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Introduction to Stat 1510 Research Project Style for Research Reports in Statistics Arty Sanchez Taft College

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Abstract The statistical analysis of our sample surveys shows us that there are many different opinions and outcomes that come with different people taking a survey. Bar Graphs and Box and whisker plots were used to illustrate the shapes and to compare the data between the different results of the sample size of the surveys. The results obtained from the analysis were used to discuss the datas sample size surveys results.

Introduction We use statistics a lot in todays century to have a better understanding on different events and situations. We use statistics to help us with political data and also for data regarding any information where people are trying to find the statistics of their certain outcomes. The survey samples are used to create an understanding of the population to help researchers have a better understanding by creating an analysis of the data collected. The data will be examined to show the differences and similarities between each survey taken.

Method Participants The participants that took place in these surveys were given a survey by students of Mr. Brian Jeans classroom. Each student was required to have random people fill out each survey fully to where every answer was filled in. After the student had all ten of their surveys filled out, they

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were required to enter the data on a website were all the data would be collected and recorded for the use of this project for each student, that way there would be a big enough sample size for each student to work with.

Materials Each person that took a survey had the same questions given to them. The people who took the surveys can be described as materials because they were the main material which helped us collect our data. The use of the internet was helpful in retrieving the population sample data for the survey. Also the use of the calculator to help create graphs, solve problems, and to help find my sample size of 60 surveys by using the calculators random integer key to get each survey randomly.

Procedures The first step was collecting each surveys data randomly by creating a sample size of 60 surveys by using the calculators random integer key, randInt. This gave me my 60 random sample survey numbers, that way I only use those surveys data only for my project. After having my sample surveys, I went ahead and starting collecting data from sample surveys of how many males took the survey and how many females took the survey and created a bar graph that shows the difference between the two. Also I created a box and whisker plot by collecting the data of male and females certain hours that they work per week. The same procedures were done with finding the results for the Health Care Bill being passed and whether or not people think President

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Obama will be reelected for president again. All it took was a little time, patience, and correct data to be recorded.

Results

Bar Graph for Obama to be reelected

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The results for this bar graph show that the females have a bigger sample size then the men, but the females are more in favor of President Obama not to be reelected. The males are also more in favor of Obama not being reelected. This shows how similarities between the males and females towards this question of the survey.

Bar Graph for Gender

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The bar graph shown above shows the difference between how many males took the survey and how many females took the survey regarding to my sample size. It shows that twenty-three males and thirty-seven females have taken the survey out of a random sample size of sixty.

Box and Whisker Plot for (Hours of Work Per. Week) Male Female n= 23 n= 37 =31.6086 =24.8108 minX=0 minX=0 Q1=20 Q1=0 med.=40 med=32 Q3=47 Q3=40 maxX=65 maxX=60

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The box and whisker blot shown above shows that males have a greater percentage of working more hours than females do. The females second whisker is not there because minx and Q1 are both zero. The males did have a smaller sample size with a lot of working hours, but the women had a lot of zeros on hours worked per week for their sample size creating their box and whisker plot to be on lower amount of hours worked side of the graph.

Bar Graph for Results on Health Care Bill

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In the bar graph shown above the males seem to be leaning more towards the undecided answer for whether or not they agree with the health care bill being passed. The Females also seem to be leaning for towards the undecided answer as well. In second for the females is No on the Health Care Bill being passed, women do not agree with it. And in second place for the males the men are barely above with No as well on the Health Care Bill being passed.

Results The results of the statistical analysis showed us that there are many different opinions and outcomes that come with different people taking a survey. The box and whisker plot demonstrated a significant difference in male and females hours worked per week with this sample size. The same goes for the bar graphs of results on health care bill, the bar graph for Obama to be reelected, and the bar graph for gender. Each survey in the sample size had different results. This shows the many different results and answers people agree upon with certain questions relating to our current events. Discussion # 1: I decided to use a scatter plot to see if there was a relationship between height and weight; the graph was linear so I chose Pearsons correlation. This concludes that there is a positive correlation between a persons height and weight.

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The same goes for ring and shoe size. I decided to use a scatter plot to see if there was a relationship between the two; the graph was linear so I chose Pearsons correlation. This concludes that there is a positive correlation between a persons ring and shoe size. # 2: I decided to use the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. This test fails to reject the null hypothesis, which suggests that there is not enough evidence to suggest a difference in Annual Gross Income based on gender between men and women. # 3: I decided to use the CHI-Squared Test of Independence for all three parts of this question. The P-value is greater than alpha on all three parts of this question, which rejected the Null Hypothesis which shows # 4: I decided to use an odds ratio test since I only had one ambidextrous person in my sample, so my results turned out to be FTR, There is not enough evidence to suggest there is a correlation between handedness and those in favor of the death penalty. #5 I decided to use the CHI-Squared Test of Independence for my question, which was is there a relationship between people in favor of the death penalty and people who believe President Obama to be re-elected? In my analysis the p-value was greater than alpha, so it rejects the null hypothesis, which suggests that there is a relationship between the two.

#6 I decided to use the Kruskal-Wallis Test for this question. I had four lists from my sample size for different ethnicities and how much their annual income is. Out of my sample size of 60 I seemed to have more white people than any other ethnicity. So most likely they would be the ethnicity that makes a greater annual income. And my p-value was greater than alpha so it rejects

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the Null hypothesis suggesting that there is enough evidence that a certain ethnicity from my sample size makes a higher Annual Income than the other ethnicities.

Appendix My Sample Size throughout each question is 60. 1. Is there a relationship between an appropriate combination of a persons height, weight, ring or shoe size? Scatter Plot between persons Height and Weight

Pearsons Correlation Ho: p=0 Ha: p>0 r= .5325 P-value= 5.9505E-6 P-value = 0.0000 Alpha=0.05 Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is not enough information to suggest that there is a positive correlation between Height and Weight. With a 95% confidence interval the correlation coefficient is between (0.2731, 0.7143).

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Scatter Plot for Ring and Shoe Size

Pearsons Correlation Ho: p=0 Ha: p>0 r= .7894 P-value= 3.3089E-7 P-value = 0.0000 Alpha=0.05

Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is not enough information to suggest that there is a positive correlation between Ring and Shoe size. With a 95% confidence interval the correlation coefficient is between (0.4928, 0.8462).

2. Is there a difference in gross income based on gender? Wilcox Rank-Sum

Ho: Theta male gross income-Theta female gross income=0 Ha: Theta male gross income-Theta female gross income does not =0 T= .8798 P-value= .3825 Fails to reject the null hypothesis, there is enough evidence to suggest that there is a difference between males and females gross income.

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3. Is there a relationship between political party and a) if the respondent feels president Obama will be re-elected? Satisfies the properties of a multinomial experiment, count data, all expected values are greater than 1, No more than 20% of the expected values are < 5. Ho: Political Affiliation and the respondent feeling President Obama will be re-elected are Independent Ha: Political Affiliation and the respondent feeling President Obama will be re-elected are Dependent The numbers in the picture follow the table below: Yes Other Republican Independent Democrat No Undecided

xSquared= 8.3152 P-value= .2159 df=6 Alpha =0.05 CHI-Squared Test of Independence expected values: Violation if more that 20% are < 5. 1.6666, 10.8333, 7.0833, 5.4166, 1.5333, .8 9.9666, 5.2 6.5166, 3.4 4.9833, 2.6

Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is enough evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between Political parties and the respondents that feel President Obama will be re-elected.

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b) if the respondent is in favor of the health care bill a passed? Ho: Political Party and Health Care Bill Independent Ha: Political Party and Health Care Bill Dependent

Satisfies the properties of a multinomial experiment, count data, all expected values are greater than 1, No more than 20% of the expected values are < 5. The numbers in the picture follow the table below: Yes Other Republican Independent Democrat No Undecided

xSquared= 11.4411 P-value= .0756 df= 6 Alpha= 0.05 CHI-Squared Test of Independence expected values: Violation if more that 20% are < 5. 2.7, 7.5, 4.8, 3, 3.45, 9.5833, 6.1333, 3.8333, 2.85 7.9166 5.0666 3.1666

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Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is enough evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between political party and respondents in favor of the health care bill as passed.

c) if the respondent is in favor of the death penalty? Ho: Political Party Affiliation and respondents in favor of the death penalty are Independent. Ha: Political Party Affiliation and respondents in favor of the death penalty are Dependent. The numbers in the picture follow the table below: Yes Other Republican Independent Democrat No Undecided

xSquared= 4.8095 P-Value= .5684 df= 6

CHI-Squared Test of Independence expected values: Violation if more that 20% are < 5. 5, 14.5, 6, 4.5, 2.8333, 8.2166, 3.4, 2.55, 2.1666 6.2833 2.6 1.95

Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is enough evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between political party and the respondents in favor of the death penalty.

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4. Is there a relationship between handedness and Odds Ratio Test a) in favor of the death penalty? Ho: There is a relationship between handedness and death penalty. Ha: There is not a relationship between handedness and death penalty. Alpha = 0.05 P-value 0.7924 Fails to reject the Null hypothesis, there is not enough evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between handedness and those in favor of the death penalty.

b) amount of water consumed?

Histogram shows that more water is consumed by right handed people than left handed people. I had 3 left handed people and 1 ambidextrous person, and data wasnt able to be compared.

Ho: Different handedness people drink the same amount of water. Ha: At least one handedness drinks more water than the other. Alpha=0.05 P-value= .6096

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Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is enough evidence to suggest that right hand people drink more water than left handed people.

5. Is there a relationship between people who believe in the death penalty and people who believe that President Obama will be re-elected?

Ho: People who believe in the death penalty and those who believe President Obama will be reelected are Independent Ha: People who believe in the death penalty and those who believe President Obama will be reelected are Dependent The numbers in the picture follow the table below: Yes Obama Reelected No Obama Reelected Undecided Obama Reelected Yes for Death Penalty No for Death Penalty Undecided for Death Penalty

Alpha= 0.05 xSquared= 4.1189 P-value= .3901 df= 4 CHI-Squared Test of Independence expected values: Violation if more that 20% are < 5 7.5833, 15.75, 11.6666, 3.6833, 7.65, 5.6666, 1.7333 3.6 2.6666

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Rejects the Null hypothesis, there enough evidence to suggest that there are similarities between people who believe in the death penalty and people who believe that President Obama will be reelected.

6. Is there a certain ethnicity from my sample size that makes a higher Annual Income than the other ethnicities? Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ho: Theta Hispanics=Theta Blacks=Theta Whites=Theta Other Ha: at least one is not equal L1:White= 37 people L2:Balck=4 people L3:Hispanic=16 people L4:Other= 3 people Alpha=0.05 P-Value= .1892 Statistics, H =4.7729 Rejects the Null hypothesis, there is enough evidence to suggest that there is a certain ethnicity from my sample size that makes a higher Annual Income than the other ethnicities.

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