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63

1 1 2 3* 4
1

*
E-mail: chihua0826@gmail.com

Web-based

(Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System, SAULS)

Web-GIS

SAULS

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Journal of Computer Science and Application

The Design of Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System


Ching-Ping Tsai 1 Hsu-Yang Kung 1 Che-I Wu 2 Chi-Hua Chen 3* Ting-Huan Kuo 4
1 Department of Management Information System, National Pingtung University of
Science and Technology
2 Computer Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
3 Institute of Information Management, National Chiao Tung University
4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yan-sen
University
*E-mail: chihua0826@gmail.com

Abstract
Digital learning system based on Internet, symbolizing rich, multiple
information, and providing fast and convenient search engine have already been as a
useful tool for learning. Using digital learning system, we could build the ubiquitous
e-learning environment. This paper proposed a Situation-Aware U-Learning System
(SAULS), which is a three-tier system composed of the mobile users, multimedia
servers, and model database server. The proposed SAULS adopts the wireless sensor
network and 3D Virtual Reality (VR) technology to perceive the environmental
change and produce the flood disaster simulation. SAULS provides the real-time
multimedia information to react the disaster situation immediately. The
communication networks include Internet and 3G/GPRS/GSM mobile networks. To
transmit and display the relief maps of location in real-time, we proposed the effective
escape path algorithm to predict the corrected direction and transmits the minimum
relief maps to users. Mobile user can learn easily and effectively at anytime and
anywhere using SAULS, which adopts RFID technology and Life Quality
Management Helper (LQMH). The performance evaluation reveals the effectiveness
and efficiency of SAULS.
KeywordUbiquitous Learning, Situation-Aware, Virtual Reality, Digital Archives,
Disaster Simulation

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The Design of Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System

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Web-based

(Learning Content)

2007 8 (
)

(Disaster Prevention on Hillslopes and Water


Resources Engineering, DPHWE)

(Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System,


SAULS)
(3G/GPRS/GSM)

SAULS

(1) /(Mobile Learning / Ubiquitous Learning)(2)


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Journal of Computer Science and Application

(Digital Archives, DAs) (3) (Context-Aware) (4)


(Disaster Simulation)
/(Mobile Learning / Ubiquitous Learning)
(Mobile Learning)
(PDA
)[5]

PDA

(1) WLANGPRS

(2)PDA

PDA
()

[7]
ubiquitous learning environment (ULE)

ULE

Jones ULE
a ubiquitous learning environment
(ULE) which is a situation of pervasive (or omnipresent) education (or learning)[5]
Ubiquitous = pervasive, omnipresent, ever present, everywhere
Learning = educational, instructive, didactic, pedagogical
Environment = surroundings, setting, situation, atmosphere

[8]

[8]

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The Design of Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System

67

(Digital Archives, DAs)

(i)
(ii) PDA (iii) e PDA (iv)

(meta data)Berkley XML


(1)

XML
(2)
XML
XML (3)

XML
XML [3, 4, 6, 11]
(Context-Aware)
(Pervasive Computing Environment)
Korpip
(Ontology)(Semantic Context Information)

(Raw Context Data)


(Feature Extraction)Korpip (Crisp Limits)
(Fuzzy Set)
W3C (Resource Description Framework, RDF)
(Context
Type)(Context Value)(Confidence)(Source)
(Timestamp)(Attributes)
(Bayesian reasoning)
RDF RDF Schema

[2]
RDF RDF Schema Gu
(Pervasive Computing Environment)
(Service-Oriented Context-Aware Middleware, SOCAM)
(Web Ontology Language, OWL)SOCAM OWL

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Journal of Computer Science and Application

(Representation)(Reasoning)(Classification)
(Dependency)
(Disaster Simulation)

DTM
(the Inverse Distance
Weighted approach, IDW)[13] IDW

2D GIS 3D VRML 2D
2D VRML
VRML [9]
GPS 3D

3D
3D

[10]

SAULS (5-Tier) 1

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The Design of Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System

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1(SAULS)
(Mobile Users, MUs)

(PC)(Laptop)(Tablet PC)(Smart Phone)


(PDA)
SAULS (1)
(Location-Based Services)(2) (3)
(4) (Real-time Multimedia Transmission)(4)
(Prevent multimedia information)(5) (6)

(Multimedia Server, MS)

(Intelligent Agents, IAs)(Virtual Reality, VR)


(Wireless Sensor Network ,WSN)(Radio Frequency Identification,
RFID)(Web-based geographic information system, Web
GIS) Web Service

(Real-time Ecology Monitoring Sensors, REMSs)


REMSs (Ecology
Monitoring Engine, EME)Motes
MDA300MTS310(Sensor board)
WSN
(Network Camera)
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Journal of Computer Science and Application

(Active Database Server, ADS)

(Model Base Server, MBS)


Data Mining

DPHWE

SAULS
(1) (Virtual Reality
of Sediment Disaster and Ecology Monitoring Tutorial)(2)
(E-Learning Management Platform, ELMP)(3) (Life Quality
Management Helper, LQMH)

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2(SAULS)
(Virtual Reality of Sediment Disaster and
Ecology Monitoring Tutorial)

(Digital Archives ,DAs)


DPHWE

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SAES (Metadata) Metadata

3 SAES

(Online Tutorial ,OT)


DPHWE

1
DPHWE

3
SAULS
DPHWE

4 5 DPHWE (1)
(2) (1) ()(2)
(3) DPHWE

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Crossbow
(1) (2) (3)

MTS310CA

MDA300CA
4
SAULS

6
5
(Virtual Reality Modeling Language, VRML)
7

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Journal of Computer Science and Application

(E-Learning Management Platform, ELMP)

(Learning Content Modules, LCM)


Web
(Concept)
ADL "Sharable Content
Object Reference Model (SCORM)
(Package)
(Aggregation)

(Learning Map, LM)

SAULS
(Learning Content)

(Learning Object, LO)


(1) (hierarchical
model)(2) (random model)(3) (multimodal model)(4)
(multivalent model)[12]
()

(1)

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(i C1old i C1new)2 +(i C2old i C2new)2 + L+(i Ckold i Cknew)2 i Case


EDi =
{1,2,,i}(1)
k
EDi: The Euclidean Distance between the case of context actuality and history context
Casei
k: number of The similar historical context cases
Casei: The similar historical context cases
new
i Ck
: The context atoms of the context actuality
old
C
i k : The context atoms of the historical context
(Interactive Response System, IRS)

RFID
SAULS RFID

RFID

(Mobile Knowledge-based Blog, MKB)


SAULS

e-Learning

RSS(Really Simple Syndication)


RSS
+

RSS (Data
Mining)(
)

(Bayesian Classification)

(i)
(ii)

hj X
xi X
P(hj|X) X hj
P(hj|X)
P(hj|X)
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X hj
(Bayesian Theorem)P(hj|X)(2)
P( X | h j ) P (h j )
P (h j | X ) =
P( X )
(2)
X : Context actuality
xi {x1, x2, , xi} : Context atoms of X
hj {h1, h2, , hj} : Context values of user context information

Google PageRank
RSS (
6)

6RSS
PageRank
(3)[1]
PR ( p j )
1 d
PR ( pi ) =
+d
(3)
N
p j M(p i ) L ( p j )
pj {p1, p2, , pj} : the pages under consideration.
M(pi): the set of pages that link to pi.
L(pj): the number of outbound links on page pj.
N: the total number of pages.
d = 0.85, estimated from the frequency that an average surfer uses his or her browser's
bookmark feature.
(Real-time Multicast Chat Room, RMCR)

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SAULS GPRS/3G IEEE 802.11b

(High Mobility)(Long Distance)

(Life Quality Management Helper, LQMH)


LQMH
LQMH

(Hospitality Decision Support System, HDSS)


SAULS
(User Friendly)
7

(Emergency Online Helper, EOH)


SAULS

7
8
(Healthy Learning Plan, HLP)

SAULS
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(Dormitory Safe Monitor, DSM)

RFID
RFID Tag

RFID

(Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System, SAULS)SAULS

SAULS

99 NSC
99-2220-E-020-001

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77

The Design of Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Learning System

[2]

[3]

[4]
[5]

[6]
[7]

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Korpip, P. and Mntyjrvi, J., An Ontology for Mobile Device Sensor-Based
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Hedstrom, M. and Montgomery, S., Digital Preservation Needs and
Requirements in RLG Member Institutions, A study commissioned by the
Research Libraries Group, 1998.
Jones, M., Berkley, C., Bojilova, J., and Schildhauer, M., Managing scientific
metadata, IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 5, No. 5, 59-68, .
Jones, V. and Jo, J.H., Ubiquitous learning environment: An adaptive teaching
system using ubiquitous technology, Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE
Conference, 2004.

Generator for Metadata Management Systems


295-302 2006
1994

[8]
2004
[9]
2001
[10]
59-65 2002
[11]
303-309 2006
[12]

2002
[13]
2001

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