Professional Documents
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Hari Om Gupta,
Building Envelope:
Building Envelope is the area that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or the outdoors. Simply put, a building envelope is the separation between the interior and the exterior environments of a building.
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Typical Components of Envelope: 1. Typical Structure support, infills etc. 2. Demonstrated fuctions and performances.
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Building Envelope:
Wall Systems
Jalis
Doors
Cool Roofs.
Green Roofs.
April, 2011
The external walls of a structure are vital to the integrity, safety and aesthetics of the building. They are more often than not the load bearing walls and must also face the harsh conditions that the weather can throw at a building. Walling Systems can be further classified into: 1. 2. Pre Fab Framed Systems In Situ Systems
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There are three types of pre- fab walling systems: Thin Stone Wall Systems Panelized Metal Wall Systems Cladding with Plastics and Polymers
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Terracotta Tiles
Lap-Seam Metal Panels Composite Metal Wall Panels Flat Plate Metal Wall Panels Metal-Faced Composite Panels Pre -fab Framed Systems Fibre Glass Reinforced Plastic Boards Glass Reinforced Panels
PVC Panels
Plastic Wood Composites Poly Carbonate Boards Cladding with Plastics and Polymers
Acrylic Boards
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Thin stone wall systems used for exterior building envelopes typically consist of stone panels ranging in thickness from 3/4 inches to 2 inches. Most panels are fabricated from granite, while marble; limestone, travertine, and sandstone are also used to a lesser extent. Stone wall systems have been employed to achieve a wide range of architectural styles, aesthetic affects, and appearances. Generally, thin stone wall systems are used in all environments. However certain stone types such as certain marbles may not be appropriate for environments with significant thermal cycling.
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Thin Stone Wall Systems can be further classified based on the material used into: Terracotta Wall Facades Stone Veneer Facades
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Panelized Metal Wall Systems: The following types of metal panel systems are available: 1. Lap-Seam Metal Panels: These panels are formed out of metal sheets and are typically ship-lapped with adjacent panels. 2. Composite Metal Wall Panels: These panels feature two sheets of metal adhered to a core material. These composite panels are usually stronger than lap-seam panels and provide built-in insulation to the wall system.
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3.
Flat Plate Metal Wall Panels: These panels are typically fabricated out of 1/8 inch thick metal plate. The panels are then bent to the desired profile.
4. Metal-Faced Composite Panels: These panels consist of metal facings adhered to a thin thermoplastic core. The resulting composite panel is then bent to the desired profile. These panels are not as impact resistant.
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This is the most recent up and coming technology where plastics/ polymer in the form of sheets or boards are being used as faade materials. The various materials being used are: Fibre Glass Reinforced Plastic Boards PVC Panels Plastic Wood Composites Poly Carbonate Boards Acrylic Boards Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene Building integrated Photo Voltaics
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Polymer-based resins that consist matrix and glassfibres as the reinforcement - PVC/ FRP/ GRP panels. Advantages of such materials have: High strength and stiffness, Ease of moulding complex shapes, High environmental resistance, Comparatively economic Exhibits good thermal features, e.g. low heat conductivity and a small thermal expansion coefficient. Additionally, this composite is also characterized by many aesthetic merits.
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Acrylic panels are UV stable, thus provides a vast array of possibilities for interior and exterior applications. Acrylic panels provide numerous benefits that conventional materials can not match. Acrylic panels can be cast up to 24 thick to provide structural integrity and spanning capabilities. Rods, tubes and other shapes can also be used as either structural members or as decorative elements in exterior and interior environments. Acrylic is also a preferred choice due to the light transmitting properties of the material.
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Wood plastic composite is an increasingly popular choise for finishing the facades of commercial and domestic buildings. Also known as weather boarding, timber effect cladding, it is an attractive and economical way to finish exteriors. It is manufactured by an extrusion process using a mix of recycled plastics and hardwood. This material combines the traditional appearance of timber with durability of engineered composite.
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Polycarbonate plastic is moldable, durable, lightweight, flame resistant, shatterproof, and energy efficient. A polycarbonate panel is extremely weather resistant, will not yellow in harsh sun, and recyclable. Polycarbonate sheets can be as clear, translucent, or completely opaque, depending on the specific use. The panels can be flat or corrugated, rigid or flexible, thick or thin. Polycarbonate makes an excellent substitute for glass or acrylic, and there are a multitude of uses for panels made of polycarbonates.
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ETFE foil roofs consist of pneumatic cushions comprising of between 2 and 5 layers of a modified copolymer Ethylene Tetra Flouro Ethylene. The ETFE Foil is extruded into thin films and supported in an aluminum perimeter extrusion which is supported on the building frame. The Cushions are inflated by a small inflation unit to approx. 220 Pa which gives the foil a structural stability and gives the roof high insulation properties.
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BIPVs are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or facades. 1. Increasingly being incorporated into the construction of new buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power. 2. Existing buildings may be retrofitted with BIPV modules as well. 3. The advantage of integrated photo-voltaic is that the initial cost can be offset by reducing the amount spent on building materials and labour that would normally be used to construct the part of the building that the BIPV modules replace.
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Precast Concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mould or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted into place. Installation : 1)Horizontally - Panels supported by stanchions & installed horizontally across the bay width, placed either on the face or between the webs of the stanchions. 2)Vertically - A vertical cantilever configuration with a portion of the precast concrete panel below finished floor level, tied into the foundation concrete with reinforcing bars. No above ground steel support is required.
April, 2011