Tenses of the Indicative Mood

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous Future Simple Future Continuous Future Perfect Simple Future Perfect Continuous

10. 11. 12.

Pattern:
1. S+V[-e(s)~IIIrd: I play, He plays

2. S+ am/is/are+V+ing: I am playing, He is playing 3. S+have/has+V-ed/IIIrd form: I have played, He has played 4. S+ have/has+been+V+ing: I have been playing, He has been playing
5. S+V+ed/IInd form: I played, he sang

6. S+was/were+V+ing: I was playing 7. S+ had+V+ed/IIIrd form: I had played 8. S+had+been+V+ing: I have been playing 9. S+shall/will+V: I shall play; you will play 10.S+shall/will+be+V+ing:I be playing 11.S+shall/eill+have+V+ed/IIIrd form: Ill have played 12.S+shall/will+have+been+V+ing: Ill have been playing

1. Present simple
S+V[-e(s)~IIIrd Affirmative: I play. You play. He/ She/ It plays. We/You/They play. Interogative: Do I play? Do you play? Does he/she/it play? Do we/you/they play? Negative: I do not play. You dont play. He/she/it doesnt play. We/you/they dont play. Uses: A habitual, repeated action: e.g. I go to school every day. Mother drinks coffee in the morning. A permanent action/ general truth e.g. My name is Dan. The Earth moves round the Sun. If you put iron in water it sinks. Future: actions that are part of a fixed programme: e.g. The train leaves at 8 o clock. The exam is on the 7th of July. Cuvinte specifice: -every day, week, month, year,, Monday, summer, winter, autumn; -always, sometimes, rarely, seldom, frequently, often, continually, never;

2.Present Continuous
S+ am/is/are+V+ing: Affirmative: I am playing You are playing He/ She/ It is playing We/ You/ They are playing Interogative: Am I playing? Are you playing? Is he/ she/ it playing? Are we/ you/ they playing? Negative: I am not playing. You are not playing He/ she/ it is not playing We/ you/ they are not playing. Uses: An action taking place at the moment of speaking; e.g.: We are studing now. He is speaking at the moment.
A repeated action witch ennoys the speaker;

e.g.: She is forewer crying! My naighbour is always starting his car when I want to take a nap. Future actions planned from a present moments; e.g.: We are flying to New York next week. Cuvinte specifice: -now, right now, at the/this moment;

3. Present Perfect Simple

S+have/has+V+-ed/IIIrd form: Affirmative: I have played You have played He/ she/ it has played We/ you/ they have played Interrogative: Have I played? Have you played? Has he/ she/ it played? Have we/ she/ it played? Negative: I have not played You have not played He/ she/ it has not played We/ you/ they have not played havent/ hasnt

Uses: An action that began in the past and has just ceased; e.g.: I have just eaten. He has just arrived. A past action that has a present result; e.g.: She has washed the dishes. I have read the book. They have written the letters.
Questions of experience:/ answer

e.g.: Have you ever traveled by plane? Yes, I have traveled by plane. / No, I havent traveled by plane. Cuvinte specifice: -already, just, yet / ever, never / for since;
An action that started in a past moment and state which has just

ceased or (it will after a short while.) e.g.: I have lived in Bucharest for 2 years.

They have lived in Cluj since 1991. 4.

Present Perfect Continuous

S+ have/has+been+V+ing Affirmative: I have been playing You have been playing He/ she/ it has been playing. We/ you/ they have been playing. Interrogative: Have I been playing? Have you been playing? Has he/ she/ it been playing? Have we/ you/ they been playing? Negative: I havent been playing. You havent been playing. He/ she/ it hasnt been playing. We/ you/ they havent been playing. Uses:
An action that started in the past, goes on in the present time and

(maybe) in the future. e.g.: He has been waiting for her half an hour. They have been playing football since 10 oclock in the morning. Cuvinte specifice: -since, for;

5. Past Simple S+V+-ed/ IInd form Affirmative: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they played/ wrote/ ate. Interrogative: Did I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they play? write? eat? Negative: I did not (didnt) play/ write/ eat. Uses: A past action that ended(we have to tell the past moments when the action ended) e.g.: I was at the theatre yesterday. Cuvinte specifice: -yesterday, the day before yesterday; -last week, month, year, friday, winter; -ago; e.g.: She met him 3 years ago.

6. Past Continuous S+was/were+V+ing Affirmative: I was playing You were playing He/she/it was playing We/you/ they were playing. Interogative: Was I playing? Were you playing? Was he/she/it playing? Were we/you.they playing? Negative: I was not playing. You were not playing. Wasnt/ werent He/ she/ it was not playing. We/ you/ they were not playing. Uses: A past action in progress: e.g.: I was walking by this time yesterday.
A present action in progress witch is interrupted by a past

moment action.(P.S.) e.g.: I was crossing the street when two cars crashed.
Two parallel past actions in progress.

e.g.: Mother was cooking while father was mending the car. Cuvinte specifice: -when, while;

7. Past Perfect Simple S+had+V+ -ed, IIIrd form Affirmative: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they had played/ eaten. Interrogative: Had I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they played? Eaten? Negative: I had not (didnt) played/ eaten. Uses: A past actions that took place: a) before a past moment b) before another past action
a) I had written the letter by 2 oclock yesterday. b) Mother had cooked dinner by the time father came home.

Cuvinte specifice: -after, before;

8. Past Perfect Continuous S+had+been +V+ing Affirmative: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they had been playing.. Interrogative: Had I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they been playing? Negative: I had not (didnt) been playing. Uses:
Past perfect simple+the action is in progress.

e.g.: I had been playing tennis for two hours yesterday before I want home.

9. Future Simple S+shall/will+V Affirmative: I shall play. You will play. He/ She/ It will play. We shall play. You/ They will play. Interogative: Shall I play? Will you play? Will he/she/it play? Shall we play? Will you/they play? Negative: I shall not play. You will not play. He/she/it will not play. We/ They will not play. Uses: A future actions that will happen after the moment of speaking. e.g.: Ill take the cat to the vet tomorrow. Cuvinte specifice: - tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, month, year, Friday, in two week time.

10. Future continuous S+shall/will+be+V+ ing Affirmative: I shall be playing. You will be playing. He/ She/ It will be playing. We shall be playing. You/ They will be playing. Interogative: Shall I be playing? Will you be playing? Will he/she/it be playing? Shall we be playing? Will you/they be playing? Negative: I shall not be playing. You will not be playing. He/she/it will not be playing. We/ They will not be playing. Uses: A future actions in progress: e.g.: Ill be playing on the computer by the time tomorrow.

11. Future Perfect Simple S+shall/will+have+V+-ed/ IIIrd form Affirmative: I shall have played. You will have played. He/ She/ It will have played. We shall have played. You/ They will have played. Interogative: Shall I have played? Will you have played? Will he/she/it have played? Shall we have played? Will you/they have played? Negative: I shall not have played. You will not have played. He/she/it will not have played. We/ They will not have played.