SYSTEM UNIT

SYSTEM UNIT

A case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Sometimes called the chassis

SYSTEM UNIT: COMPONENTS

Motherboard Power supply Processor Memory modules Drives Expansion cards Ports and connectors

MOTHERBOARD

the main circuit board of the system unit Contains chips, integrated circuits, and transistors Also called system board

MOTHERBOARD

POWER SUPPLY

Converts standard electrical power to a form a computer can use

PROCESSOR

also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

PROCESSOR: CU and ALU

The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

PROCESSOR: CU and ALU

PROCESSOR: Clock Speed

Clock speed measures how fast a processor performs an activity. Clock speed rates are shown in Gigahertz (GHz), which means billions of cycles per second. 1 gigabyte = 1000 MHz = 1 GHz

PROCESSOR: Cores and Threads

Pipelining Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction Parallel Processing - the ability to carry out multiple operations or tasks simultaneously.

Threads - the smallest unit of processing

SINGLE CORE DUAL CORE MULTICORE

MEMORY

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

MEMORY: Volatile and Non-volatile

Volatile memory Loses its contents when power is turned off Random Access Memory (RAM)

Non volatile memory Does not lose contents when power is removed Read-only memory (ROM)

MEMORY: RAM

temporary storage and working space for the operating system and its applications Resides in memory slots.

MEMORY: RAM

Static RAM: does not need to be periodically refreshed, as SRAM uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit. Dynamic RAM: stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. refreshed periodically. Magnetoresistive RAM: retains its information when power is turned off

MEMORY: RAM

MEMORY: RAM

It takes 200ns (nanoseconds) for the CPU to access RAM compared to 12,000,000ns to access the hard drive The more peripherals you add to a computer, or the more advanced applications you ask it to perform, the more RAM it needs to operate smoothly.

DRIVES

Hard Disk - a non-volatile, random access digital magnetic data storage device A bay is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment
A drive bay typically holds disk drives

EXPANSION CARDS

Connects peripheral devices and add functionality to the system. Also called adapter cards

Interface adapter cards, including parallel port cards, serial port cards, multi-I/O cards, USB port cards, and proprietary interface cards. Sound and Video Cards Network cards Host adapters such as SCSI and RAID controllers. Etc. etc. etc. :)

EXPANSION CARDS

PORTS AND CONNECTORS

A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack) A connector joins a cable to a port

PORTS AND CONNECTORS

PORTS AND CONNECTORS

A USB port can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector