36. The notion and types of responsibility in labor law.

The Labour Code is extremely pro-employee, which reflects the socialist principles of employment. Grounds for dismissal are limited and social guarantees to employees are generous. So the responsibilities of the employees are not extend. They just must perform the work in a proper way on behalf of the entity or organization (employer). The responsibilities of the employer are much wider. The employer is obliged to provide the worker necessary working conditions. These are the main points of employers responsibility: 1. The trial period is normally limited to three months, with a few exceptions of six months. 2. The monthly wage may not be less than the statutory minimum wage and must be paid at least twice a month. 3. An employer may not order an employee to undertake a job that is not included in the employee's employment agreement. 4. Employers must notify employees at least two months in advance concerning employees' working location or conditions. 5. The working week may not exceed 40 hours. 6. Overtime is capped at 120 hours per year and permitted only when expressly provided by law. 7. Vacations may not total less than 24 calendar days. 37. The classification of crimes Classification of crimes divides them into groups (categories) depending on different criteria. Art. 12 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (classification of crimes) defines the degree of severity as the criterion of classification of crimes. Depending on the severity the law divides crimes into four categories: 1) minor offenses. For these crimes it is presupposed to punish by imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or even mere punishment; 2) crimes of medium severity. Imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years; 3) serious (hard) crimes. The imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years; 4) especially serious crimes, including the socially dangerous acts. The imprisonment for a term exceeding ten years or life imprisonment. 38. The conditions and the order of the acceptance to work. The acceptance to work is the result of conclusion of the labor agreement. The acceptance to work is issued by the order of the entity, organization. When concluding the labor agreement a worker has to represent his passport (or any other document which authenticates the personality) and the labor book. The labor book is the main document about the employment activity of a worker, where the information about his previous jobs is represented. Only those workers who are employed for the first time can be accepted to work without the labor book. Then the labor book for such workers must be issued not later than after a week of the acceptance. If the working function of a person requires specific knowledge or presupposes specific requirements for health conditions then a worker must present more documents (about education, specialty, qualification, about health conditions). An employee may be hired for an initial trial or probationary period that generally should not exceed three months. During this trial period, employment can be terminated without prior notice if the employee proves unfit for the job. However, if the employee continues to work after the trial period has elapsed, the employee is considered to have passed the test, and is entitled to all rights and protections under Ukrainian labor law. The employer has to instruct the employee about the conditions of the job before starting the work.

39. The notions and the types of the objects of legal relations. The objects of civil legal relations are certain benefits, about which subjects enter into a specified legal relationship. Among such benefits should be called material things and spiritual values. These include: the thing; action (including services), the results of intellectual creativity, moral good. Things - all items of the material world that can satisfy the specific needs of people. They constitute the material basis of society. Things are divided into the following types: means of production (raw materials, fuel, spare parts, buildings, transport and communications, etc.) and consumer goods (food, clothing, shoes, household items, etc.); Items that are in public circulation, then there are things about which there is no prohibition against free trade items, limited in public circulation (hunting weapons, some medications, etc.), things taken out of the civil turnover (narcotics, precious metals and stones in their raw form, etc.); individually identified (the picture of the artist, gift, etc.) and tribal (sugar, flour, bricks, etc.); interchangeable (generic things) and irreplaceable (individually certain things); Consumer (food, etc.) and non-use (things that are in for a long time - a car, house, etc.); divisible (things that in the event of losing the purpose of the section, - TV, car, etc.) and indivisible (grain, cement, liquid, etc.); mobile (vehicles, etc.) and fixed (land, buildings, businesses, etc.); Money and securities (stocks, bonds, obligations of the state treasury, savings certificates, promissory notes). Objects of civil legal relations also include the results of intellectual work protected by law (scientific, literary and artistic works, discoveries and inventions, industrial designs, trademarks, etc.). One of the objects of civil legal relations are moral benefits, which include honor, dignity, name, life, health, etc.