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Colin Shin Ms. Boyle World History G 9 March 2011 Pages 363-366 What Was the Set Stage for War? Key Terms An Un Easy Peace Grips Europe Efforts to not fight started in 1850s. - by 1900, hundreds of peace organizations. - also peace congresses from 1843 to 1907. The Steady Rise of Nationalism Nationalism: propel Europe into war Deep devotion to ones nation, which is unifying Can also be intense competition with others. Germany/Austria-Hungary/GreatBritain/Russia/France/Italy Competitions for markets and raw materials. Great Britain started Industrial/Germany rose. Independence demanded from minor groups Imperialism Imperialism, competing for colonies resulted into war. Germany/France over Morocco. As it became overseas, rivalry deepened. Militarism: A policy of which people glorify military and keep an army prepared for war, also known as mobilaztion. The Growth of Militarism Increase in nationalism brought dangerous armies. Mobilization for army was important just in case. Glorifying military/prepared: militarism. Many became frightened, many were patriotic.

Reflections: I never knew the World War I was caused by nationalism. Also, I cant believe that nations that always had wars didnt fight for about 30 years! Thats a really long period, and its amazing how Europe had that much progress. It is too bad for them, because theyre about to face a huge war I wonder why Britain didnt have such a powerful army, when they had all the technology and industrialized means of technology.

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Tangled Alliances Several alliances to keep peace, but led to major cause =war Triple Alliance: Germanys Bismarck made this with Austria-Hungary and Italy. Kaiser Wilhelm II: Germanys ruler from 1888, made Bismarck resign. Very stubborn. * Kaiswer Wilhelm II (1859-1941): Wilhelm II was cousin to George V of Britain and Nicholas I of Russia. Very arrogant, not many liked him. Triple Entente: British alliance in 1907 between Britain, France, and Russia. * Europe on the Eve of World War I, 1914: This map shows that the Triple Alliance was bordered side to side with the Triple Entente. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts Bismarck: Prussias chancellor, used war for Germany 1864 Thought that France was mad because of FrancoPrussian war, and therefore wanted to isolate them Dual Alliance formed between Germany/AustriaHungary, and Triple between with Italy. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace 1890 Germanys ruler Kaiser Wilhelm II resigned Bismarck Army pride, let go of Russia= alliance between Russia and France in 1892: war on both borders! Kaiser then wanted to challenge British navy He built a huge shipbuilding program to equalize Britain responded by enlarging fleet, and forming an entente (alliance) Britains entente was with France, but then in 1907 the triple entente was with Russia as well. Bind that Britain wont fight France and Russia Therefore two major powers: - Germany/Austria-Hungary/Italy - Great Britain/France/Russia - Triple Alliance and Triple Entente Crisis in the Balkans The Balkan Peninsula: dispute area. Long history of nationalist uprisings/ethnic clashes Called the powder keg of Europe.

Reflections: It is interesting how two different major alliances formed. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy became one, while Britain, France, and Russia were one. In my opinion, the Third Entente is much more superior, especially with military strong France, and navy-strong Britain. I wonder what will happen throughout the Great War? Also, I think Kaiser Wilhelm II was a horrible, bad ruler, especially because he kicked out Bismarck, who created the alliance for his country.

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Europes Powder Keg Ottoman Empire including Balkan groups declined in 1900s Many broke away, forming new nations like Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia. Had a powerful nationalistic belief. - problem: Russia/Austria-Hungary wanted the empty power of Balkan region, but then Serbias demand of Slavic made Russia support it, while Austria-Hungary was feared by rebellion. Austria takes control over Slavic territories in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which made Serbians made. But because Austria had Germany, Serbia couldnt do anything. If they did= WAR. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe Austria-Hungarys new emperor Franz Ferdinand/wife were shot in Bosnia by a Serbian member of the Black Hand, a society that wanted to get rid of Bosnia of Austria. Austria used to punish. Ultimatum made, demanded end of all antiAustrian activity, and Serbia had to agree to investigations within Serbia. Serbia followed most of them, but wanted an international conference. But Austria already declared war, and Russias mobilization of troops attacked Austrian borders. Stability collapsed, Wilhelm wanted negotiation, but war already started. Reflections: Wow. Its so intense! I guess there was a region the Balkan territory was named power keg. It is obvious that the war shouldve started their because it is a powerless area with the Triple Alliance on the left, and the Triple Entente on the right! Serbia is just out of luck, because they were trying to negotiate. I view Austria-Hungary kind of selfish to just attack, when they are much more powerful. So this is how the World War I started.

Main Idea Many different nations had many different peace organizations, pursuing peace for over 30 years. However, the rise of nationalism and competition of territory, or colonies, pushed tensions between nations. Therefore, Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary formed the Triple Alliance, and Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente. They kept peace for a while, until in 1908 Austria seized control of a Serbian Slavic area. Serbians got really pissed, resulting a assassination of the new king of Austria-Hungary. Therefore, war was inevitable between Austria and Serbia, but Russia came in as well. This is the beginning.