maximum of 8 x VC-trunk. Each port has a fixed corresponding VC-trunk. Support 12 x VC-3 or 9 x VC-3 and 63 x VC-12 in maximum with capacity of 622 Mbit/s. Realize the port-based Ethernet point-to-point transparent transmission. Encapsulate/Decapsulate the Ethernet data with standard HDLC/LAPS/GFP-F encapsulation/decapsulation protocol. Support LCAS protocol, and realize the capacity adjustment in concatenated links. Support the isolation of data port. Support the JUMBO frame with 9600 bytes in maximum. Support link pass through (LPT). Support testing frame.

2.2.3 SDH Interface Unit


SDH interface units provided by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) include STM-16, STM-4 and STM-1 optical interfaces. SDH interface units are engaged in the receiving and sending of the optical/electrical signals at the STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 levels. They also have functions as defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.783, that is, section overhead and higher-order path overhead processing, pointer justification, and meanwhile provide a timing source for the synchronous timing unit. All the signals of the SDH optical interface unit are led out from the optical interface of the front panel installed in the circuit board. 1. STM-16 Synchronous Optical Interface Unit (S16) This unit provides optical interfaces defined in ITU-T I-16, S-16.1, S-16.2, L-16.1 and L-16.2. It also provides optical interfaces that satisfy the wavelength requirement specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.692 (in conformity with

2-13

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM DWDM transmission requirements). Therefore, in accessing the DWDM system, the wavelength conversion unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be saved. It provides Le-16.2 interface, which can expand the repeater less transmission distance to 90 km. S16 is a single STM-16 optical interface unit. It supports the transmission of STM-4c. The interface characteristics of STM-16 synchronous optical interface unit are shown in Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 Characteristics of STM -16 optical interface unit I-16 S16 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1 Le-16.2 L-16.2 U-16.2 V-16.2 SC/PC

2. STM-4 Synchronous Optical Interface Unit (SD4, SL4) It provides four types of optical interfaces: ITU-T S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2 and Ve-4.2. It provides one STM-4 optical interface unit (SL4) and a dual STM-4 optical interface unit (SD4). It supports the transmission of STM-4c. The interface characteristics of STM-4 optical interface unit are listed in Table 2-6.
Table 2-6 Characteristics of STM-4 optical interface unit S-4.1 SL4 SD4 L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 SC/PC

3. STM-1 Synchronous Optical Interface Unit (SQ1, SD1, SD1) Interface characteristics of STM-1 optical interface unit are listed in Table 2-7. It can provide SL1 board for the single STM-1 optical interface unit, SD1 board for the dual STM-1 optical interface unit, and SQ1 board for the quad STM-1 optical interface unit.
Table 2-7 Characteristics of STM-1 optical interface unit Ie-1 SD1 I-1 S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 SC/PC

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Functionality
SQ1 SL1

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

4. STM-1 Electrical Interface Unit (SDE, SQE) SDE provides dual STM-1 electrical interface, and SQE provides 4 x STM-1 electrical interface. It provides 75 unbalanced interface, with the interface characteristics in compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.703. SQE provides electrical interface through the coaxial connector on the LPSW board in the LTU slot in the back of the subrack, and SDE provides electrical interface through the coaxial connector on the front panel. The coaxial cables provided along with the equipment are used, with maximum transmission distance reaching 70 m (the attenuation of the 155 Mbit/s signals on it is 12.7 dB). SQE implements the 1:N (N7) equipment protection through the protection function of the electrical interfaces. When SQE works as the redundant board in the equipment protection, it is inserted in the IUP slot, and the LPDR board should be configured as a drive to fulfill the protection. 5. E4/STM-1 Electrical Unit (SPQ4) SPQ4 provides 4 x E4/STM-1 electrical interface. SPQ4 provides 75 unbalanced interface, with the interface characteristics in compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.703. SPQ4 provides electrical interface through the coaxial connector on the LPSW board in the LTU slot. SPQ4 can protect SQE as protection board. The coaxial cables provided along with the equipment are used, with maximum transmission distance reaching 70 m (the attenuation of the 155 Mbit/s signals on it is 12.7 dB). The working mode of SPQ4 can be set through software. Each channel can be set separately, with the default working mode being E4. SPQ4 supports 1:7 TPS function (E4 and STM-1 protected at the same time) SPQ4 implements the 1:N (N7) equipment protection through the protection function of the electrical interfaces. When SQE works as the redundant board in the equipment protection, it is inserted in the IUP slot, and the LPDR board should be configured as a drive to fulfill the protection.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM 6. Optical Interface Physical Parameter Checking Functions The physical interface parameter checking functions that are supported by different types of optical interfaces are listed in Table 2-8.

Table 2-8 Optical interface parameter check characteristics

Optical interface type


S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 V-4.2 S-16.1 L-16.1 L-16.2 V-16.2 U-16.2

Launched power monitoring


Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported

Receiving power monitoring


Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported

Automatic laser shutdown


Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported

Bias current monitoring


Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Not supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported Supported

2.2.4 PDH Interface Unit


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the PDH interface unit, which has diverse PDH interfaces, such as E1/T1, E3/T3, and E4 PDH electrical interfaces. All these interface units can be inserted in the corresponding slots in LTU of the subrack according to the interface type. When it is used as the redundant unit for equipment protection, the PDH interface unit is accessed from the protection slot. Each single subrack of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the direct adding/dropping of a maximum of 504 E1s, E1s/T1s, or 24 E3s/T3s. When the number of E1s or E1s/T1s added/dropped on the subrack is above 504, or the number of E3s/T3s is above 24, STM-1/STM-4 optical interface is used for expansion to expand the redundant E1s, E1s/T1s, E3s/T3s, and E4s by concatenating the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). In addition to the network-level protection of the PDH service (T1, E1), 1:N (N8) tributary board equipment protection can also be provided by the electrical interface protection function.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Table 2-9 lists the protection characteristics of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) PDH interface.
Table 2-9 Protection characteristics of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) PDH tributary interface

Interface rate
T1 E1 E3/T3 E4

Interface types Unbalanced Balanced

Tributary protection

1. E1 Interface Unit (PD1, PQ1, PM1, and PQM) The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports E1 and T1 asynchronous mapping modes defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.703. It maps E1 or T1 signals into VC-12 in an asynchronous manner. Specific functions provided by E1 and T1 interface units are mentioned below: Two types of E1 interface units, PD1 and PQ1, are provided. PD1 board enables the configuration of 32 E1 interfaces; PQ1 board enables the configuration of 63 E1 interfaces. If all IU1IU4 and IU9IU12 slots are inserted with PQ1, the single subrack enables the adding/dropping of a maximum of 504 E1s. When used as the redundant unit for equipment protection, PD1/PQ1 is inserted in protection slot IUP or IU1/P. Both PQ1 and PD1 provide 75 unbalanced and 120 balanced interfaces (different boards are used in different interfaces), and the interface characteristics completely comply with the indices as per ITU-T Recommendation G.703. PM1 and PQM that have T1 and E1 compatible interfaces are provided. PM1 can be configured to have 32 E1 or T1, and PQM can be configured to have 63 E1 or T1 interfaces. If all IU1IU4 and IU9IU12 slots are inserted with PQM, the single subrack enables the adding/dropping of a maximum of 504 E1s. When used as the redundant unit for equipment protection, PQM is inserted in protection slot IUP or IU1/P. PM1 and PQM provide 120 balanced E1 interface and 100 balanced T1 interface. It processes the VC-12 path overhead; configures, monitors the alarms as well as performance on a per path basis and communicates with the SCC unit. Electrical interfaces of E1/T1 interface unit are accessed through the interface board or protection interface board on LTU slot. In order to coordinate with E1 and T1 interface units of different specifications, different types of interface boards or protection interface boards should be adopted. Table 11 lists the selection principle for interface boards or protection interface boards and the transmission distances for different interfaces.

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Functionality
Table 2-10 75 unbalanced and 100/120 balanced interface board

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Interface type

Interface board type (without equipment protection)


32 x E1 interface board 63 x E1 interface board 32 x E1 interface board 63 x E1 interface board E75S E75S E12S E12S

Interface board type with equipment protection


E75S E75S E12S E12S

Transmission distance (cable associated with the equipment)


Less than 300 m Less than 300 m Less than 180 m Less than 180 m

75 unbalanced

100/120 balanced

Note: For the functions of E75S and E12S, refer Figure 2-2

2. E3/T3 Interface Unit (PL3) The PL3 board provides the following functions: PL3 supports the G.703-compliant asynchronous mapping from E3/T3 to VC-3. One single PL3 board can process 3 x E3/T3 simultaneously, and one single subrack can provide maximum 24 E3/T3 interfaces. The interface type of E3/T3 is 75 unbalanced interface, and its characteristics comply with ITU-T Recommendation G.703. PL3 processes the VC-3 channel overhead, and is responsible for the configuration of each service channel, the monitoring of alarm and performance, and the communication with the SCC. PL3 can use the outloop and inloop functions to test the quality of the E3/T3 service, or locate faults. The E3/T3 working mode of the PL3 can be set through software. PL3 supports 1:8 TPS function. The PL3 board can be inserted in the IU1IU4 and IU9IU12 slots. When used as redundant unit for equipment protection, PL3 as protection board can be inserted in the IUP slot. The related electrical interfaces are connected with the transfer and switching board in the LTU slot in the subrack. If the coaxial cables that are provided with the equipment are used, the transmission distance reaches 140 m maximally (the attenuation of the E3/T3 signal on the cable of the said length is 12 dB). If the attenuation range of the input E3/T3 signal exceeds 6 dB in actual practice, it needs to

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM activate the input equalizer on the PL3 board. If it is less than 6 dB, the equalizer is shut down. For the cables of different lengths, the corresponding configurations are listed in Table 2-11.

Table 2-11 Description of E3/T3 electrical interface configuration

Interface type

Transfer board type

Transmission distance (provided with the equipment)


070 m

Attenuation value
06 dB 612 dB

Configuration description
Shut down the equalizer Activate the equalizer

75 unbalanced

C34B/C34S 70140 m

Note: For the functions of C34B and C34S, please refer to Table 2-2.

2.2.5 DDN Interface Unit


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides DDN service access and processing through the DX1 processing board and DM12 interface board. The DM12 can simultaneously access the Frame E1, N x 64 K and SHDSL services, and the DX1 can provide 64 K service grooming on a cross-connect basis. The DDN interface unit has the following functions: The DDN interface unit supports the Frame E1 format of the FAS, CAS, CCS and CRC4, and provides 75 unbalanced interface and 120 balanced interface. N x 64 kbit/s supports the following six types of interfaces: V.35, V.24, X.21, RS-449, RS-530 and RS-530A. The N x 64 kbit/s interface supports the following six clock working modes: DCE internal, DCE slave, DCE external, DTE internal, DTE slave and DTE external. The SHDSL interface uses the RJ-11 connector to connect the copper twisted pair cables, supporting a single cable pair (2 cables) and double cable pairs (4 cables) with the maximum transmission distance of 3 km. The Frame E1 interface, N x 64 kbit/s interface and SHDSL interface all support inloop/outloop for the convenience of fault locating. The DX1 board achieves 64 kbit/s cross connection and grooming of 8 x Frame E1 signals, 2 x N x 64 kbit/s signals and 2 x SHDSL signals of the access side and 48 x E1 signals of the cross-connect side. The DM12 provides the access of multiple DDN services, supporting simultaneous access of 8 x Frame E1 signals, 2 x N x 64kbit/s signals and 2 x SHDSL signals. The DDN interface unit supports E1 level 1+1 path protection.

2-19

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The DDN interface unit provides a lot of alarm and performance events and supports reporting of service alarms and abnormal performance events.

2.2.6 Tone and Data Access Unit & RS-232/RS-422 Interface Unit
The tone and data access unit (TDA) of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) series equipment is an external board. It features flexible networking, subrack slot-independent, and possible external clock reference. It provides 2-wire/4-wire audio interfaces as well as standard asynchronous RS-232 and RS-422 interfaces. 1. Function of TDA Each multi-interface tone and data access board can simultaneously process 12 2-wire tone dedicated line signals, four RS-232 interface signals, and four RS-422 interface signals. Each two 2-wire interfaces can be configured as a 4-wire interface, and mixed configuration of 4-wire and 2-wire interfaces is supported. If eight multi-interface tone and data access boards are concatenated, each single station can add/drop up to 96 tone interface signals, 32 RS-232 interface signals, and 32 RS-422 interface signals. The type of the tone interface is the 600 balanced interface. Feed mode and non-feed mode are provided to the user equipment, the default setting being the non-feed mode. Data interfaces RS-232 and RS-422 are asynchronous interfaces, with maximum transmission rate at 19.2 kbit/s. TDA communicates with the host through the RS-232 serial port (marked RS232-1) through the F&f interface on the subrack to report performance and alarms. When TDA concatenation is needed to add/drop service, the RS-232 interface marked RS232-2 of TDA No. 1 and the RS-232 interface marked RS232-1 of TDA No. 2 are concatenated. The two TDAs communicate with the SCC through the RS-232 interface marked RS232-1 of TDA No.1 and the F&f interface on the subrack. Table 2-12 lists the interface transfer boards used by the tone and data interface units as well as the transmission distances.
Table 2-12 Tone and data interface transfer boards

Interface type
tone interface RS-232 asynchronous interface RS-422 asynchronous interface

Transfer board type


NA B64

Transmission distance
4000 m 15 m 1000 m

In addition to the above functions, the TDA board also provides the following

2-20

Functionality functions:

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

It can trace and access the external timing signals or service clock as the reference timing source. It can also report the clock state periodically. It provides software-activated inloop and outloop of the tributary path. It communicates through the RS-232/RS-422 interfaces with the host and the NM of the Huawei transmission equipment. It also reports the tributary alarms and performance events, and receives the commands issued by the NM. The configurations can be saved. That is, it can stop communicating with the host and the NM after it saves the commands. 2. Features of TDA Tone interface One TDA has 12 tone signal interfaces, with the specifications in compliance with relevant standards. As the TDA is used in the dedicated line mode, the tone interfaces can apply one of the two modes, feed and non-feed, and the default setting is the non-feed mode. The feed mode is software controlled. The tone interfaces of the TDA do not contain signaling, ringing, and hook-off check information, and do not support telephone calls. All services are configured through the NM to set up semi-permanent connection. TDA services can be configured as tone point-to-point bidirectional dedicated line mode, tone point-to-multipoint unidirectional broadcasting mode, and data point-to-point bidirectional mode. The matching impedance of the tone interface is 600 . The input frequency of the tone signal ranges 3003400 Hz. The tone transmission features are in compliance with relevant standards. Two 2-wire tone interfaces can be concatenated as a 4-wire interface, with the interface specifications the same as those of the 2-wire tone interfaces. Data interface One TDA provides four RS-232 and four RS-422 asynchronous serial interfaces. Currently RS-232 is the most widely used standard serial interface. The RS-232 interface signals of the TDA are Rx (receive), Tx (transmit) and GND (ground). The level of the RS-232 signals adopts negative logic. Any voltage within +3 to +15V indicates logic "0", and any voltage within 3 to 15 V indicates logic "1". The transmission distance of the RS-232 signals is within 15 m, and the transmission rate is less than 19.2 kbit/s. The RS-422 serial interface adopts the Electric Specifications Standard for Balanced Voltage Digital Interface and adopts the twisted pair lines in signal transmission. It converts logic level into level difference through the driver, transmits the level difference signals to the receiver through the transmission lines, and converts the level difference into logic level. The signals of the RS-422 interface include Rx+, Rx-, Tx+ and Tx-. Each RS-422 channel uses two signal lines, one logic "1" and the other logic "0". The transmission distance of RS-422 signals can reach 1000 m, and the transmission rate is less than 19.2 kbit/s. E1 75 unbalanced interface

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The interface is in compliance with the ITU-T Recommendation G.703. The E1 signal format is HDB3 code, and the rate is 2.048 Mbit/s.

2.2.7 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix Unit


The cross-connect matrix of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be the XCS or XCL board. The XCS board is used in the large-capacity NEs that have a line rate of STM-16, with 128 x 128 VC-4 level higher-order cross-connect matrix and 32 x 32 VC-12 level lower-order cross-connect matrix to provide grooming capability for VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12 services. The SDH cross-connect unit enables the interworking and the exchanging of interface side services at VC-4, VC-3 and VC-12 levels as shown in Figure 2-3. The XCL board is used in the small-capacity NEs that have a line rate of STM-4. XCL has a 48 x 48 VC-4 higher-order matrix and a 1008 x 1008 VC-12 (48 x 48 VC-3) lower-order cross-connect matrix. Meanwhile it has grooming capability for the VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 services, and can realize the interconnection and exchange at the levels of VC-4, VC-3, and VC-12 on the interface side.

32 x VC-4

32 x 32 VC-4 Time-division crossconnect

96 x STM-1 access

128 x 128 VC-4 cross-connect

32 x 32 VC-12 Space-division crossconnect

32 x VC-4

32 x 32 VC-4 Time-division crossconnect

SDH cross-connect matrix unit


Figure 2-3 The cross-connect function of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

For the services at interface side that enter the cross network, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the following cross-connection methods. 1. Direct Connection As illustrated in Figure 2-4, the line side service enters the cross-connect matrix from one side and is output in the same timeslot on the other side.

2-22

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Line

Line

Figure 2-4 Direct connection mode

2. Add/Drop As illustrated in Figure 2-5, the service from the line is dropped to the tributary in the specified timeslots, and the service from the tributary is added into the line in the configured timeslots. ADM NE provides service access in this mode. The timeslots added and dropped to the tributary by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are random, while all available timeslots can be distributed on the line. The timeslots and the direction of the services added and dropped can be the same or different.
W E

Line

Line

Tributary

Figure 2-5 Add/Drop mode

3. Broadcast OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can drop line services simultaneously to a number of tributary timeslots, or add the tributary services to a number of line timeslots simultaneously, as shown in Figure 2-6 (a). Figure 2-6 (b) shows that the tributary services are assigned to a number of tributary timeslots. Figure 2-6 (c) shows the broadcasting of line services to a number of line timeslots. Figure 2-6 (d) shows the broadcasting of line services within the internal timeslots. The above methods can be done at the same time.

2-23

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

( a) Line-tributary

( b) Tributary-tributary

( c) Line-line

( d) Inter-TS in the line

Figure 2-6 Broadcast mode

4. Loopback Loopback can be a line loopback or a tributary loopback. As shown Figure 2-7, line loopback refers to the process that line services go in the cross-connect matrix and go out in the same line timeslots. As shown in Figure 2-8, tributary loopback refers to the process that tributary services go in the cross-connect matrix and go out in the same tributary timeslots.
W E

Line

Line

Figure 2-7 Line loopback

Line

Line

Tributary

Figure 2-8 Tributary Loopback

2-24

Functionality 5. Cross-Connect

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

As illustrated in Figure 2-9, the inter-line cross-connection is used in protection switching, service grooming and path selection. It enhances network capability and network survival capability. The cross-connection between line and tributary is used in equipment configuration, service adding/dropping, path selection and complex network topology as well. The cross-connection between tributary and line is used in service grooming and testing, supporting the low-level network topology and tributary service testing.
W E

Line

Line

Tributary

Figure 2-9 Service cross-connect

2.2.8 Synchronous Timing Unit


The synchronous timing function of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is achieved by fully following the ITU-T recommendations G.783 and G.813. It is provided by the XCS and XCL boards. 1. Interface OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides two 2.048 MHz or two 2.048 Mbit/s input interfaces. All interfaces provided are G.703-compliant. The characteristic impedance of all these interfaces is 75 . 120 input or output is provided by cables with the impedance switching function. In order to coordinate with the construction of the synchronization network, the synchronous output interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can output any line timing signal directly to provide upstream timing information for the network node clock. 2. Synchronous Status Message (SSM) Function The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) synchronous timing unit employs S1 byte for the SSM function with standard interface, which effectively provides automatic protection switching of the network clock and avoids the formation of a timing loop. This greatly improves network reliability and simplifies the planning & design of the synchronous networks. The external 2 Mbit/s synchronous interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is equipped with SSM function. The 2 Mbit/s synchronous clock output interface also

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM has SSM function, which can be interconnected with external timing equipment or the equipment from other vendors as well. Furthermore, NM can set the SSM thresholds of respective NEs of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), facilitating the management of synchronous networks. For the working principles of the SSM function, refer to section 2.5 Clock Synchronous Network Technology. 3. Working Mode The synchronous timing unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has three working modes:

(1) Tracking mode: It is the normal working mode. The NE can trace the timing sources from all lines, tributaries and from the two external timing sources. (2) Holdover mode: Upon the loss of timing reference, the NE uses the frequency information saved just before the timing reference loss as its timing reference, which is in compliance with relevant phase standard of Recommendation G.813. (3) Free-run mode: The NE works with the inherent frequency of its internal crystal oscillator. The accuracy is not less than 0.46 ppm.
4. Rich in Timing Sources When the equipment is operating under the tracking mode, the following synchronous timing sources can be selected as reference: Two 2048 kHz or two 2048 kbit/s (with SSM) G.703-compliant external synchronous timing sources; Any of the output timing reference source from the12 interface units in the IU slots (each interface board can provide four timing sources). There are altogether 51 clock input units.

2.2.9 SCC
1. Functionality and Principle The system control & communication unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) enables the management of the synchronous equipment and communication function. It provides the interface between the equipment and the network management system (NMS). All the functions are provided by SCC board. According to the ITU-T Recommendation G.783, the main functions accomplished by the SCC board and its specific structure are as illustrated in Figure 2-10.

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Functionality
S17 S16

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
S14 S13 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1

S18 S19

SEMF

S15

V F interface MCF

P D4~D12 ( DCCm ) N D1~D3 (DCC R )

Q interface

Figure 2-10 Functional block diagram of SCC board

The principle block diagram of the SCC board is as shown in Figure 2-11.
Ethernet interface CPU Sn DCC interface N Interface board SOH

Figure 2-11 Principle block diagram of the SCC board

The two functional modules shown in the figures are explained below.

(1) Synchronous equipment management function (SEMF)


SEMF is engaged in converting performance data and hardware alarm actually realized into object oriented messages, for transmission in DCC or Qx interfaces, or transmission in both the DCC and Qx interfaces. Simultaneously, SEMF also converts the objective-oriented messages related to other management functions, for transferring through reference point Sn. The SEMF functional block exchanges management information with other functional blocks through the reference point Sn. Normally, there is an enormous amount of original data received from the various functional blocks, which may lead to overload if it is sent directly to the network management system without filtering. For this purpose, the SEMF functional block has provided several internal filters, so that the filtered data are sent to the proxy through the management target. In addition, the management

Circuit boards

Highspeed serial port and mailbox

F interface Q interface

Data communi cations network

NM terminal

Memory

2-27

Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM targets also send other management information to the proxy or receive the management control information from the proxy. Management targets support transaction and memory, and expresses information in a uniform way. On the other hand, the proxy converts the information into common management information protocol service unit (CMISE) messages and responds to the CMISE messages sent from the manager. The proxy output and input information is sent to the message communication function (MCF) unit through the V reference point. In Figure 2-11, the CPU accomplishes the board configuration, performance & alarm data collection, switching control by the mailboxes of respective boards, realizing information exchange with respective boards and synchronous equipment management function.

(2) Message communication function (MCF)


MCF is engaged in the communication of various messages. The messages are exchanged with SEMF through the V reference point, and the DCC bytes exported from the MCF of reference point N are placed at D1D3 byte positions within RSOH, and serves as a single 192kbit/s message oriented path to provide the function of maintenance & management message communication between RST functional blocks. The MCF provides nine data communication channels through P reference point, which are continuously positioned in D4D12 bytes in MSOH to enable the communication function with the maintenance & management messages of the MST function. In the meantime, the MCF also provides F and Q interfaces to connect with the NMS, and accomplishes the communication between the synchronous equipment and the NMS. In Figure 2-11, the SCC board communicates with respective NEs through the DCC path to manage the entire network and it provides standard Q and F interfaces to accomplish the communication function between equipment and the NMS. 2. SCC Software Function The SCC software, with the NM and the SCC board as hardware, accomplishes the realtime monitoring, maintenance and management of the SDH NEs and the SDH network. It consists of communication module (CM) and administration module (AM). The CM provides MCF as described in ITU-T Recommendation G.783, and the function of transferring OAM&P messages between the transmission network management system and the NE, and between NEs. The AM employs the SDH management information model as described in ITU-T Recommendation G.774 series, accomplishing synchronous equipment management function (SEMF), including configuration management, alarm management, performance management and user management, as described in ITU-T Recommendation G.783. SCC board software process is as shown in Figure 2-12.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

NM

Other NE

Ethernet

OAM

ECC

Communication service

Command explanation and feedback processing

Operation system

Performance management

Configuration management

Alarm management

User management

Initialization

Command issuing and response receiving

Board software

Figure 2-12 SCC board software process

2.2.10 Overhead Processing Unit


The overhead processing unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) implements extraction & processing of overhead bytes and the provision of orderwire functions. The SCC board provides these functions. The overhead processing and orderwire functions are mainly used for the retrieving, inserting, switching and processing of orderwire byte E1 and E2, user path byte F1 and the four unused bytes. The overhead processing and orderwire part of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides three ordinary two-wire telephones, one 64k bit/s equidirectional data interface (F1 interface) that is in conformity with ITU-T Recommendation G.703 and four serial ports (Serial 1Serial 4 may be used as either RS-422 interface or RS-232 interface). Serial 1 interface uses X1 byte. Serial 2 interface uses X2 byte. Serial 3 uses X3 byte or F2 byte in the higher-order channel (through software setup). The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is compatible and interworks with the OptiX 155/622 and the OptiX Metro 3100 through the F2 interface with the said byte. Serial 4 interface uses X4 byte.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The positions of X1, X2, X3/F2 and X4 in the frame structure are as shown in Figure 2-13. The orderwire telephones for equipment operations & maintenance and data terminal equipment (with the G.703-compliant 64 kbit/s equidirectional data interfaces and RS-232 & RS-422 interfaces) can be interconnected with the OptiX equipment at other data rates through overhead processing (for example, OptiX 155/622(Metro2050), OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), OptiX 155/622H(Metro1000) and OptiX BWS 320G). Different access modes are provided.

A1 B1 D1 AU-PTR B2 D4 D7 D10 S1

A1

A1

A2 E1 D2

A2

A2

J0 F1 D3 X1 X2

B2 X4

B2

K1 D5 D8 D11 M1

K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 X3

Figure 2-13 Undefined section overhead bytes corresponding the serial port of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

The functions provided by orderwire telephone are as follows: Support dual-tone dialing Provide site selection call Conference call Subnetwork interconnection function: Provide the interconnection between the orderwire telephones of two adjacent subnetworks without optical fiber connection. Functions supported by serial data ports are as follows: Point-to-point data transmission Point-to-multipoint data transmission Data transparent transmission mode with a maximum rate of 19.2 kbit/s

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.2.11 Auxiliary Interface Unit


The auxiliary interface unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) enables voltage monitoring, temperature monitoring, alarm access and alarm outputting functions. It also enables the outlets of maintenance interfaces, whose specific functions are as mentioned below: Voltage monitoring: The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) employs the power supply in two protection modes, with which under-voltage and over-voltage of the two 48 V/60 V power supply voltages can be monitored. Temperature monitoring: The temperature within the cabinets of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is monitored. The monitoring precision is about 0.5 degree centigrade. Alarm output: Two sets of alarm outputs are offered, one for normal alarms and the other for high-level alarms. The alarm signals are sent by the opening/closing of a relay. Alarm access: Alarm input from six external systems can be connected, either in TTL level mode or in relay Open/Close mode. Driving of subrack alarm indicator: The driving interface for subrack alarm indicators is provided, and the driving signals of alarm indicators sent from other subracks may also be accessed. The following external maintenance interfaces are provided: Three orderwire telephone interfaces, four RS232/RS422 serial interfaces, one F1 codirectional data interface, one X.25 interface, one Ethernet interface, two external clock input/output interfaces, six external alarm input interfaces, and two intra-equipment alarm output interfaces.

2.2.12 Power Backup Unit


It is to provide backup power supply for the board with power module failure through the PBU board, which features the following functions: Provide backup power supply for the board with power module failure. Report the power failure alarm of the PBU board and monitor the power output voltage. The PBU board is hot swappable.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.3 Equipment-Level Protection


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the redundancy standby protection to key functional blocks. When a fault occurs to the working module, the system will automatically switch the services preset to be protected to the standby module. This active/standby mode can be either 1+1 hot standby or 1:N protection. Figure 2-14 shows the two modes:

Active

Standby

Active

Active

Active

Standby

1+1 active/standby protection

1:N protection

Figure 2-14 1+1 and 1:N protection

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the equipment-level service protection for the following functional modules: PDH processing board SDH processing board, SDH cross-connect matrix and synchronous timing unit Abnormality-specific service protection mode

2.3.1 Protection of Processing Boards


OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides TPS protections for processing boards are shown in Figure 2-15.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
switching bridge board

PDH interface board

PDH processing board

IU1

Figure 2-15 TPS protection mode of PDH processing board

With the electrical interface protection function OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports 1:N interface protection of T1, E1, E3, T3, E4, and STM-1 electrical interfaces, that is, the electrical interface protection of the PD1, PQ1, PM1, PQM, DX1, PL3, SPQ4 and SQE boards is supported. One of the following protections is implemented: 1:N (N[8) protection of one set of E1/T1 1:N (N[8) protection of one set of E3/T3 1:N (N[7) protection of one set of E4/STM-1 electrical interfaces Simultaneously 1:N protection of one set of E1/T1 and 1:M protection of one set of STM-1 electrical interface, N + M [ 6

2.3.2 SDH Cross-Connect Matrix and Synchronous Timing Unit


Both of the SDH cross-connect matrix and the synchronous timing unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are provided by the XCS and XCL boards. The XCS and XCL boards employ 1+1 hot standby to protect the cross-connect unit and the timing unit simultaneously. When the active SDH cross-connect matrix and the synchronous timing unit are in normal working, the standby SDH cross-connect matrix and the synchronous timing unit are in the standby working mode with the service cross-connection function inactivated. The standby unit does not provide timing reference to the system, and the cross-connect matrix setup and clock configuration are the same as the active unit. When the standby units receive the information

PDH interface board

Service signals and power provided by protection processing boards

PDH processing board

PDH processing board

IU2

IUP

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM indicating abnormal performance of the active units or a switching command is sent by the NM, they will immediately take over the job of the active units, setting themselves into the active working mode and sending out a switchover alarm.

2.3.3 Power Unit


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can access two 48 V/60 V DC working power supplies through the power box. The two power supplies are in mutual backup condition. In the case when one fails, the other enters into the working state. In this way, it ensures that the equipment is normally powered without any interruption.

2.3.4 Abnormality-Specific Service Protection


1. Power Failure in Software Loading Process Application programs and data have the check function. In the case when the loading is interrupted, the BIOS will not start the unfinished software until it is successfully loaded. 2. Providing Over-Voltage and Under-Voltage Protection The power board is designed with a lightning protection mechanism to effectively reduce the damages that may possibly be caused by transient high-voltage (such as lightning). In case of low voltage, this board will automatically reset the CPU. The software will re-initialize the chips. The software will provide a mirror protection on important memories that may affect the services. In the case when the voltage is not stable resulting in memory value changes, the values can be recovered to normalcy. In addition, when the voltage is too low, the power system will automatically cut off the active power so that the system is protected. 3. Providing Board Temperature Check Function Temperature detection circuit is provided on important boards that generate more heat. When the ambient temperature detected is too high, an alarm is generated to alert the maintenance personnel to check up the fans and clean them up, if necessary. 4. Providing Power Backup Function The working boards adopt a mixed way of power supply, separate power supply and central power supply. When the system operates normally, it adopts separate power supply, that is, the working boards are powered by the secondary power module of the boards themselves. When the secondary power module of a board is faulty, the board is powered by the PBU. The power supply reliability is guaranteed.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.4 Network-Level Protection


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has a powerful network self-healing protection capability. It can provide multiple service protection modes in the SDH layer, including path protection, subnetwork connection protection, SDH ring interworking service protection and shared optical fiber virtual path protection.

2.4.1 SDH Trail Protection


The trail protection in the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can occur at the section layer or the path layer so as to enable the linear multiplex section (MS) protection (MSP), the multiplex section protection ring, and the path protection (PP). 1. Chain Multiplex Section Protection Line multiplex section protection is mainly used in linear networking mode. There are two kinds of protection modes: 1+1 protection mode and 1:N protection mode. Under the 1+1 protection mode, each working system is protected by an exclusive standby system. Under the 1:N protection mode, N systems share one protection system. For the latter protection mode when the systems run smoothly the protection system can be used to transmit extra services in order to achieve higher efficiency than offered by a 1+1 protection mode system. However, it needs the complicated APS protocol to support it. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the 1+1 and 1:N (1N14) protection modes in the point-to-point linear networking mode. In 1:1 mode, the bearing of additional services on protection system is supported. In all the application modes, the switching time is less than 50ms as specified in ITU-T recommendations. 2. Multiplex Section Protection Multiplex section protection ring is an ideal protection mode for modern large-capacity, high-security transmission networks. Multiplex section ring is able to transmit low-level extra service on protection timeslots, which increases the utilization efficiency of the optical fiber resources and enhances the flexibility in allocating services on the network. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) completely supports the networking application of the two-fiber multiplex section shared protection rings. In the case of fiber cut at one or more points, circuit board failure or site failure, the service protection can be activated. The protection switching time is less than 50ms. Low-level extra services can be carried on the protection timeslot. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) fully supports the two-fiber, unidirectional, multiplex section protection ring. The switching condition and switching time are similarly set as the two-fiber, bidirectional, multiplex section switching ring. However, in terms of ring capacity and switching speed, the two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section protection ring is not advantageous to the two-fiber unidirectional channel switching ring and the two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring, and hence of little

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Functionality usage in reality.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Based on a dual-system design, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring. It also provides the ring switching as well as span switching functions. In the four-fiber working mode, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can also support the working mode of the two independent two-fiber MS switching rings. In this mode, one broken fiber will result in the switching of one two-fiber bidirectional MS switching ring without affecting the working of the other ring. This working mode enhances the reliability of the system significantly. 3. Path Protection The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports both the two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring and the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring and provides protection on a per path basis. Added/dropped services can be increased by choosing protection for some or all of the paths (the capacity ranges from N STM-1s to 2N STM-1s for the STM-N path rings). The quality of the path signals is evaluated by the path alarm signals (for example TU-AIS, TU-LOP) and the bit error status of the path signals. The switchover time of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is better than the 50ms switching time as stipulated in the ITU-T recommendations. The shorter switching time is attributable to the optimization of the system hardware and software for the path protection. This is of great importance to the traffic such as signaling, data, and video, which is bit error sensitive. The 1+1 mode of the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring is basically similar to that of the unidirectional protection ring, but the difference is that the returned signals move in a reverse direction. The main advantage of path protection is this. With no protection rings, or with the same ADM equipment used in a chain network, the paths can be re-used. This increases the total added/dropped services. This protection mode ensures route consistency for bidirectional services, which is rather important for delay sensitive services (such as video services).

2.4.2 SNCP
In the case of very complicated networks, subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) is the only applicable service protection mode. It is applicable for various network topologies and it features a faster switching speed. SNCP is a protection of path layer and is used to protect the service between the two points in any complicated networks (for example, two-fiber path protection ring in the ring network). The support of OptiX 2500+(Metro2050) to SNCP is in conformity with the requirements of ITU-T Recommendation G.841. Even in the presence of multiple service switchovers, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can meet the stipulated switching time of less than 50ms.

2.4.3 Service Protection of Interconnected Networks


When there are more than one interworking routes between the ring networks, internetwork service protection can be enabled. For the two ring networks in the dual node Interconnection (DNI) mode, ITU-T Recommendation G.842 specifies the

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM modes of protecting the inter-network services (SNCP and MSP). The support of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) to the DNI mode fully conforms to ITU-T Recommendation G.842.

2.4.4 Virtual Optical Fiber Protection Ring


The virtual ring is enabled through the sharing of the optical path. When two rings intersect, one ring can share the optical fiber of the other ring at the intersected part. The other part can be used for the virtual optical path. This results in a valuable saving on the optical fibers and optical boards. With the introduction of logical subsystem, one physical optical fiber can be divided into a number of logical fibers by using the proprietary shared optical fiber virtual path protection technology. Thus, one optical fiber can support multiple protection modes or the combinations of them. The protection levels can be set at VC12, VC-3 or VC-4 to implement any classified service protection and protection for complicated networks, as shown in Figure 2-16.
ADM

ADM

STM-1Channel protection ring

ADM

STM-4 Multiplex section protection ring

ADM

ADM

Figure 2-16 Application of virtual optical fiber shared path protection

2.4.5 ATM Layer Service Protection


To improve the transmission efficiency in the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), the ATM service is transferred to the shared ring network mode to enhance the bandwidth utilization. At the same time, the ATM ring network protection (based on the VP-Ring complying with ITU-T Recommendation I.630) can be provided for the ATM services to enhance the network security. Currently, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the VC/VP/VPG 1+1 linear protection, and adopts working and protection paths similar to the SDH path protection mechanism. It is implemented by detecting the signal quality in the receive-end and adopts the dual fed signal selection mode.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.4.6 STP Protection of Ethernet Service


STP is part of the Spanning Tree Bridge Protocol (IEEE 802.1d), and its functions are as follows: STP eliminates the network loop due to mistakes or unexpected events to avoid the otherwise network multicast storm. The application of the STP makes it possible to have a backup connection in a time when there is a network fault or a change of the topology. With the ET1 board, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) realizes the execution of the STP at each Ethernet port in a transmission network-wide context, making a tree delivery of the Ethernet service. When there is a fault, the transmission tree for the transmission of Ethernet service will be recreated with the application of each Ethernet port and recalculation of the topology, diverging the impact on the Ethernet service from the network fault. Concerning complicated network, the longer execution time (compared with the SDH protection) of the STP will affect the Ethernet service. For this reason the STP protection of the Ethernet service is only supplementary to the SDH protection.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.5 Clock Synchronous Network

Technology
In a synchronous network, it is very importance to keep the clocks synchronous in all NEs. Usually, there are a number of clock reference sources available for one NE. They may come from the same primary clock source or from the clock reference sources of different quality. To accomplish the automatic protection switching function of the synchronous clock sources, the quality information of respective clock reference sources is needed. S1 byte defined by the ITU-T is used to transmit the clock source and the quality information. It uses the higher four bits (b5b8) in S1 byte of the section overhead (SOH) to express 16 types of synchronous source quality information. Table 2-13 shows the synchronous status message codes defined by the ITU-T recommendations. By utilizing this information and complying with a certain switching protocol, the automatic protection switching function for the synchronous clock can be fulfilled on the synchronous network.
Table 2-13 Coding of synchronous status information S1 (b5b8) 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 Quality grade of SDH synchronization Synchronization quality unknown (for existing synchronous networks) Reserved G.811 timing signal Reserved G.812 transit exchange clock signal Reserved Reserved Reserved G.812 local exchange clock signal Reserved Reserved Synchronous equipment timing source (SETS) Reserved Reserved

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Functionality
S1 (b5b8) 1110 1111 Quality grade of SDH synchronization Reserved Not used for synchronization purpose

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

In the SDH optical transmission system, the automatic protection switching of the timing is based on the following protocols: Among the currently available clock sources, an NE first selects a clock source at the highest level of S1 byte as the synchronous source. It sends the quality information (or S1 byte) of the synchronous source to the downstream NE. When the S1 byte information contained in multiple clock sources in the NE is the same, the system will select the clock source of the higher priority level (as per the priority order in the priority level table) as the synchronous source. It then transmits the quality information of this synchronous source to the downstream NE If NE B (at site B) currently traces the clock synchronous source of NE A, the clock of NE B is an unusable synchronous source for NE A. The following is an example of the execution process of the automatic protection switchover of the synchronous clocks. On the transmission network shown in Figure 2-17, the BITS clock signals are introduced to both NE1 and NE4 through the external timing interfaces. These two external BITS clocks, which are in mutual backup, satisfy the requirements in ITU-T Recommendation G.812 for the quality of the local timing reference source. Start the S1 bytes and set the timing source protection. The synchronous sources of each NE and their priorities are shown in Table 2-14. In addition, the timeslot (given by the BITS provider) where the S1 bytes of the external BITS clock are located needs to be set for NE1 and NE4.
Table 2-14 Configuration of NE synchronous sources and clock source levels

NE
NE1 NE2 NE3 NE4 NE5

Synchronous source
External clock source West timing source West timing source West timing source East clock source

Priority
External timing source, west timing source, east timing source and built-in timing source West timing source, east timing source and built-in timing source West timing source, east timing source and built-in timing source West timing source, east timing source, external timing source and built-in timing source East timing source, west timing source and built-in timing source

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Functionality NE
NE6

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Synchronous source


East clock source

Priority
East timing source, west timing source and built-in timing source

Normally, the clocks of the entire transmission network are synchronized with the external BITS clock reference source of NE1 as shown in Figure 2-17.
BITS
E W E

NE1

NE6

NE2
E

BITS

NE5
W

NE3

NE4

Figure 2-17 Clock tracking in normal state

During normal operation, if the optical fibers between NE2 and NE3 are broken, the synchronous clock automatic protection switchover will occur. As per the above switching protocol, since NE4 is tracking the clock of NE3, the timing source quality message that NE4 sends to NE3 is "Timing Source Unusable", that is, the most significant four bits of the S1 byte are 1111. When detecting the loss of the west synchronous timing source, NE3 can only use its own built-in timing source instead of the east timing source as reference. NE3 will transmit this message to NE4 through the S1 byte, that is, the most significant four bits of the S1 byte are 1011, meaning "synchronous equipment timing source" (SETS). After receiving the information, NE4 will find that the quality of the tracked synchronous source has deteriorated (the original quality is the G.812 local office clock, for which the higher four bits of the S1 byte are 1000), and the synchronous source is not of high quality. In such a case, NE4 should select the clock reference source that satisfies the quality requirement. There are four clock sources available for NE4: west timing source, east timing source, external BITS timing source and built-in timing source. Obviously, only the east timing source and external BITS timing source meet the quality requirement here. As the east timing source configured in NE4 has a higher priority than the external BITS timing source, NE4 eventually selects the east timing source as its own synchronous source. When the synchronous source that NE4 tracks is switched from the west to the east, the east timing source of NE3 becomes usable. Among all the clock sources for NE3, the east clock source has the highest quality. So, NE3 chooses the east clock source as the local synchronous source. As a result, the clock tracking in the entire transmission network will be as shown in Figure 2-18.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

BITS
E W E

NE1

NE6

NE2
E

BITS

NE5
W

NE3

NE4

Figure 2-18 Clock tracking in case of optical fiber breakage between NE2 and NE3

If the external BITS clock of NE1 fails, then according to the switchover protocol and by the method of the above analysis, we can see that the final clock tracking of the transmission network will be as shown in Figure 2-19.
E

NE1

NE6

NE2
E

BITS

NE5
W

NE3

NE4

Figure 2-19 Clock tracking in case of External BITS failure of NE1

Suppose that, in normal working, external BITS clocks of NE1 and NE4 fail. In the light of the switching protocol, each NE will select the one with the highest priority from the usable timing sources as its synchronous source. Assume that each NE on the network is synchronous with the clock of NE4 before the failure of both the BITS. Through the analysis, it is easy to see that the clock of each NE on the network is still synchronized with the clock of NE4, as shown in Figure 2-20. But the synchronous timing of the entire transmission network declines in quality from the original recommended in ITU-T G.812 recommendation for local to synchronous equipment timing source (SETS), though the entire network is still synchronous with a reference timing source.

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Functionality
E NE1 W E NE6 W

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

W NE2 E NE3 W E W Internal clock NE4 E NE5

Figure 2-20 Clock tracking in case both the external BITSs fail

The automatic protection switchover of synchronous clocks has greatly enhanced the reliability of the synchronous network.

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Functionality

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

2.6 In-Service Upgrade of Unit

Functions
In-service upgrading is available for board software (including CPU executable program and hardware loadable files) and the SCC software, in order to support:

(1) The upgrade of future OSI communication protocol (2) The in-service upgrade of the functional modules of alarm management, performance management and configuration management (3) The update and revision of ITU-T recommendations about information model (4) The setting and modification of intermediate system ECC route table
For the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), the in-service upgrade of unit functions has the following features:

(1) Supports the software in-service loading, remote loading and loading progress indication. (2) Supports the software error prevention loading, breaking point continuous transmission, and version matching check. (3) The SCC board can be configured with two sets of SCC software to support the loading of new software without affecting the current software running. After the correctness is confirmed, the new software will replace the old software. (4) The inversion of software upgrading is also supported so that the software can be recovered to the original state after the upgrading fails. The SCC board also enables manual switching between the two sets of software. In the process of switching, the set configuration information will not be damaged and the services of NE equipment will not be interrupted.

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OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

3 Configuration and Networking

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts the hierarchical compatibility design, featuring easy replacement and changeability. In the same subrack, the equipment can be configured as TM or ADM single-system or a system of combination at the STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 level. This enables the smooth evolution from the low-level network to the high-level network. As far as the transmission service is concerned, the equipment is capable of offering the access and transmission for PDH services (when configured as PDH interface unit), and for ATM/Ethernet services (when configured as broadband service interface units). This enables a smooth evolution from the narrowband service transmission network to a broadband service transmission network.

3.1 Configuration
3.1.1 Access Capability
The access capability of a single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) system is determined jointly by the capacity of the SDH cross-connect matrix unit as well as the capacity of the processing boards in the IU slots. The processing capacity of the SDH cross-connect matrix unit in the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is 128 x 128 VC-4, and the maximum access capacity is 96 x STM-1. The access capacity of the processing boards in the IU slots is listed in the Table 3-1.

3-1

Configuration and Networking


Table 3-1 Access capacity occupied by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) interface boards

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Board
S16 SD4 SL4 SD1 SQ1 SL1 SQE SDE SPQ4 DX1 BA2/BPA PD1 PQ1 PM1 PQM PL3 AL1 ET1 EMS1 EFS0 EGT EFT EGT2

Description
STM-16 optical interface board Dual STM-4 optical interface unit STM-4 optical interface board Dual STM-1 optical interface board Quad-STM-1 optical interface board STM-1 optical interface board 4 x STM-1 electrical interface board 2 x STM-1 electrical interface board 4 x E4&STM-1 electrical interface board DDN processing board Optical booster amplifier unit/optical booster & pre-amplifier unit 32 x E1 interfaces unit 63 x E1 interfaces board 32 x E1/T1 interfaces unit 63 x E1/T1 interfaces board 3 x E3/T3 interfaces unit 155M ATM process unit Ethernet transparent transmission board Fast Ethernet /Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 switching processing board Gigabit Ethernet transparent transmission board Fast Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 transparent transmission board Gigabit Ethernet VC-12/VC-3 transparent transmission board

Processing capability
16 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 1 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 2 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 48 x E1 1 x STM1 x STM1 x STM-1 1 x STM1 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 48 x E1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 8 x STM-1 4 x STM-1 8 x STM-1

Note: TDA, COA, BPA, and BA2 do not occupy the capacity of the bus. TDA and COA do not occupy slots.

3-2

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

3.1.2 Configuration Mode


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be configured as terminal multiplexer (TM), add/drop multiplexer (ADM), regenerator (REG) and the combination of TM, ADM and REG. The configuration is done on the basis of equipment type and capacity, and with the consideration of the actual situation and needs. 1. Basic Principal for Board Slot Assignment The slot assignment on the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) follows these principles: As the number of total slots available is fixed, and every board may offer different access capacity and reside in different slot, board slots should be assigned in a flexible way, so as to maximize the utilization of slot resources.. The IU slots can hold processing boards for SDH, PDH, DDN and broadband service (AL1, ET1, EMS1, EFS0, EGT, EGT2 and EFT ). As slot IU14 and IU912 provide interfaces for slot LTU, the assignment priority goes to the PDH and broadband service processing board. When the EGT board is inserted in the IU4 slot, the IU3 slot cannot hold other boards (except the EDFA optical amplification board which occupies no access capacity) due to bus multiplexing. Similarly, when the EGT is plugged in the IU9 slot, the IU10 slot cannot hold other boards. Since SDE board does not need interface board for service output, it can be inserted in any IU slot. Besides S16 board, slots IU49 are also be assignable for the EGT board. Due to the width of the front panel of the BA2 and BPA boards, they can only be inserted in even-numbered slots. When offering TPS protection for E1/T1, the protection board can be inserted in slot IU1 and IUP. But when offering TPS protection for E3/T3 and E4/STM-1 (electrical interface) processing board, only slot IUP can the protection board be inserted in. Each OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack supports the adding/dropping of maximum 504 x E1/T1s or 24 x E3/T3s. If the service access capacity is near or above these limits, concatenation of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems or extended subrack may be considered For key nodes or service hubs, we recommend to apply hot standby protection to the important boards (for example, XCS/XCL and PD1/PQ1/PM1/PQM/SQE) 2. Cabinet Configuration Principles Table 3-2 lists the cabinets to be configured of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). The 2000 mm cabinet supports one OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack, and the 2200 mm and 2600

3-3

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

mm cabinets support two OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subracks respectively.


Table 3-2 OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) configuration resources

OptiX optical synchronous transmission equipment


Primary subrack Extended subrack

Specifications
OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) single subrack OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) or OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

Table 3-3 OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) cabinet and components

OptiX cabinet and components


ETSI cabinet (including alarm, power, and ring current units) OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) standard subrack Extended subrack

Specifications
2000 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2200 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2600 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 668 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 542 mm (depth) 500 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 264 mm (depth) -OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) 668 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 542 mm (depth) -OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

Fan box (indispensable)

74 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 282 mm (depth)

3. Typical Board Configurations The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts MADM/MSTP architecture design to incorporate multiple systems, allowing you to enable the functions of several equipment on single subrack. In addition to single TM, ADM and REG configuration at STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 level, the equipment can also be configured into a hybrid system at the STM-1, STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 level. In the following description about various configurations, GIU stands for line interface board and IU for tributary interface board.

(1) Configuration of TM
STM-4/STM-16 single TM system configuration is shown in Figure 3-1.

3-4

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

I U I I I I G 1 U U U U I / 2 3 4 5 U P

X C S

X C S

I I I I I U U U U U 1 1 7 8 9 0 1

I S I U C U 1 C P 2

FAN

Figure 3-1 STM-4/STM-16 single TM system configuration

Configuration description: To configure into an STM-16 TM system, the GIU slot houses S16 board, and the XCS slot houses the XCS board. To configure into an STM-4 TM system, the GIU slot houses the SD4 board, or the IU112 slot houses the SL4 board. The XCS slot houses the XCS/XCL board. The IU slot can house PDH interface board (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM), and SDH board (for example, SL1, SD1, SDE, SQ1, SD4, SL4, and SQE) to access low-speed PDH/SDH service. The IU slot can also house AL1 and ET1 optionally to access ATM and Ethernet services. The IU slot is also assignable for DX1 to offer interface for DDN service. When the received traffic exceeds the add/drop capacity of the single subrack, you can use the IU slot to house SDH boards (for example, SD1, SQ1, SD4, SL4, SDE, SQE, and SPQ4) to concatenate the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) or adopt an extended subrack to enlarge the access capacity. The IUP slot can house PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, DX1 and SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slots can house PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 and PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical board. Single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack can access 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 services. Single extended subrack can support the access of 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 services at most. The cross-connect slot can house the XCS and XCL board, providing cross-connect and timing functions. Backup XCS is optionally used to provide hot backup for key circuit boards.

(2) Configuration of ADM (dual TM)


The configuration of single ADM system at the STM-4/STM-16 level is shown in Figure 3-2.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

I U I I I G G 1 U U U I I / 2 3 4 U U P

X C S

X C S

I I I I I U U U U U 1 1 7 8 9 0 1

I S I U C U 1 C P 2

FAN

Figure 3-2 Configuration of STM-4/STM-16 single ADM (dual TM) system

Configuration description: To configure an STM-16 ADM system, the GIU slot houses S16 board, and the XCS slot houses the XCS board. To configure an STM-4 ADM system, the GIU slot houses SD4 board, or the IU112 houses the SL4 board. The XCS slot houses the XCS/XCL board. The IU slots can house optionally PDH interface boards (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM), and SDH boards (for example, SL1, SD1, SDE, SQ1, SD4, SL4, and SQE) to access low-speed PDH/SDH service. The IU slots can also house AL1 and ET1 optionally to access ATM and Ethernet services. Additionally, the IU slot is also assignable to DX1 board to offer access for DDN interface. When the received traffic exceeds the add/drop capacity of the single subrack, you can assign the IU slot to SDH boards (for example, SD1, SQ1, SD4, SL4, SDE, SQE, and SPQ4) to concatenate the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) or adopt an extended subrack to enlarge the access capacity. The IUP slot houses PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, or SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slots house PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 or PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical board. Single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack can access 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service. Single extended subrack can offer access for 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service at most. The system can implement 1+1, 1:1 protection scheme when configured as a dual ADM system. The cross-connect slot can house the XCS or XCL board, providing cross-connect and timing functions. Backup XCS is optional, and used for hot backup for key circuit boards.

(3) Extended subrack configuration


(a) Using the OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) subrack as extended subrack

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The configuration of OptiX 155/622(Metro2050) extended subrack system is shown in Figure 3-3.

T T T T T T T T G G L L L L S S S O U U U U U U U U T T U U U U T T C H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C C 1 2 3 4 G G C P

FAN

Figure 3-3 The configuration of extended subrack system (OptiX 155/622(Metro2050))

Configuration description: Extension subrack is used only to add/drop services, and is not allowed to be used for long distance transmission. Tributary unit TU can house board TDA, PD1, PL3 and PL4 optionally. Tributary unit TU can hold a mixture of various tributary boards in any of the tributary slot 18. To provide cross-connect functions, you can adopt GTC board. To provide timing function, you can adopt STG board. Depending on the volume of the traffic to be added/dropped through the subrack, the line unit of LU14 can be assigned to SL4 (top priority), SL2, SL1 or SE2, with total board number not exceeding 2. The standby GTC is optional, and is used for the hot standby of the cross-connect board. (b) Adopting the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack as extended subrack The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) extended subrack system configuration is shown in Figure 3-4.
I U I I I I G 1 U U U U I / 2 3 4 5 U P

X C E

X C E

I I I I I U U U U U 1 1 7 8 9 0 1

I S I U C U 1 C P 2

FAN

Figure 3-4 Extended subrack system configuration (the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000))

Configuration description:

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The IU board slot houses PDH interface boards (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM) to access low-rate PDH service. The IU slot can house the AL1 or ET1 board to access ATM/IP service. Additionally, the IU slot is also assignable to the DX1 board to interface with DDN service. The IUP slot houses the PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, DX1 or SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slot houses the PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 or PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of electrical interface boards. Single extended subrack can offer access for 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service at most. Backup XCS and XCL are optional, and are used for hot standby for the key boards.

(4) Hybrid configuration of STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16


Typical STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 hybrid configuration is shown in Figure 3-5.
I G G G I U I I I I U 1 U U U U 4 / 2 7 1 2 P

X C S

X C S

G I U 3

G I G I I U I U U 1 U 9 4 0 5

G S I I C U U C P 6

FAN

Figure 3-5 Typical STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 hybrid configuration

Configuration description: Refer to the parts describing the configuration of TM and ADM systems for tributary slot assignment. Figure 3-5 illustrates the typical implementation of an STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 TM hybrid system in one single subrack. The GIU1 and GIU2 house S16s to form system one: ADM at the STM-16 level. The GIU3 and GIU4 house S16s to form system two: ADM at the STM-16 level. The GIU5 and GIU6 house SL4s to form system three: ADM at the STM-4 level. The GIU7 houses SL4 to form system four: TM at the STM-1 level. It is also assignable to AL1 and ET1 boards to provide access for ATM/IP services. Four subsystems can share several tributary boards, and the services can be groomed from one subsystem to another. The IU board slot houses PDH interface boards (for example, PQ1, PD1, PL3, PM1, and PQM) and SDH interface boards (for example, SL1, SD1, SDE, SQ1, SL4, SD4, SPQ4 and SQE) to access low-rate PDH/SDH service. Additionally, the IU slot can also house the AL1 or ET1 board to access ATM and Ethernet services and DX1 board to access DDN service.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM When the received traffic exceeds the add/drop capacity of the single subrack, you can use the IU slot to house SDH boards (for example, SD1, SQ1, SD4, SL4, SDE, SQE, and SPQ4) to concatenate the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) or adopt extended subrack to enlarge the access capacity. The IUP slot houses PQ1, PD1, PM1, PQM, PL3, SQE, DX1 or SPQ4 to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical interface boards. The IU1/P slot house PQ1, PD1, PM1, DX1 or PQM to implement 1:N protection scheme of the electrical board. Single OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack can offer access for 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service. Single extended subrack can access 504 x E1/T1 service or 24 x E3/T3 service at most. The cross-connect slot houses the XCS or XCL board to provide cross-connect and timing functions. Backup XCS is optional, and is used as hot backup for key circuit boards.

4. Protection Configuration The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports 1+1 protection for the cross-connection and timing unit and 1:N protection for the electrical interface boards. The cross-connection and timing unit is located in XCS/XCL board. Normally one of them is enough, but for key nodes such as hub node, two XCS/XCL boards should be adopted to implement 1+1 hot standby. For important services, the electrical interface boards are protected to improve the survivability.

(1) When only the PDH interface boards (for example, E1/T1/E3/T3) are protected, the configuration is as follows:
Insert an appropriate PDH interface board into IUP slot as protection board. The protected interface boards are inserted into slots IU14 and IU912 to implement a maximum 1:8 protection scheme. Assign the FB1 board in the FB1/LPTR slot at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the switching and access boards (for example, E75S, E12S, and C34S) in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. The protection scheme of various boards is shown in Table 3-4.

(2) When the protection is only available for STM-1 electrical interface board such as SQE, the board slot assignment is as follows:
Insert the appropriate STM-1 electrical interface board into the IUP slot as protection board.

3-9

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The protected interface boards are inserted in slots IU14 or IU911 to implement 1:7 protection scheme. Assign the LPDR board in the FB1/LPTR slot at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the LPSW board in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. The protection scheme of various boards is shown in Table 3-4.

(3) When the above two protection schemes exist at the same time, the board slot assignment is as follows:
Insert the appropriate interface boards in the IUP slot to protect the STM-1 electrical interface boards. The protected STM-1 electrical interface board is inserted in slots IU14 or IU911 to implement 1:N protection scheme. Assign the LPDR board in the FB1/LPTR slot at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the LPSW board in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. Insert appropriate interface board into IU1/P slot to protect the PDH electrical interface board (E1/T1). The protected PDH interface boards are inserted in slots IU14 and IU911 to implement a maximum 1:M (M + N [ 6) protection scheme. Assign the FB2 board at the back of the subrack. Meanwhile, assign the transfer board with switching function (for example, E75S and E12S) in the LTU slot corresponding to the protected interface boards. The protection scheme of various boards is shown in Table 3-4.

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Configuration and Networking


Table 3-4 Protection scheme of various electrical interface boards

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Protected board Protection board


SQE PD1 PQ1 PM1 PQM PL3 DX1 E4 SPQ4 STM-1 E3 T3

PL3 SQE

SPQ4 T3 DX1 E4 STM-1

PD1

PQ1

PM1

PQM

E3

Note: The grid with tick () indicates that the board in the row can protect the board in the column. The blank grid indicates that the board in the row cannot protect the board the columns.

5. Configuration of Optical Amplification Board When the transmission distance of a single optical board is limited by the transmitting optical power or receiver sensitivity, it is necessary to use optical amplification board to amplify the optical power or to pre-amplify the receiving optical power. The optical amplification board includes the BA2 board (single-channel or two-channel configurable amplifier), the BPA board (optical booster and pre-amplification integrated board), and the COA board (external optical amplifier). They work with the S16 or SL4 board to realize long-haul transmission. The one-channel optical amplification in the BA2 board works with one S16 board to realize V-16.2 interface. One-channel optical amplification in the BA2 board works with one SL4 board with Ve-4.2 interface to achieve up to 170 km transmission distance. One BPA board works with one S16 board to realize U-16.2 interface. Two COA boards work with one S16 board to realize U-16.2 interface. Each BA2 or BPA board occupies 2 IU slots, and the COA does not use the slot of the subrack.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

3.2 Networking
With its powerful cross-connect capacity, rich and flexible interface functions, and sophisticated and advanced software functions, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) boasts very strong adaptability to complex networks is based on. Since the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) incorporates PDH interface unit, DDN interface unit, ATM interface unit, and Ethernet transparent transmission interface unit, it can achieve effective access and transmission of the PDH, ATM and Ethernet services according to their features.

3.2.1 Basic Networking Modes of PDH Service


For PDH service, chain and ring networks are the two basic networking architectures, on the basis of which, a variety of complicated network architectures can be established in the actual applications. 1. Chain Network Based Hub Network Figure 3-6 is a hub network converging several chain networks at one point. For the convergence point in Figure 3-6, one unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) may form up to six STM-16 chain networks, or 20 STM-4 chain networks, or 40 STM-1 chain networks, or a hub network combining multiple chain networks at the STM-16, STM-4, or STM-1 level. The services between the chain networks can be dispatched as required.

TM

ADM

MADM

Figure 3-6 Chain network based hub network

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Configuration and Networking 2. Ring Network

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) enables a variety of ring networks at the rate of STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 in numerous flexible networking modes. These networking modes include the common ring network, two tangent rings, two intersecting rings, ring and chain hybrid network, dual-ring interconnection network, and hub network with ring and chain networks. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) achieves tangent rings in two modes: the first one is the traditional way where the rings intercommunicate through a tributary bridge connection between two or more ADMs, as shown in Figure 3-7. In this working mode, the tangent rings can work at any rate and in any protection scheme. The possible combinations are shown in Table 3-5. The second one is the hub mode where the tangent point is an OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) under the multi-system mode, as shown in Figure 3-8. In this working mode, the tangent rings can work at any rate and in any protection scheme. The possible combinations are shown in Table 3-6. The traffic on the ring can be protected, and the inter-ring traffic can also intercommunicate directly through the cross-connect matrix inside the equipment. This mode not only utilizes no tributary resources, boosts inter-ring communication, streamlines the equipment connection, also enhances the reliability of the equipment significantly.

ADM

Figure 3-7 Tangent rings network (bridge mode)

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

ADM

MADM

Figure 3-8 Tangent rings network (hub mode)

Table 3-5 Combination of protected schemes of all tangent rings under tributary bridge connection

Ring 2
STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP

Ring 1

STM-1 SNCP/MSP

STM-4 SNCP/MSP

STM-16 SNCP/MSP

STM-16 SNCP/MSP

Table 3-6 Combination of protected schemes of all tangent rings under the hub mode

Ring 2
STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP

Ring 1

STM-1 SNCP/MSP

STM-4 SNCP/MSP

STM-16 SNCP/MSP

STM-16 SNCP/MSP

Figure 3-9 shows the structure of two intersecting rings, which can be taken as tangent rings with two tangent points, similar to the tangency structure as shown in Figure 3-11. The possible combination of working modes of Ring 1 and Ring 2 is the same as that in Table 3-6. As there are two intersecting points between Ring 1 and Ring 2 (Dual hub mode), the inter-network traffic is protected. The OptiX 2500+ (Metro3000) employs the subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) technology to activate this protection.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

ADM

MADM

Figure 3-9 Intersecting rings network

3. Hybrid Network of Ring and Chain Figure 3-10 is a network structure that combines ring and chain networks. The ring can adopt SNCP, MSP, or other protection scheme. The possible protection schemes of hybrid configuration of ring and chain are listed in Table 3-7.

MADM

ADM

TM

Figure 3-10 Integrated networking of an ordinary ring network and a chain network

Table 3-7 Protection combinations for hybrid networking comprising ring network and chain network

Chain
STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP STM-16 SNCP/MSP

Ring

STM-1 SNCP/MSP

STM-4 SNCP/MSP

STM-16 SNCP/MSP

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Figure 3-11 shows a DNI network, in which the traffic goes between rings through a chain network, and the rates on the ring and the chain can be the same (for example, both at STM-16, STM-1 or STM-4) or can be different (for example, Ring 1 at STM-16 and Ring 2 at STM-4). The combinations of working modes of Ring 1 and Ring 2 are as shown in Table 3-8.

ADM

MADM

Figure 3-11 Dual ring intercommunication network (DNI mode)

Table 3-8 Table of combination of working modes of each ring in dual-ring intercommunication network

Ring 2

Ring 1

STM-1 SNCP/MSP

STM-4 SNCP/MSP

STM-16 SNCP/MSP

STM-1 SNCP/MSP STM-4 SNCP/MSP STM-16 SNCP/MSP

Figure 3-12 shows a rather complex Hub network architecture that combines ring and chain networks. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) works in the mode of multiple ADMs to effect the application of the Hub points.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

MADM

ADM

TM

Figure 3-12 Hub network combining ring network and chain network

3.2.2 ATM Service


1. Characteristics Convergence of the ATM service access bandwidth The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can achieve the access & transmission of the ATM services such as CBR, rt-VBR, nrt-VBR and UBR in four effective ways. For the CBR service (voice, constant bit video, and circuit emulation services), it is required to guarantee the time delay and the bandwidth of transmission. The ATM interface unit reserves and gives priority to the allocation of the related resources to ensure reliable transmission of the CBR service. The rt-VBR service (variable bit rate audio and video frequency services), nrt-VBR service (data transmission), UBR service (LAN emulation and file transmission) are characterized by the dynamic changes in transmission bandwidth. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt statistic multiplexing through the ATM Interface Unit to converge the bandwidth of its received services, thus enabling the transmission bandwidth less than the access bandwidth in respect of the service. In this way, the utilization ratio of the transmission bandwidth is improved. However, this will easily lead to service congestion. In order to reduce the impact of congestion on the services (rt-VBR, nrt-VBR and UBR services) to its minimum, it is necessary to transmit the services on priority basis. As the broadband transmission adopts the statistical multiplexing mode, service congestion will inevitably occur. In practical applications, it is necessary to choose different convergence ratios in view of the practical conditions. If the services of the important clients do not allow any congestion, it is necessary to configure it as CBR service or the convergence ratio should be reduced, so that the probability of congestion is minimized. But in this mode the transmission efficiency will be the lowest, that is, transmission cost is the highest. While raising the convergence ratio, the cost, which is equally distributed to the

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

users, will be very low. As a result, in practical applications, except for special clients such as banks, they will choose a fixed convergence ratio to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency. As shown in Figure 3-13, when 8 x STM-1 ATM services are routed to the ATM Interface Unit, the ATM Interface Unit will converge and process them. The converged ATM services of the STM-1 are cross-connected to a certain VC-4 virtual container, while other unused VC-4 virtual containers can still bear the other services (PDH or Ethernet service).

8 x STM-1 ATM service access ATM interface unit

1 x STM-1 STM service to DH Cross-connect Matrix Unit

Figure 3-13 Convergence modes of data services

Sharing of bandwidth for the ATM service network transmission For the ATM services, the traditional transmission equipment provides the function of transmission bearer, such as the ATM STM-1 service, to use transmission equipment directly to provide transparent point-to-point transmission. For STM-4 or ATM services of higher rates, it enables transparent point-to-point transmission on the transmission equipment through concatenation mode. But for transparent transmission mode in practical applications, as each station inside the entire network needs to use respective transmission bandwidth independently, the limited transmission bandwidth will be used up quickly, and so it cannot support the applications in large-scale networking. As a result, it is necessary to make use of the VP-Ring characteristic of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) to exercise a statistic multiplexing of bandwidth on the ATM services transmitted on the ring in view of the great dynamic changes in the actual flow of data services. In this way the utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth is improved, and the entire transmission network is optimized. In addition, the ATM service transmission mode of shared bandwidth may also reduce the probability of service congestion in the entire network. For example, the ATM service of a company and the ATM service of a residential area can share the STM-1 transmission bandwidth. As the peak traffic volume of these two client groups may occur in either the daytime or at night respectively, resulting in no conflict in bandwidth utilization. This configuration mode of bandwidth sharing not only improves the utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth but also reduces to a minimum the service losses that arise from congestion.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

MSTP

ATM Switch

DSLAM

Figure 3-14 Sharing of the transmission bandwidth of the ATM service

As shown in Figure 3-14, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) receives the ATM services of the STM-1 transmitted by the DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) in each station. As the traffic volume of the ATM services changes dynamically, the ATM services in each station share one STM-1 bandwidth in the STM-4 transmission ring network through the function of the network bandwidth sharing featured by the VP-Ring technology. As for traditional SDH equipment, only the transparent point-to-point transmission of the ATM services is available, it is necessary to allocate an STM-1 bandwidth (regardless of the actual traffic volume) to each station. In this mode, the utilization ratio of transmission bandwidth is rather low. The function of bandwidth sharing in the entire transmission for the ATM services is effected mainly by making use of the ATM service convergence function provided by the ATM processing board (AL1 board).
STM-1 STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

ATM Proess unit DSLAM

SDH Cross Connect Unit SDH Inteface Unit

ATM Cell

Figure 3-15 Ways to achieve service convergence function of the AL1 board

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

As shown in Figure 3-15, within the network, the ATM service transmitted through the STM-1 bandwidth shared on the ring is groomed to the AL1 board through the SDH Cross Matrix Unit. After the processing by the ATM layer on the AL1 board, it converges the local ATM cells and the ATM cells on the ring transmitted from the SDH cross processing unit. The converged ATM cells are mapped onto a shared VC-4 container, where the SDH Cross Matrix Unit will uniformly groom them to the shared STM-1 bandwidth to be transmitted to the next station. Through the processing of ATM services by the AL1 board in each station, the STM-1 bandwidth will be shared for the ATM services in each station. It should be noted that whether one AL1 board can share the bandwidth with other AL1 boards depends on whether the processed ATM cells are mapped onto the same VC-4 virtual container (not the same station). 2. ATM Service Transmission Based Networking For the ATM services, the transmission mode of sharing the network bandwidth is subject to the limitation by the processing capability of the ATM layer and the cost. As a result, the basic networking mode for the ATM service transmission is mainly ring network or chain network.

STM-4

MSTP ATM Cell

Figure 3-16 ATM service ring network bandwidth sharing transmission mode

Figure 3-16 shows an SDH ring network at the rate of STM-4. The bandwidth on the ring is divided into 4 x STM-1. Each station effects the sharing of the entire transmission bandwidth through the ATM processing board. Station A uses a bandwidth of 2 x STM-1, and shares a bandwidth of one STM-1 with Station B. As

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

the ATM service is transmitted in a mode of shared bandwidth, the remaining bandwidth of two STM-1 can be used to transmit other services. A complex network needs to share bandwidth of all networks respectively in a ring mode that achieve the purpose on a span sharing basis. For example, in a network where there exists Ring Network 1, Ring Network 2 and a chain network as shown in the Figure 3-17, need to use different STM-1 as the shared bandwidth, so as to effect the sharing of bandwidth within their respective networks.

Ring 1

Ring 2

Line 1

MSTP

Figure 3-17 Sharing of bandwidth in a complex network

3.2.3 Ethernet Service Basic Networking Modes


1. Characteristics of 10/100 M Ethernet Service Mapping mode of the 10/100 M Ethernet service VC-Trunk With the development of data service, the requirement of the Ethernet interconnection application within the enterprises is increasing. Previously, the remote intranet interconnection was implemented through the mode of leasing N x 64 kbit/s or 2 Mbit/s dedicated lines. This mode features high cost and inflexible bandwidth allocation. The data equipment used 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface, and the transmission mode of 2 Mbit/s leased line was used. In this case, a router is required to transform the Ethernet interface into the 2 Mbit/s interfaces for transmission, which leads to high costs and bandwidth limitation. In addition, the increasing applications of Ethernet access in the MAN pose new requirements for the transmission of the Ethernet service on the transmission network. It requires service priority division and manageability of the MAN. According to the RFC 1990 protocol, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) uses the ransparent Ethernet transmission interface unit to map 14/8 10/100Base-T or 100Base-FX

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Ethernet services (in the mode of VC-trunk) into the 148 2 Mbit/s services to implement the Ethernet service transmission. When the VC-Trunk mapping mode is used, the number of the Ethernet interfaces mapped into the 2Mbit/s interface can be set at will, as long as the total number not exceeding 48 x 2Mbit/s interfaces. This allows the transmission bandwidth of the Ethernet service to be flexibly allocated according to the specific requirements. Furthermore, since the Ethernet service is mapped into multiple 2Mbit/s interfaces, the mode of the PDH service transmission is adopted (that is, point-to-point non-transparent mode without bandwidth sharing). Various protection schemes for the PDH service in the SDH system also exist for the Ethernet service. Unlike the ATM service processing mode, the Ethernet service transmission mode of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be described as different interfaces of the same Transparent Ethernet Transmission Interface Unit share the bandwidth, while different sites in the entire transmission network do not. VLAN-based flow control The characteristic of the Ethernet service is greater bandwidth change. To improve the transmission bandwidth efficiency and to reduce the transmission cost, Ethernet service convergence is needed for both data equipment and transmission equipment, making the service uplink transmission bandwidth be less than the service access bandwidth. Since the service convergence mode is used for transmission, service congestion will certainly occur. Therefore, the received Ethernet services should be classified according to their priorities. For important subscribers (such as banks and Intranet), the services should be set as the highest priority (of course, this will be a costly proposition) and the bandwidth will be configured for them in priority. But for ordinary users (such as the intelligent residential area), their services will be set at lower priority (of course, in this case, the cost will be less) but the transmission bandwidth cannot be guaranteed. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) uses the transparent Ethernet transmission interface unit to allocate different subscribers to different VLAN groups with different bandwidths and priorities so as to implement the manageability of the Ethernet service. As shown in Figure 3-18, since the services of multiple subscribers are converged to the same 100Base-T interface for access and transmission, the different services of different users cannot be differentiated with respect to the physical interface. Therefore, when service congestion occurs, since the Ethernet service lacks a perfect priority guarantee, this may results in a certain subscriber occupying the bandwidth resources for a longer time, and other subscribers being unable to use the same.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

L2 Switch

Router

Figure 3-18 Problem concerning transparent Ethernet transmission

As shown in Figure 3-19, if the VLAN-based flow control function is used, the bandwidth for each subscriber can be pre-allocated according to the priority (the charges are based upon the bandwidth allocating priority). When service congestion occurs, the out-of-order competition for the bandwidth resources among the users can be avoided.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

VLAN =1

VLAN=2

VLAN=3

L2 Switch

Router

Figure 3-19 VLAN-based flow control

VLAN-based subscriber management and service security guarantee As a virtual LAN technology, the VLAN adds a Tag Header to the source address of the standard Ethernet frame and allocates different VLAN tags to different subscribers at associated bytes to implement the service isolation between different subscriber groups and the broadcast storm suppression. Since the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) serves as the transmission equipment of the convergence layer, the different Ethernet services upstream transmitted by the access layer equipment generally adopts the VLAN technology to converge to one or more interfaces for transmission. For example, maybe there are multiple corporations in an office building, they are allocated with different VLAN tags. After the convergence of their different services through the Ethernet switch, a 100Base-T interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) will be used for the transmission. The corporations share the same transmission interface, but due to the application of the VLAN tags, their services are isolated to guarantee the required security.

3-24

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

24

M x 2

24

x 2 M

/1 0

0B

AS ETX

10

24

2M

MSTP

Server for company A

Server for company B

Figure 3-20 Ethernet service transmission mode in the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)

As shown in Figure 3-20, the servers at sites 1 and 3 of Company A need to use the 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface for the access to the LAN based on the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems to exchange the data with the server at the headquarters of Site 2. Sites 1 and 3 are respectively configured with a bandwidth of 24 x 2 Mbit/s to Site 2. In this case, an ET1 board is needed to be configured at these three sites respectively. Since the interface and residual bandwidth of the transparent Ethernet Unit of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) can be continuously used by other corporations, the server of Company B at Site 1 can also use the VLAN technology and use the same 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface for the access to the MAN based on the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) systems. The connection with the dedicated line of the headquarters of Company B at Site 4 is achieved. The specific bandwidth can be flexibly configured. 2. Characteristics of Gigabit Ethernet Service LAPS encapsulation In the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) scenario, the Gigabit Ethernet service will be encapsulated based on the LAPS protocol. The ITU-T X.86 describes that LAPS, similar to the HDLC (high-level data link controller), is a frame-forming structure used to encapsulate the IEEE 802.3-compliant Ethernet MAC frames. LAPS provides a rate adapting capability that enables a mechanism transform in the Ethernet MII rate

3-25

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

and the SDH VC rate to erase the conflict between cyclical transmission of the SDH frame and the burst mode of the MAC frame. As a standard encapsulation protocol, LAPS also enables the interconnection of equipments of different vendors that adopts this encapsulation protocol. SDH side flow control The MAC frame of the Gigabit Ethernet service is transmitted at the Gigabit level. If the flow control mechanism is not effective, or the transmission line encounters transient cache congestion, the possibility of cache overflow is high, resulting in high frame loss ratio. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) incorporates flow control mechanism on both the Ethernet side and the SDH side. When the Ethernet service flow volume from the sink SDH side is larger than the flow volume the sink Ethernet side can receive, the sink will stuff in flow control frame in the traffic to the source to report the congestion to the sink side. The source will stop temporarily the transmission after it receives the flow control frame, thus eliminating the congestion in the Ethernet service transmission. 3. Networking of 10/100 M Ethernet Service Transmission For the Ethernet services, since the transmission mode of mapping into the 2 Mbit/s interfaces is used, the networking mode of the Ethernet service transmission is the same as that of the PDH service transmission. Therefore, the appropriate transmission network can be constructed according to the PDH service transmission networking mode. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), as the transmission equipment of the convergence layer, converges the Ethernet services transmitted by the data equipment of the access layer, and transmits them to the access layer or the backbone layer equipment at various sites. Since the data equipment of the access layer may use different Ethernet service access modes, based upon the characteristics of the Ethernet service over the access layer, the transmission equipment of the convergence layer should adopt different transmission modes to improve the Ethernet service transmission efficiency. Point-to-point Ethernet service transmission

3-26

Configuration and Networking


LAN 15 LAN 16 LAN 17 LAN 18

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

LAN 11

LAN 12

LAN 13

LAN 14

1#
1 2M 0x

10

x2

2#
28 x 2M

4#

LAN 1

LAN 8

LAN 2

3#

LAN 7

LAN 3

LAN 4

LAN 5

LAN 6

L2 Switch

MSTP

Figure 3-21 Point-to-point Ethernet service transmission

As shown in Figure 3-21, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) at sites 2, 3 and 4 receive respectively the Ethernet service transmitted by its own Ethernet switch, and converge the services to the corresponding Ethernet switch at the central site 1. In this way, the point-to-point transparent transmission between various LANs is achieved. Each site is configured with an Ethernet transparent transmission processing board (ET1), each LAN service is allocated with independent Ethernet access interface and each interface is configured with independent VC-Trunk (since different services are transmitted through different VC-Trunks, the VLAN tags of different LANs can be the same) to guarantee the independent bandwidth of each LAN. The relationship between the Ethernet services accessed by different sites is: LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13, LAN 4 <=> LAN 14,

3-27

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

LAN 5 <=> LAN 15, LAN 6 <=> LAN 16, LAN 7 <=> LAN 17 and LAN 8 <=> LAN 18. For Site 1, it is only configured with one Ethernet transparent transmission processing board, the maximum processing capability is 48 x 2 Mbit/s. So the total bandwidth of the eight point-to-point transparent transmission paths should not exceed 48 x 2 Mbit/s. Point-to-multi-point Ethernet service transmission With the VALN technology and the VLAN tags, multiple users can access the Ethernet interface of a site, and based upon the VLAN tags carried by the Ethernet data frames, the Ethernet services of different users can be sent to different sites, that is, the transmission of the point-to-multi-point Ethernet service.

3-28

Configuration and Networking


LAN 11 LAN 12 LAN 13 LAN 14 LAN 15

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1#
10 M x2

10 x

2M

2#
28 x 2M

4#

LAN 1

LAN 5

3#

LAN 2

LAN 3

LAN 4

L2 Switch

MSTP

Figure 3-22 Point-to-multi-point Ethernet service transmission

As shown in Figure 3-22, Site 1 access the Ethernet service upstream transmitted by the LAN switch through an Ethernet interface of an Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit. This LAN switch divides the connected LAN into five Virtual LANs (both the LAN switch interface and the corresponding interface of the Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit should be set as the TAG interfaces so as to transparently transmit the VLAN tags). The Ethernet services of different VLANs are differentiated according to different VLAN tags. Based upon the

3-29

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

TAG information, Site 3 sends the data sent by the LAN switch to Sites 2, 3 and 4 through different VC-Trunk paths. Site 3 also access the Ethernet services upstream, transmitted by the LAN switch through an Ethernet interface of an Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit. This LAN switch divides the connected LAN into three virtual LANs. The Ethernet services of different VLANs are differentiated according to the different VLAN tags. The relationship between the Ethernet services accessed by different sites is: LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13, LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 and LAN 5 <=> LAN 15. The configuration mode of the transmission bandwidth is: The services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11 and LAN 5 <=> LAN 15 are respectively allocated with a VC-Trunk, and the services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 share the same VC-Trunk. In this application, the service between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11 and LAN 5 <=> LAN 15 is allocated with independent VC-Trunk, so it can guarantee the VLAN-based transmission bandwidth. But since the services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 share the same VC-Trunk, that is, they share the same transmission bandwidth, the bandwidth resources are allocated through fair competition.

3-30

Configuration and Networking


LAN 11 LAN 12 LAN 13 LAN 14

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1#
10 M x2

10

x2

2#
28 x 2M

4#

LAN 1

LAN 4

3#

LAN 2
L2 Switch MSTP

LAN 3

Figure 3-23 The transmission mode of multiple Ethernet interfaces sharing the same VC-Trunk

As shown in Figure 3-23 the Ethernet service of each site is accessed through the independent interface of the Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit. The relationship between the Ethernet services accessed by different sites is: LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12, LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14. The configuration mode of the transmission bandwidth is as follows. The services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11 and LAN 4 <=> LAN 14 are allocated respectively with a VC-Trunk. The services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 share the same VC-Trunk, that is, the user services from multiple Ethernet interfaces share the same VC-Trunk path. In the shared VC-Trunk path, different services carry different VLAN tags, or the Ethernet transparent transmission processing unit at the receiving end cannot differentiate different services. Furthermore, among multiple Ethernet interfaces sharing the same VC-Trunk path, the transmission bandwidth of the corresponding Ethernet interface is allocated through fair competition.

3-31

Configuration and Networking


LAN 11 LAN 12 LAN 13

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

-1 2 VC

1 nk ru

1#

2#

4#

LAN 1

VC -1 2T

ru nk 2

VC

T -12

k3 run

LAN 3

3#

LAN 2
L2 Switch MSTP

LSic 2wth

Figure 3-24 The transmission mode of multiple sites sharing the same VC-Trunk

As shown in Figure 3-24, the services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 are interconnected through the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). The services between LAN 1 <=> LAN 11, LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 share the transmission bandwidth of VC-Trunk 1 between Sites 1 and 2, and the services between LAN 2 <=> LAN 12 and LAN 3 <=> LAN 13 share the transmission bandwidth of VC-Trunk 2 between Sites 2 and 3. In this networking application, different Ethernet services use the transmission modes of sharing VC-Trunk path. This transmission mode can improve the utilization of the VC-Trunk path. Since the path-sharing mode is adopted, different VLAN tags should be carried by different Ethernet service flows transmitted in the VC-Trunk paths so that the Ethernet transparent transmission processing boards of different sites can correctly differentiate and groom the Ethernet services according to the VLAN tags.

3-32

Configuration and Networking 4. MPLS in Metro Optical Ethernet Network

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts the CCC and Martini modes to construct the MPLS L2 VPN and provides EPL/EVPL service. As shown in Figure 3-25, the system will check the Port + Vlan ID table and add the external label (Tunnel) and internal label (VC) it gets to the accessed Ethernet frames. Data transfer in the network is based on the external label, which will be discarded at the provider routers (P) equipment at the last hop. Then, the data will be transmitted to the corresponding provider edges (PE) equipment, which transfers the data to corresponding port according to the internal label. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) integrates the function of P equipment and PE equipment.
20 20 Company A PE1 Port A Port B Tunnel label switching Company B Tunnel label switching Tunnel label stripped 10 20 Data Data P 50 50 10 20 Data Data P 10 20 Data Data PE2 Company A Port A Port B Frame transferred by PE2 according to Company B the VC label

L2 MPLS network composed of OptiX 2500+


Company A B ... Tunnel Label 20 20 ... VC Label 10 20 ... Data ... ... ...

Figure 3-25 Application of EPL/EVPL service

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) adopts the Martini mode to provide the EPLAN/ EVPLAN and implement the multipoint-to-multipoint connection of user sites . From the angle of user, the EPLAN/EVPLAN network is a big Vlan where the user service can be converged. As shown in Figure 3-26, when the users Ethernet frame (with the source address being MAC H, and the destination address being MAC A, B or C) enters the PE equipment, the system will check the Layer 2 transfer table and attach the internal label (VC Label) it gets to the frame. Then, the frame is transferred to corresponding tunnel, where it is attached with the external label (tunnel label), and different label switch paths (LSPs) are set up according to different addresses. The Ethernet frame is detached from the tunnel label when leaving the P equipment, and then transferred to corresponding PE equipment, where the VC Label is detached. After that, the Ethernet frame is transferred to corresponding output port according to the Layer 2 transfer table.

3-33

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

MPLS Core

PE Address = MAC C

P Address = MAC A PE Branch A LSP3

Branch C Address = MAC B PE Branch B

LSP1 PE

LSP2

Transferred to corresponding port via the Layer 2 route table

Source MAC H MAC H MAC H

Sink MAC A MAC B MAC C

Tunnel Label 1 2 3

VC Label 10 10 10

LSP LSP1 LSP2 LSP3

Address = MAC H

Headquarters

Figure 3-26 Application of EPLAN/ EVPLAN

5. Networking of Gigabit Ethernet Service Transparent Transmission Figure 3-27 shows the basic networking of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) in the scenario of Ethernet service transmission. The 10/100 M Ethernet service at different LAN nodes are converged as Gigabit Ethernet service through the Layer 3 switches, and the Gigabit Ethernet service is further transmitted to the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces of the EGT board of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). The Gigabit service accessed will be further transparently transmitted to the routers on the MAN, which are connected to two nodes on the WAN on dual homing basis. It provides a solution to the extension of the Gigabit Ethernet service to the WAN.

3-34

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

WAN

1#

2#

4#

3#

L3 Switch

L2 Switch

Router

MSTP

Figure 3-27 Networking of Gigabit Ethernet service transmission

3-35

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

3.2.4 Basic Networking Mode for DDN Service Transmission


Though contributing greatly to the dedicated service development, DDN still encounters tremendous difficulties in its ever lasting development. On the one hand, we have to invest heavily in outdated DDN backbone equipment to meet service demands and to maintain original DDN network; on the other hand, the upgraded DDN network is very undesirable in term of cost-effectiveness owing to its inability to offer above-E1 broadband dedicated services. See Figure 3-28. Therefore, the construction of DDN network should be made with consideration of the future network development orientation and economic benefits. Based on the currently available resources, the DDN network should develop at modest speed, in line with service demands, and with networking reconstruction and optimization as emphasis.
DDN user

DDN
DDN multiplexer Update and expansion need to have more investment in the outdated DDN backbone equipment. The priceperformance ratio is not optimized.

Figure 3-28 DDN network development

Compared with DDN, the SDH network is developing rapidly with wider coverage area and longer transmission range. Besides the traditional PDH service, it also supports Ethernet service, ATM service transparent transmission and layer 2 switching. Additionally, the DDN service access and grooming is also available in optical transmission network. Optical transmission network is more a multi-protocol and multi-service based comprehensive service transmission network than a basic complementary network. The optical network transmission equipment also is developing into multi-service transmission platform (MSTP). Figure 3-29 shows the SDH network as basic complementary network. Figure 3-30 shows the development of SDH network into MSTP.

3-36

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Ethernet user

Ethernet switch DDN

DDN user

Router

E1

DDN multiplexer Ethernet user

SDH

R
S
Router

Ethernet

DDN Node machine

Figure 3-29 Service access of traditional SDH network development

DDN DDN user multiplexer DDN user E1 Ethernet user FE/GE

Nx64kbit/s Ethernet switch

Ethernet user

SDH (MSTP)

FE/GE

STM-1

ATM equipment

DDN

Figure 3-30 The development of SDH network into MSTP

3-37

Configuration and Networking 1. SDH (MSTP) Network Incorporating DDN Service

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The DDN-incorporated SDH network provides good chance for the dedicated service development. SDH network becomes capable of accessing and grooming DDN service as long as the SDH equipment is configured with the associated modules. The accessed DDN service, after being cross-connected, is transmitted in the network in SDH frame. The DDN service featured by SDH network is not used to replace the current DDN network which has been very perfect and stable; instead, it serves as a complement for it. See Figure 3-31.
Node machine DDN Convergence layer (MSTP)

E1

DDN user DDN scheduling

Access layer (MSTP)

DDN access

N x 6kbit/s Frame E1 SHDSL

DDN user

Figure 3-31 DDN service featured by SDH (MSTP) network

To expand DDN through SDH not only save the investment which may otherwise be made in backward DDN backbone equipment, also meet the increasing demands in DDN services. Furthermore, the SDH (MSTP), with its capability in providing dedicated broadband service at N x 64 kbit/s, E1 and above E1, enables the independent operation of optical transmission network. 2. Implementation DDN is expandable through MSTP while maintaining its original network. To incorporate DDN network into optical transmission network, following optical transmission equipments should be configured with DDN modules: NE accessing the DDN service NE grooming the DDN service Figure 3-32 shows a service access layer using OptiX 155/622H. The equipment for

3-38

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

accessing DDN service is configured with DDN modules to, enable DDN dedicated service. The services to be accessed include N x 64 kbit/s, Frame E1 and SHDSL. SHDSL can be used to transmit E1 and N x 64 kbit/s signals for a transmission distance of 3000 m. If no DDN service is to be accessed, there is no need to configure the OptiX 155/622H with DDN module for saving investment. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) service convergence layer, when configured with DDN module, is very powerful in DDN service convergence and traffic consolidation. The grooming capability of a module is equivalent to a medium-sized node. Besides, the DDN module is also equipped with numerous external ports for access of N x 64 kbit/s, Frame E1 and SHDSL service. The equipment can also be configured with multiple DDN modules to meet the increasing customer demands. The convergence layer and access layer are not only abundant in bandwidth, also capable of transmitting voice and other services (DDN dedicated service is just a portion of overall services).
Connect to original node machine

Scheduling and access

User

DDN

Convergence Layer

Frame E1 SHDSL

Node machine

DDN multiplexer

NX64kbit/s
Scheduling User

OptiX 2500+ DDN module of OptiX 2500+ configuration OptiX 155/622H DDN module of OptiX 155/622H configuration

Access Layer

Frame E1 SHDSL Access

NX64kbit/s
DDN multiplexer

Figure 3-32 Huawei DDN network solution

Two routes available for point-to-point service subscribers: The two ends of the services are located in the MSTP network (refer to the services represented with red and green line in Figure 3-32 ); One end of the service is the original DDN network (refer to the service represented with blue broken line in Figure 3-32).

3-39

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

For the first service, DDN module is used for service access and dispatching. For the second service, when the DDN service is very small, we still can use DDN backbone node for grooming in the mode of gateway. With the increase of DDN service, we can configure optical transmission equipment with DDN module to divert, converge and guide a portion of DDN service, so as to alleviate the pressure suffered by the repeater port at DDN backbone node.

3.2.5 Self-Healing Protection


One of the major advantages of the synchronous digital networks is that they can use combinations of different network structures, and the entire transmission network will have the capacity to cope with network failures for a higher network running reliability. The SDH networks mainly rely on two different mechanisms of protection and restoration to ensure that services can be maintained in case of failure. Protection usually refers to a rather fast conversion process, and the execution process is automatically determined by the switching switch components. After the protection is activated, some pre-specified capacity between various transmission nodes is occupied. So, after conversion, paths have pre-determined routes. The self-healing protection specified in the ITU-T recommendations and supported by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are as follows: 1+1, 1:N line protection Self-healing ring protection (two-fiber unidirectional/bidirectional path protection ring, two-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring, two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section dedicated protection ring, four-fiber bidirectional multiplex section shared protection ring) Shared ring DNI mode intercommunication protection Subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) VP Ring protection Subnet connection multiple protection (SNCMP) 1. Line Protection Switching The working principle of the SDH line protection is as follows: in the case of transmission interrupted or degradation to a certain degree, the switching equipment of the system will automatically switch the traffic to the standby system. Line protection switching primarily serves to protect the transmission media, regenerators and the line terminal interfaces (for example optical/electrical and electrical/optical conversion parts) of the TM and the ADM. Yet it is unable to offer protection against the TM or ADM node failures. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports two protection schemes: 1+1 and 1:N (1N14). The switching completion time is less than 50ms, which is as per the requirement of ITU-T recommendations.

(1) 1+1 line protection

3-40

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A standby system is provided for each working system in a 1+1 SDH line protection system. The two systems are in the active/standby mode for each other, in the non-restorative mode. The sending ends of the active and standby systems are connected in parallel, and it makes no difference whether the signals are received by the active or standby system. It depends on the signal quality. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports both the single-end switching mode and the dual-end switching mode. In case of single-end switching, 1+1 line protection does not require the participation of the automatic protection switching protocol (APS). Instead, automatic switching will take place according to the signal quality, or it will take place with external commands to force the switching or locking. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports multiple 1+1 line protections at the interface side of various rate levels simultaneously.

(2) 1:N line protection


In the 1:N protection scheme, there are N systems that share one protection system. When the systems run normally, the protection system can be used to send extra services. When one of the working systems fails, its services are transmitted to the protection system, and the original extra services on the protection system will be discarded. As the 1:N system allows one protection system to protect multiple working systems, and the protection system can also send extra services, its efficiency is higher than the 1+1 protection scheme. When the 1: N line protection works in the dual-end switching mode, the APS protocol must be used. Besides, the 1:N line protection uses the restoration mode. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports multiple 1:N line protection scheme at the interface side of various rate levels simultaneously. 2. Ring Network Protection Ring networks are also known as self-healing rings. There are two types of ring networks: PP ring and MSP ring. The main difference between them is the criterion for protection switching. The path protection ring decides whether to switch or not, based on the quality of the payload signals on the monitored low order path. The MS ring decides whether to switch or not, by checking the quality of the signals on the line (multiplex section overhead) between network nodes. Therefore, path switching is done for individual path, whereas the multiplex section switching is done for the entire multiplex section.

(1) Two-fiber unidirectional path protection rings


Two-fiber unidirectional path protection rings use the 1+1 protection scheme and the structure of "initial end bridged, while the terminal end switching". One fiber works as service fiber, called fiber S and the other fiber works as protection fiber, called fiber P. The same service signals are sent on the two fibers, but in opposite directions. At the receiving end, either the active or the standby fiber is chosen to receive the service signals according to the signal quality. As shown in Figure 3-33 (a), at Node A, the tributary signals (AC) that enter the ring with Node C as the destination are simultaneously fed into the fibers S1 and P1 in the sending direction. Traffic is sent to Node C over the S1 optical fiber clockwise as working signal and over the P1 optical fiber counter-clockwise as protection signal. Node C receives tributary signals of two directions simultaneously and chooses one

3-41

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

to be dropped on a quality basis. Normally, the signal sent on the S1 fiber is taken as the active signal. Meanwhile, tributary signals (CA) inserted at C into the ring that go towards Node A as destination are sent off in the same way. The CA signals carried on fiber S1 (signal transmitted in the same direction as the AC signals) are branched as active signals at Node A. In the case of a fiber cut between Node B and Node C, as shown in Figure 3-33 (b), the AC signals from Node A carried over the S1 optical fiber are lost. At that moment, the switch transfers the traffic from the S1 optical fiber to the P1 optical fiber and receives the AC signals from Node A carried over the P1 optical fiber to be dropped. In this way, the working traffic between Node A and C is protected and will not be discarded. The switch will return to its original position when the fault is removed.
CA AC

S1 P1

A D C P1 S1

CA

AC

(a)
CA AC

S1 P1

A D C P1 S1 B

X
CA AC

Switching

(b)

Figure 3-33 Schematic diagram of the two-fiber unidirectional PP ring

(2) Two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring


The 1+1 protection scheme of the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring is

3-42

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

basically the same as that in the unidirectional protection ring. The difference is that the returned signals move in a reverse direction. Its main advantage is that in case of no protection rings, or in case that the same ADM equipment is used in a chain network, paths can be re-used. It can increase the total add/drop services. Moreover, this protection scheme can ensure route consistency for bidirectional services, which is important for delay sensitive services (such as video services).
CA AC

S1 S2 A D C P1 P2

CA

AC

(a)
CA AC

S1 S2

A C

P1 P2

X
CA AC Switching

(b)

Figure 3-34 Schematic diagram of the two-fiber bidirectional PP ring

As suggested in Figure 3-34 (a), for example, the tributary signals destined for Node C enter the ring from Node A while being carried over the optical fiber S1 and P1 in the transmission direction. The traffic is sent to Node C over the S1 optical fiber clockwise as working signal and over the P1 optical fiber counter-clockwise as protection signal. Node C receives tributary signals of two directions simultaneously and chooses one to be dropped according to the quality of the received signals. Normally, the signal sent on the S1 fiber is taken as the active signal. Meanwhile, tributary signals (CA) inserted at C into the ring that takes Node A as its destination

3-43

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

are sent to Node A in the same way. The CA signals carried on fiber S1 (signal transmitted in the same direction as the AC signals) are branched as active signals at Node A. When a fiber cut occurs between Node B and Node C, as shown in Figure 3-34 (b), the switch transfers the traffic from the S1 optical fiber to the P1 optical fiber and receives the AC signals from Node A on the P1 optical fiber to be dropped. In this way, the working traffic between Node A and C is protected and will not be lost. The switch will return to its original position when the fault is removed. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports both the two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring and the two-fiber bidirectional path protection ring, and provides protection on a per path basis. Added/dropped traffic can be increased by choosing protection for some of or all of the paths (The capacity can range from N STM-1 to 2N STM-1 for STM-N path rings). Switching is effected by judging the quality of the path signals according to the path alarm signals (for example, TU-AIS, TU-LOP, etc.) as well as the bit error status of the path signals. The switching time of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is less than the 50ms switching time as stipulated in the ITU-T recommendations. The shorter switching time is attributable to the efforts to optimize the path protection in the system hardware and software and is of great significance to the traffic, which is sensitive to the error codes, such as signaling, data, and video.

(3) Two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection rings


For two-fiber bidirectional MSP rings, as their services have consistent routes and are sent bidirectionally, timeslots in the ring can be shared by all nodes. The total capacity is closely related to the service distribution mode and quantity of nodes on the ring. In the worst cases, its capacity is N x STM-1, while in maximum; its capacity can reach up to 0.5 x N x M x STM-1, where M is the quantity of nodes on the ring. If low-level extra services are sent on the protection timeslots, the above mentioned capacities are doubled, that is, the availability of the ring capacity is enhanced. See Figure 3-35 (a) for the description of the working path and protection path in the two-fiber MS shared protection rings. With the timeslot switching technology, one fiber can transport working path (S1) and protection path (P2) and the other fiber can transport working path (S2) and protection path (P1). On each fiber, half the paths are defined as working paths (S) and half are defined as protection paths (P). The working path (S1) in one fiber is protected by the protection path (P1) in the other optical fiber traveling in the opposite direction around the ring, and vice versa. This permits bidirectional transmission of working traffic. Only one overhead path is used on each fiber. In the case of a two-fiber ring, the STM-N can be viewed as a multiplex of N x AU-4s, where the AU-4s are numbered from 1 to N according to the order that they appear in the multiplex. The AU-4s numbered from 1 to N/2 shall be assigned as working paths, and the AU-4s numbered from N/2 + 1 to N shall be assigned as protection paths. The timeslots of the fibers counter-clockwise are similar. The working path AU-4 number m is protected by protection path AU-4 number (N/2 + m). The working capacity and protection capacity are both N/2 (indicating the number) AU-4.

3-44

Configuration and Networking


CA AC S1/P2 S2/P1 A D C S2/P1 S1/P2 B

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

CA AC

(a)
CA AC S1/P2 S2/P1

A D C S2/P1 S1/P2 B

X
CA AC Switching

(b)
Figure 3-35 Two-fiber bidirectional multiplexer section shared protection ring

The service path of any number can add at one node and drop at another. In addition, the path timeslots of the same number can be utilized by more than two nodes based on the traffic patterns (ring organization pattern). That is to say, one path timeslot can be repeatedly used. In the case that the optical fiber cable between Node B and Node C is cut, as shown in Figure 3-35 (b), the switches at Node B and Node C adjacent to the broken point will connect the S1/P2 fiber and S2/P1 fiber. With the timeslot switching technology, the working traffic carried over either the S1/P2 fiber or S2/P1 optical fiber can be transferred to the protection signal timeslot of the other optical fiber, thus fulfilling the function of protection switching. For instance, the AU-4 paths numbered 1 to m (working) in the S1/P2 fiber can be transferred to the AU-4s paths N/2+1 to N/2+m (protection) in the S2/P1 fiber. When the fault is rectified, the switch will return to its original position.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports the two-fiber bidirectional MS protection ring and effects switching in the case of one-point optical fiber failure/degradation, multi-point optical fiber failure/degradation, system unit failures, NE failures (for example power-off condition or the unit getting plugged-out). It can avoid erroneous connection of traffic in case of multiple-point failure. The switching time of the multiplex section of the OptiX equipment is less than 50ms as stipulated in the ITU-T recommendations.

(4) Two-fiber unidirectional MS dedicated protection rings


In a ring structure of this kind, working paths and protection paths are carried over different optical fibers. There is a protection switch on each line before the tributary signals are added/dropped at each node, as shown in Figure 3-36 (a). Generally, the low-rate tributary payload is added/dropped only in the S1 optical fiber, while the protection fiber P1 is left idle.
CA AC S1 P1

A D P1 S1 C B

CA AC
CA AC

(a)

S1 P1

A D P1 S1 C B

X
CA AC Switching

(b)
Figure 3-36 Two-fiber unidirectional multiplexer section switching ring

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

In the case of the two optical fibers between Node B and Node C getting cut, the protection switch at Node B and Node C adjacent to the broken point will start the loopback function specified in the APS protocol, as shown in Figure 3-36 (b). At Node B, the service signal AC on fiber S1 returns to fiber P1 through the switch, gets to Node C through Node A and Node D counter-clockwise and then changes back to fiber S1 through switch at Node C for dropping. Other nodes (for example Node A and Node D) function to ensure the service signals carried on fiber P1 to accomplish the normal bridging locally and to transmit to other branch nodes smoothly. The loop-back function guarantees the continuity of the ring even in times of failure so that the working traffic on the low-rate tributaries will not be interrupted. When the fault is rectified, the switch will return to its original position. The two-fiber unidirectional multiplex section switching protection ring is seldom used in actual applications since it has no advantages over either the two-fiber unidirectional path protection ring or two-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection. The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) fully supports the two-fiber MS dedicated protection ring, which is similar to the two-fiber bidirectional MS switching ring in switching condition, configuration and switching time. Switching time is similar to that of two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring.

(5) Four-fiber MS shared protection rings


Four-fiber MS shared protection ring demands 4 fibers at each section (between nodes), as illustrated in Figure 3-37. Service and protection paths are carried over different fibers: two service fibers (one receiving and the other transmitting) and two protection fibers (one transmitting and the other receiving). The service fiber S1 forms a clockwise working traffic ring and the working fiber S2 creates a counterclockwise working traffic ring. The protection fibers P1 and P2, however, form two protection signal rings in directions opposite to S1 and S2. Each fiber conducts protection switching through a switch. Generally, the low-speed tributary signals, which access the ring from Node A and goes to Node C, are transmitted clockwise in the S1 optical fiber. Whereas the returned low-speed tributary signals, which access the ring from Node C and targeted for Node A are transmitted to Node A counter-clockwise on the S2 fiber.

3-47

Configuration and Networking


CA AC S1 P1 S2 P2 A

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C P2 S2 P1 S1

CA

AC

Figure 3-37 Schematic diagram of four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring

CA

AC S1 P1 S2 P2 A

C P2 S2 P1 S1

CA

AC

Switching

Figure 3-38 Schematic diagram of four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring

In the case that there is a cable cut between Node B and Node C, there will be two switches executing the loopback functions respectively at Node B and Node C using the APS protocol to maintain the continuity of the ring as shown in Figure 3-38. At Node B, S1 connects with P1 and S2 with P2. Node C fulfills similar functions. The

3-48

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

other nodes ensure that the working traffic on P1 and P2 can perform the normal bridging function at the node. When the fault is rectified, the switch returns to its original position. Four-fiber bidirectional MS shared protection ring has ring switchover (the traffic of the affected sections will be carried by the protection path of the longer path) and section switchover (a protection mechanism similar to 1:1 linear APS, applied in four-fiber rings only). Its service and protection paths are not transmitted over the same fiber so that when the fiber fails, only the protection path will be affected. During span switching, the protection path of the failed span will transmit the working traffic. However, when the two switchovers occur simultaneously, support will be given to the one with higher priority. Several span switchovers can coexist on one ring and only the protection paths will be used for each switched span. In case of more than one failure, (only the service path of one section is impacted, for example, the electrical fault and fiber breakage of service path), the section switchover will be used for full protection. 3. Protection of Interconnecting Traffic between Rings The inter-ring interconnection services can be classified into two types: single-node interconnection (SNI) and dual-node interconnection (DNI). For SNI, line protection scheme can be adopted to protect the services, but this protection scheme can only protect the optical fibers and optical transmitting/receiving ports, and cannot provide protection in case of failure of the interconnecting nodes. For DNI, Recommendation G.842 includes specific requirements for inter-ring service protections. It specifies the protection schemes of two interconnecting nodes respectively in the MS shared ring and path ring working modes. Therefore, by using the protection scheme specified by this recommendation, the protection of inter-connecting services between two ring networks supported by different vendors and different protection schemes can be provided. Protection on both optical fiber and node failures is also activated. The protection of OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) for inter-ring interconnection service under the DNI mode completely complies with Recommendation G.842.

(1) The interconnection service protection of DNI nodes in an MS shared protection ring
The interconnection service between Node A of Ring 1 and Node J of Ring 2 is protected in the DNI mode, as shown in Figure 3-39. Ring 1 is under MS shared protection. The traffic from Node A to Node J is sent to Ring 2 through the intercommunication dual nodes C and D respectively by means of Drop-Continue; whereas the traffic from Node J to Node A sent by Ring 2 enters Ring 1 through Node C and Node D respectively. Traffic Ts from Node D (a protection node) entering Ring 1 travels along the DC optical path and arrives at Node C, the same point where Traffic Tp enters Ring 1. After both Traffic Ts and Tp are compared, the one with better quality is selected to be sent to Node A along the CBA optical path. Under this protection scheme, any failure of the working Node C and the protection Node D, optical fibers in the rings and optical fibers between Nodes C and F or D and G will be protected.

3-49

Configuration and Networking


A

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

B
Ring 1:Multiplex section shared protection ring P SS

Tp SS

Ts

Ring 2:Multiplex section shared protection ring

P S SS

End point Sub-node Service selection switch Protection path Working path

Figure 3-39 Interconnection service protection among MS shared protection rings

(2) The interconnection service protection of DNI nodes in a path protection ring
As shown in Figure 3-40, the traffic between Node A of Ring 1 and Node I of Ring 2 is protected in the DNI manner. Ring 1 works in a unidirectional path protection scheme. The working and protection services from Node A to Node I are transmitted in the drop-and-continue mode to interconnecting nodes C and D respectively. The better one will be selected at nodes C and D and further sent off to Ring 2. While the service from Node I of Ring 2 to Node A enters Ring 1 at Nodes C and D respectively. The service that enters Ring 1 from Node C (Working node) arrives at

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Node A along the service path. At the same time, service that enters Ring 1 from Node D (Protection node) will arrive at Node A along the protection path. The better one will be selected and dropped at Node A for path optimization. Under this protection scheme, any failure of Working Node C, Protection Node D, optical fibers in the rings and optical fibers between Nodes C and F or D and G will be protected.
A

B
Ring 1:Channel protection ring

C F

D G

J
Ring 2:Channel protection ring

I
Channel selection switch Protection path Working path

Figure 3-40 Interconnection service protection among PP rings

4. Subnetwork Connection Protection As network structures are becoming more and more complicated, the subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) is the only service protection scheme that can be adapted to various network topological structures with a fast switching rate. LO/HO SNCP is the path layer protection, which can be used in different network structures:

3-51

Configuration and Networking chain networks, and ring networks.

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

As shown in Figure 3-41, SNCP uses the 1+1 protection scheme. Services are simultaneously sent on both the working and protection subnetwork connection. When the working subnetwork connection fails, or when its performance deteriorates to a certain level, at the receiving end of the subnetwork connection, the signal from the protection subnetwork connection is selected according to the preference selection rule. Switching usually takes the single-end switching mode, thus it needs no protocol. The protected subnetworks can further result from the lower level subnetwork connections and concatenated link connections.

TM ADM

ADM ADM ADM

......
ADM

......

......

Working SNC Subnetwork 1

STM-4 ADM
SNC start point Protection SNC TM ADM Subnetwork 2 TM ADM

STM-4 ADM
SNC end point

ADM ADM

......

......

Figure 3-41 Schematic diagram of the subnetwork connections

Supervision on subnetwork connection can be in two modes: Inherent supervision (SNC/I) and Non-interfering supervision (SNC/N). The protection handling process and the defect detecting processing are realized on two adjacent layers. The service layer completes the defect detecting process, and sends the status message to the client layer in the form of the service layer signal failure (SSF) messages. SNC/N protects the service layer against faults and the client layer against failure and deterioration. With the in-house developed and highly integrated SDH integrated chips with complete functions, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) has very powerful higher and lower order cross-connect and overhead processing abilities. It is able to achieve the high-order and low-order SNCP: Sending the services simultaneously to the working subnetwork connections and protection subnetwork connection by means of the broadcasting function of cross matrices. At the receiving end, network elements choose whether the working or the protection subnetwork connections to do the

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

receiving according to the status of the working subnetwork connection and the protection subnetwork connection. Moreover, the HPC or LPC function does the LO/HO SNC switching. Thus, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) not only meets Recommendation G.841, but in most cases, it allows the switching of multiple SNCP, and the system can ensure that the switching time of such multiple SNCPs to be less than 50ms. 5. Shared Fiber Virtual Path Protection The SDH network protection mechanism specified by ITU-T is primarily based on ring networks. As for the meshed networking mode, definitely they fail to enjoy satisfactory protection schemes, as they cannot be detached into a series of optical ring networks. Huawei supports a ring network mode protection based on the path layer, taking the advantages of the features of OptiX series products and the proprietary SDH cross-connect chip. That is, the protection for ring networks is based on higher-order or lower-order paths. From this point of view, the mesh network can be considered as the addition of ring networks comprising multiple paths. If the single path on the ring is protected, it is easier to implement the protection of the mesh network. The protection mechanism of PP ring network and SNCP is based on the path layer, and that of MSP ring is based on the fiber paths. Huawei put forward a concept of logical system based division in order to implement path-layer-based MS protection. The division is to divide the network path resources by logical system unit as required by users and have path re-combination logically. Each logical system uses an exclusive protection mechanism. In this case, the MS protection (for example, 1:N or 1+1 protection scheme) will be exclusively set for the logical systems with MS protection attributes. The paths belonging to other logical systems will not be involved in the path switchover in MS switching. The logical systems with MS protection attributes will be protected separately, but only on the paths set by users. In view of such a design concept of loop division based on paths, Huawei has developed the protection mechanism ideally suitable for the complicated networks at the access side, namely the shared fiber virtual path protection. Shared fiber virtual path protection involves division of the optical path logically, for example, an STM-16 or STM-4, or even STM-1 into multiple lower-order or higher-order paths; and then make loop re-combination at path layer with other links respectively. Furthermore, in view of the loops at path layer, corresponding protection schemes can be set, such as PP, MSP, SNCP, and NP. At the crossing optical paths of meshes, they are made into combinations of many paths logically. As for the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) at the crossing of meshes, its ADM mode is no longer based on optical paths completely, but taken as the combination of a number of path-layer ADMs, and each effect the service adding/dropping of path rings. 6. VP Ring Protection

(1) Protected objects


The ATM services can still be protected by the conventional SDH-layer protection scheme, but is not enough. The ATM-layer protection is still necessary. That is why the VP Ring protection scheme is introduced. The service of other stations on the

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

ring will be influenced in case transmission at the ATM layer fails.

ATM Layer

SDH Layer

ATM Layer

SDH Layer

SDH Layer

ATM Layer

SDH Layer

ATM Layer

Figure 3-42 VP Ring implementation

As shown in Figure 3-42 (for the sake of simplicity, the services are indicated in single-fiber rings; in actual use, it can have two-fiber rings), the ATM services take the point-to-point-forwarding mode to complete the service sharing. At each site, the cross-connect processing at SDH layer is performed to groom the bandwidth (STM-1) where the ATM shared services are located to the ATM layer. And at the ATM layer, the services from upstream sites will be blended/merged with local services, forwarded to downstream sites to enable the bandwidth sharing. This brings up the problem of protection. For the failures of optical path and the SDH layer, the protection at the SDH layer will be applied. But, for the ATM layer failure, when the SDH layer cannot implement effective monitoring, such failures may probably impact the services of other related sites. To solve such problems, the VP Ring protection scheme of the ATM layer can be introduced.

(2) VP Ring protection

3-54

Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The ATM layer VP Ring protection switching uses the theories and features of the SDH APS protection switching. The VP Ring protection falls into individual VP protection and group VP protection (VPG). Individual VP protection refers to the end-to-end connection of the individual VP protection or one section of connection used as service entity and protection entity. Individual VP protection switching is mainly used in cases where protection is not available at service layer. Sometimes, a certain section, which requires high reliability in the VPC needs to be protected and other sections can be left, not protected, which will help minimize the bandwidth necessary for protection. Such mode can also be used to protect the failures both at the ATM layer and the physical layer. The chances of protecting the failures at physical layer only are not eliminated. Group protection refers to a logical VPG comprising one or more connected VPs, which performs protection switching at the unit of group. VPG protection functions to accelerate the ATM layer protection switching (to reach the rate of protection switching at SDH layer); that is to make an overall protection available by connecting multiple VPs/VCs as a group. VPG protection mainly functions to recover the faults of then physical layer and to protect the ATM layer. VPG protection can be used in combination with individual VP. VP Ring protection switching is a protection mechanism by taking advantage of the preserved protection resources, which can be applied in any physical topology. The preserved protection resources include the routes and the bandwidth. The implementation of the ATM protection switching may be 1+1 or M:N. In the following cases, the VP Ring protection switching will be triggered: a) Operator control (for example, manual switching, forced switching and locked protection) b) SF detected c) SD detected d) WTR timeout In the ATM layer, when the SF or SD alarm is detected, the VP-AIS cell will be transmitted to relevant sites as soon as possible. In the relevant destination of protection domain, the transmission layer protection and the ATM layer protection need to be coordinated for troubleshooting. In case of failure, the ATM layer function will be delayed in its startup. When the AIS status goes on for X seconds (X number to be between 4 to 10 seconds, 500ms being the minimum), the ATM layer protection switching will be started.

(3) The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) VP Ring protection implementation


Currently the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) provides the VC/VP/VPG 1+1 linear protection, and adopts the service and protection paths similar to the SDH path protection. It is implemented by detecting the signal quality in the receive end and uses the dual fed signal selection mode, as shown in Figure 3-43.

3-55

Configuration and Networking


AC CA

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

P1 P1

A D C S1 S1

CA

AC

(a)
AC CA Switching

P1 P1

A D C S1 S1

CA

AC

Switching

(b)
Figure 3-43 Illustration of ATM layer VP/VPG 1+1 protection

The ATM services between nodes A and C, two connections (service path and protection path) are established, VP/VPG. In normal cases, transmit-end chooses the services to be transmitted by service path. When fault occurs to the primary ring, the corresponding invalidity information will be detected at the receiving end and protection will be started to adjust the received traffic onto the protection paths to achieve the protection over ATM services.

(4) The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) VP Ring layered protection


For the network invalidity of different levels, the layered protection becomes a must, which can ensure the quickest and the most secure protection scheme for services. However, the layered protection brings about the complexity in protection coordination. The protection schemes at different layers require collaboration to ensure reliable protection.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

In the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), such modes as bottom-to-top and layered delay are used to enable the coordination of layered protection. In the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), the point-to-point PDH services and Ethernet transparent transmission services do not involve the problems of bandwidth-sharing. Thus, the perfect SDH protection schemes can be availed. For the ATM services, with the adoption of the point-to-point-forwarding bandwidth sharing mode, both the SDH and the ATM layers protection are involved. For such alarms that may be detected at the SDH layer as LOS caused by fiber invalidity, protection of the SDH layer will be started directly. While, the protection at the ATM layer, the delayed mode will be used. In case the SDH protection succeeds, the ATM layer protection will be cancelled. If it fails, the ATM layer protection will be started. In this way, the merits of the SDH layer such as quickness and security are guaranteed and at the same time, it is complimented by the SDH layer protection, which further improves the system security. For the invalidity at ATM layer (for example, ATM cell bit error), the ATM layer protection scheme is directly started as the SDH layer fails to detect such alarm information to ensure the quick startup of the protection switching, as illustrated in Figure 3-44.

SDH layer failure LOS/LOF/B1/B2...

ATM layer failure ATM cell loss... Time delay

Service recovery?

No start

N Start SDH layer protection Start ATM layer protection

Start

ATM layer failure ATM cell loss...

Figure 3-44 Implementation of layered protection

7. Subnetwork Connection Multi-trail Protection (SNCMP) The SNCMP function, which provides multiple protection trails for services by sending multiple services from the service source and receiving selected services at the service sink, is a supplement to subnetwork connection protection (SNCP) and path protection (PP) that have been supported. The SNCP can protect the line-to-line services only, and the PP can protect the line-to-tributary services only. In the case of multi-trail protection, the service source and service sink can be in either the line direction or the tributary direction.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

The principle of SNCMP is as shown in Figure 3-45. The service source broadcasts services to multiple service routes, and then the service sink judges the priorities of the received services and selects the desired ones to receive according to their quality. When both the working and protection trails receive services correctly, the service sink receives services of the working trail.
A
Working

B Service sink

Sevice source

Protection 1 Protection 2 Protection 3

Intermediate subnet Intermediatesubnet

Figure 3-45 Principle of SNCMP

As shown in Figure 3-46, the working and protection trails of SNCMP, of which the second protection trail Protection 2 uses micro services as the transmission media. In normal cases, station C receives services from the working trail.

C D
Protection 1

B A
Working Microwave Radio

Protection 2 Microwave Radio

Figure 3-46 SNCMP networking

When the transmission between Stations A and B fails, as shown in Figure 3-47, Station C receives services from the higher level protection trail Protection 1.

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Configuration and Networking

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C D
Protection 1

B
Working

Microwave Radio

Protection 2 Microwave Radio

Figure 3-47 SNCMP service flow direction (single fault point)

When the transmissions between Stations A and B and between Stations A and D fail at the same time, as shown in Figure 3-48, Station C receives services from the second protection trail Protection 2.

C D
Protection 1

B
Working

Microwave Radio

Protection 2 Microwave Radio

Figure 3-48 SNCMP service flow direction (multiple fault points)

3-59

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

4 Mechanical Structure

4.1 Overview
The mechanical structure of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) includes cabinet, subracks, circuit boards, fan box, and power supply frames. The cabinet holds various types of subracks. The circuit boards are inserted into a subrack to configure various types of network elements.

4-1

Mechanical Structure

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

4.2 Cabinet Structure


OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) uses standard ETSI cabinets that comply with the ETS 300-119-3 standards. Cabinet specifications: 2000 mm (height) x 600 mm (height) x 600 mm (height) (87 kg) 2200 mm (height) x 600 mm (height) x 600 mm (height) (95 kg) 2600 mm (height) x 600 mm (height) x 600 mm (height) (105 kg) The cabinet consists of rack, doors, top cover, and side panels, as shown in Figure 4-1. The skeleton supports and holds all components. Installation screw holes are evenly distributed on the vertical brackets of the rack in an interval of 25 mm. All types of subracks are fixed by such screw holes, but their places of the subracks are adjustable up or down inside the cabinet. On both sides of the cabinet, there are cable supports used to lay cables. Both the front door and the rear door can be opened. The distance between the cabinet and the wall shall be at least 600 mm.

4-2

Mechanical Structure

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1. Front door 4. Rear door

2. Cover plate of power box 5. Vertical bracket

3. Side panel 6. Slide rail

Figure 4-1 The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) cabinet structure

4-3

Mechanical Structure

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

4.3 Subrack Structure


The dimensions of an OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack is 668 mm(height) x 530 mm(width) x 542 mm (depth), and the net weight of each subrack is 27 kg. The subrack consists of three parts. The front compartment is used to accommodate XCS, S16, SCC, and other boards. The rear compartment is the cable connecting area, accommodating E75B, E75S, LPSW, and other boards. The power supply and the serial ports are within the rear compartment. The wiring area is for the routing and management of optical fibers. The front view of the subrack is shown in Figure 4-2. The back view of the subrack is shown in Figure 4-3.

1. IU1/P 2. IU2 3. IU3 8. XCS 9. IU7 10. IU8 15. SCC 16. IUP 18. Jack for antistatic wrist strap

4. IU4 5. IU5 11. IU9 12. IU10 17. Fiber clamp 19. Grounding hole

6. IU6 13. IU11

7. XCS 14. IU12

Figure 4-2 The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack structure (front view)

4-4

Mechanical Structure

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

1. Hanger 6. LTU12 11. SFU

2. Binding-wire pole 7. LTU11 12. LTU4

3. Binding-wire support 8. LTU10 13. LTU3

4. PBU 9. LTU9 14. LTU2

5. FB1/LPDR 10. PIU 15. LTU1/FB2

Figure 4-3 The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) subrack structure (back view)

4-5

Mechanical Structure

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

4.4 Fan Box


The fan box consists of fan and air filter, as shown in Figure 4-4. The fan box is able to suppress the surge current in hot swapping and therefore supports the hot swappable mode. When the fan box is drawn out, it is automatically powered off. When it is inserted, it is automatically powered on.

1. 8PIN connector 2. Fan Figure 4-4 Fan box

3. Indicator

4. Air filter

5. FAN board

4-6

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes

A
Bit rate (kbit/s)
155520 622080 2488320 9953280

A.1 Levels of SDH


The bit rate of the first SDH level is 155520 kbit/s. Signals of higher levels can be generated by interleaving N signals at the first level (N= 4, 16...). See Table A-1.
Table A-1 SDH/SONET transmission rates

SDH
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 STM-64 STS-N OC-N STM-N

Electrical signal
STS-3

SONET Optical signal


OC-3 OC-12 OC-48 OC-192

Synchronous Transport Signal Level-N Optical Carrier Level-N Synchronous Transport Module Level-N

A-1

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A.2 Multiplexing Structure


The multiplexing of various services by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) and the multiplexing modes are shown in Figure A-1.
x 1 x 1

STM-16

AUG-16 x 4 AUG-4 x 4 AUG-1 x 3

AU-4-16c

VC-4-16c

C-4-16c

STM-4

x 1

x 1

AU-4-4c

VC-4-4c

C-4-4c

STM-1

x 1

x 1

AU-4

VC-4 x 3 TUG-3 x 1

C-4

139264 kbit/s

TU-3

VC-3

AU-3

VC-3 x 7 TUG-2 x 1 x 3 x 4 TU-12 VC-12 TU-2

44736 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s C-3

6312 kbit/s VC-2 C-2 2048 kbit/s C-12 VC-Trunk 10/100 M 1544 kbit/s C-11

Section overhead processing N grade multiplexing (N=1, 4, 16,....) Pointer processing Path overhead processing Code rate justification

TU-11

VC-11

The multiplexing mapping structure of the OptiX Metro 3100 Mapping Alignment Multiplexing

Figure A-1 Multiplexing structure

A-2

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A.3 Basic Frame Structure


The frame structure of an SDH frame is shown in Figure A-2.
270 x N columns (byte) 9 x N columns (byte) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Multiplexer Section overhead M SOH Administration Unit pointer AU-PTR Generator section overhead RSO H Higher-order path overhead P O H 261 x N columns (byte) Transmission direction

STM-N Payload

9 rows

Frame

n-1

Frame

Frame n+1

Information code flow

9 x 270 x N columns (byte) Frame cycle 125s Scrambler: X7+X6+1 T=125 s

Figure A-2 SDH frame structure

A-3

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A.4 SOH
A.4.1 STM-1 SOH
The structure of STM-1 section overhead (SOH) is shown in Figure A-3.
9 columns
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 B1 D1 E1 D2 F1 D3 RSOH

9 rows

Administrative unit pointer (s)


B2 B2 B2 D4 D7 D11 S1 K1 D5 D8 D12 K2 D6 D9 D12 M1 E2 MSOH

Reserved for national use

Unscrambled bytes Bytes related to transmission media

Note: All non-marked bytes are reserved for future international standard use

Figure A-3 STM-1 SOH

A.4.2 STM-4 SOH


The structure of STM-4 SOH is shown in Figure A-4.

A-4

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure and Overhead Bytes of OptiX 2500+(Metro3000)


36 bytes
* * * * A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0 Z0 Z0 B1 D 1 E1 D 2 Administration Unit pointer AU-PTR (H1, H2, H3) F1 D3 * * *

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

* RSOH

9 rows

B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 D4 D7 D 10 S1 D5 D8 D 11 M 1 Reserved for national use


*

K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 MSOH

Unscrambled bytes

Note: All non-marked bytes are reserved for future international standard use

Figure A-4 STM-4 SOH

A-5

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A.4.3 STM-16 SOH


The structure of STM-16 SOH is shown in Figure A-5.
144 rows
A1 B1 D1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 E1 D1 Administrative Unit Pointer (s) B1 D4 D7 D10 S1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 K1 D5 D8 D11 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 Z2 K2 D6 D9 D12 E2 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2 J0 F1 D3 Z0

Bytes reserved for national use

Z2

M1

Z2

Z2

Unscrambled bytes

Note: All unmarked bytes are reserved for futureintemational additional national use and other purposes) ZO: TO be determined by future international standard

standardization(for media dependent,

Figure A-5 STM-16 SOH

A.4.4 SOH Byte


Table A-2 Description of SOH byte

Byte
A1, A2 B1 B2 D1, D2, D3 D4D12 E1

Description
Framing bytes. A1=F6H, A2=28H Regenerator section bit error monitoring BIP-8 Multiplexer section bit error monitoring BIP-24N Regenerator section DCC path, 192 kbit/s Multiplexer section DCC path, 576 kbit/s Regenerator section orderwire bytes 64 kbit/s

A-6

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes Byte


E2 F1 H1, H2 H3 J0 K1, K2 M1 S1 Others

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Description
Multiplexer section orderwire bytes 64 kbit/s Data/Voice channel provided by the network Administration unit pointer Management unit pointer adjustment byte Regenerator section trace byte Multiplexer section automatic protection switching (APS) byte Multiplexer section remote error indication Synchronization status byte: S1(b5b8) To be determined in the future

A-7

Multiplexing Structure, Frame Structure, and Overhead Bytes

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

A.5 POH
A.5.1 Higher-order POH VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH Bytes
Table A-3 Description of VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc path overhead (POH) bytes J1 B3 C2 G1 F2 H4 F3 K3 N1 Higher-order path trace byte Higher-order path BIP-8 error monitoring byte Higher-order path signal label byte Path status byte Higher-order path user channel byte Multiframe position indicator for payloads Higher-order path user channel byte Automatic protection switching (APS) channel Network operator

Note: The VC-3 POH is located in the first column of the (9-row by 85-column) VC-3 structure. The VC-4 POH is located in the first column of the (9-row by 261-column) VC-4 structure. The VC-4-xc POH is located in the first column of the (9-row by 261*X-column) VC-4-Xc structure.

A.5.2 Lower-order POH VC-12 POH Bytes


Table A-4 Description of VC-12 POH bytes V5 J2 N2 K4 Lower-order path error checking, signal label and path status Lower-order path trace (access point identifier) Network operator Automatic protection switching (APS) path and lower-order path remote error indication

A-8

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

B ATM Cell Structure

B.1 ATM Cell Structure


The ATM cell structure is shown in Figure B-1.
8
Header (5 bytes)

5 4

3 VPI VCI

5 4 VPI

GFC VPI VCI

VPI VCI

VCI

Payload (48 bytes)

VCI

PT HEC

CLP

VCI

PT HEC

CLP

ATM cell

UNI cell structure

NNI cell structure

GFC: Generic Flow Control PT: Payload Type Identifier Figure B-1 ATM cell structure

VPI: Virtual Path Identifier CLP: Cell Loss Priority

VCI: Virtual Channel Identifier HEC: Header Error Control

B-1

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C Features

C.1 Types of Interface


The types of interface provided by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are listed in Table C-1.
Table C-1 Types of interface

Type of interface
ATM interface Ethernet interface

Interface rates and features


155520 kbit/s (single-mode/multimode) 10/100Base-T autosensing, 100 Base-FX (single-mode/multimode), 1000Base-SX/LX (single-mode/multimode) 1544 kbit/s, 2048 kbit/s, 155520 kbit/s, 34368 kbit/s, 44736 kbit/s, 139264 kbit/s, 155520 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s, 622080 kbit/s, 2488320 kbit/s N x 4 K, Frame E1, SHDSL 2048 kbit/s, 2048 kHz Administration, orderwire and data interfaces

SDH/PDH electrical interface SDH optical interface DDN interface Timing interface Auxiliary interface

C-1

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.1.1 ATM Interface


The types of ATM interface are listed in Table C-2.
Table C-2 Types of ATM interface

Type of interface
Optical interface (LC/PC)

Interface rates and features


155520 kbit/s (single-mode/multimode)

C.1.2 Ethernet Interface


The types of Ethernet interface are listed in Table C-3.
Table C-3 Types of Ethernet interface

Type of interface
Electrical interface (RJ-45) Optical interface (LC/PC) Optical interface (SC)

Interface rates and features


10/100Base-T autosensing 100Base-FX (single-mode/multi-mode), 1000Base-SX/LX (single-mode/multi-mode)

C.1.3 SDH Optical Interface


The types of SDH optical interface are listed in Table C-4.
Table C-4 Types of SDH optical interface STM-1 optical interface STM-4 optical interface STM-16 optical interface Ie-1, I-1, S-1.1, L-1.1, L-1.2. S-4.1, L-4.1, L-4.2, Ve-4.2, Ie-4 I-16, S-16.1, S-16.2, L-16.1, L-16.2, Le-16.2, V-16.2, U-16.2

C.1.4 PDH and SDH Electrical Interfaces


The types of PDH and SDH electrical interfaces provided by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are all in compliance with the ITU-T Recommendation G.703, as shown in Table C-5.
Table C-5 Types of PDH electrical interface

Transmission rate
1544 kbit/s

Code type
B8ZS code, AMI code

Transmission line pair


100 balanced wire

C-2

Features Transmission rate


2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Code type


HDB3 code HDB3 code B3ZS code CMI code CMI code

Transmission line pair


120 balanced cable (twisted pair cable), 75 cable unbalanced 75 unbalanced cable 75 unbalanced cable 75 unbalanced cable 75 unbalanced cable

C.1.5 DDN Interface Type


The interface type of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is listed in Table C-6. They comply with the ITU-T recommendations.
Table C-6 DDN interface type

Interface type
1. Frame E1 interface

Interface description

Standard
The physical and electrical characteristics comply with ITU-T Recommendation G.703, and the frame structure complies with ITU-T Recommendation G.704. In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation V.35 In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation V.24 In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation X.21 In compliance with EIA RS-449 (RS-423A and RS-422A) In compliance with EIA RS-530 In compliance with EIA RS-530A In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.991.2

Access 8 x Frame E1s

V.35 interface V.24 interface 2. N x 64 kbit/s interface X.21 interface RS-449 interface RS-530 interface RS-530A interface 3. SHDSL interface Access 2 x SHDSL signals, with the max. transmission distance of 3000 m.

C-3

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.1.6 Clock Interface


The clock interface features of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are shown in Table C-7.
Table C-7 Characteristics of Clock interface External synchronization source Synchronized outputs 2 inputs, 2048 kbit/s (G.703 6) or 2048 kHz (G.703 10), 75 2 outputs, 2048 kbit/s (G.703 6) or 2048 kHz (G.703 10), 75

C.1.7 Auxiliary Interface


The types of auxiliary interface provided by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are shown in Table C-8.
Table C-8 Auxiliary interfaces

Administration interface
Orderwire telephone interface Data interface

Ethernet
3 two-line (2 W) orderwire telephone interfaces One F1 concurrent data interface, four RS422/RS232 optional interfaces.

C-4

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.2 Types of Applications


This equipment can be configured as ADM, TM or REG.

C.3 Cross-Connection and Access

Capacity
The maximum SDH cross connection capacity of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is 128 x 128 VC-4. The cross connection capacity provided by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is shown in Table C-9.
Table C-9 SDH cross-connection capacity XCS Access capacity Cross-connect capacity Cross-connect category Method of cross-connection 96 x STM-1 HO: 128 x 128 VC-4 LO: 2016 x 2016 VC-12 VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 In any mode between the interfaces XCL 32 x STM-1 HO: 48 x 48 VC-4 LO: 1008 x 1008 VC-12 VC-4/VC-3/VC-12 In any mode between the interfaces

C-5

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.4 Power Source Requirements


Voltage: 48 V/60 V +/ 20%DC

C.5 Power Consumption of Boards


Type of board
XCS XCL SCC PD1 PQ1 PM1 PQM PL3 PQ3 SDE SQE TDA DX1 EGT EFT BA2 BPA AOO1 FAN EMS1

Power consumption (W)


33 W 20 W 13 W 15 W 23 W 18 W 22 W 7.5 W 16 W 14 W 25 W 20 W 40 W 23 W 30 W(with EMT8) 40 W 40 W 12 W 20 W 34 W

Type of board
SL1 SD1 SQ1 SL4 SD4 S16 AL1 ET1 COA SPQ4 DM12 EMF4 EGT2 EMT8 EMF8 LPDR AOQ1 EIPC EFS0

Power consumption (W)


10 W 12 W 18 W 14 W 21 W 37 W 25 W 25 W 5W 23 W 15 W 8W 25 W 6W 14 W 10 W 6W 5 W/30 W (switching state) 32 W

C-6

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.6 Mechanical Structure


The mechanical structural details of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are shown in Table C-10.
Table C-10 Mechanical structural details

Cabinet dimensions (ETSI standard cabinet) Subrack dimensions Cabinet weight Unequipped subrack weight

2000 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2200 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 2600 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 600 mm (depth) 668 mm (height) x 530 mm (width) x 542 mm (depth) 92 kg (2000 mm high), 101 kg (2200 mm high), 112.3 kg (2600 mm high) 27 kg

C-7

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.7 EMC
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) complies with ETS300386 and ETS300127, as shown in Table C-11.
Table C-11 Electromagnetic compatibility Radiated emission Conducted emission Electrostatic discharge Inject current immunity Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields EN55022 compliant EN55022 compliant EN61000-4-2 compliant ENV50141 compliant ENV50140 compliant

C-8

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.8 Environmental Requirements


The following ITU-T Recommendations are taken as the reference for framing the environment requirements. GF 014-95: room; Environment conditions for the communication equipment

ETS 300 019-1-3: Class 3.2 Partly temperature-controlled locations; NEBS GR-63-CORE: Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) requirement: Physical protection.

C.8.1 Environmental Index


The environmental indices required by the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are listed in Table C-12.
Table C-12 Environmental indices Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature Relative humidity Earthquake-proof performance 4000 m 70106 kPa 0C40C 10%90% Capable of resisting 79 Richter scale earthquake

C.8.2 Environment for Storage


1. Climate
Table C-13 Climate requirement

Item
Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity

Range
5000 m 70106 kPa 40C to +70C 1C/min 10%100%

C-9

Features Item
Solar radiation Heat radiation Air speed

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Range


1120 W/s 600 W/s 30 m/s

2. Waterproof Requirement

(1) Equipment storage requirements at the customer site: Generally the equipment is stored indoors, where there is no water on the floor and no water leakage on the packing boxes of the equipment. (2) The equipment should not be stored in places where leakage is probable, such as near the auto firefighting and heating facilities. (3) If the equipment is required to be stored outdoors, the following four conditions should be met at the same time:
The packing boxes are intact. Necessary rainproof measures should have been taken to prevent rainwater from entering the packing boxes. There is no water on the ground where the packing boxes are stored, let alone water entering into the packing boxes. The packing boxes are not directly exposed to the sun. 3. Biological Environment Propagation of fungi and mould fungi should be suppressed. No rodent animals (for example, mice). 4. Air Cleanness No explosion-conducting, electricity, and magnetic conductive and corrosive dust are allowed. The concentration of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-14.
Table C-14 Concentration requirements for mechanical active substances

Mechanical active substance


Suspending dust Precipitable dust Gravel

Content
5.00 mg/m 20.0 mg/mh 300 mg/m

C-10

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM The concentration of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-15.
Table C-15 Concentration requirements for chemical active substances

Chemical active substance


SO2 H2S NO2 NH3 Cl2 HCl HF O3

Content
0.30 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.50 mg/m 1.00 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.01 mg/m 0.05 mg/m

5. Mechanical Stress
Table C-16 Requirement for mechanical stress

Item
Sinusoidal vibration

Sub-item
Displacement Accelerated speed Frequency range

Range
7.0 mm 29 Hz Collision response spectrum II Static load 20.0 m/s 9200 Hz 250 m/s 5 kPa

Astable collision Note:

Collision response spectrum: A response curve of the highest accelerated speed, generated by the equipment at the strike of a specified collision. Collision response spectrum II implies the duration of the semisinusoidal collision response spectrum is 6ms. Static load: The downward pressure borne by the packaged equipment piled in a specified way.

C-11

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

C.8.3 Transportation Environment


1. Climate
Table C-17 Climate requirement

Item
Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity Solar radiation Heat radiation Air speed

Range
5000 m 70106 kPa 40C to +70C 3C/min 10%100% 1120 W/s 600 W/s 30 m/s

2. Waterproof Requirement The following conditions should be met during the transportation: The packing boxes are intact. Necessary rainproof measures should be taken for the means of transport to prevent rainwater from entering the packing boxes, There is no water in the means of transportation. 3. Biological Environment Propagation of fungi and mould fungi should be suppressed. No rodent animals (for example, mice). 4. Air Cleanness No explosion-conducting, electricity and magnetic conductive, and corrosive dust are allowed. The concentration of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-18.

C-12

Features

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
Table C-18 Concentration requirements for mechanical active substances

Mechanical active substance


Suspending dust Precipitable dust Gravel

Content
No requirement. 3.0 mg/mh 100 mg/m

The concentration of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-19.
Table C-19 Concentration requirements for chemical active substances

Chemical active substance


SO2 H2S NO2 NH3 Cl2 HCl HF O3

Content
0.30 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.50 mg/m 1.00 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.01 mg/m 0.05 mg/m

C-13

Features 5. Mechanical Stress


Table C-20 Requirement for mechanical stress

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Item
Sinusoidal vibration

Sub-item
Displacement Accelerated speed Frequency range Accelerated speed spectral density Frequency range 7.5 mm 29 Hz 10 m/s 29 Hz

Range
20.0 m/s 9200 Hz 3 m/s 9200 Hz 300 m/s 10 kPa 40.0 m/s 200500 Hz 1 m/s 200500 Hz

Random vibration

Astable collision

Collision response spectrum II Static load

Note: Collision response spectrum: A response curve of the highest accelerated speed, generated by the equipment at the strike of a specified collision. Collision response spectrum II implies the duration of the semisinusoidal collision response spectrum is 6ms. Static load: The downward pressure borne by the packaged equipment piled in a specified way.

C.8.4 Operation Environment


1. Climate
Table C-21 Requirement for temperature and humidity

Equipment name

Temperature
Long-term operation 0C to 40C Short-term operation -5C to 45C

Relative humidity
Long-term operation 10% to 90% Short-term operation 5% to 95%

Note: The temperature and humidity values are those obtained 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m ahead the equipment. Short-term operation means the consecutive operating time of the equipment does not exceed 96 hours, and the operating time accumulated in one year does not exceed 15 days.

C-14

Features
Table C-22 Other climate requirements

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Item
Sea level elevation Air pressure Temperature change rate Solar radiation Heat radiation Air speed

Range
4000 m 70106 kPa 5C/h 700 W/s 600 W/s 1 m/s

2. Biological Environment Propagation of fungi and mould fungi should be suppressed. No rodent animals (for example, mice). 3. Air Cleanness No explosion-conducting, electricity and magnetic conductive, and corrosive dust are allowed. The concentration of the mechanical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-23.
Table C-23 Concentration requirements for mechanical active substances

Mechanical active substance


Dust particle Suspending dust Precipitable dust Gravel

Content
3 x 105 particles/m 0.4 mg/m 15 mg/mh 100 mg/m

The concentration of the chemical active substances complies with the requirements listed in Table C-24.
Table C-24 Concentration requirements for chemical active substances

Chemical active substance


SO2 H2S NH3

Content
0.20 mg/m 0.006 mg/m 0.05 mg/m

C-15

Features Chemical active substance


Cl2 HCl HF O3 CO

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Content


0.01 mg/m 0.10 mg/m 0.01 mg/m 0.005 mg/m 5.0 mg/m

4. Mechanical Stress
Table C-25 Requirement for mechanical stress

Item
Sinusoidal vibration

Sub-item
Displacement Accelerated speed Frequency range

Range
3.5 mm 29 Hz 10.0 m/s 9200 Hz 100 m/s 0

Astable collision Note:

Collision response spectrum II Static load

(1) Collision response spectrum: A response curve of the highest accelerated speed, generated by the equipment at the strike of a specified collision. Collision response spectrum II implies the duration of the semisinusoidal collision response spectrum is 6ms. (2) Static load: The downward pressure borne by the packaged equipment piled in a specified way.

C-16

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D Major Specifications

D.1 Performance Specifications of

Optical Interface
D.1.1 SDH Optical Interface Parameters
1. Optical Interface Classification Different optical transmitter powers and receiver sensitivities may lead to different possible transmission distances. The categorization of optical interfaces is shown in Table D-1.

D-1

Major Specifications
Table D-1 Optical interface classification codes

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Application
Nominal wavelength (nm) Fiber type Transmission distance (km)* STM-1 STM level Ie-1

Intra-office
1310 Mutlimode optical fiber G.652

Inter-office communication Short distance Long distance


1310 G.652 1550 G.652 1310 G.652 1550 G.652 G.652

2 I-1 / AF-UNI011-047 I-4

up to 15 S-1.1 S-1.2

up to 40 L-1.1

up to 80 L-1.2 L-1.3

STM-4 STM-16

S-4.1 S-16.1

S-4.2 S-16.2

L-4.1 L-16.1

L-4.2 L-16.2 Le-16.2

L-4.3 L-16.3

*Note: "Transmission distance" is used for categorization rather than normalization.

2. Interface Parameters The specifications of various types of optical interface parameters are given in Table D-2, Table D-3 and Table D-4.

D-2

Major Specifications
Table D-2 Specifications of STM-1 optical interface parameters

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path features between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR

Unit
kbit/s Ie-1 nm 1260 1360 LED nm nm dB dBm 14 14 80 AF-UNI011-047 1270 1380 LED 200

Numerical value
155520 I-1 12601360 MLM 40 LED 80 S-1.1 1261 1360 MLM 7.7 L-1.2 1280 1335 MLM 4 1480 1580 SLM 1 30 8 0 0

Characteristics of transmitter at point S

dBm

19

20

15

15

dB

8.2

10% (no unit)

8.2

8.2

10

10

dB ps/nm dB

07 25 N/A

1.5 dB/km N/A

07 18 N/A 25

012 96 N/A

1028 185 N/A

10 28 N/A 20

dB

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

25

D-3

Major Specifications Items


Nominal bit rate Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflectance of the receiver measured at R

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Unit


kbit/s dBm dBm dB dB 23 13 1 N/A 29 14 N/A 23 8 1 N/A

Numerical value
155520 28 8 1 N/A 34 10 1 N/A 34 10 1 25

D-4

Major Specifications
Table D-3 Specification of STM-4 optical interface parameters

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Characteristics of transmitter at point S Max. 20 dB width Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Optical path features between points SR Max. dispersion Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Receiver at reference point R Min. overload point Max. optical path penalty Max. reflectance of the receiver measured at point R

Unit
kbit/s I-4 nm 1261 1360 MLM nm nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm dB dB dBm dBm dB dB 14.5 8 15 8.2 07 N/A N/A 23 8 1 N/A

Numerical value
622080 S-4.1 1274 1356 MLM 2.5 8 15 8.2 012 74 N/A N/A 27 8 1 N/A L-4.1 1300 1325 MLM 2.0 2 3 10 1024 92 20 25 27 8 1 14 L-4.2 1480 1580 SLM <1 30 2 3 10 1024 1640 24 27 27 8 1 27

D-5

Major Specifications
Table D-4 Specifications of STM-16 (G.957) optical interface parameters (a)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path features between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at R

Unit
kbit/s I-16 nm 1266 1360 MLM nm nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm dB 40 3 10 8.2 07 N/A 24 S-16.1 1260 1360 SLM 1 30 0 5 8.2 012 N/A 24

Numerical value
2488320 S-16.2 1430 1580 SLM 1 30 0 5 8.2 012 N/A 24 L-16.1 1280 1335 SLM 1 30 +3 2 8.2 1024 N/A 24 L-16.2 1500 1580 SLM <0.75 30 +3 2 8.2 1024 1200 1600 24 24 Le-16.2 1530 1560 SLM <0.75 30 +3 2 8.2 1024

dB

27

27

27

27

27

27

dBm dBm dB dB

18 3 1 27

18 0 1 27

18 0 1 27

27.5 9 1 27

27.5 9 2 27

27.5 9 2 27

D-6

Major Specifications
Table D-5 Specifications of STM-16 (G.957) optical interface parameters (b)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path characteristics between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at point R

Unit
kbit/s U-16.2 nm 1530 1565 SLM V-16.2 1530 1565 SLM <1 30 17 14 8.2 2233 3200

Numerical value
2488320 S-16.2 (Type A) 1430 1580 SLM 1 30 0 5 8.2 012 NA L-16.2 (Type B) 1500 1580 SLM <0.75 30 +3 2 8.2 1024 1200 1600 24 L-16.2JE (Type C) 1530 1560 SLM <0.6 30 5 8.2 28 2400

nm
nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm

<1 30 17 14 8.2 3344 7200

dB

24

24

24

24

dB dBm dBm dB

27 34 18 2

27 27.5 9 2

27 18 0 1

27 27.5 9 2

27 27.5 9 2

dB

27

27

27

27

27

D-7

Major Specifications
Table D-6 Specifications of STM-16 (G.957) optical interface parameters (c)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path characteristics between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at point R

Unit
Kbit/s 8 x 22 dB nm

Numerical value
STM-16 5 x 30 dB 2488320 3 x 33 dB

1535.82 1535.82 1535.82 1560.61 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed wavelengths) wavelengths) wavelengths) SLM SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 12000 SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 7200

Characteristics of transmitter at point S

nm nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm

0.2 35 0 10 10 07 12800

dB

24

24

24

dB dBm dBm dB

27 25 9 2

27 25 9 2

27 25 9 2

dB

27

27

27

D-8

Major Specifications
Table D-7 Specifications of STM-16 (G.692) optical interface parameters

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Items
Nominal bit rate Application code Operating wavelength range Source type Max. RMS bandwidth () Max. 20 dB width Characteristics of transmitter at point S Min. side mode suppression ratio Max. mean launched power Min. mean launched power Min. extinction ratio Attenuation range Max. dispersion Optical path characteristics between points SR Min. optical return loss of cable at S (including any connectors) Max. discrete reflection coefficient between points SR Min. sensitivity Min. overload point Receiver at reference point R Max. optical path penalty Max. reflection coefficient of receiver measured at point R

Unit
Kbit/s

Numerical value
STM-16 8 x 22 dB 2488320 5 x 30 dB 3 x 33 dB

nm

1535.821560.61 1535.82 1535.82 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed 1560.61 (32 fixed wavelength) wavelength) wavelength) SLM SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 12000 SLM 0.2 35 0 10 10 012 7200

nm nm dB dBm dBm dB dB ps/nm

0.2 35 0 10 10 07 12800

dB

24

24

24

dB dBm dBm dB

27 25 9 2

27 25 9 2

27 25 9 2

dB

27

27

27

D-9

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.1.2 Mean Launched Power


Average launched power is the value of the pseudo-random data serial number coupled with the transmitter to the fiber measured at the referential point S'. The average transmission power specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-8.
Table D-8 Mean launched power

STM levels

Optical interface type


Ie-1 I-1

Standard specs (dBm)


19 to 14 15 to 8 15 to 8 5 to 0 5 to 0 15 to 8 15 to 8 3 to +2 3 to +2 3 to +2 +14 to +17 5 to 0 5 to 0 2 to +3 2 to +3 +5 to +7 +14 to +17 +14 to +17

Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

STM-1

S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 I-4 S-4.1

S-4.1

L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 Ue-4.2 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1

STM-16

L-16.2 Le-16.2 V-16.2 U-16.2

D-10

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.1.3 Extinction Ratio (EX)


The extinction ratio of the SDH optical interface is the ratio of the average low, or off, optical power level to the average high, or on, optical power level. The extinction ratio specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-9.
Table D-9 Extinction ratio (EX)

STM levels

Optical interface type


Ie-1 I-1

Standard specs (dB)


> 8.2 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 10 > 10 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 10 > 10 > 10 > 10 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 8.2 > 10

Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

STM-1

S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 I-4 S-4.1

STM-4

L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 Ue-4.2 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1

STM-16

L-16.2 Le-16.2 V-16.2 U-16.2

D-11

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.1.4 Receiver Sensitivity (BER=1 x 10-10)


The receiver sensitivity refers to the minimum mean optical power received at the reference point R for achieving the stipulated bit error rate. The receiver sensitivity specification of OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-10.
Table D-10 Receiver sensitivity

STM levels

Optical interface type


Ie-1 I-1

Standard specs (dBm)


< 23 < 23 < 28 < 34 < 34 < 28 < 28 < 28 < 28 < 35 < 35 < 18 < 18 < 27 < 28 < 28 < 25 < 34

Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

STM-1

S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 I-4 S-4.1

STM-4

L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 Ue-4.2 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1

STM-16

L-16.2 Le-16.2 V-16.2 U-16.2

D-12

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.1.5 Receiver Overload Optical Power (BER=1 x 10-10)


The receiver overload optical power refers to the maximum average optical power received at referential point R for the specified BER. The receiver overload optical power specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-11.
Table D-11 Receiver overload optical power

STM levels

Optical interface type


Ie-1 I-1

Standard specs (dBm)


> 13 > 8 > 8 > 10 > 10 > 8 > 8 > 8 > 8 > 18 > 18 >0 >0 > 9 > 9 > 9 > 9 > 18

Test result
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

STM-1

S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 I-4 S-4.1

STM-4

L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 Ue-4.2 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1

STM-16

L-16.2 Le-16.2 V-16.2 U-16.2

D-13

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.1.6 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Optical Input Port


Since the long-term frequency stability of the internal oscillator in the Regenerator cannot be worse than 20 x 10-6 (20 ppm), the input port of the downstream SDH equipment should work properly with such signals. The specification of allowable frequency deviation at the optical input port of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-12.
Table D-12 Allowable frequency deviation at optical input port

STM levels
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16

Standard specs (ppm)


20 20 20

Test result Positive frequency Negative frequency variation variation


Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

D.1.7 AIS Rate at Optical Output Port


In case of faults such as loss of signal at the input port of the transmission equipment, AIS should be sent from the output port to the downstream nodes. The specification of AIS rate at the optical output port of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-13.
Table D-13 AIS rates at optical output port

STM levels
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16

Standard specs (ppm)


20 20 20

Test result
Pass Pass Pass

D-14

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.2 Specifications for Electrical

Interface
D.2.1 Signal Bit Rate at Output Port
It refers to the deviation between the actual output signal bit rate at the electrical interface and the nominal bit rate. The specifications of output port signal bit rate deviation of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-14.
Table D-14 Output port signal bit rate deviation

Types
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s

Output port AIS bit rate specs (ppm)


50 50 20 20 15 20

Output port AIS bit rate test result


Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

D.2.2 Attenuation Tolerance at Input Port


Cables (in compliance with the

f attenuation law) connected to the equipment

cause a certain degree of loss. The input port of the equipment should be able to receive the attenuated signal properly. The input port attenuation tolerance of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-15.
Table D-15 Attenuation tolerance at input port

Types
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s

Input attenuation tolerance (dB) specs


Not specified 06 012 Not specified 012

Input attenuation tolerance test result


Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

D-15

Major Specifications Types


155520 kbit/s

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Input attenuation tolerance (dB) specs


012.7

Input attenuation tolerance test result


Pass

D.2.3 Allowable Frequency Deviation at Input Port


The allowable frequency deviation for the input port is the maximum range of allowable input signal bit rate for the digital input port. The allowable input port frequency deviation specifications of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are given in Table D-16.
Table D-16 Allowable frequency deviation at input port

Frequency (kbit/s)
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s

Allowable input frequency deviation (ppm) Index specs


50 50 20 20 15 20

Allowable input frequency deviation test result Positive Negative frequency frequency variation variation
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

D.2.4 Anti-Interference Capability at Input Port


The input port is required to possess the anti-interference capability to safeguard against the electromagnetic interference on the transmission cable. The specification of input port anti-jamming capability of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-17.
Table D-17 Anti-jamming ability at input port

Frequency (kbit/s)
1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s

Input port anti-interference capability specs


18 dB 18 dB

Input port anti-interference ability test result


Pass Pass

D-16

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.2.5 Electrical Interface Protection Switching Time


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) supports E1/T1/E3/T3 and STM-1 electrical interface protection. The switching time refers to the time the switching takes when the protection mechanism is activated, as shown Table D-18.
Table D-18 Switching time

Electrical interface type


1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s 155520 kbit/s

Specs (ms)
50 50 50 50 50 50

D-17

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.3 ATM Interface Specifications


The specifications of the ATM interface unit comply with ATM FORUM (AF-UNI-011-047) standard, as shown in Table D-19.
Table D-19 OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) ATM optical interface specification

Interface parameters

Optical interface type

Scope
Min. launched power

Unit
dBm dBm

Numerical value
19 (62.5/125m, NA=0.275) 22.5 (50/125m, NA=0.20) 14 (62.5/125m, NA = 0.275) 14 (50/125m, NA = 0.20) 15 8

Ie-1 Optical power S-1.1 Max. launched power Min. launched power Max. launched power Ie-1 Central wavelength S-1.1 Ie-1 Overload optical power S-1.1 Receiver sensitivity Ie-1 S-1.1 Ie-1 Extinction ratio Nominal value Nominal value Nominal value p0: p1 p0: Optical power when the digital signal is all 0s p1: Optical power when the digital signal is all 1s Nominal value Nominal value dBm dBm dBm Max. value Min. value Max. value Min. value Nominal value nm nm nm nm dBm

1380 1270 1360 1261 >14 >8 <31 <31

S-1.1

<10%

Ie-1 Output jitter S-1.1

UI UI

B1 0.75 B2 0.15 B1 0.75 B2 0.15

D-18

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.4 Ethernet Interface Specifications


The optical interface specifications of the EGT board comply with IEEE 802.3z, as listed in Table D-20.
Table D-20 Gigabit Ethernet Optical Interface Specifications

Optical interface parameters

Interface type
1000BASE-SX

Scope
Min. launched optical power Max. launched optical power

Unit
dBm dBm dBm dBm nm nm nm nm dBm dBm dBm dBm dB dB

Numerical value
9.5 4 11.5 3 770 860 1355 1270 0 3 17 19 9 9

Optical power 1000BASE-LX

Min. launched optical power Max. launched optical power

1000BASE-SX Central wavelength 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX

Max. value Min. value Max. value Min. value

Overload optical power Receiver sensitivity

Max. value Max. value Min. value Min. value Min. value Min. value

Extinction ratio

D-19

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.5 Timing and Synchronization

Specifications
D.5.1 Output Jitter
Output jitter refers to the output jitter values under the situation when there is no input jitters for the equipment. The output jitter specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-21.
Table D-21 Output jitter

Timing source interfaces


1 2

Index of output jitter (UIpp)


0.05 0.05

Output jitter test result


Pass Pass

D.5.2 Output Frequency of Internal Oscillator in Free-run Mode


It is the output frequency precision of the free-run timing source in the equipment at any time. The specification of N internal clock output frequency precision of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-22.
Table D-22 Clock output frequency

Clock Specs (ppm) Interface


1 2 4.6 4.6

0 hours
Pass Pass

4 hours
Pass Pass

Output frequency deviation test result 8 12 16 20 24 hours hours hours hours hours
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Max. values
Pass Pass

D.5.3 Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode


The chronic phase variation is caused by factors such as temperature and ageing, which result in the gradual degradation of the output signal from the Master Clock. It is often indicated by the Maximum Time Interval Error (MTIE) and Time Deviation (TDEV). The chronic phase variation specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-23 and Table D-24.

D-20

Major Specifications
Table D-23 Long-term phase variation (MTIE)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Timing source Index interface specs MTIE


1 2 64.39ns 64.39ns

100s Test result


Pass Pass

300s Index specs


79.01ns 79.01ns

600s Index specs


90.76ns 90.76ns

1000s Index specs


100.52ns 100.52ns

Test result
Pass Pass

Test result
Pass Pass

Test result
Pass Pass

Table D-24 Long-term phase variation (TDEV)

Timing source interface TDEV


1 2

100s Index specs


6.4ns 6.4ns

300s Index specs


6.4ns 6.4ns

600s Index specs


6.4ns 6.4ns

1000s Index specs


6.4ns 6.4ns

Test result
Pass Pass

Test result
Pass Pass

Test result
Pass Pass

Test result
Pass Pass

D-21

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.6 Jitter Performance Specifications


D.6.1 Output Jitter of STM-N Interface
It is the inherent jitter from the STM-N optical output port without the input jitter at the synchronous input port involved. The duration of the jitter-testing time is more than 60 seconds. The STM-N interface output jitter specification of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-25.
Table D-25 Output jitter of STM-N interface

STM levels

Optical interface type


Ie-1 I-1

Optical output jitters (UIpp) B1 (f1f4) B2 (f3f4) Standard specs Test result Standard specs Test result
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

STM-1

S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 I-4 S-4.1

STM-4

L-4.1 L-4.2 Ve-4.2 Ue-4.2 S-16.1 S-16.2 L-16.1

STM-16

L-16.2 Le-16.2 V-16.2 U-16.2

D-22

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.6.2 Jitter Tolerance of SDH STM-N Input Port


The specifications of input jitter tolerance at STM-N interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-26 and Table D-27.
Table D-26 Input jitter tolerance at STM-N interface

STM level
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16

Jitters frequency f1 Index Test specs result (UI)


1.5 1.5 1.5 Pass Pass Pass

Jitter tolerance Jitters frequency f2 Jitters frequency f3 Index Index Test Test specs specs result result (UI) (UI)
1.5 1.5 1.5 Pass Pass Pass 0.15 0.15 0.15 Pass Pass Pass

Jitters frequency f4 Index Test specs result (UI)


0.15 0.15 0.15 Pass Pass Pass

Table D-27 Frequency of the filter for jitter measurement

STM level
STM-1 STM-4 STM-16

f1 (Hz)
500 1000 5000

f2 (kHz)
6.5 25 100

f3 (kHz)
65 250 1000

f4 (MHz)
1.3 5 20

D.6.3 Input Jitter Tolerance at PDH Tributary Interface


It is the amount of the least input jitter that can be endured by the PDH input port without degrading the equipment performance. The specifications of input jitter tolerance at PDH tributary interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-28 and Table D-29.

D-23

Major Specifications
Table D-28 Input jitter tolerance at PDH tributary interface

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Frequency (kbit/s)
2048 34368 44736 139264

Jitters frequency f1 Index Test specs result (UI)


1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Pass Pass Pass Pass

Jitter tolerance Jitters frequency f2 Jitters frequency f3 Index Index Test Test specs specs result result (UI) (UI)
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Pass Pass Pass Pass 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.07 Pass Pass Pass Pass

Jitters frequency f4 Index Test specs result (UI)


0.2 0.15 0.15 0.07 Pass Pass Pass Pass

Table D-29 Frequency of the filter for jitter measurement

Frequency (kbit/s)
1544 2048 34368 44736 139264

f1 (Hz)
1 20 100 100 200

f2 (kHz)
2.4 1 1 0.5

f3 (kHz)
8 18 10 30 10

f4 (kHz)
40 100 800 400 3500

D.6.4 Mapping Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface


The mapping jitter is caused mainly by factors such as the adjustment of the speed of the asynchronous mapping code. The specifications of mapping jitter at PDH tributary interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-30.
Table D-30 Mapping jitter at PDH tributary interface

PDH interface type


1544 kbit/s

f1 High-pass
10 Hz 20 dB/dec

Filter characteristics f3 f4 High-pass Low-pass


8 kHz 40 kHz 20 dB/dec 18 kHz (700 Hz) 20 dB/dec 10 kHz 20 dB/dec 100 kHz 20 dB/dec 800 kHz 20 dB/dec

Max. peak-peak jitter Mapping jitter f1f4 f3f4


0.4 UI 0.1 UI

2048 kbit/s

20 Hz 20 dB/dec

0.4 UI

0.075 UI

34368 kbit/s

100 Hz 20 dB/dec

0.4 UI

0.075 UI

D-24

Major Specifications Filter characteristics f3 f4 High-pass Low-pass


30 kHz 400 kHz 20 dB/dec 139264 kbit/s 200 Hz 20 dB/dec 10 kHz 20 dB/dec 3500 kHz 20 dB/dec 0.4 UI

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Max. peak-peak jitter Mapping jitter f1f4 f3f4


0.4 UI 0.1 UI

PDH interface type


44736 kbit/s

f1 High-pass
10 Hz

0.075 UI

D.6.5 Combined Jitter at PDH Tributary Interface


This refers to the jitter combination of the mapping jitter and the jitter caused by the pointer justification. The specification of combined jitter at PDH tributary interface of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-31, Table D-32, and Table D-33.
Table D-31 Combined jitter at PDH tributary interface (a)

PDH interface type


1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s

Reverse polarity single pointer (point a) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typical Standard Typical specs value specs value
To be studied 0.4 0.4 To be studied

Regular pointers plus one double pointer (pointer b) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typical Standard Typical specs value specs value
To be studied 0.4 0.4 To be studied 0.4 1.5 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4 To be studied 0.075 0.075 To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

1.5
0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4

To be studied 0.075 0.075 To be studied 0.075

0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

139264 kbit/s 0.4

D-25

Major Specifications
Table D-32 Combined jitter at PDH tributary interface (b)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

PDH interface type


1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s

Reverse polarity single pointer (point c) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typica Standard Typical specs l value specs value
To be studied 0.4 0.4 To be studied 1.5 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4 To be studied 0.075 0.075 To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

Regular pointers plus one double pointer (pointer d) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Typical Standard Typical specs value specs value
To be studied To be studied 0.4 To be studied 0.4 1.5 0.35 0.4 0.4 0.4 To be studied To be studied 0.075 To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

139264 kbit/s 0.4

D-26

Major Specifications
Table D-33 Combined jitter at PDH tributary interface (c)

OptiX 2500+ TM

PDH interface type


1544 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s 34368 kbit/s 44736 kbit/s 139264 kbit/s

87-3 cycle pointer (point G1) (UIpp) B1 B2 Standard Standard Typical Standard specs specs value specs
To be studied To be studied To be studied 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.35 To be studied To be studied To be studied To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.070

87-3 cycle pointers plus one double pointer 87-3 cycle pointers plus one double pointer (pointer G2) (UIpp) (pointer G3) (UIpp) B1 B2 B1 B2 Typical Typical Standard Typical Standard Typical Standard Typical value value specs value specs value specs value
To be studied To be studied To be studied 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.35 To be studied To be studied To be studied To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.07 To be studied To be studied To be studied 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.35 To be studied To be studied To be studied To be studied 0.075 0.075 0.070

D-27

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.7 EMC Test Specifications


The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is designed in accordance with the ETS300 386 series and ETS 300127 standards stipulated by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) , and has passed the EMC-related tests. The EMC-related test specifications of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are given in Table D-34.
Table D-34 EMC test result

Test item
Conducted emission Radiated emission Electrostatic discharge Immunity to radiated elecromagnetic fields Electrical transient/burst immunity Inject current immunity

Reference Standard
EN55022 Class A EN55022 Class A IEC1000-4-2 (Air Discharge:8 kV;Contact Discharge:6 kV) IEC1000-4-3 (10 V/m) IEC1000-4-4 (2 kV) IEC1000-4-6 (3 V)

Test results
PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS

D-28

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.8 Environmental Test


Under the environmental stress, the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is tested for environmental adaptability. Environmental adaptability: 24 hours of continuous operation at a high temperature of +45C and subsequent 24 hours of continuous operation in a low temperature of 0C. The environmental test results of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) are listed in Table D-35.
Table D-35 OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) high-temperature and low-temperature environmental test results

Items
L-1.1 Optical receiver sensitivity S-4.1 L-16.1 L-1.1 Average optical power S-4.1 L-16.1 Clock frequency E1 E3 T3 24-hour bit error STM-1 (electrical) STM-1 (optical) STM-4 STM-16

Index specs
<34 dBm <28 dBm <27 dBm 0 to 5 dBm 15 to 8 dBm 2 to +3 dBm 6 ppm None None None None None None None

Test results Low temperature 0C High temperature +45C


Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

D-29

Major Specifications

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

D.9 Vibration Test


The vibration test is intended to test the vibration adaptability of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000). In accordance with the GB/T13543-92 of Environmental Test Methods For Digital Communications Equipment, the test was conducted with a 10200 Hz sinusoidal scan vibration on the equipment. The test duration was 30 minutes. The scan speed was 1 Oct/min in X, Y and Z directions and the acceleration was 2 g. After the test, the structure of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) equipment experienced no distortion, and the boards were well fixed and did not get loosened or fall off from their slots. The vibration test result of the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is given in Table D-36.
Table D-36 Vibration test result

Items
AF-UNI-011-047 Optical receiver sensitivity L-1.1 S-4.1 L-16.1 AF-UNI-011-047 Average optical power L-1.1 S-4.1 L-16.1 Clock frequency E1 E3 T3 24-hour bit error

Index specs
<29 dBm <34 dBm <28 dBm <27 dBm 20 to 14 dBm 0 to 5 dBm 15 to 8 dBm 2 to +3 dBm 2 to +3 dBm None None None

X Vibration orientation
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Test results Y Vibration orientation


Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

Z Vibration orientation
Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

STM-1 (electrical) None STM-1 (optical) STM-4 STM-16 None None None

D-30

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

E Alarm Signal Flow Diagrams

E-1

Alarm Signal Flow Diagrams

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

RST LOS/LOF (J0) (B1) (K2) (B2) (M1) (K2) RS-TIM BIP Err. MS-AIS MS-BIP Err. MS-REI MS-RDI "1"

MST

MSA

HPT

HPA

LPT

AIS

"1"

AIS

AU-AIS AU-LOP HP-UNEQ HP-TIM

"1" "1" AIS

(C2) (J1) (B3) (G1) (G1)

HP-BIP Errr. HP-REI HP-RDI TU-AIS TU-LOP LOM HP-SLM LP-UNEQ LP-TIM LP-BIP Err. LP-REI LP-RDI LP-SLM "1" AIS "1" AIS "1"

(H4) (C2) (V5) (J2) (V5) (V5) (V5) (V5)

Indicating that corresponding alarm or signal is generated Indicating that corresponding alarm is detected

Figure E-1 SDH alarm signal flow diagram

E-2

Alarm Signal Flow Diagrams

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

PHY
PMD SECTION
LOS/LOF "1" AIS LAIS

ATM
TC PATH VP VC

LINE

"1" AIS

LRDI "1" LOP AIS AIS "1"

PAIS

AIS PRDI

LCD VPAIS VPRDI VCAIS

AIS

AIS

F1

F2

F3

F4

F5

Figure E-2 ATM alarm signal flow diagram

E-3

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

F Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym and Abbreviation


ADM AIS APS ATM AU AU-AIS AU-LOP AU-NPJE AU-PPJE AUG AUP B-ISDN BITS CAC CBR

Meaning
Add/Drop Multiplexer Alarm Indication Signal Automatic Protection Switching Asynchronous Transfer Mode Administration Unit AU - Alarm Indication Signal AU - Loss Of Pointer AU - Pointer Negative Justification AU - Pointer Positive Justification Administration Unit Group Administration Unit Pointer Broadband - Integrated Services Digital Networks Built -In Timing System Connection Admission Control Constant Bit Rate

F-1

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


CC CDV CDVT CER CLP CLR CRC CSES CTD DCC DCN DLP DXC ECC EMC EMI EMS EPD ESD ESR ETSI FEBE FECN FR GE GFC GNE HCS

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


Connectivity Check Cell Delay Variation Cell Delay Variation Tolerance Cell Error Ratio Cell Loss Priority Cell Loss Ratio Cyclic Redundancy Check Continuous Severely Errored Second Cell Transfer Delay Data Communication Channel Data Communication Network Delay Priority Digital Cross-Connect Embedded Control Channel Electro-Magnetic Compatibility Electro-Magnetic Interference Electro-Magnetic Susceptibility Early Packet Discard Electro-Static Discharge Errored Second Ratio European Telecommunication Standards Institute Far End Block Error Forward Explicit Congestion Notification Frame Relay Gigabit Ethernet Generic Flow Control Gateway Network Element Higher order Connection Supervision

F-2

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


HDB3 HDLC HEC HFC HP-RDI HP-REI HPA HPC HPT HRDS IP ISDN ISO ISUP ITU ITU-T

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


High Density Bipolar of order 3 code High Level Data Link Control Header Error Control Hybrid Fiber/Coaxial Cable Higher order Path Remote Defect Indication Higher order Path Remote Error Indication Higher-order Path Adaptation Higher-order Path Connection Higher-order Path Termination Hypothetical Reference Digital Section Internet Protocol Integrated Services Digital Networks International Organization for Standardization ISDN User Part International Telecommunication Union International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector Local Area Network Link Access Protocol-Balanced Light Emitting Diode Loss Of Frame Loss Of Pointer Loss Of Signal Lower-order Path Adaptation Lower-order Path Connection Lower-order Path Termination Line Processing Unit Laser Bias Current Monitor

LAN LAPB LED LOF LOP LOS LPA LPC LPT LPU LSBCM

F-3

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


LU MAC MBS MC MCF MCR MIB MID MLM MN-NES MN-RMS MPU MS-AIS MS-RDI MSA MSAIS MSOH MSP MST MTIE MTP MTU N-ISDN NAS NE NMS NNI NPC

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


Line Unit Media Access Control Maximum Burst Size Maintenance Control Message Communication Function Minimum Cell Rate Management Information Base Message Identification Multi-Longitudinal Mode MN-Network Element System MN-Regional Management System Main Processing Unit Multiplexer Section - Alarm Indication Signal Multiplexer Section - Remote Defect Indication Multiplexer Section Adaptation Multi-Section Alarm Insertion Signal Multiplexer Section Overhead Multiplexer Section Protection Multiplexer Section Termination Maximum Time Interval between Errors Message Transfer Part Maximum Transmission Unit Narrow-band Integrated Services Digital Network Narrowband Access Server Network Element Network Management System Network Node Interface (Network-to-Network) Network Parameter Control

F-4

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


NSAP nrt-VBR OAM OAM&P OHA ONU OOF OS OSC OSI PCR PDH PM PMP POH POS PPD PPI PPP PTP PVC PVP QoS RDI REG RIP RMS RSOH

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


Network Service Access Point non-real time - Variable Bit Rate Operations, Administration and Maintenance Operation, Administration, Maintenance & Provisioning Overhead Access Optical Network Unit Out Of Frame Operating System Oscillator Open Systems Interconnection Peak Cell Rate Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Performance Management Point to Multi-Point Path Overhead Packet Over SDH/SONET Partial Packet Discard PDH Physical Interface Point to Point Protocol Point To Point Permanent Virtual Channel Permanent Virtual Path Quality of Service Remote Defect Indication Regenerator Routing Information Protocol Root Mean Square Regenerator Section Overhead

F-5

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


RST Rt-VBR SAR SCC SCR SD SDH SDLC SEC SECBR SEMF SES SESR SETPI SETS SMS SNMP SOH SONET SPI SPVC SPVP STG STM-N STP STS-N SVC SVP

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


Regenerator Section Termination real time - Variable Bit Rate Segmentation And Reassembly System Control & Communication Sustainable Cell Rate Signal Degradation Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Synchronous Data Link Control SDH Equipment Clock Severely Errored Cell Block Ratio Synchronous Equipment Management Function Severely Errored Second Severely Errored Second Ratio Synchronous Equipment Timing Physical Interface Synchronous Equipment Timing Source SDH Management Sub-Network Simple Network Management Protocol Section Overhead Synchronous Optical Network SDH Physical Interface Switched Permanent Virtual Channel Switched Permanent Virtual Path Synchronous Timing Generator Synchronous Transport Module- level N Signaling Transfer Point Synchronous Transport Signal level N Switched Virtual Channel Switched Virtual Path

F-6

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


TPS TC TCP/IP TDEV TDM TF TIM TM TMN TS TSI TU TU-LOM TUG TUP UAT UBR UITS UNEQ UNI UPC UTOPIA VBR VC VC VC VC

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


Tributary Protection Switching Transmission Convergence Sub-layer Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Time Deviation Time Division Multiplexing Transmit Failure Trace Identifier Mismatch Termination Multiplexer Telecommunication Management Network Traffic Shaping Time Slot Interchange Tributary Unit TU-Loss Of Multi-frame Tributary Unit Group Tributary Unit Pointer Unavailable Time Unspecified Bit Rate Unacknowledged Information Transfer Service Unequipped User Network Interface Usage Parameter Control Universal Test & Operations Physical Interface for ATM Variable Bit Rate Virtual Connection Virtual Circuit Virtual Container Virtual Channel

F-7

Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronym and Abbreviation


VCC VCI VCL VLAN VP VPC VPI VPL VPN VPU WAN XC

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Meaning


Virtual Channel Connection Virtual Channel Identifier Virtual Channel Link Virtual Local Area Network Virtual Path Virtual Path Connection Virtual Path Identifier Virtual Path Link Virtual Private Network Virtual Process Unit Wide Area Network Cross-Connection Unit

F-8

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

G Traverse Compatibility

The OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) is designed completely in accordance with the ITU-T recommendations and standards for SDH stipulated by the ATM Forum, as shown in Table G-1. Therefore, it features good traverse compatibility.
Table G-1 Recommendations and standards with which the OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) complies

Standards and protocols


ITU-T G.691 ITU-T G.703 ITU-T G.704 ITU-T G.707 ITU-T G.751

Description
Optical interfaces for single channel STM-64, STM-256 systems and other SDH systems with optical amplifiers Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44736 kbit/s hierarchical levels Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Digital multiplex equipments operating at the third order bit rate of 34 368 kbit/s and the fourth order bit rate of 139 264 kbit/s and using positive justification Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment functional blocks Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)

ITU-T G.783 ITU-T G.784 ITU-T G.803 ITU-T G.813

G-1

Traverse Compatibility Standards and protocols


ITU-T G.823 ITU-T G.825 ITU-T G.826 ITU-T G.841 ITU-T G.842 ITU-T G.921 ITU-T G.957 ITU-T G.958 TMF509 Sif99025 ITU-T X.903 ITU-T X.86(2001) ITU-T X.733 ITU-T X.722 ITU-T X.721 ITU-T X.720 ITU-T Q.822 ITU-T Q.821 ITU-T Q.812 ITU-T Q.811 ITU-T M.3400 ITU-T M.3100 ITU-T M.3010 ITU-T I.732(1996) ITU-T I.731(1996)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Description


The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) Error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate Types and characteristics of SDH network protection architectures Interworking of SDH network protection architectures Digital sections based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy Digital line systems based on the synchronous digital hierarchy for use on optical fibre cables EML-NML interface sub-network model EML-NML interface models Open distributed processing - Reference Model: Architecture Technical requirements for transmitting LAPS on Ethernet on Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Data network fault management Guidelines for the definition of managed objects Definition of management information Management information model Stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 description for the Q3 interface - Performance management Stage 2 and stage 3 description for the Q3 interface-Alarm surveillance Upper layer protocol profiles for the Q3 interfaces Lower layer protocol profiles for the Q3 and X interfaces TMN management functions Generic network information model Principles for a Telecommunications Management Network ATM equipment functional features Types and general features of ATM equipment

G-2

Traverse Compatibility Standards and protocols


ITU-T I.432(1999) ITU-T I.361(1999) ITU-T I.150(1999) ITU-T G.854.6 ITU-T G.854.3 ITU-T G.854.1 ITU-T G.853.6 ITU-T G.853.3 ITU-T G.853.2 ITU-T G.853.1 ITU-T G.852.6 ITU-T G.852.3 ITU-T G.852.2 ITU-T G.852.1 ITU-T G.851.1 ITU-T G.773 IETF RFC2615 IETF RFC1662 IETF RFC1661 IEEE802.2/3(1998) IEEE802.1q(1998) IEEE802.1d(1998)

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM Description


Specification of User-Network Interface layer of B-ISDN B-ISDN ATM layer specification Functional features of B-ISDN Asynchronous Transfer Mode Route management - computational viewpoint Topology management- computational viewpoint Management of the transport network - Computational interfaces for basic transport network model Trail management Information viewpoint Topology management Information viewpoint Subnetwork connection management information viewpoint Common elements of the information viewpoint for the management of a transport network Enterprise viewpoint for route management Enterprise viewpoint for topology management Enterprise viewpoint description of transmission network resource model Management of the transport network - Enterprise viewpoint for simple subnetwork connection management Management of the transport network - Application of the RM-ODP framework Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission systems PPP over SONET/SDH PPP in quasi-HDLC frame Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) LAN protocol standard Virtual bridge-connection LAN Media Access Control (MAC) protocol

G-3

Index

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM

Index
network transmission, 3-20 sharing bandwidth, 3-18 auxiliary interface, 1-7

Numerics
1:N protection 1:N line protection, 3-41 electrical interface, 2-33 1+1 protection 1+1 line protection, 3-40 cross-connect unit, 2-33 synchronous timing unit, 2-33 10/100M Ethernet service Ethernet service transmission, 3-26 mapping mode, 3-21 service security guarantee, 3-24 VLAN-based flow control, 3-22 VLAN-based subscriber management, 3-24

B
backbone layer, 1-1 board configuration ADM, 3-5 extended subrack configuration, 3-6 hybrid configuration, 3-8 TM, 3-4 board,power consumption, C-6 built-in Ethernet ring, 1-6

C
cabinet dimensions, 4-2, C-7 weight, 4-2, C-7 capacity expansion capability, 1-8 clock synchronization performance, 1-8 clock synchronous network technology clock tracking, 2-40 synchronous status information, 2-39 clock tracking external BITS failure, 2-42 normal state, 2-41 optical fiber breakage, 2-42 configuration access capability, 3-1 configuration mode, 3-3 configuration mode board configuration, 3-4 board slot assignment, 3-3 cabinet configuration principle, 3-3 optical amplification board, 3-11

A
abbreviation, F-1 access capacity, 1-6 access layer, 1-1 acronym, F-1 ADM, 1-4 appearance. see also structure ATM alarm signal, E-3 cell structure, B-1 ATM interface specification, D-18 ATM interface unit AL1, 2-8 AOO1, 2-8 AOQ1, 2-8 ATM layer protection, 2-37 ATM service access bandwidth convergence, 3-17

Huawei Technologies Proprietary i-1

Index
protection configuration, 3-9

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
ET1, 2-9 Ethernet service 10/100M Ethernet service. Gigabit Ethernet service. Ethernet service transmission multi-point-to-multi-point, 3-33 point-to-multi-point, 3-28 point-to-point, 3-26 expansion, capacity, 1-8 extended subrack OptiX 155/622(Metro2050), 3-6 OptiX 2500+(Metro3000), 3-7

D
DDN interface unit DM12, 2-19 DX1, 2-19 function, 2-19 DDN service, 1-6 DDN-incorportated SDH network, 3-38 implementation, 3-38 dimensions cabinet, 4-2, C-7 subrack, 4-4, C-7

F
functional architecture, 2-1 functional unit ATM interface unit, 2-8 auxiliary interface unit, 2-31 auxiliary power backup unit, 2-31 DDN interface unit, 2-19 Ethernet interface unit, 2-9 overhead processing unit, 2-29 PDH interface unit, 2-16 SCC, 2-26 SDH cross-connect matrix unit, 2-22 SDH interface unit, 2-13 synchronous timing unit, 2-25 tone&data access unit, 2-20

E
electrical interface allowable frequency deviation, D-16 anti-interference capability, D-16 attenuation tolerance, D-15 combined jitter, D-25 input jitter tolerance, D-23 mapping jitter, D-24 protection switching time, D-17 signal bit rate, D-15 electromagnetic compatibility, C-8 EMC performance, 1-8 environment for storage air cleanness, C-10 biological environment, C-10 climate, C-9 mechanical stress, C-11 waterproof requirement, C-10 environmental requirement environment for storage, C-9 environmental index, C-9 operation environment, C-14 transportation environment, C-12 equipment-level protection 1+1 and 1:N protection, 2-32 power unit protection, 2-34 processing board protection, 2-32 SDH cross-connect matrix protection, 2-33 specific service protection, 2-34 synchronous timing protection, 2-33 TPS protection, 2-32 Ethernet interface unit EFS0, 2-11 EFT, 2-13 EGT, 2-11 EGT2, 2-12 EMF4, 2-12 EMF8, 2-12 EMS1, 2-10 EMT8, 2-12

G
GE optical interface specification, D-19 Gigabit Ethernet service LAPS encapsulation, 3-25 SDH size flow control, 3-26 transparent transmission, 3-34

I
in-service upgrade, 2-44 interconnecting service protection DNI nodes in MSP ring, 3-49 DNI nodes in PP ring, 3-50 interface ATM interface, C-2 auxiliary interface, C-4 clock interface, C-4 DDN interface, C-3 Ethernet interface, C-2 PDH interface, C-2 SDH electrical interface, C-2 SDH optical interface, C-2 type, C-1 interface jitter performance, 1-8 IU processing board, 2-1

Huawei Technologies Proprietary i-2

Index

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
STM-1 interface parameters, D-3 STM-4 interface parameters, D-5

L
line protection switching 1:N line protection, 3-41 1+1 line protection, 3-40 LTU processing board, 2-1

P
PDH interface access capacity, 1-7 PDH interface unit E1/T1 interface board, 2-18 E3/T3 interface board, 2-19 PD1, 2-17 PL3, 2-18 PM1, 2-17 PQ1, 2-17 PQM, 2-17 protection characteristic, 2-17 PDH service chain network, 3-12 hybrid network, 3-15 ring network, 3-13 POH VC-12 POH byte, A-8 VC-3/VC-4/VC-4-xc POH byte, A-8 power monitoring function, 1-13 power source requirement, C-6 power supply, 1-13 PP ring introduction, 2-36 two-fiber bidirection PP ring, 3-42 two-fiber unidirection PP ring, 3-41 processing capability asynchronous data, 1-13 ATM service, 1-9 ECC, 1-8 EFS0, 1-11 EFT, 1-11 EGT, 1-11 EGT2, 1-11 EMS1, 1-10 ET1, 1-10 Ethernet service, 1-10 tone&data, 1-13 protection configuration existing two protection scheme, 3-10 PDH interface board, 3-9 protection scheme, 3-11 STM-1 electrical interface board, 3-9 protection mechanism, 1-12

M
MADM, 1-4 MANs, 1-1 MSP chain, 2-35 MSP ring four-fiber MSP ring, 3-47 introduction, 2-35 two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, 3-44 two-fiber unidirectional MSP ring, 3-46 MSTP, 1-1 multi-system capability, 1-9 multi-system NE structure, 1-4

N
networking ATM service, 3-17 DDN service, 3-36 Ethernet service, 3-21 PDH service, 3-12 self-healing protection, 3-40 networking capability, 1-11 network-level protection ATM layer service protection, 2-37 Ethernet service protection, 2-38 interconnected network protection, 2-36 SDH trail protection, 2-35 SNCP, 2-36 virtual optical fiber protection ring, 2-37

O
OA&M, 1-2 operation environment air cleanness, C-15 biological environment, C-15 climate, C-14 mechanical stress, C-16 optical interface AIS rate, D-14 allowable frequency deviation, D-14 classification, D-1 extinction ratio, D-11 jitter tolerance, D-23 mean launched power, D-10 output jitter, D-22 receiver overload optical power, D-13 receiver sensitivity, D-12

R
REG, 1-4 ring network protection four-fiber MSP ring, 3-47 two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring, 3-44 two-fiber bidirectional PP ring, 3-42 two-fiber unidirectional MSP ring, 3-46

Huawei Technologies Proprietary i-3

Index
two-fiber unidirectional PP ring, 3-41

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
SSM management function, 1-13 STM-16 optical interface, 1-7 STM-16 optical interface parameter, D-6 STP, 2-38 structure cabinet structure, 4-2 fan box structure, 4-6 subrack structure, 4-4 subrack back view, 4-5 dimension, C-7 dimensions, 4-4 front view, 4-4 weight, 4-4, C-7 synchronous timing unit interface, 2-25 SSM function, 2-25 timing source, 2-26 working mode, 2-26 system architecture, 1-3 auxiliary interface, 1-3 control&communication, 1-3 cross-connect capacity, 1-3 features, 1-6 functionality, 1-9 interface, 1-3 introduction, 1-1 NE structure, 1-4 networkwide solution, 1-1 NM structure, 1-5 overhead processing, 1-3

S
SCC functionality and principle, 2-26 message communication function, 2-28 software function, 2-28 synchronous equipment management function, 2-27 SDH alarm signal, E-2 cross-connection capacity, C-5 frame structure, A-3 level, A-1 multiplexing structure, A-2 transmission rate, A-1 SDH cross-connect matrix unit add/drop, 2-23 broadcast, 2-23 cross-connect, 2-25 cross-connect function, 2-22 direct connection, 2-22 loopback, 2-24 SDH interface unit checking physical interface parameter, 2-16 S16, 2-13 SDE, 2-15 SPQ4, 2-15 SQE, 2-15 SDH trail protection MSP chain, 2-35 MSP ring, 2-35 PP ring, 2-36 self-healing protection interconnecting service protection, 3-49 line protection switching, 3-40 ring network protection, 3-41 shared fiber virtual path protection, 3-53 SNCP, 3-51 subnetwork connection multi-trail protection, 3-57 VP ring protection, 3-53 service configuration, 1-7 service interface, 1-6 slot assignment, 2-2 SNCP, 2-36, 3-51 SOH byte, A-6 STM-1, A-4 STM-16, A-6 STM-4, A-4 specific service protection checking board temperature, 2-34 over-voltage and under-voltage protection, 2-34 power backup function, 2-34 software loading protection, 2-34

T
Test EMC, D-28 environment, D-29 vibration, D-30 timing and synchronization interface internal oscillator output frequency, D-20 long-term phase variation, D-20 output jitter, D-20 TM, 1-4 TM NE system, 1-4 tone&data accesss unit data interface, 2-21 E1 interface, 2-21 function, 2-20 tone interface, 2-21 tone&data interface transfer board, 2-20 TPS protection, 2-32 transportation environment air cleanness, C-12 biological environment, C-12 climate, C-12

Huawei Technologies Proprietary i-4

Index
mechanical stress, C-14 waterproof requirement, C-12 traverse compatibility, G-1

OptiX 2500+(Metro3000) TM
protected object, 3-53 VP ring layered protection, 3-56 VP ring protection, 3-54 VP ring protection implementation, 3-55

U
ultra long-haul transmission solution, 1-7 upgrade,in-service, 2-44

W
weight cabinet, 4-2, C-7 subrack, 4-4, C-7

V
VP ring protection

Huawei Technologies Proprietary i-5

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