Chemistry Reviewer

The Periodic Table of Elements:

Dmitri Mendelev – Russian Chemist who arranged the periodic table of elements in
order
of increasing atomic weights.
Lothar Meyer- German chemist who devised the classification of elements.
his table is consisted of 56 elements.
John Newlands – English chemist who proposed a system of classification in which the
elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic masses.
- Law of Octaves

Periods and Groups:

Representative Elements- A block
Transition Elemets- B block
Inner Transition Elements- located at the last part of the periodic table of elements

Classification of Groups:
1. Alkali Metals- 1A (Li, Na, K, Cs, Fr)
( these elements are soft, shiny and high ductility, low melting
points and good conductors)
2. Alkaline Earth Metals- 2A (be, Mg, Ca, Sr, ba, Ra)
(harder and less reactive than 1A , their compounds
form similar composition)
3. Transition Metals
4. Metalloids- (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po)
termed either metals or non- metals
5. Non- Metals – ( H, C, N, O, P, S, Se)
poor conductors, dull and brittle, low densities,
low densities and low boiling points.
6. Halogens- (F, Cl, Br, I, At)
*hales- greek for saltxgenes meaning “salt producing”
F- most reactive of all non-metals
-greenish yellow gas w/ sharp imitating odor
Cl- “chlores”- greenish yellow
Br- “bromos” – stench, emit well
I-“iodes”- violet
7. Noble Gases( He, ne, Ar, Xe, Kr, Rh)
8. Inner Transition Metals

Periodic Variations
Property across the period going down a
group
(left to right) (top to
bottom)
1. atomic size(AS) decreases increases
2. metallic property(MP) decreases increases
3. ionization energy(IE) increases decreases
4. electron affinity(EA) increases decreases
5. electron negativity(EN) increases decreases

Lewis Dot Diagram for Elements:

- depends on in its family.
ex. Lithium(atomic 3)
therefore 3 dots for Lithium
Chemical Bonding- bonding between atoms to form a compound
types:
1. Covalent- between 2 nonmetals
>Non-polar- equal sharing
>Polar- unequal sharing

2. Ionic- between metal+ non-metal

- complete transfer of electrons
3. Metallic- exist among metals such as Fe, Au, Ag, Mg, Zn or Cu
- composed of a lattice of atoms of the same element where the
electrons are loosely held and are freely moving.
- strongest bond

Naming Chemical Compounds:

1. binary cpds end in –ide
a.) ionic= metal+nonmetal
b.) covalent
2. Binary Acids
3. Tenary Acids
4. Metals that forms many oxidation states
5. Hydrates