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    JSTL encapsulates the core functionality which is common to many web applications. The JSTL have tags for loop statement, If Else statement etc. It removes the burden of writing long java codes.

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    JSTL encapsulates the core functionality which is common to many web applications. The JSTL have tags for loop statement, If Else statement etc. It removes the burden of writing long java codes.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    42 views10 pages

    JSTL Core Tags

    Uploaded by

    govindbirajdar
    JSTL encapsulates the core functionality which is common to many web applications. The JSTL have tags for loop statement, If Else statement etc. It removes the burden of writing long java codes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10

    JSTL Core Tags

    JSTL Core Tags


    The JSTL encapsulates the core functionality which is common to many web applications. The JSTL provides a single set of tags instead of mixing many set of tags. The JSTL have tags for loop statement, If Else statement etc. It removes the burden of writing long java codes. Please go through the tutorial of JSTL given below. In the second part of this tutorial on JSTL, the author explains how the tags in the core-group can be used in JSP pages, with a number of simple examples. We are now ready to experiment with all the tags in the 'core' library. The core tags have the following uniform 'uri'. Following are the tutorials of JSTL Core Tags:
    AN INTRODUCTION TO JSTL Posted on: May 5, 2011 at 12:00 AM In this tutorial you will learn about the JSTL of JSP AN INTRODUCTION TO JSTL In the second part of this tutorial on JSTL, the author explains how the tags in the core-group can be used in JSP pages, with a number of simple examples. We are now ready to experiment with all the tags in the ?core? library. The core tags have the following uniform ?uri?. ?http://java.sun.com/jstl/core' ( However, in the book by Hans Bergsten titled,"Java Server Pages" ( third edition), (OReilly pub)the uri is consistently given as : 'http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core'.It looks as if there has been some change in specification and grammar, after it was published! This appears to be wrong as the server threw 'http://java.sun.com/jstl/core'.) The prefix is ?c:? The following tags are available in the ?core? library. ( Remember them as a dozen!). <c:set <c:out <c:if test= ? <c:choose , <c:when , <c:otherwise <c:forEach <c:forTokens <c:import <c:url
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    exception.The correct uri is :

    JSTL Core Tags


    <c:redirect <c:param ----------------------------------------------We will now see simplest illustrations for the above tags.There are a dozen demos, to bring out the features of each of these tags. --------------------------------------demo1.jsp uses <c:set & <c:out tags.

    :We create demo1.jsp as: e:\tomcat5\webapps\root\demo1.jsp ----------------------------------------// demo1.jsp

    <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <html> <body bgcolor=lightblue> <form method=post action="demo1.jsp"> NAME <input type=text name="text1"><br> PLACE<input type=text name="text2"><br> <input type=submit> </form> NAME:<c:out value="${param.text1}" /><br> PLACE:<c:out value="${param.text2}" /> </body> </html> ---------------------------------------------In all the previous examples, we invoked the JSP file through a html file. But, in demo1.jsp, we are posting the page to itself.( in asp.net style!).( but there is no 'retention of data' , unlike asp.net). We start Tomcat5, and type the url as : ?http://localhost:8080/demo1.jsp?. in the browser.We get a form with two text boxes and a submit button. We fill up the textboxes with ?name? and ?place? and submit. The demo1.jsp executes and displays the values entered by the user.due to the JSTL tags <c:out value=?${param.text1} /> etc.

    That is about our first and introductory example. ----------- --The second example is very important. When the user enters data in a number of fields, it is tedious to collect the data and transfer it to jsp page for processing. In our example, we are collecting data about a player, such as his name, place and game. We can have much more but we are restricting for space considerations. JSP has an action tag , known as 'jsp:setProperty'. Using this along with a standard javabean, we can extract data and transfer it to our program in a single step.

    JSTL Core Tags


    The syntax is <jsp:useBean id="bean1" class="ourbeans.player" > <jsp:setProperty name="bean1" property="*" /> </jsp:useBean> :( the * sign denotes 'all'). ----But, we should first create the 'player ' bean with all the attributes and getter & setter methods, as shown. --------------------------------------------// player.java package ourbeans; public class player{ String name; String place; String game; public player(){ name=" "; place=" "; game=" "; } //--------------------------public void setName(String a){ name=a; } public void setPlace(String b){ place=b; } public void setGame(String c){ game=c; } //-----------------------------public String getName(){ return name; } public String getPlace(){ return place; } public String getGame(){ return game; } } ---------------------------------

    JSTL Core Tags

    In demo2.jsp, we collect the data and then display the data entered by the user. Note that instead of {param.text1}, we are using {bean1.name}. We should carefully name the html form controls with the corresponding attribute names given in the bean. We cannot name the controls as 'text1' etc, now! <c:out <c:out <c:out --We get correct result. ============================================= // demo2.jsp value="${bean1.name}" /> value="${bean1.place}" /> value="${bean1.game}" />

    <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <html> <body> <form method=post action="demo2.jsp"> <jsp:useBean id="bean1" class="ourbeans.player"> <jsp:setProperty name="bean1" property="*" /> </jsp:useBean> Name <input type=text name="name"><br> Place<input type=text name="place"><br> Game<input type=text name="game"><br> <input type=submit> </form> Name: <c:out value="${bean1.name}" /><br> Place: <c:out value="${bean1.place}" /><br> Game: <c:out value="${bean1.game}" /> </body> </html> ============================================= Once again, it will be noticed that there is no java code in this example, as everything is being done by tags, only.. *********************************************** We are now ready to take up examples for 'condition' tags. There are two types of 'condition tags'. namely, <c:if> & <c:choose>.

    In the third demo, we learn how to use the <c:if tag. ----------------------------------------------

    JSTL Core Tags


    //demo3.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <html> <body bgcolor=lightblue> <form method=post action=demo3.jsp> <select name="combo1"> <option value="sam">sam <option value="tom">tom </select> <input type=submit> </form> <c:set var="s" value="${param.combo1}" /> <c:out value="${s}" /> <br> <c:if test="${s eq 'sam' }" > <c:out value="Good Morning...SAM!" /> </c:if> <c:if test="${s = = 'tom'}" > <c:out value=" How Are You?....TOM!" /> </c:if> </body> </html> ----------------------------------------There is a combo with two options, namely 'sam' and 'tom'. If the user selects 'sam' and submits the form, he gets 'GoodMorning ...SAM!". If he selects 'tom' instead, he gets 'How are you..TOM?'. The above code is no ?Rocket-Science? as American authors say!But , if we are careless in typing the names ?sam? or ?tom? in the test condition, we could spend hours together , trying to coax this code into functioning! We should not leave space after the single quote in the 'test expression'. Second point worth noting in the above example is that we can use either == ( double equal to) or eq to test equality. *********************************************** In the fourth example which follows, we take up <c:choose> tag. The syntax is: <c:choose > <c:when test=" " > <c:otherwise> something </c:otherwise> </c:choose> The peculiarity to be noted here is that unlike <c:if , where we had to explicitly use <c:out for printing , no such <c:out has been used here., and yet the result is displayed, because 'choose' includes 'displaying'.. When we choose '7', "select between 1 & 5 " will be displayed!

    JSTL Core Tags

    JSTL Tutorial Part 2 // demo4.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> Example <html> <body bgcolor=lightblue> <form method=post action="demo3.jsp"> <select name="combo1"> <option value="1">1 </option> <option value="2">2 </option> <option value="3">3 </option> <option value="4">4 </option> <option value="5">5 </option> <option value="7">7 </option> </select> <input type=submit> <c:set var="s" value="${param.combo1}" /> Today is <br> <font size=24 color=red> <c:choose> <c:when test="${s==1}">Sunday </c:when> <c:when test="${s==2}">Monday</c:when> <c:when test="${s==3}">Tuesday</c:when> <c:when test="${s==4}">Wednesday</c:when> <c:when test="${s==5}">Thursday</c:when> <c:otherwise> select between 1 & 5 </c:otherwise> </c:choose> </body> </html> --------------------------------------------Demo-5 deals with Iteration tag. We are familiar with the 'for-each' construct. JSTL's 'for-each' also has the same functionality. In the following example, we have a String array. named as 'colors'. By using the <c:forEach> tag, we iterate through the array and display the values. -----------------------------------//demo5.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <% pageContext.setAttribute("colors",
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    JSTL Core Tags


    new String[] {"red","green","blue","orange","black"} ); <table> <c:forEach var="n" items="${colors}" varStatus="a"> <tr> <td> <c:out value="${a.index}" /> </td> <td> <td> <c:out value="${a.first}" /> </td> <td> <c:out value="${a.last}" /> </td> <td> <c:out value="${a.current}" /> </td> <tr> </c:forEach> </table> %>

    <c:out value="${a.count}"

    /> </td>

    We get the following display, when we execute the program. 0 1 true false red 1 2 false false green 2 3 false false blue 3 4 false false purple 4 5 false true black =============================================== <c:forEach> action tag contain the following attribute list: items : the collection of items like String[] var : a symbolic name for the collection

    begin : the starting index of iteration end : the ending index of iteration step : incremental step

    varStatus: symbolic name for current status.

    JSTL Core Tags


    If we assign the symbolic name 'a' for the status, we are able to access its properties such as index, count, whether it is first item, whether it is last item and the current value. Demo6 also deals with iteration tag.In the following example, the iteration starts at value 3 and ends at value 8 .It displays the values of n in each iteration.Each iteration increments the value of n automatically by 1,if step is not specified. ----------------------------------------------demo6.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <c:forEach var="n" begin="3" end="8" > <c:out value="${n}" /> <br> </c:forEach>

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    8 =============================================== Demo7 deals with JSTL's 'forTokens' tag.<c:forTokens>, which iterates over a string of tokens separated by a set of delimiters like the stringTokenizer class in Java. -------------------------------------------demo7.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <c:set var="s" value="SAM,DELHI,MCA,24,90" /> <html> <body> <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Place</th> <th>Degree</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Mark</th> </tr> <tr> <c:forTokens items="${s}" delims="," var="token" > <td><c:out value="${token}" /></td> </c:forTokens> </tr> </table> <br> </font> </body> </html> -----------------------------------------Name Place Degree Age Mark

    JSTL Core Tags


    kala Kkdi mca 23 87 -----------------------------------------The essential attributes of 'forTokens' tag are: Attribute Description items The string to tokenize delims The delimiter characters that separate the tokens of the string. =============================================== Demo8 deals with URL-Related actions.<c:import>action tag imports the conent of a URL-based resource and provides a simple way to access URL-based resources that can either be included or processed within the JSP.. In the following example,the import action tag imports the content of welcome.htm file here.So it displays the contents of demo8.jsp and welcome.htm. -------------------------------------------// welcome.htm <html> <body> WELCOME <br> </body> </html> --------demo8.jsp <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <c:import url="welcome.htm"/> <c:out value="to our web-site!" /> =============================================== In demo9 we discuss the <c:url> action tag. <c:url> prints the value of URL.It is easier to construct the hyperlinks.It is useful for session preservation (URL-Encoding). In the following example,we use <c:url> to make a link to another html file. When we execute demo9, we get a link , with text 'send'. When we click on the link, we are taken to welcome.htm. -------------------------------------demo9.jsp <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <a href="<c:url value="http://localhost:8080/welcome.htm/>"> send </a> -------------------------------------=============================================== demo10 deals with <c:redirect> action tag. This tag forwards the browser to the specified URL . demo10.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <c:redirect url="http://localhost:8080/welcome.htm /> =============================================== Finally, <c:param> tag is useful to send some parameter value to the page to which redirect occurs. In our example, the code redirects to sample.jsp, but it takes the param named 'a' with value='SAM' , to the redirected page.

    JSTL Core Tags


    And, the sample.jsp accepts this param and prints it. <c:out value="${param.name1}"/> ---------------------------------------------demo11.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <c:redirect url="http://localhost:8080/jstldemos/ core/sample.jsp" > <c:param name="name1" value="SAM"/> </c:redirect> ------------------------------------------( in a different file) sample.jsp <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> <c:out value="${param.name1}"/> And to end our whirlwind tour of core-tags in JSTL, here is a demo which mixes EL of JSP2(Expression Language of JSTL) with 'Expression' (also known as request-time Expression ) of JSP1.2. demo12.jsp <%@ page contentType="text/html" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %> JSTL welcomes <br> <c:out value="${param.text1}" /> <br> JSP Expression welcomes <%=request.getParameter("text1") %>

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