DEFINITIONS Definition by Samir Amin Egyptian Senagalese Growth is essentially a measure of a few relatively, easily, identifiable units of output.

. Development is a historical process which encompasses not only production, but the entire economic and social life of a nation in transition, its health, education, social outlook, and the dynamism of its political institution. Michael Manley, 1984 , Caribbean Development in Historical Perspective: 1. The capacity of the social group to agree on roles, which is the political process 2. The capacity of the group to create the institution through which goals may be realized, which is a the social process 3. The development of production forces to make material well-being to all, which is sthe economic process. 1960s Model. Industrialization by Invitation, Govt. invited companies to come into the country to invest Import/export: Govt. gave concessions such as tax holidays, subsidies etc. this lead to foreign direct investment and technological advances. 1970s Nationalism (Guyana) Socialism Co-operative/providing basics for all. Jamaica Democratic Socialism 1980s Privatization (Govt. vs. Private Sector) 1960s 1970s Govt. lead the development process. Shifts in 1980 to the private sector.

Development is driven by change. Change comes about the ideology of political leaders thereby is based on leadership. What is managing development? There is no one definition. Based on rankings by institutions such as, the IMF, World Bank, etc. Change comes about by people taking action. Change depends on attitudes, behaviors, perception, thinking, culture, tradition, values and beliefs etc. leadership depends on the institutions and the people who run these institutions. We came from colonialism controlled by the mother country, do little for ourselves (dependency theory)

Choices have to be made less dependent on govt. and become more independent and self reliant. Expectation what people expects e.g. free bus-fares, health and education. What are factors for change? Rewards e.g. Singapore is the best paid public officers Systems what systems are in place .e.g. legal and judicial. What are the capabilities of transforming these institutions? Structures Measurements no skills audit ( i.e. there is no monitoring/ evaluation mechanism in place) Knowledge and application Decisions what basis evidence-based, research-based, knee-jerk, inertia (slow to re-act)

CHECK THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT (BDOS, JCA) How do you mobilize people? challenging people to make the changes. Results motivate, inspire and push. Reform is a continuous improvement. It is a process. Development is about people, how you treat them. It is a two way process top down and bottom up