MORALE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1). Define morale? Ans.

Morale is a state of mind or willingness to work which in turn affects individuals and organizational objectives. According to Flippo morale is a mental condition or attitudes of individuals and groups which determine their willingness to cooperate. Good morale is evidenced by employee enthusiasm, voluntary conformance with regulation and orders, and a willingness, to cooperate with others in the accomplishment of an organizations objectives. Poor morale is evidenced by surliness, insubordination, a feeling of discouragement and dislike of the job, company and associates. 2). What are the characteristics of morale? Ans. The characteristics of morale are: * * * * * Morale is a state of mind. Morale is a relative term it may be high or low. Morale is intangible. It is the aggregate of attitudes, feelings, emotions, sentiments etc. Morale influences human behavior and performance.

3). What is the importance of morale? Ans. Morale is a state of mind or willingness to work which in turn affects individual and organizational objectives. The importance of morale are: * * * * * * Higher performance. Better quality of work. Low absenteeism. Good discipline. Fewer industrial accidents. Stability and growth of the organization.

4). What are the factors influencing morale? Ans. The main factors influencing morale are as follows: * Nature of work: - Meaningful and satisfying job helps to improve employee morale. Morale tends to be low when the job provides no challenge and satisfaction and job standards are considered very high. * Working condition: - Physical work environment, job security, wages and other allied factors exercise a significant influence on employee morale.

* Supervision: - Competent, dependable and fair-minded leadership can build and maintain high morale. * Management policies: - The policies and attitudes of management concerning, promotion, transfer etc. affect morale. * Personal factors: - The age, education, occupation level and family life of an employee, determine his morale.

5). What are the measures for building high morale? Ans. Morale building is a difficult exercise as it involves removing misconception, changing attitudes and dealing with emotions. The following measures may be helpful in improving employee morale: * * * * * * * Proper working condition. Job security. Sound compensation system. Sound promotion policy. Job enrichment. Sound procedure of employee grievances. Workers participation in management.

6). What are the methods of measuring morale? Ans. Morale is an intangible and subjective concept. The following methods are used to measure morale: * Observation * Attitude or morale survey 1. Interview method 2. Questionnaire method