CHAPTER 1.

INTRODUCTION: GEOGRAPHY AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The branch of geography that focuses upon natural landforms, climate, soils, and vegetation of the Earth is: a. cultural geography b. human geography c. locational geography d. physical geography 2. The importance of the spatial approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows: a. the arrangement and organization of things on the surface of the Earth b. the history of an area c. human activity only d. the political impact of boundaries

3. Alfred Wegener developed a hypothesis explaining the jigsaw-like fit of the continental land masses on opposite sides of the North and South Atlantic Oceans called: a. plate tectonics b. plate distribution c. continental drift d. crustal spreading 4. Which of the following is not one of the "four traditions of geography" as originally developed by W.D. Pattison in 1964? a. earth-science b. paleontologic c. culture-environment d. locational 5. Physical geography remains one of the cornerstones of geography. In times past it was called: a. locational tradition b. area-analysis tradition c. earth-science tradition d. environmental tradition

6. The reason W.D. Pattison described the locational tradition as being the heart of all geography is that: a. it is the spatial focus of the discipline b. locational interest was a new concept c. locational focus is essential for map-making d. physical geography requires it 7. Which of the traditions of geography listed below has given rise to regional science? a. culture-environment b. earth-science c. locational tradition d. area-analysis

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In 1986 the National Geographic Society published "Five Themes" of geography that differed from Pattison's "four traditions" in several ways, one of which was the omission of an important tradition that Pattison included. The omitted tradition was: a. earth-science b. place c. physical geography d. movement of people 9. The "Five Themes" of geography, published by the National Geographic Society in 1986, added two themes to the four traditions identified by W. D. Pattison in 1964. One of these was place and the other was: a. numbers b. movement c. distribution d. densities 10. The concern of geography with space puts a. patterns b. distance c. scale d. places ? at the center of its agenda.

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The country of Rwanda is located on the continent of: a. South America b. Australia c. Asia d. Africa The coordinates of absolute location are useful mainly in determining exact: a. distances b. directions c. distances and directions d. elevations The physical location of a place using the Earth latitude-longitude grid is properly called the: a. relative location b. absolute location c. central location d. referenced location

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The location of a place in relationship to other places or features around it is called: a. absolute location b. site c. relative location d. actual location 15. If a place has a relative location that is centrally located to people, raw materials, markets, and the ability to transport goods then the place is said to have: a. centrality b. site c. referenced location

d. advantaged location 16. Chicago's absolute location has not changed but its relative location changed markedly in 1959 because: a. Lake Michigan shrank b. O'Hare international airport opened c. the St. Lawrence Seaway opened d. a new railroad was completed 17. During the past century which one of the following Asian countries experienced a dramatic change in their relative location? a. China b. India c. Indonesia d. Japan Physical geography is important to the study of human geography because: a. the Earth's surface forms the physical setting for creating the human imprint. b. human activities are shaped by physical conditions c. the Earth's surface constantly changes and humans need to be aware of this d. by knowing the physical features of an area human geographers will know where to look for people A vital rule that maps demonstrate in geography is: a. geography is not always spatial b. places on the Earth have their own distinctive properties c. a map is worth many pages of written text d. geographic studies do not necessarily need maps

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20. When Japan decided to embark on the road to industrialization, they chose which of the following countries as their model? a. the United States b. Germany c. France d. Britain 21. Except for South and Southeast Asia, what ocean influences the moistest areas of the world? a. Pacific b. Indian c. Arctic d. Atlantic

22. The spread of ideas, cultural traits, knowledge, and skills from their places of origin to other areas where they are adopted is called: a. diffusion b. adjustment c. spreading d. expansion

23. While it is not possible to measure the diffusion of cultural aspects quantitatively, it is possible to trace: a. speed of movement b. direction of movement c. reason for movement d. time of movement 24. Arrows are one of the most useful symbols used on maps but there are limitations to what they can show. Which of the following could arrows not show? a. direction of movement b. destination of movement c. volume of movement d. reason for movement 25. Which of the following is not used as criteria for defining a region: a. area b. location c. time d. boundaries A good example of a functional region would be a: a. city and its surrounding region b. region where nearly everyone spoke French c. region where farming practices were the same d. region of similar climate A good example of a formal region would be a: a. region surrounding a manufacturing complex b. city and its surrounding region c. region of similar housing types d. region showing migration to a central location Regions are: a. actual existing entities on the Earth's surface b. limited in the information that can be handled c. a means of handling large amounts of information d. useful only to geographers

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29. Mental (or cognitive) maps are derived from: a. visual observation from the real world plus scrutiny and study of printed maps b. cartographic development c. a quick analysis of data d. imagined experiences only 30. The total impression that generates our mental map is called: a. experience perception b. environmental perception c. inherited perception d. physical perception