8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs
Compurison umong iIIerent Models oI BIOGAS Plunts
Absar Saleh SP09-BEC-001 Department Of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, LAHORE
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs CONTENTS
OTypes of Biogas Plants. Oigures of Biogas Plants. OComparison Table of the Biogas Plants. OSummary of the entire comparison. OConclusion. OReferences.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs OTYPES O BIOGAS PLANTS
Generally three tyes oI basic biogas plants are existing all over the world. The most abundant countries in producing biogas are United states oI America, United Kingdom, Germany, Indian Subcontinent and China. The Currently working biogas plants are; loating Gas Holder Type Biogas Plant. ixed Dome Thpe Biogas Plant. ixed Dome type With Expansion Chamber Biogas Plant.
Basic Experimental Setup of all three biogas plants is briefly described below: I. loating Gas Holder type Plants: This type oI plant basically comprises oI an under ground brick masonry digester connected with an inlet and outlet covered by a Iloating steel gas holder Ior gas collection. Gasholder moves up and down guided by a central guide pipe depending upon accumulation and discharge oI gas. Floating gas holder made oI mild steel alone accounts Ior some 40 percent oI the total plant cost and accordingly these plants are much more expansive than Iixed dome type. The gas holder is separated Irom the digester. A partition is provided in digester to encourage circulation. The Iloating gas holder provided at the top oI the digester helps to keep the pressure constant. The gas holder rises when the pressure is increased due to production oI gas and allows the generated gas to let out through the gas supply pipe. It lowers when pressure is decreased to stop the supply oI the biogas.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs II. ixed Dome Type Biogas Plant: In Iixed dome digester , the gas holder and the digester are combined. Gas is stored in the upper part oI the digester. Upper portion oI digester pit itselI acts as a gas holder. Displaced level oI slurry provides requisite pressure Ior release oI gas Ior its subsequent use. The pressure inside the digester varies as the gas is collected. Fixed dome digester is usually built below the ground level and is suitable Ior cold regions. AAs the plant does not involves any steel parts, it can be built with local materials and hence its construction costs are low. III. ixed Dome With Expansion Chamber type Biogas Plant: It has a curved bottom and hemispherical top which are joined at their bases with no cylindrical portion in between. Displaced slurry Iollowing digestion moves to the outlet displacement chamber as there is no displacement space on the inlet side. An inlet pipe connects mixing tank with the digester. This type oI biogas palnt is very cheaper as compared with the other two types oI Biogas plants.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs OIGURES O THE BIOGAS PLANTS
1. loating Gas Holder Type Biogas Plant.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs . ixed Dome Type Biogas Plant.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs . ixed Dome type With Expansion Chamber Biogas Plant.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs OCOMPARISON TABLE O DIERENT MODELS Properties
loating Gas Holder Type Biogas Plant ixed Dome Type Biogas Plant ixed Dome with Expansion Chamber Type Biogas Plant Experimental Setup The digester oI this Plant is a deep well shaped masonry structure. In these is a partition in middle oI the digester. Digester oI this plant is a shallow well shaped masonry structure. No partition wall is provided. Digester id made oI two segments oI two spheres one each Ior the top and Bottom. Biogas Holder Gas Holder is generally made oI the mild steel. It is inverted into the digester and goes up and down with the Iormation and utilization oI gas. Gas holders the integral part oI the masonry structure oI the plant. Slurry Irom the gas storage portion is displaced out oI the digester with the Iormation oI gas and comes back when it is used. The structure described above includes digester and the gas storage chamber. Gas is stored in the same way as in the F.D type plant. Gas Pressure Remains Constant about 10 cm oI water. Varies Irom 0-90 cm oI water. Varies Irom 0-75 cm oI water. Maintenance Cost OI maintenance is high because gas holder is to be prevented Irom corrosion. Cost oI maintenance is low. Cost oI maintenance is low.
8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs Life Span iIe span is short. iIe span is comparatively long. iIe span is between the other two plants. Extra features IdentiIying the deIects in gas holder is easy. Space above the gas holder can be used. Ther is no moving part so no recurring expenditure. Required work place Requires relatively less excavation. Requires more excavation work. Requires high excavation work. Construction Digester can be constructed locally. The gas holder needs sophisticated workshop Iacilities. A trained mason using locally available materials can build entire plant. Entire plant can be build by a trained mason using locally available materials. Installation Cost Installation cost is very high. Over Rs. 6900.00 (Indian Currency) It is Cheaper then previous and the plant costs about Rs.5400.00 (Indian Currency) It is much Cheaper than both plants and its plant design costs Rs.4000.00 (Indian Currency).
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8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs OSUMMARY O THE ENTIRE COMPARISON. From the study oI entire comparison oI the biogas plants we got the basic construction aspects and the experimental setup oI a biogas plant that is generally an underground construction oI a biogas digester with local materials such a as bricks, sand, cement etc. the instrumentation needed Ior the construction oI the biogas plant are; O An underground digester may be made oI bricks, stones, concrete etc O An inlet pipe with a substrate receptacle, O An outlet pipe oI exhauster slurry, O A Iloating gas dome Ior gas collection, O A gas outlet pipe Raw material supplied to the biogas plant can be cow dung ,human waste, wheat crops, sewage, paper waste, Iield grass and other cellulosic materials. O CONCLUSION Using the described methods oI the biogas plants operation the third type oI biogas plant which is Iixed dome type with expansion chamber is more Ieasible and economically Iavorable than that oI other two types oI biogas digester palnts to get the beneIits oI renewable energy produced Irom gas at our campus.
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8lomass Converslon 8esearch CenLre Comparlson of Lhe blogas lanLs OREERENCES O Biomass Ior Renewable energy, Fuels and Chemicals (2006), Donald Klass O Bio Renewable Resources (2004), Robert C Brown O Renewable Energy Resources (2005), G N Tiwari and M K Ghosal O Stewart, D and Mceod, NewZealand Journal oI Agriculture, sept.1980 O ikipedia: http://www.wikipedia.com/ O Microgy: http://www.microgy.com/technology.htm O Feasibility oI an campus biogas operation at the university oI aterloo (2April 005) O Research Journal : andIill Biogas and its use Ior Energy Generation, University oI Sao Paulo O OIoeIule, Akuzuo U. , Nwankwo, Joseph I , Ibeto, Cynthio N, (Biogas Production Irom paper easte and its blend with cow dung), Advances in applied sciences research 2010 O Pelagia research ibrary: http://www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com O Oumer Salim Mohamed Kaba, 2007 , Pilot Project Ior the installation oI domestic biogas O Academic journals: http://www.academicjournals.com/INGOJ O Journal oI achievements in materials and manuIacturing engineering (2009) JAMMEP.Vindis,B.Mursec, M. Janzekovic, F. Cus O Uzodinma, E.O. and OIoeIule,A.u. , (Biogas production Irom blends oI Iield grass with animal waste) O Technical note series, KARI Techniacal Note.10,january2003 (biogas Production)