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ALL ABOUT

KIDNEY

Inside this issue:

Kidneys are the paired vertebrate which is important in excretion of metabolic waste and osmoregulation. kidneys are located in the abdomen near the dorsal abdomen wall. Why kidneys are important???
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All about kidney Why kidney is important? Structure of kidney

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Excretion of metabolic wastes, especially urea. Excretion of foreign substances such as poisons drugs, acohol and others. Regulating osmotic concentration of blood and tissue fluid.Maintaining pH balance of blood and tissue fluid. Regulation of water in the body. Regulation of concentration of ions in the body.

Parts of kidney and their function How urine is formed? 2 2

Explanation on urine formation Kidney failure 3 4

From the bitterness of disease man learns the sweetness of health.


ALL YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT KIDNEY ARE AVAILABLE HERE!!!

? THIS A IS BEAN?????

JOURNEY THROUGH KIDNEY

Parts of kidney and their function...

How URINE is formed???

JOURNEY THROUGH KIDNEY

A detail explanation on urine formation.

ULTRAFILTRATION
As the blood pressure is high enough, it will force the fluid from the glomerulus into the lumen of Bowmans capsule. During the filtration process, the small substances such as water, nutrients, salts and urea are moved from the blood capillaries to the Bowmans capsule. But, red blood cells and large molecules such as plasma protein are not transported into the Bowmans capsule. This is because the cell at the capsule are permeable to water and small molecules

REABSORPTION
The process of reabsorption first occurs in the proximal tubule which helps to maintain the pH of fluid in the body. At this region, salt was reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid and then followed by water via osmosis. The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water but not salt. As a result, only water move out of the tubule. As the filtrate continue to lose water as it move downward the loop of Henle, thus the salt concentration is increased. In contrast, the ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to salt not water. The ascending limb of loop of Henle consist of two segment which are thin and thick segment. At thin segment, the concentrated filtrate is diffused out which will increase the interstitial osmolarity in the medulla. The thick segment is still continue to transport the salt from the filtrate to the interstitial fluid but via the active transported. Distal convoluted tubule is very important to regulate the Potassium ions and the concentration of body fluid. The collecting duct plays an important role to carry the filtrate back to the renal medulla.

SECRETION
Secretion is a process in which the substances are transported to the nephron in order to get rid any substance that can harm the body. Because small molecules pass freely from plasma within capillaries into interstitial fluid, the net effect of renal secretion is the addition of plasma solute to the filtrate within the tubule. The proximal and distal tubules are the most common site of secretion. Unlike filtration, which is nonselective, secretion is a very selective process involving both passive and passive transport.

JOURNEY THROUGH KIDNEY

KIDNEY FAILURE.

There are many symptoms of kidney failure. One of them is the decrease of urine output. Other than that is the fluid retention. Some other symptoms of kidney failure are including swelling, drowsiness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, chest pain, seizure, or coma. Even though a decrease in urine output is a common sign of kidney failure, but it might not be a marked decrease. Fluid retention is the most noticeable sign of kidney failure, and swelling of the feet, ankles, or legs as a result of the fluid build-up is generally obvious. The causes of kidney failure is hypovolemia or known as low blood volume due to blood loss. Dehydration from loss of body fluid such as vomiting and diarrhea can cause kidney failure too. Beside that, poor intake of fluids and abnormal blood flow to and from the kidney due to obstruction of the renal artery or vein. A person who person who suffers from failure must change their dietary habit. Apart from that, the person should undergo the dialysis treatment. Besides that, there is another choice which having a kidney transplant.

DO YOU KNOW THAT ..??


The blood flow in kidney is higher than brain, liver or heart. Each kidney weighs approximately 4 to 6 ounces Each kidney is about 4 inches long The kidneys of a newborn baby are about 3 times larger in proportion to body weight as in the adult. Kidneys absorb and distribute 99.9% of the blood volume but Only 0.1% of the blood filtered turns into urine

Kidneys raise and lower blood pressure I have healthy kidneys


Do a lot of exercises

DO YOU LOVE YOUR from Stay away KIDNEY??? drug and alcohol PRACTICE THIS AT HOME.

Never addict to alcohol and drug Each kidney produces vitamin D Your kidneys important for osmoregulation

Drink plenty of water Eating a healthy diet and avoid junk food

PREPARED BY: I KEPOL NINA ALLYZA BINT D20091035080 NG SENG WEI D20091035105 NTI ABU NURUL WAHIDA BI AHMAD D20091035134

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