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Always On Applications
Mobile wireless networks need to provide an Always On On or Always Connected feel to customers, similar Always Connected to wire-line and enterprise networks.
Motivation for GPRS contd. .
Asymmetric data
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spare capacity from voice can be readily available for data traffic
Motivation for GPRS contd. .
allows the operator to get more mileage out of their spectrum. As GPRS is an enhancement to GSM it also allows the GSM, operator to retain the subscriptions of current GSM subscribers Motivation for GPRS contd. .
Packet Solution
An Air Interface Solution: GPRS defines modifications to the existing GSM air interface to support packet access. A Network Solution: GPRS defines a new Packet Switched - Core Network (PS-CN) to provide access to external packet networks for GPRS Mobile Stations (MSs) or devices.
Motivation for GPRS contd. .
Gb Interface
GPRS extends GSM by allowing multiple users to share a single resource. This allows the precious air interface resources to be used more efficiently. GPRS allows users to take turns sending and receiving data on a given time slot. This may decrease the data rates for the user, but will allow the system to support more concurrent users.
The GPRS network solution consists of a new Packet SwitchedCore Network (PS-CN). The PS-CN introduces two new nodes to coordinate packet p capabilities for GPRS mobiles. They are the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). Lets go over their roles.
SGSN
The SGSN is connected to the BSS and provides the connection point for packet services. The SGSN like the MSC/VLR: SGSN,
authenticates mobiles in its service area coordinates subscribers locations with the Home Location Register (HLR) obtains temporary copies of subscribers profiles from the HLR generates billing C ll D t il R t billi Call Detail Records (CDR ) d (CDRs) The SGSN uses a subscribers request, to determine which GGSN to connect to for its desired service.
GGSN
Each GPRS network contains multiple SGSNs p and GGSNs based on the amount of needed packet capacity. GGSNs are connected to SGSNs through private IP networks. The GGSNs main roles include:
managing IP address allocation for GPRS mobiles masking mobility of GPRS mobiles from external networks providing connections for mobiles to external packet networks or services generating billing CDRs g g g
Temporary/Permanent address
GPRS allows subscribers with their wireless devices to access packet networks such as the Internet. To receive packet information mobiles using information, GPRS need some form of address. In the case of circuit switched data, the mobile dialed into di l d i t a modem pool and was allocated an d l d ll t d address by the Internet Service Provider. What happens in t e case o G S at appe s the of GPRS
Another feature of GPRS is the definition of various mechanisms and parameters to define QoS in order to provide consistency of service across QoS, different networks.
This feature was not available in circuit switched data and has been added to GPRS. QoS can come into play at various p p y points in the life of a GPRS subscriber. First, , the subscriber may choose a certain QoS as the default QoS for his account. Each time he accesses the network an attempt will be made by the network to provide, and charge for, this subscribed QoS.
Assuming that the connection is admitted, the QoS may still change during the connection.
This may happen for a number of reasons, including mobility and changes in network load load.
Data Rate
This table summarizes the MAXIMUM data rates achievable with GPRS radio systems. Two values are given
one for a single time slot and one for the sum of all eight time slots.
The actual data rates that end users will achieve will be SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER than these values. This is due to a number of factors
it is unlikely that an operator would allocate all eight time slots for one subscribers use. in a wireless medium (where the air interface is error prone) some form ( p ) of error protection and retransmission of information is needed, which in effect reduces the data rate available to applications.
GPRS PLMN
Traffic Delivery
In order to enable traffic delivery of packets to y p and from the mobile, coordination is required between the mobile, the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Once this coordination is complete, packets flowing from the mobile station must first be sent over-the-air to the BSS. The BSS then sends these, along with all other packet traffic, to the SGSN. SGSN