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Black Oil Properties

Lesson Outcome
By the end of the class, students should be able to; y , ; Define, Discuss and Determine ;
Oil specific gravity Oil formation volume factor, Bo g , Solution gas-oil ratio, Rs or GOR Total formation volume factor, Bt Properties obtained using Black Oil correlations
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Total Formation Volume Factor, Bt

The Bt is the volume in barrels that 1.0 stock tank barrel and its initial complement of dissolved gas occupies at reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. Also called Two-phase formation volume factor and can be calculated as follow:

Bt = Bo + Bg ( R sb R s )
Units
Rsb = the solution gas to oil ratio at the bubble point.

bbl/STB + bbl/SCF * (SCF/STB)

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Total Formation Volume Factor, Bt

Pb Oil Hg Bob Gas Oil Hg
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Bg(Rsb-Rs)

Bo

Total Formation Volume Factor, Bt

Bt = Bo + Bg ( R sb R s )

Bo, Bt

Bt Bt=Bo Pb Reservoir Pressure Bo

Example 6
Exactly one stock-tank barrel was placed in a laboratory cell. 768 scf of gas was added. C ll t f f dd d Cell temperature was raised t 220F th t i d to 220F, the cell was agitated to attain equilibrium between gas and liquid, and pressure was raised until the final bubble of gas disappeared. At that point cell volume was 1.474 barrels and pressure was 2620 psig. Pressure in the cell was reduced to 2253 psig by increasing total ll l t t l cell volume t 1 569 b to 1.569 barrels. At th t point th oil volume i th l that i t the il l in the cell was 1.418 barrels and the gas volume in the cell was 0.151 barrels. Calculate the total formation volume factor at 2253 psig.

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil

Pressures Above the Bubble-Point Pressure The definition of the coefficient of isothermal compressibility at pressures above the bubble point is

Co =

1 V V P

By substituting the formation volume factor and integrating co, the oil compressibility can be calculated using the following:

This equation assumes the compressibility does not change with pressure above the bubble point.

Example 7
A sample of reservoir oil was placed in a laboratory cell at 5000 psig and 220F. The volume was 59.55 cc. Pressure was reduced to 4000 psig by increasing the oil volume to 60.37 cc. Calculate the coefficient of isothermal compressibi1it)i for this oil at cell conditions.

The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil

Pressures below the Bubble-Point Pressure When reservoir pressure is below bubble-point pressure, the situation is much different. The volume of the reservoir liquid decreases as pressure is reduced. However, the reservoir volume occupied by the mass that was originally liquid increases due to the evolution of gas. The change in liquid volume may be represented by

This equation assumes the compressibility changes with pressure below the bubble point.

Oil Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow exerted by a fluid This is called dynamic viscosity and has units of centipoise Factors affecting oil viscosity 1. Temperature 2. Pressure 2 P 3. Amount of dissolved gas

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Variation of Oil Viscosity

T = constant Oil Viscosity

Gas Out of Solution

Two Phase Flow

Single Phase Flow

Pb
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Separation and Storage Facilities

Production Well

HC Gas Injection from Pipeline or Recycle

Injection Well

Oil Zone

2 Miscible Front

Oil Bank /

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Questions ?

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