Health and the Individual

By Bassem Toeama,MD References: Administrative & clinical procedures for the Canadian health professional

Learning objectives
Health and wellness Health beliefs and health behavior Dimensions of wellness Health-illness continuum Responses to stages of illness Effects of hospitalization

Health and wellness

Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Wellness
Optimal well-being that adds to your quality of life. Wellness is more important than just freedom from disease or illness. Wellnes includes a multitude of dimensions including Mental health, Physical health, Social health, Intellectual and Spiritual health.

Wellness
The positive aspects of all these different dimensions that can help expand your potential to live and work effectively. Wellness is possible for everyone, regardless of whether you have a diagnosed disease. Wellness can be referred to as "Quality of Life"

Dimensions of wellness

Wellness Wheel

physical
Genetic inheritance Age Gender

Intellectual dimension
Cognitive abilities Educational background Past experiences

Emotional dimension
How the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions

Socio-cultural dimension
Economic level Lifestyle Family culture

Spiritual dimension

We are not human beings

having spiritual experience

We are spiritual beings

having human experience

Environmental dimension
Housing Sanitation Climate pollution

Health beliefs & behavior

behavior
Actions and reactions to people, situations, and emotions Behavior can change with stress Illness is stress Illness can affect behavior, not only to the ill person, but also to people who are close to him

Health belief
Factors influencing health belief Locus of control Attitudes to treatment options

Locus of control
peoples' perceptions about why they do the things they do and, by extension, why things are the way they are - at work, and in life

I control my destiny
The more we believe that our behavior is guided by our personal decisions and efforts, the more of an internal Locus of Control we can say we have.

Others control my destiny

The more we believe that our behavior is guided by fate, luck, or other external circumstances, the more of an external Locus of Control it can be said we have.

Smoking Alcohol Food habits Exercise Life style in general

Attitudes to treatment options

some surrender to the power of doctors Some dont believe in them

 Health beliefs influence health behavior

Health behavior
All the things a person does to stay healthy

Illness behavior
Peoples actions and reactions in response to illness

The Sick Role

a term used in medical sociology concerning the social aspects of falling ill and the privileges and obligations that accompany it.[1] It is a concept created by

Talcott Parsons in 1951

The Sick Role

Rights:
The sick person is exempt from normal social roles The sick person is not responsible for their condition

Obligations:
The sick person should try to get well The sick person should seek technically competent help and cooperate with the medical professional in 1951 Talcott Parsons

Stages of illness response

Preliminary phase (Ignore) Acknowledgment phase ( admit, no action) Action phase (seek medical advice) Transitional phase (accept or reject diagnosis, treatment Resolution phase (cure, adjustment, or death)

 http://www.fitnessandhealthblog.com/healt hy-living/what-is-the-difference-betweenhealth-and-wellness

Morbidity & Mortality

Morbidity & Mortality in Canada

Cardiovascular disease Cancer, Respiratory & GI diseases

Health-illness continuum
individual's state of health is one of continu al change. He moves back &forth from health to illnes s and back to health again. His condition is rar ely constant.

Health illness continuum

 Health, just as life itself, is a process of continual change We must continually adapt to these changes in our lives in order to maintain well-being. It is our adaptation or response to that change rather than the change itself that affects our health

Personality traits

Health status

Health status and confidentiality

Make sure you are allowed to give information Critical Guarded Stable Satisfactory Good

Role of MOA and other team members Understanding

Understanding

Understanding